WO2017164302A1 - Ti-Nb合金スパッタリングターゲット及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
Ti-Nb合金スパッタリングターゲット及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017164302A1 WO2017164302A1 PCT/JP2017/011696 JP2017011696W WO2017164302A1 WO 2017164302 A1 WO2017164302 A1 WO 2017164302A1 JP 2017011696 W JP2017011696 W JP 2017011696W WO 2017164302 A1 WO2017164302 A1 WO 2017164302A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/34—Gas-filled discharge tubes operating with cathodic sputtering
- H01J37/3411—Constructional aspects of the reactor
- H01J37/3414—Targets
- H01J37/3426—Material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/3407—Cathode assembly for sputtering apparatus, e.g. Target
- C23C14/3414—Metallurgical or chemical aspects of target preparation, e.g. casting, powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a Ti—Nb alloy sputtering target suitable for forming a barrier layer in a wiring of a semiconductor integrated circuit and a manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly to a Ti—Nb alloy sputtering target manufactured by a melting method and a manufacturing method thereof.
- Ta As a barrier material for Cu wiring, Ta is expensive due to the high cost of its raw material, and alternative materials such as relatively inexpensive Nb and Ti, which has a proven record as a barrier material for Al wiring, are constantly being studied. ing. However, as wiring miniaturization progresses, the characteristics that exceed Ta have not been obtained while the required characteristics have become stricter. However, in recent years, the movement of using Co material as a Cu wiring liner material has accelerated, and the paired Ta has the possibility of changing the material. Furthermore, pure Ti materials for metal gates are also required to have heat resistance due to thinning, and the momentum of alloy addition is increasing in the same way as the transition from Ni to NiPt. Alloy addition elements in Ti such as Al and Nb have been put into practical use or evaluated at the test level, but Ta, which has been studied from a relatively early stage, has been studied again.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose that a barrier film made of a titanium alloy is formed between an insulating film and a conductive layer (wiring).
- Patent Documents 4 to 6 disclose Ti alloy sputtering targets.
- Patent Documents 4 and 6 are targets based on powder metallurgy, and there is a problem of characteristic deterioration due to the oxygen content described above.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a Ti alloy sputtering target produced by a melt casting method, but this technique suggests melting ultra-high melting point Nb and Ti material having a melting point difference close to 800 ° C. by vacuum skull melting.
- this technique suggests melting ultra-high melting point Nb and Ti material having a melting point difference close to 800 ° C. by vacuum skull melting.
- improvement of target characteristics there is no recognition of the problems related to the uniformity of dissolution and the problems related to the oxygen content due to the selection of raw materials, and no mention is made regarding improvement of target characteristics.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a Ti—Nb alloy sputtering target capable of suppressing particles generated during sputtering.
- a Ti—Nb alloy sputtering target capable of reducing Vickers hardness by reducing the oxygen concentration of the target and reducing the amount of particles generated due to oxygen during sputtering. Is an issue.
- the relative density is 99.9% or more, The Ti—Nb alloy sputtering target according to any one of 1) to 6).
- the present invention reduces the oxygen concentration in a Ti—Nb sputtering target produced by melt casting, thereby reducing the hardness of the target and reducing the amount of particles caused by oxygen during sputtering. can do.
- the decrease in hardness can improve the workability and machinability of the target, and excellent surface properties can be obtained, so that it is possible to suppress abnormal discharge caused by processing marks on the target surface.
- the present invention is a Ti—Nb alloy sputtering target produced by a melt casting method, and its constituent components are composed of Nb: 0.1 to 30 at%, the remainder: Ti and inevitable impurities.
- Nb content is less than 0.1 at%, the effect of improving the film quality (adhesion, heat resistance) of the Ti film cannot be obtained, while the Nb content exceeds 30 at%, Unmelted Nb is generated in the melting Nb, making it difficult to homogenize the material. Therefore, the Nb content is within this range.
- the oxygen content can be reduced compared to the powder sintering method.
- further oxygen reduction is possible by adjusting the raw material shape.
- the oxygen content can be achieved up to 400 wtppm or less.
