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WO2017178992A1 - Complexes d'imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ayant une activité anticancéreuse - Google Patents

Complexes d'imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ayant une activité anticancéreuse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017178992A1
WO2017178992A1 PCT/IB2017/052122 IB2017052122W WO2017178992A1 WO 2017178992 A1 WO2017178992 A1 WO 2017178992A1 IB 2017052122 W IB2017052122 W IB 2017052122W WO 2017178992 A1 WO2017178992 A1 WO 2017178992A1
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copper
imidazo
pyridin
formula
complex
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Charles Bernard De Koning
Leonie HARMSE
Jean DAM
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University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
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University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F1/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F1/08Copper compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents

Definitions

  • This invention relates to novel metal complexes of imidazo[l,2-a]pyridine derivatives and/or analogues thereof, and extends to their manufacture. This invention further extends to copper complexes of imidazo[l,2-a]pyridine derivatives and/or analogues thereof for use in the treatment of cancer, particularly breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and leukemia.
  • Cancer is considered as a leading cause of death in developed countries and consequently new and innovative anti-cancer pharmaceuticals are required to be developed.
  • Many standard therapies are toxic to healthy non-cancerous cells resulting in unwanted side effects and/or serious life threatening adverse effects. Further, cancer often becomes resistant to known therapies resulting in its further spread and/or a need for increased and more toxic dosage regimes being administered to the cancer sufferer.
  • One such standard therapy includes the administration of cisplatin, a very toxic and expensive chemotherapeutic.
  • Imidazo[l,2-a]pyridines are a class of chemical compounds known to display a wide range of biological activities.
  • imidazo[l,2-a]pyridines are known to treat insomnia and anxiety and have been investigated in the treatment of HIV, possibly impacting several independent biochemical pathways.
  • the Applicant has previously shown that certain derivatives and/or analogues of imidazo[l,2-a]pyridines show biological activity against colon cancer (see PCT/IB2010/051427).
  • a metal complex of an imidazo[l,2- a]pyridine ligand and/or a metal complex of an imidazo[l,2-a]pyridine ligand derivative and/or an analogue thereof is provided.
  • the metal complex may further include at least one second ligand interacting with the metal.
  • the interaction between the imidazo[l,2-a]pyridine ligand and the metal, and the interaction between the second ligand and the metal may each be a molecular interaction, and may be at least one of the following group of molecular interactions: ionic, covalent, dative, coordinative, and van der Waals.
  • the at least one second ligand may be an oxygen containing ligand and/or a halogen interacting with the metal.
  • the at least one second ligand is an oxygen containing ligand.
  • the oxygen containing second ligand may include at least one of the following groups: nitrates, acetates, sulphates and phosphates. Typically, the oxygen containing second ligand is nitrate and/or acetate.
  • the metal may be a metal ion.
  • the metal ion may be copper.
  • the copper may be Cu 1+ and/or Cu 2+ .
  • the metal is Cu 2+ .
  • the metal complex may be a copper (II) complex of an imidazo[l,2-a]pyridine ligand derivative and/or analogue.
  • Said copper (II) complex may provide a distorted square planar geometry.
  • the copper (II) complex of an imidazo[l,2-a]pyridine ligand derivative and/or analogue to provide a distorted square planar geometry, wherein the oxygen containing second ligand provides at least one oxygen atom being in a position out of plane relative to the remainder of the complex.
  • the copper (II) complex of an imidazo[l,2-a]pyridine ligand derivative and/or analogue may form dimers.
  • the imidazo[l,2-a] pyridine ligand derivative and/or analogue may be a compound of Formula A:
  • Ri, R 2 and R 3 may each be a hydrogen or a halogen
  • R may be any one of the following group: benzyl and cyclohexyl.
  • R R 2 and R 3 may each be any one of the following group: hydrogen, bromine and chlorine.
  • R3 may vary around an aromatic ring structure, and this is indicated by a line representing a bond projecting into said ring structure.
  • the copper (II) complex of an imidazo[l,2-a]pyridine ligand derivative and/or analogue thereof may include at least one of the following group: copper N-benzyl-6-bromo-2-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazo[ 1 ,2-a]pyridin-3 -amine acetate
  • the cancer may include at least one of the following group: breast cancer, colorectal cancer, colon cancer, and leukemia.
  • the metal complex may further include at least one second ligand interacting with the metal.
