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WO2017164440A1 - Appareil de production d'eau douce par distillation membranaire - Google Patents

Appareil de production d'eau douce par distillation membranaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017164440A1
WO2017164440A1 PCT/KR2016/002958 KR2016002958W WO2017164440A1 WO 2017164440 A1 WO2017164440 A1 WO 2017164440A1 KR 2016002958 W KR2016002958 W KR 2016002958W WO 2017164440 A1 WO2017164440 A1 WO 2017164440A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
membrane distillation
module
membrane
steam
seawater
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/KR2016/002958
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
김승현
최용준
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Industry Academic Cooperation Foundation of Kyungnam University
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Industry Academic Cooperation Foundation of Kyungnam University
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Publication date
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Priority to PCT/KR2016/002958 priority Critical patent/WO2017164440A1/fr
Publication of WO2017164440A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017164440A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
    • B01D61/364—Membrane distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fresh water production apparatus by membrane distillation that can maximize energy efficiency.
  • Water is the most important natural resource for humans, covering about 75% of the earth's surface. About 97% of the earth's water is at sea, and about two-thirds of the remaining 3% are polar ice caps or glaciers.
  • seawater present in the sea is too salty to be used for human living or industrial water, so there is very little fresh water available for human life.
  • the seawater desalination methods are mainly distillation, reverse osmosis, electro-dialysis using electric fields, freezing processes using cold heat energy, and membrane distillation using hydrophobic membranes. There is).
  • the seawater desalination technology using the membrane distillation method has advantages in that the operation method is simple and does not need high operating pressure, and the purity of the treated fresh water is higher than other methods.
  • Korean Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2008-0082627 discloses that the liquid to be concentrated in a multi-stage membrane distillation apparatus is separated from the vapor space by the membrane and is set to the absolute pressure of the liquid to be concentrated.
  • a membrane distillation apparatus in which a distillation process is configured such that a negative pressure lowering an absolute pressure is applied.
  • a negative pressure that lowers the absolute pressure of the liquid to be concentrated is applied to the liquid to be concentrated
  • b) the pressure of the liquid to be concentrated is lowered to negative pressure, negative pressure of the distillation process
  • c) is extracted to and from the negative pressure region of the distillation process.
  • the liquid is isolated from the ambient pressure, and d) the absolute pressure of the liquid is lowered below the boiling vapor pressure corresponding to that temperature.
  • the absolute pressure of the liquid entering the membrane distillation process is then set to substantially correspond to the pressure in the associated membrane distillation apparatus.
  • the membrane distillation apparatus has a disadvantage in that the efficiency of the apparatus is low because the amount of energy consumed by introducing the vaporized seawater into the membrane module is large, and the first and second stages are complicated.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a fresh water production apparatus that can maximize the energy efficiency by reducing the amount of energy consumed in the fresh water production process.
  • the present invention provides a device for producing fresh water by using a membrane distillation module in which steam moves through a separation membrane of pores using the pressure difference of the steam as a driving force, wherein the temperature gradient inside the membrane distillation module is minimized. It provides a desalination manufacturing apparatus.
  • the membrane distillation module may simultaneously introduce seawater and phase change materials to minimize the temperature gradient therein.
  • the phase change material may be selected from the group consisting of CaCl 2 .6H 2 O, Na 2 SO 4 .10H 2 O, C 28 H 58 (Octacosane), CH 3 COONa.3H 2 O (Sodium Acetate Trihydrate), and paraffin waxes. It may be more than one species.
  • the membrane distillation module may simultaneously introduce seawater and warm medium to minimize the temperature gradient therein.
  • the warm medium may be at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium acetate supersaturated solution, sodium thiosulfate supersaturated solution, and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate.
  • the film distillation module is provided with a body made of a material containing a ferroelectric, and a microwave generator is provided on the inner side of the body to minimize the temperature gradient therein.
  • the ferroelectric is BaO-PbO-Nd 2 O 3 -Bi 2 O 3 -TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , MgTiO 3 -CaTiO 3 , (Zr, Sn) TiO 4 , BaTi 4 O 9 , Ba 2 Ti 9 O 20 , and xCaTiO 3 - may be at least one member selected from the group consisting of (1-x) (La, Nb, Sm) AlO 3 ( stage, 0.54 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.82).