- the variation in the oxygen content can be within 20%. If the variation in oxygen concentration exceeds 20%, the hardness in the target surface also varies, and a uniform surface property cannot be obtained. In order to suppress the variation in oxygen content, it is necessary to make the raw material of Nb (melting point: 2469 ° C.), which is a refractory metal material, as fine as possible. Therefore, it is very important to adjust the input material size. In the present invention, the problem of conflicting oxygen content and its variation is solved by strictly controlling the size as described later.
- the variation in the oxygen content is 9 locations in the target plane (1 location in the center, 4 locations at 1 ⁇ 2 radius on the two perpendicular diameters, and 4 locations 10 mm inside from the outer periphery.
- the oxygen content of each small piece (0.5 to 1 g) collected from (1) is measured using the LECO method.
- variation in oxygen content is computed from the following formula
- Oxygen content variation (%) (maximum value ⁇ minimum value) / average value ⁇ 100
- the Ti—Nb alloy sputtering target of the present invention preferably has a Vickers hardness of 400 Hv or less. More preferably, it is 300 Hv or less, More preferably, it is 200 Hv or less. The lower the Vickers hardness, the easier the plastic working, cutting, etc., and the better the finished shape of the target. A good surface property has an excellent effect that generation of particles during sputtering can be suppressed.
- the hardness of a metal or alloy usually decreases as the purity increases, it is conceivable to increase the refining ability and reduce impurities in order to obtain a low-hardness material.
- oxygen is a gas component and unlike other metal impurities, there is a limit to the reduction in the normal purification process.
- the present invention focuses on oxygen in the target (raw material), and realizes a high hardness target by reducing the oxygen concentration as much as possible even if the purity is 4N to 5N.
- the Vickers hardness of the Ti—Nb alloy sputtering target preferably has a variation within 10% within the target plane. If the in-plane variation of the Vickers hardness is more than 10%, the surface property changes depending on the location, and there is a possibility that uniform film formation becomes difficult.
- the surface roughness Ra of the sputtering target is preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the hardness of the Ti—Nb alloy target can be reduced, so that cutting can be easily performed and the target has excellent surface properties with a surface roughness Ra of 1.0 ⁇ m or less. Can be produced. Thus, film formation characteristics can be improved.
- the surface roughness of the present invention is 9 locations in the plane of the target (1 location in the center, 4 locations at 1 ⁇ 2 radius on the two orthogonal diameters, and 10 mm inside from the outer periphery. About 4 positions), each surface roughness is measured using the measuring method of the surface property of JIS B 0601, and is averaged.
- the purity is preferably 4N (99.99%) or more and 5N (99.999%) or less.
- purity 4N is analyzed by glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS), and the total value of Na, Al, Si, K, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Zr is less than 100 ppm. It means that. This is because if a large amount of impurities is contained, the film quality is deteriorated and desired film characteristics may not be obtained.
- the Ti—Nb alloy has a relationship in which the purity and the hardness are proportional, and the hardness can be lowered by increasing the purity. In the present invention, as shown in FIG.
- the purity is determined by slicing a portion 10 mm inside from the top surface or bottom surface of the ingot (target material) with a thickness of 2 mm to produce a disk-shaped sample, and a small piece (2 mm ⁇ 2 mm) from the center of the sample. X15 mm) is collected, analyzed by GDMS, and the impurity content is measured.
- the purity notation that contains Ta may be about 2N, but the presence of Ta does not hinder the characteristics of the barrier application.
- the Nb purity can be calculated from the metal impurities excluding Ta as described above.
- the density is higher than that produced by sintering powder.
- the relative density of the sintered body (target material) is about 97%, but in the present invention, a relative density of 99.9% or more can be achieved.
- Such a high-density target can contribute to particle suppression.
- the relative density in the present invention is represented by the ratio of the measured evaluation density of Ti—Nb evaluated by the Archimedes method to the theoretical density of Ti—Nb, as represented by the following formula.
- Relative density (%) (Archimedes density / theoretical density) ⁇ 100
- the theoretical density of Ti—Nb is expressed by the following equation when the ratio of Nb atoms in the target is N (%).