  • the interaction between the imidazo[l,2-a]pyridine ligand and the metal, and the interaction between the second ligand and the metal may each be a molecular interaction, and may be at least one of the following group of molecular interactions: ionic, covalent, dative, coordinative, and van der Waals.
  • the at least one second ligand may be an oxygen containing ligand and/or a halogen interacting with the metal.
  • the at least one second ligand is an oxygen containing ligand.
  • the oxygen containing second ligand may include at least one of the following groups: nitrates, acetates, sulphates and phosphates.
  • the oxygen containing ligand is nitrate and/or acetate.
  • R ls R 2 and R 3 may each be any one of the following group: hydrogen, bromine and chlorine.
  • R 3 may vary around an aromatic ring structure, and this is indicated by a line representing a bond projecting into said ring structure.
  • Formula (A2.1) copper 6-bromo-N-cyclohexyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazo[l,2-a]pyridin-3 -amine acetate
  • Formula (A2.2) copper 6-bromo-N-cyclohexyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazo[l,2-a]pyridin-3-amine nitrate
  • cancer may include at least one of the following group: breast cancer, colorectal cancer, colon cancer, and leukemia.
  • oxygen containing second ligand may include at least one of the following groups: nitrates, acetates, sulphates and phosphates.
  • oxygen containing ligand is nitrate and/or acetate.
  • FIGURE 1 shows crystallographic data of a compound of Formula (Al);
  • FIGURE 2 shows crystallographic data of a compound of Formula (A2.1);
  • FIGURE 3 shows crystallographic data of a compound of Formula (A2.2);
  • FIGURE 4 shows crystallographic data of a compound of Formula (A3);
  • FIGURE 5 shows crystallographic data of a compound of Formula (A4);
  • FIGURE 6 shows crystallographic data of a compound of Formula (A5);
  • FIGURE 7 shows crystallographic data of a compound of Formula (A6);
  • FIGURE 9 shows the effect of Formula (A2.1) on cell and nuclear morphology on MCF-7 and HL-60 cells after a 48 h exposure period indicates apoptotic and necrotic cell death.
  • MCF-7 and HL-60 cells were treated with Formula (A2.1) at a concentration of 1.5 ⁇ and 2.0 ⁇ , respectively. Images were captured at a 400 ⁇ magnification and scalebars represent 20 micron.
  • N normal nucleus
  • NN necrotic nucleus
  • AN apoptotic nucleus
  • LAN late apoptotic nucleus
  • MCF-7 cells shows the formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles, acidic granules, deformed- and apoptotic nuclei.
  • Cells were treated with 10 ⁇ of the test compounds for 24 h. Images were captured at a 400 ⁇ ⁇ magnification and scalebars represent 20 micrometers.
  • N nucleus
  • CN contracted nucleus
  • AN apoptotic nucleus
  • DN deformed nucleus
  • AG acidic granules
  • F filopodia
  • V vacuoles;
  • FIGURE 11 shows the formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles do not co-localize with the acidic granules.
  • metal complexes preferably copper complexes, of imidazo[l,2-a]pyridine derivatives and/or analogues, and their use in the treatment of cancer, preferably breast cancer, colon cancer, colorectal cancer and/or leukemia.
  • Cisplatin is a known anti-cancer agent that has a square planar geometry.
  • the square planar geometry of cisplatin is enabled by the electron configuration of platinum and its ions.
  • Cisplatin and its derivatives are expensive to manufacture, have low solubility and are toxic to healthy cells with long term neurotoxic effects on surviving patients.
  • Imidazo[l,2-a]pyridines may have a plethora of different functional groups which may readily impact of their physico-chemical properties. Based on the sheer number of possibilities and lack of guiding selection principles it is difficult to predict which imidazo[l,2-a]pyridine derivative and/or analogue would, when complexed with copper, provide for an anti-cancer agent, preferably an anti-breast cancer, anti-colon cancer and/or anti-leukemia agent. Similarly, the sheer number of known uses for imidazo[l,2-a]pyridines in biological applications suggests several independent and unpredictable mechanisms of action.
  • the metal complex typically further includes at least one oxygen containing second ligand interacting with the metal.
  • the interaction between the imidazo[l,2-a]pyridine ligand and the metal, and the interaction between the second ligand and the metal may each be a molecular interaction, and may be at least one of the following group of molecular interactions: ionic, covalent, dative, coordinative, and van der Waals.