  • the present invention is a device for producing fresh water using a membrane distillation module in which steam is moved through the separation membrane of the pore using the pressure difference of the steam as a driving force, the module for producing power using the steam generated in the membrane distillation module It provides a fresh water production apparatus by membrane distillation, characterized in that the heat exchange device provided.
  • the membrane distillation module includes at least one membrane distillation selected from the group consisting of direct contact membrane evaporation (DCMD), air layer membrane distillation (AGMD), gas flow membrane distillation (SGMD) and vacuum membrane distillation (VMD). It may be a module.
  • DCMD direct contact membrane evaporation
  • AGMD air layer membrane distillation
  • SGMD gas flow membrane distillation
  • VMD vacuum membrane distillation
  • Freshwater manufacturing apparatus can maximize the energy efficiency by minimizing the temperature gradient in the membrane distillation module, or by producing electricity production using the temperature difference between the steam generated from the membrane distillation module and the raw material seawater and thermoelectric elements. There is an advantage to that.
  • the desalination apparatus according to the present invention has an advantage of improving the freshwater production efficiency by minimizing the temperature gradient in the membrane distillation module.
  • the freshwater production apparatus is the film distillation and heat exchange is carried out at the same time, there is a simplified and simplified advantage compared to the process of performing each of the conventional separately.
  • DCMD direct contact membrane evaporation
  • AGMD air layer membrane distillation
  • SGMD gas flow membrane distillation
  • VMD Official membrane distillation
  • the present invention relates to a fresh water production apparatus by membrane distillation that can maximize energy efficiency.
  • the desalination production apparatus using membrane distillation is a device for producing fresh water using a membrane distillation module in which steam moves through the separation membrane of the pores by using the steam pressure difference as a driving force, the temperature gradient inside the membrane distillation module Minimize.
  • Membrane distillation module of the present invention is generally used in the art, it is divided into four types according to the method of generating the vapor pressure difference and the membrane permeation configuration, specifically, direct contact membrane evaporation (DCMD), air layer membrane distillation ( AGMD), gas flow membrane distillation (SGMD) and vacuum membrane distillation (VMD).
  • DCMD direct contact membrane evaporation
  • AGMD air layer membrane distillation
  • SGMD gas flow membrane distillation
  • VMD vacuum membrane distillation
  • the direct contact MD has been widely used because of its simple process and high permeate flow rate. Specifically, evaporation and condensation occur simultaneously on the membrane surface by direct contact between the liquid hot inflow and the cold treated water.
  • DCMDs are divided into flat sheet, capillary or hollow fiber form (a of FIG. 1).
  • the air gap MD improves the problem of heat transfer and mass transfer, which is a disadvantage of DCMD, and is a form in which a condensation surface is separated from a membrane by a gap of air. That is, a thin air layer is placed on the treated water side (between the cold treated water and the membrane) to prevent heat transfer.
  • the air layer serves as a medium for transporting and heat transfer of water vapor passing through the membrane (FIG. 1 b).
  • the SGMD (Sweep Gas MD) is similar to DCMD, but the condensation surface is formed by a gap between the cold Sweep Gas. Cold inert gas continues to flow into the water vapor passing through the membrane, allowing for faster condensation.
  • the sweep gas carries transport and condensation of the gas passing through the separator, and specifically, an inert gas such as nitrogen and argon may be used (c of FIG. 1).
  • SGMD is equipped with a separate collecting device for collecting the sweep gas, and when separating the gas other than the liquid is added a process for separating the gas from the sweep gas.
  • the VMD (Vacuum MD) is a method of using a vacuum gas to increase the flux by forming a higher pressure difference by applying a gas in the vacuum toward the treated water.
  • VMD requires a separate device to install a closed chamber on the treated water side of the module to maintain the internal environment in a vacuum state and to collect water vapor that has passed through the membrane (FIG. 1 d).
  • the method for minimizing the temperature gradient inside the membrane distillation module according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferable not to significantly change the shape of the membrane distillation module generally used in the art and to reduce the effect of membrane distillation.
  • the phase change material or warm medium is preferably encapsulated and embedded in the capsule so as not to affect the membrane distillation when the state changes.
  • the content of the phase change material or warm medium in the capsule is not particularly limited and is preferably internalized to a degree that does not affect the shape of the capsule when the state changes.
  • the component composition for forming the capsule is preferably selected in consideration of the reactivity with seawater, the reactivity on the film distillation process conditions (temperature, pressure, time) and the like.
  • the encapsulated phase change material or warm medium has a diameter of 5 mm or more, preferably 5 mm to 50 mm. When the diameter is less than 5 mm, the hollow fiber membrane may be damaged to reduce the efficiency of membrane distillation.