- Theoretical density (g / cm 3 ) (4787-45.04 ⁇ N) / (1061 ⁇ 0.227 ⁇ N)
- the Ti—Nb alloy sputtering target of the present invention can be produced by the following method.
- a Ti raw material having a purity of 4N or higher and an Nb raw material having a purity of 4N or higher are prepared so as to have a desired atomic ratio.
- the oxygen concentration increases when the surface area of the raw material is large, it is preferable to use a raw material with a small surface area.
- the Ti material is preferably tiled with a thickness of 1 mm to 5 mm and 10 mm square to 50 mm square, and the Nb material is 0.5 mm to 2 mm thick, 2 mm to 50 mm wide, and the length is appropriately selected.
- a plate-like or ribbon-like shape is preferable.
- the raw material having such a shape can be produced by adjusting the end material produced by cutting and grinding each metal material ingot to a certain size. In addition, after that, in order to remove the adhered dirt, washing, degreasing, and pickling as necessary are performed.
- the raw material is put into a vacuum skull melting furnace equipped with a water-cooled copper crucible of ⁇ 150 mm ⁇ 200 mmL and melted.
- the Nb raw material is added in multiple portions. This can be dissolved even when the Nb content is 0.1 to 3 at% simultaneously with the Ti material.
- the Nb content is in the range of 3 to 30 at%, the above-mentioned multiple times of follow-up is possible. This is because the uniformity of the dissolved material (including oxygen in the material) can be kept good by performing the addition of the Nb material by addition.
- the melt synthesis of a low Nb composition it is possible to promote the melt synthesis of a low Nb composition and maintain the fluidity of the melt at a melt temperature much lower than the Nb melting point of 2469 ° C., and Ti exposed to a high temperature near the melting point of Nb.
- the composition can be precisely controlled without scattering and volatilizing (melting point 1668 ° C.).
- the Ti—Nb alloy ingot is produced by cooling the Ti—Nb alloy melt prepared by melting all the raw materials prepared for the target composition in a water-cooled copper crucible. Thereafter, the ingot is hot forged at 700 to 1200 ° C., and then hot rolled at 700 to 1000 ° C. If necessary, secondary forging and secondary rolling can be performed.
- the present invention is not particularly limited by the above steps, and the number and temperature of forging and rolling can be appropriately selected for adjusting the shape and structure.
- the surface of the plastic-processed Ti—Nb alloy is machined such as cutting and polishing to finish the surface properties as desired.
- a Ti—Nb alloy sputtering target having the features of the present invention can be manufactured. And such a target can suppress generation
- Example 1 A 30 mm square, 2 mm thick Ti raw material (purity 4N or more) and a ribbon-like Nb raw material (purity 4N or more excluding Ta) having a width of 10 mm and a length of 1 mm are prepared, and these are 99.9 at% Ti.
- the Nb was weighed so as to be 0.1 at% and put into a melting furnace. Next, this was subjected to vacuum skull melting with an output that would dissolve the Ti material to form a Ti—Nb alloy, and then the molten alloy was cooled in a water-cooled copper crucible. Next, this Ti—Nb alloy ingot was hot forged at 700 ° C. and then hot rolled at 700 ° C. Thereafter, the plastic-processed Ti—Nb alloy was subjected to machining such as cutting and polishing to finish a desired surface property.
- the oxygen content was 380 wtppm (variation: 18%)
- the relative density was 100%
- the Vickers hardness was 150 Hv (variation: 10%)
- the surface roughness Ra was 0.4 ⁇ m.
- the sputtering conditions were as follows: the input power was 15 kW, the Ar gas flow rate was 8 sccm, 75 kWhr of pre-sputtering was performed, and then a film was formed on a 12-inch diameter silicon substrate for 15 seconds.
- the number of particles having a size of 0.1 ⁇ m or more adhered on the substrate was three. Further, as a result of performing a heat resistance test (heating at 700 ° C.) on the formed film, no peeling or the like was observed, and good adhesion and heat resistance were exhibited.