  • the metal complex typically includes at least one oxygen containing second ligand interacting with the metal.
  • the oxygen containing second ligand may include at least one of the following groups: nitrates, acetates, sulphates and phosphates.
  • the oxygen containing second ligand is nitrate and/or acetate.
  • the metal is typically a metal ion.
  • the metal ion is typically copper.
  • the copper may be Cu 1+ and/or Cu 2+ .
  • the metal is Cu 2+ .
  • the metal complex may be a copper (II) complex of an imidazo[l,2- a]pyridine ligand derivative and/or analogue.
  • Said copper (II) complex may provide a distorted square planar geometry.
  • the copper (II) complex of an imidazo[l,2-a]pyridine ligand derivative and/or analogue which provides a distorted square planar geometry, wherein the oxygen containing ligand provides at least one oxygen atom being in a position out of plane relative to the square planar arrangement.
  • the copper (II) complex of an imidazo[l,2-a]pyridine ligand derivative and/or analogue may form dimers.
  • the complex of Formula (A6) shows two distorted square planar copper (II) complexes forming a dimer. This is also seen in the accompanying crystallographic data herein below.
  • the imidazo[l,2-a]pyridine derivative ligand and/or analogue may be a compound of Formula A:
  • Ri, R.2 and R 3 may each be a hydrogen or a halogen
  • R4 may be any one of the following group: benzyl and cyclohexyl.
  • R l5 R 2 and R 3 may each be any one of the following group: hydrogen, bromine and chlorine.
  • R 3 may vary around an aromatic ring structure, and this is indicated by a line representing a bond projecting into said ring structure.
  • the copper (II) complex of an imidazo[l,2-a]pyridine ligand derivative and/or analogue may include at least one of the following group:
  • Formula (A2.1) copper 6-bromo-N-cyclohexyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazo[l,2-a]pyridin-3 -amine acetate
  • Formula (A2.2) copper 6-bromo-N-cyclohexyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazo[l,2-a]pyridin-3-amine nitrate
  • a metal complex of an imidazo[l,2- a]pyridine ligand and/or a metal complex of an imidazo[l,2-a]pyridine ligand derivative and/or an analogue thereof for use in treating cancer, as described in the Summary above.
  • the cancer may include at least one of the following group: breast cancer, colorectal cancer, colon cancer, and leukemia.
  • the metal complexes according to this disclosure have been found to be active against several different cancer cell lines.
  • imidazo[l,2-a]pyridines are synthesized according to the Groebke-Blackburn-Bienayme multicomponent reaction, wherein functionalized imidazo[l,2-a]pyridines are synthesized in a single step from substituted 2-aminopyridines, isocyanides and aldehydes in the presence of an acid catalyst such as zinc(II)chloride or scandium triflate. All the reagents and chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Merck or ACE Chemicals and used without further purification unless otherwise noted.
  • the relevant imidazo[l,2-a]pyridine was added to diethylether to form a solution.
  • Equimolar amounts of an appropriate metal salt for example copper(II)chloride (CuCl 2 ), copper(II)acetate (Cu(Ac) 2 ) and copper(II)nitrate (Cu(N0 3 ) 2 ) were added to the solution and stirred for over 18 hours at room temperature. During this time a powder formed in the solution and this was collected by filtration and washed with diethylether to remove any unreacted imidazo[l,2-a]pyridine. The copper complexes were then dissolved in acetone, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to remove any unreacted copper salts. The powder was then crystallized slowly from suitable solvents to afford x-ray quality crystals. Infra-red (IR) studies were also conducted.
  • CuCl 2 copper(II)chloride
  • Cu(Ac) 2 ) copper(II)nitrate
  • N-benzyl-6-bromo-2-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazo[l,2-a]pyridin-3 -amine (Ligand Al) was synthesized as follows. Combining 5-bromo-2-aminopyridine (2.304 g, 13.317 mmol), benzyl isocyanide (1.56 g, 13.317 mmol, 1 eq) and pyridinecarbaldehyde (1.27 ml, 13.317 mmol, 1 eq)) with Montmorrillionite K-10 Clay (2.30 g) and following the general procedure with EtOH as the solvent resulted in 13 (2.037g, 40 %), which was collected as a yellow powder after recrystallization from ether.