  • the phase change material may be selected from the group consisting of CaCl 2 .6H 2 O, Na 2 SO 4 .10H 2 O, C 28 H 58 (Octacosane), CH 3 COONa.3H 2 O (Sodium Acetate Trihydrate), and paraffin waxes. It may be more than one species.
  • the warm medium may be at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium acetate supersaturated solution, sodium thiosulfate supersaturated solution, and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate.
  • the phase change material or warm medium increases the temperature of the seawater by heat generated as the phase changes from the liquid phase to the solid phase in the membrane distillation module. Specifically, the membrane distillation module is lowered as the temperature of the heated seawater flowing from the upper portion is lowered to lower the membrane distillation efficiency.
  • the efficiency of the membrane distillation is improved by minimizing the temperature gradient inside the membrane distillation module by raising the temperature of the seawater by the heat generation of the phase change material causing the phase change to a certain temperature. .
  • the warm medium when the warm medium flows in, the warm medium causes phase change due to the collision between the warm mediums, and the temperature of the seawater is increased by the heat generation, thereby minimizing the temperature gradient inside the membrane distillation module, thereby improving the efficiency of the membrane distillation.
  • a ferroelectric layer may be formed on the inner surface of the body.
  • the ferroelectric layer may be formed by bonding a ferroelectric on a film or coating a composition containing a ferroelectric.
  • the ferroelectric is not particularly limited to those commonly used, but specifically, BaO-PbO-Nd 2 O 3 -Bi 2 O 3 -TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , MgTiO 3 -CaTiO 3 , (Zr, Sn) TiO 4 , BaTi 4 O 9 , Ba 2 Ti 9 O 20, and one or more selected from the group consisting of xCaTiO 3 — (1-x) (La, Nb, Sm) AlO 3 (where 0.54 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.82) may be used. Can be. Considering the dielectric constant effect in the microwave region, xCaTiO 3- (1-x) (La, Nb, Sm) AlO 3 (where 0.54 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.82) is preferable.
  • microwave generators are mounted on the inner side of the body.
  • the microwave generator is generally used in the art and is not particularly limited.
  • Microwaves are irradiated from the microwave generator, and the irradiated microwaves heat the ferroelectric to minimize the temperature gradient inside the membrane distillation module.
  • the desalination production apparatus by membrane distillation is a device for producing fresh water using a membrane distillation module in which steam is moved through the separation membrane of the pore using the pressure difference of the steam as a driving force, generated in the membrane distillation module Included is a heat exchanger equipped with a module that generates power using steam.
  • the steam moving unit into which the steam generated in the membrane distillation module is introduced the seawater moving unit into which the seawater supplied from the seawater storage tank is introduced, and is disposed between the steam moving unit and the seawater moving unit, and one side is in contact with the steam moving unit and the other side is connected to the seawater moving unit. It may be provided with a heat exchanger having a thermoelectric generator module in contact.
  • the heat exchange device is applicable to the structure generally employed in the art, it can be easily formed by those skilled in the art, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the thermoelectric generator module may include a thin film thermoelectric device, and the thin film thermoelectric device may use a maximum cooling temperature of 40 to 80 ° C. in consideration of a temperature difference between steam generated in a film distillation module and seawater supplied from a seawater storage tank. .
  • the thin film thermoelectric device may be a product of Nextreme, Kyrotherm, or Microplet.
  • thermoelectric power module has wires connected to both ends of the thin film thermoelectric device. When the wire is connected, a potential is generated by the temperature difference between steam and seawater generated in the membrane distillation module to produce electricity.
  • the thin film thermoelectric device may include a plurality of wires, and it is preferable to include as many wires as the number of the thin film thermoelectric devices.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil pour produire de l'eau douce par distillation membranaire et, plus particulièrement, un appareil pour produire de l'eau douce par distillation membranaire, qui est un appareil permettant de produire de l'eau douce à l'aide d'un module de distillation membranaire dans lequel la vapeur se déplace à travers une membrane de séparation ayant des pores fins, au moyen d'une différence de pression de vapeur agissant comme force d'entraînement, et est apte à améliorer l'efficacité de production d'eau douce et de maximiser le rendement énergétique, en réduisant au minimum le gradient de température à l'intérieur du module de distillation membranaire ou comprenant un dispositif d'échange de chaleur ayant un module qui utilise la vapeur générée dans le module de distillation membranaire pour produire de l'énergie électrique.
PCT/KR2016/002958 2016-03-24 2016-03-24 Appareil de production d'eau douce par distillation membranaire Ceased WO2017164440A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/KR2016/002958 WO2017164440A1 (fr) 2016-03-24 2016-03-24 Appareil de production d'eau douce par distillation membranaire