- Example 2 A 30 mm square, 2 mm thick Ti raw material (purity of 4 N or more) and a ribbon-shaped Nb raw material (purity excluding Ta of 4 N or more) of 10 mm width, 50 mm length and 1 mm thickness are prepared. It weighed so that it might become 2at%, and it injected into the melting furnace. Next, this was subjected to vacuum skull melting with an output that would dissolve the Ti material to form a Ti—Nb alloy, and then the molten alloy was cooled in a water-cooled copper crucible. Next, this Ti—Nb alloy ingot was hot forged at 700 ° C. and then hot rolled at 700 ° C. Thereafter, the plastic-processed Ti—Nb alloy was subjected to machining such as cutting and polishing to finish a desired surface property.
- the oxygen content was 350 wtppm (variation: 18%)
- the relative density was 100%
- the Vickers hardness was 180 Hv (variation: 10%)
- the surface roughness Ra was 0.4 ⁇ m.
- the sputtering conditions were as follows: the input power was 15 kW, the Ar gas flow rate was 8 sccm, 75 kWhr of pre-sputtering was performed, and then a film was formed on a 12-inch diameter silicon substrate for 15 seconds. The number of particles having a size of 0.1 ⁇ m or more adhered on the substrate was three. Further, as a result of performing a heat resistance test (heating at 700 ° C.) on the formed film, no peeling or the like was observed, and good adhesion and heat resistance were exhibited.
- Example 3 50 mm square, 5 mm thick Ti raw material (purity 4N or more) and 10 mm width, 50 mm length, 1 mm thick ribbon-like Nb raw material (purity excluding Ta 4N or more) are prepared. Weighed and prepared to 3at%. First, the Ti material was charged into the melting furnace, and the Nb material was set in a raw material charging mechanism for additional addition. Next, this was vacuum skull melted at an output that would dissolve the Ti material, and after confirming the dissolution of the Ti raw material, the Nb material was added in 10 portions. After forming a Ti—Nb alloy, the molten alloy was cooled in a water-cooled copper crucible.
- this Ti—Nb alloy ingot was hot forged at 1200 ° C. and then hot rolled at 1000 ° C. Thereafter, the plastic-processed Ti—Nb alloy was subjected to machining such as cutting and polishing to finish a desired surface property.
- the oxygen content was 330 wtppm (variation: 17%)
- the relative density was 100%
- the Vickers hardness was 190 Hv (variation: 8%)
- the surface roughness Ra was 0.4 ⁇ m.
- the target thus obtained was attached to a sputtering apparatus, and sputtering was performed.
- the sputtering conditions were the same as in Example 1.
- the number of particles having a size of 0.1 ⁇ m or more adhered on the substrate was five. Further, as a result of performing a heat resistance test (heating at 700 ° C.) on the formed film, no peeling or the like was observed, and good adhesion and heat resistance were exhibited.
- Example 4 50 mm square, 5 mm thick Ti raw material (purity 4N or higher) and 10 mm width, 50 mm length, 1 mm thick ribbon Nb raw material (purity 4N or higher excluding Ta) are prepared. It prepared by weighing so that it might become 10 at%. First, the Ti material was charged into the melting furnace, and the Nb material was set in a raw material charging mechanism for additional addition. Next, this was vacuum skull melted at an output that would dissolve the Ti material, and after confirming the dissolution of the Ti raw material, the Nb material was added in 10 portions. After forming a Ti—Nb alloy, the molten alloy was cooled in a water-cooled copper crucible.
- this Ti—Nb alloy ingot was hot forged at 1200 ° C. and then hot rolled at 1000 ° C. Thereafter, the plastic-processed Ti—Nb alloy was subjected to machining such as cutting and polishing to finish a desired surface property.
- the oxygen content was 260 wtppm (variation: 15%)
- the relative density was 100%
- the Vickers hardness was 220 Hv (variation: 8%)
- the surface roughness Ra was 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the target thus obtained was attached to a sputtering apparatus, and sputtering was performed.
- the sputtering conditions were the same as in Example 1.
- the number of particles having a size of 0.1 ⁇ m or more adhered on the substrate was nine. Further, as a result of performing a heat resistance test (heating at 700 ° C.) on the formed film, no peeling or the like was observed, and good adhesion and heat resistance were exhibited.