  • N-benzyl-6-bromo-2-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazo[l,2-a]pyridin-3 -amine (Ligand Al) (0.200 g, 0.527 mmol) and copper(II) acetate monohydrate (0.116 g, 0.570 mmol, 1.1 eq) were used as described above.
  • the product Formula (Al) (0.320 g, 99 %) was recrystallized by vapour diffusion from MeOD and ether. The structure of the complex was confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography.
  • IR (v ⁇ crn 1 ) 3428, 3246, 3084, 3029, 2999, 2925, 1577, 1564, 1526, 1498, 1482, 1391, 1330, 1244, 1204, 1166, 1124, 1096, 1045, 1018, 975, 930, 842, 813, 785, 750, 704, 675, 647, 617.
  • 6-bromo-N-cyclohexyl-2-(pyridine-2-yl)imidazo[l,2-a]pyridine-3-amine (0.200 g,0.539 mmol) (Ligand A2) was synthesized as follows: 2-Amino-5-bromopyridine (2.00 g, 11.56 mmol), 2- pyridinecarboxaldehyde (1.24 g, 11.56 mmol, 1 eq), cyclohexyl isocyanide (1.26 g, 11.56 mmol, 1 eq) and Montmorrillionite K-10 Clay (2.00 g) were combined and the general procedure followed.
  • Ligand A2 was not active against any cancer cell lines, however, copper (II) complex compound of Formula (A2.1) was active against all tested cancer cell lines (see Table 1). The Applicant did not expect that the complex of Formula (A2.1) would be active against all the tested cancer cell lines.
  • IR (v m .cm _1 ) 3327, 3094, 2924, 2854, 1610, 1568, 1479, 1452, 1410, 1302, 1275, 1246, 1161, 1113, 1097, 1069, 1009, 970, 893, 872, 808, 783, 750, 708, 675, 652.
  • Ligand A2 was not active against any cancer cell lines, however, copper (II) complex compound of Formula (A2.2) was active against all tested cancer cell lines (see Table 1). The Applicant did not expect that the complex of Formula (A2.2) would be active against all the tested cell lines.
  • N-cyclohexyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazo[l,2-a]pyridin-3-amine (Ligand A3) was synthesized as follows: 2- Aminopyridine (1.00 g, 10.626 mmol), 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (1.14 g, 10.626 mmol, 1 eq), cyclohexyl isocyanide (1.16 g, 10.626 mmol, 1 eq) and Montmorrillionite K-10 Clay (1.2 g) were combined and the general procedure followed. The resulting mixture was purified by recrystallization from an ether/DCM mixture to afford Ligand A3 as yellow crystals (2.31 g, 74 %).
  • 6-chloro-N-cyclohexyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazo[l,2-a]pyridin-3 -amine (Ligand A4) was synthesized as follows. 2-amino-5-chloropyridine (1.00 g, 7.78 mmol), 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (0.833 g, 7.78 mmol, 1 eq), cyclohexyl isocyanide (0.857 g, 7.78 mmol, 1 eq) and Montmorrillionite K-10 Clay (1.0 g) were combined in ethanol.
  • JR (v ⁇ c f 1 ) 3379, 3282, 3282, 3067, 2930, 2858, 1610, 1568, 1528, 1502, 1477, 1400, 1331 , 1292, 1242, 1 151, 1 128, 1097, 1078, 1047, 1022, 877, 822, 787, 756, 725, 679, 621.
  • Ligand A4 was not active against any cancer cell lines, however, copper (II) complex compound of Formula A4 was active against all tested cancer cell lines (see Table 1). This was unexpected.
  • Ligand A5 was not active against any cancer cell lines, however, copper (II) complex compound of Formula (A5) was active against all tested cancer cell lines (see Table 1). The Applicant did not expect that the complex of Formula (A5) would be active against all the tested cancer cell lines.
  • Ligand A6 was not active against any cancer cell lines, however, copper (II) complex compound of Formula (A6) was active against all tested cancer cell lines (see Table 1). The Applicant did not expect that the complex of Formula (A6) would be active against all the tested cancer cell lines.
  • Suitable ligand crystals for single crystal X-ray diffraction were grown from deuterated methanol unless otherwise stated. However, complex of Formula (A2.2) was crystallized from deuterated chloroform. Following mounting of the crystals on a glass fibre, the intensity data for the crystals were collected on a Bruker APEX II CCD area detector diffractometer with graphite monochromated Mo-K a radiation (50 kV, 30 mA) at 173K. The collection method involved ⁇ -scans having a width of 0.5°. Data reduction was carried out using SAINT+ version 6.02.6 software and SADABS was used to make empirical absorption corrections. The crystal structures were solved through direct methods using SHELXS-97.