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/KR2016/002958 WO2017164440A1 (fr) 2016-03-24 2016-03-24 Appareil de production d'eau douce par distillation membranaire

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WO2017164440A1 true WO2017164440A1 (fr) 2017-09-28

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108285185A (zh) * 2018-03-21 2018-07-17 华南理工大学 一种模块化太阳能中空纤维膜海水淡化器及其淡化方法
US11969691B1 (en) * 2024-01-10 2024-04-30 King Faisal University Clean water production with enhanced electricity
RU2820646C1 (ru) * 2019-12-10 2024-06-07 Наносайзд Свиден Аб Мембранный дистиллятор и способ его работы
US12303837B2 (en) 2022-09-16 2025-05-20 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals Thermoelectric air gap membrane distillation system and process
US12427482B2 (en) 2019-12-10 2025-09-30 Nanosized Sweden Ab Membrane distiller and operation method therefore

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20030021027A (ko) * 2001-09-05 2003-03-12 송동주 해수의 담수화 장치
KR100576843B1 (ko) * 2005-01-17 2006-05-10 한국기계연구원 열전소자를 이용한 분별증류장치
KR20070006809A (ko) * 2004-04-01 2007-01-11 스테리스 인코퍼레이티드 증발기용 가열장치
KR20080082627A (ko) * 2005-11-11 2008-09-11 볼프강 하인쯜 멤브레인 증류 프로세스 및 멤브레인 증류 장치
KR20140036972A (ko) * 2012-09-18 2014-03-26 가부시키가이샤 고베 세이코쇼 발전 장치와 담수화 장치를 조합한 시스템

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20030021027A (ko) * 2001-09-05 2003-03-12 송동주 해수의 담수화 장치
KR20070006809A (ko) * 2004-04-01 2007-01-11 스테리스 인코퍼레이티드 증발기용 가열장치
KR100576843B1 (ko) * 2005-01-17 2006-05-10 한국기계연구원 열전소자를 이용한 분별증류장치
KR20080082627A (ko) * 2005-11-11 2008-09-11 볼프강 하인쯜 멤브레인 증류 프로세스 및 멤브레인 증류 장치
KR20140036972A (ko) * 2012-09-18 2014-03-26 가부시키가이샤 고베 세이코쇼 발전 장치와 담수화 장치를 조합한 시스템

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108285185A (zh) * 2018-03-21 2018-07-17 华南理工大学 一种模块化太阳能中空纤维膜海水淡化器及其淡化方法
RU2820646C1 (ru) * 2019-12-10 2024-06-07 Наносайзд Свиден Аб Мембранный дистиллятор и способ его работы
RU2820646C9 (ru) * 2019-12-10 2024-07-22 Наносайзд Свиден Аб Мембранный дистиллятор и способ его работы
US12427482B2 (en) 2019-12-10 2025-09-30 Nanosized Sweden Ab Membrane distiller and operation method therefore
US12303837B2 (en) 2022-09-16 2025-05-20 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals Thermoelectric air gap membrane distillation system and process
US12415164B2 (en) 2022-09-16 2025-09-16 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals Air gap distillation system and heat exchanger
US11969691B1 (en) * 2024-01-10 2024-04-30 King Faisal University Clean water production with enhanced electricity

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