- Example 5 50 mm square, 5 mm thick Ti raw material (purity 4N or higher) and 10 mm width, 50 mm length, 1 mm thick ribbon Nb raw material (purity 4N or higher excluding Ta) are prepared. It prepared by weighing so that it might become 20at%. First, the Ti material was charged into the melting furnace, and the Nb material was set in a raw material charging mechanism for additional addition. Next, this was vacuum skull melted at an output that would dissolve the Ti material, and after confirming the dissolution of the Ti raw material, the Nb material was added in 10 portions. After forming a Ti—Nb alloy, the molten alloy was cooled in a water-cooled copper crucible.
- this Ti—Nb alloy ingot was hot forged at 1200 ° C. and then hot rolled at 1000 ° C. Thereafter, the plastic-processed Ti—Nb alloy was subjected to machining such as cutting and polishing to finish a desired surface property.
- the oxygen content was 200 wtppm (variation: 9%)
- the relative density was 100%
- the Vickers hardness was 360 Hv (variation: 8%)
- the surface roughness Ra was 0.7 ⁇ m.
- the target thus obtained was attached to a sputtering apparatus, and sputtering was performed.
- the sputtering conditions were the same as in Example 1.
- the number of particles having a size of 0.1 ⁇ m or more adhered on the substrate was seven. Further, as a result of performing a heat resistance test (heating at 700 ° C.) on the formed film, no peeling or the like was observed, and good adhesion and heat resistance were exhibited.
- Example 6 50 mm square, 5 mm thick Ti raw material (purity 4N or higher) and 10 mm width, 50 mm length, 1 mm thick ribbon Nb raw material (purity 4N or higher excluding Ta) are prepared. Weighed and prepared to be 30 at%. First, the Ti material was charged into the melting furnace, and the Nb material was set in a raw material charging mechanism for additional addition. Next, this was vacuum skull melted at an output that would dissolve the Ti material, and after confirming the dissolution of the Ti raw material, the Nb material was added in 10 portions. After forming a Ti—Nb alloy, the molten alloy was cooled in a water-cooled copper crucible.
- this Ti—Nb alloy ingot was hot forged at 1200 ° C. and then hot rolled at 1000 ° C. Thereafter, the plastic-processed Ti—Nb alloy was subjected to machining such as cutting and polishing to finish a desired surface property.
- the oxygen content was 160 wtppm (variation: 6%)
- the relative density was 100%
- the Vickers hardness was 390 Hv (variation: 7%)
- the surface roughness Ra was 0.8 ⁇ m.
- the target thus obtained was attached to a sputtering apparatus, and sputtering was performed.
- the sputtering conditions were the same as in Example 1.
- the number of particles having a size of 0.1 ⁇ m or more adhered on the substrate was six. Further, as a result of performing a heat resistance test (heating at 700 ° C.) on the formed film, no peeling or the like was observed, and good adhesion and heat resistance were exhibited.
- Comparative Example 1 Prepare Ti raw material (purity 4N or more) and Nb raw material (purity 4N or more excluding Ta) of 60mm square and 10mm thickness, and weigh them so that Ti is 99.9at% and Nb is 0.1at% And put into a melting furnace. First, the Ti material was charged into the melting furnace, and the Nb material was set in a raw material charging mechanism for additional addition. Next, this was vacuum skull dissolved at an output that would dissolve the Ti material, and after confirming the dissolution of the Ti raw material, the square Nb material was added all at once. Thereafter, the molten alloy was cooled in a water-cooled copper crucible. Next, this Ti—Nb alloy ingot was hot forged at 700 ° C.
- the composition varied in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 at%, the relative density could not be measured, the oxygen content was 360 wtppm (variation: 20%), the Vickers hardness was 220 Hv. (Variation 23%).
- a Ti raw material (purity of 4N or higher) and Nb raw material (purity of 4N or higher excluding Ta) of 60 mm square and 10 mm thickness were prepared and weighed and prepared such that Ti was 90 at% and Nb was 10 at%.