  • Whole blood was collected from human volunteers in heparin containing blood collection tubes.
  • White blood cells (leucocytes) were isolated under sterile conditions from whole blood by differential centrifugation by using the Histopaque -1077 solution (Sigma-Aldrich). Briefly, a volume of blood was carefully layered (without mixing the two phases) over an equal volume of Histopaque -1077 solution in a 50 mL centrifuge tube and centrifuged for 30 mins at 250 x g at room temperature. The leucocytes collect at the plasma/ Histopaque-1077 interphase and erythrocytes and granulocytes sediment to the bottom of the tube. Following centrifugation the upper phase containing plasma and platelets were aspirated and discarded.
  • Initial testing involved exposing the relevant cancer cells to the imidazo[l,2-a]pyridine ligands, copper salts, zinc complexes thereof, as well as the copper complexes thereof, at a final concentration of 100 ⁇ at 37 °C for 48 hours.
  • Cell viability was measured with tetrazolium based MTT assay.
  • Compounds were considered to be active when the viability of the cells had decreased by 80% when compared to the negative control.
  • These compounds were further tested to determine the 50% inhibitory concentration IC 50 values (see Table 1 below) which is an indication of the relative potency of a compound.
  • IC 50 values below about 20 ⁇ were considered active against cancer cells.
  • IC 50 values greater than about 20 ⁇ were considered inactive against cancer cells.
  • the copper complexes for Formulas Al to A6 showed significant anti-cancer activity (with all IC 50 values well below 20 ⁇ and frequently below 15 ⁇ and below 10 ⁇ ) across a range of cancer cell lines.
  • Ligand (A4) NA 23 ⁇ 3 NA 29.2 ⁇ 0.7
  • MCF-7 cells treated with a lower concentration of Formula (A5) appears to favour fragmentation off the nucleus indicating that 29 at a lower concentrations cause apoptosis ( Figure 12).
  • the lower concentration also caused the formation of acidic granules in a high percentage of cells which were not evident when the cells were treated with 10 ⁇ ( Figures 10 and 12).
  • Cells treated with Formula (A3) also showed the presence of apoptotic nuclei ( Figure 10, panel h and p).
  • the complex of Formula (A2.2) showed the presence of contracted nuclei (CN) and a loss of the normal round or oval shaped nuclei (block arrow) in Figure 10, panel 1, which is indicative of pre-apoptotic changes.
  • the Applicant has surprisingly shown that the metal complexes according to the first aspect of this invention described above are active against cancer.
  • the Applicant has found that by providing cancer cells (known to harbor excessive amounts of copper) with more copper complexes is lethal to cancer cells. Further, the ligands and metal salts used to manufacture the copper complexes of the invention individually showed no anti-cancer activity. The results are surprising and unexpected.

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Abstract

Cette invention concerne un complexe métallique à base d'un ligand d'imidazo[1,2-a] pyridine et/ou un complexe métallique à base d'un dérivé et/ou d'un analogue du ligand d'imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine, lesdits complexes métalliques étant destinés à être utilisés dans le traitement du cancer. Généralement, le cancer est le cancer du sein, le cancer colorectal, le cancer du côlon et/ou la leucémie.
PCT/IB2017/052122 2016-04-12 2017-04-12 Complexes d'imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ayant une activité anticancéreuse Ceased WO2017178992A1 (fr)

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US11297399B1 (en) 2017-03-27 2022-04-05 Snap Inc. Generating a stitched data stream

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11297399B1 (en) 2017-03-27 2022-04-05 Snap Inc. Generating a stitched data stream
EP3615532A4 (fr) * 2017-04-28 2020-11-18 Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. Inhibiteurs de trim33 et méthodes d'utilisation
AU2018258588A8 (en) * 2017-04-28 2022-03-03 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. Inhibitors of TRIM33 and methods of use
AU2018258588B2 (en) * 2017-04-28 2022-06-02 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. Inhibitors of TRIM33 and methods of use
US11731967B2 (en) 2017-04-28 2023-08-22 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. Inhibitors of TRIM33 and methods of use

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