- the Ti material was charged into the melting furnace, and the Nb material was set in a raw material charging mechanism for additional addition.
- this Ti—Nb alloy ingot was hot forged at 1000 ° C. and then hot rolled at 1000 ° C. However, unmelted Nb material was observed, and slight cracking occurred during forging or rolling.
- the composition varied within a range of 5 to 40 at%, the relative density could not be measured, the oxygen content was 280 wtppm (variation: 30%), the Vickers hardness was 220 Hv (variation: 30 %).
- the composition varied in the range of 8 to 75 at%, the relative density could not be measured, the oxygen content was 220 wtppm (variation: 31%), the Vickers hardness was 330 Hv (variation: 30 %).
- Comparative Example 4 Ti powder and Nb powder were prepared so as to have an atomic composition ratio of 70:30, and these were mixed, and then sintered by holding at a temperature of 1300 ° C. for 2 hours by vacuum hot pressing. Thereafter, this Ti—Nb alloy sintered body was subjected to mechanical processing such as grinding and polishing, and finished to a desired surface property.
- oxygen content, relative density, Vickers hardness, and surface roughness were investigated. As a result, the oxygen content was 1500 wtppm (variation: 25%), relative density 98%, Vickers hardness 450 Hv (variation: 16%), and surface roughness Ra 1.2 ⁇ m.
- the target thus obtained was attached to a sputtering apparatus, and sputtering was performed.
- the sputtering conditions were the same as in Example 1.
- the number of particles having a size of 0.1 ⁇ m or more adhered on the substrate was 1200. Further, as a result of performing a heat resistance test (heating at 700 ° C.) on the formed film, peeling was observed.
- Comparative Example 5 A Ti raw material and an Nb raw material were prepared so as to have an atomic composition ratio of 90:10, and these were pulverized by an atomizing process, and then held and sintered at a temperature of 1300 ° C. for 2 hours by vacuum hot pressing. Thereafter, this Ti—Nb alloy sintered body was subjected to mechanical processing such as grinding and polishing, and finished to a desired surface property. About the sputtering target obtained by the above process, oxygen content, relative density, Vickers hardness, and surface roughness were investigated.
- the oxygen content was 800 wtppm (variation: 15%), the relative density was 98%, the Vickers hardness was 420 Hv (variation: 10%), and the surface roughness Ra was 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the target thus obtained was attached to a sputtering apparatus, and sputtering was performed.
- the sputtering conditions were the same as in Example 1.
- the number of particles having a size of 0.1 ⁇ m or more adhered on the substrate was 350. Further, as a result of performing a heat resistance test (heating at 700 ° C.) on the formed film, peeling was observed.
- the present invention is a Ti—Nb alloy tantalum sputtering target, which has a low oxygen content, low hardness, and is easy to process and has good surface properties, and therefore can suppress generation of particles during sputtering. It has an excellent effect.
- the present invention is useful as Ti—Nb alloy sputtering suitable for forming a thin film for element wiring of a semiconductor integrated circuit.
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Abstract
Description
一方、素子を構成する材料については大きな技術革新のないまま、改良を重ねる形で主要材料に合金元素を添加する等に留まり、2000年頃に導入されたCu配線および拡散バリア材のTaは、今もなお主流となっている。またゲート電極の周辺においても、Ti、Ni合金、Wなどが主な材料として踏襲されている。中でも、Tiは、LSIを構成する材料として歴史が古く、Al配線の拡散バリア材として使用され、また、ゲート電極のサリサイド用、あるいはメタルゲート材として各所に使用されていた。
ところが近年、Co材料をCu配線ライナー材として使用する動きが加速して、対になるTaも材料変更の可能性がでてきた。さらに、メタルゲート用の純Ti材料も、細線化による耐熱性が求められ、NiからNiPtへの移行と同じように合金添加の機運が高まっている。Tiにおける合金添加元素はAlやNbなどが実用化、又は試験レベルで評価されているが、比較的早い時期から検討されていたTaについても再度検討されるようになってきている。
以下に、LSI用拡散バリア層としてのTi合金に関する先行技術を提示する。特許文献1~3には、絶縁膜と導電層(配線)との間にチタン合金からなるバリア膜を形成することが開示されている。また、特許文献4~6には、Ti合金スパッタリングターゲットが開示されている。
しかし、特許文献4、6は粉末冶金法によるターゲットであり、上述の酸素含有量に起因する特性劣化という問題がある。特許文献5は、溶解鋳造法で作製したTi合金スパッタリングターゲットを開示するが、この技術は、超高融点Nbと800℃近い融点差を持つTi材料とを真空スカル溶解で溶解することを示唆するのみであり、その溶解の均一性に関する問題点や、原料選定による酸素含有量に関する問題点等について認識はなく、ターゲットの特性改善に関する言及は一切なされていない。
1)Nbを0.1~30at%含有し、残余がTi及び不可避的不純物からなるスパッタリングターゲットであって、酸素含有量が400wtppm以下であることを特徴とするTi-Nb合金スパッタリングターゲット。
2)酸素含有量のばらつきが20%以内であることを特徴とする上記1)記載のTi-Nb合金スパッタリングターゲット。
3)ビッカース硬さが400Hv以下であることを特徴とする上記1)又は2)記載のTi-Nb合金スパッタリングターゲット。
4)ビッカース硬さのばらつきが10%以内であることを特徴とする上記3)記載のTi-Nb合金スパッタリングターゲット。
5)表面粗さRaが1.0μm以下であることを特徴とする上記1)~4)のいずれか一に記載のTi-Nb合金スパッタリングターゲット。
6)純度が4N以上であることを特徴とする上記1)~5)のいずれか一に記載のTi-Nb合金スパッタリングターゲット
7)相対密度が99.9%以上であることを特徴とする上記1)~6)のいずれか一に記載のTi-Nb合金スパッタリングターゲット。
8)厚さ1mm以上5mm以下、10mm角以上50mm角以下のTi材と、厚さ0.5mm以上2mm以下、幅2mm以上50mm以下のNb材を用意し、次に、前記Ti材を真空溶解炉に投入して溶解した後、Nb材を添加してTi-Nbを合金化し、次に、この合金溶湯を坩堝にて鋳造してインゴットを作製し、得られたTi-Nb合金インゴットをターゲット形状に塑性加工することを特徴とするTi-Nb合金スパッタリングターゲットの製造方法。
9)Ti材を真空溶解炉に投入して溶解した後、Nb材を複数回に分けて添加することを特徴とする上記8)記載のTi-Nb合金スパッタリングターゲットの製造方法。
式:酸素含有量のばらつき(%)=(最大値-最小値)/平均値×100
式:ビッカース硬度のばらつき(%)=(最大値-最小値)/平均値×100
なお、本発明の表面粗さは、図1の通り、ターゲットの面内9箇所(中心1箇所、直行する2本の直径上の、半径の1/2の位置4箇所及び外周より10mm内側の位置4箇所)について、JIS B 0601の表面性状の測定方法を用いてそれぞれの表面粗さを測定し、平均する。
なお、Nb原料は、一般にTa不純物を除去することが難しいため、Taを含んだ純度表記をすると2N程度となることがあるが、Taの存在はバリア用途の特性を阻害することはないため、Nb純度は、上記のようにTaを除いた金属不純物から算出することができる。
式:相対密度(%)=(アルキメデス密度/理論密度)×100
ここで、Ti-Nbの理論密度は、ターゲット中のNb原子の割合をN(%)とした場合、以下の式によって表される。
式:理論密度(g/cm3)=(4787-45.04×N)/(1061-0.227×N)
このようにして、低Nb組成の溶解合成を促進させ、Nb融点2469℃よりもはるかに低い溶解温度で溶湯の流動性を維持させることも可能となり、Nbの融点付近の高温に曝されたTi(融点1668℃)が飛散、揮発することなく、組成を精密に制御することができる。
30mm角、2mm厚さのTi原料(純度4N以上)と、10mm幅、50mm長さ1mm厚さのリボン状Nb原料(Ta除く純度4N以上)を用意し、これらをTiが99.9at%、Nbが0.1at%となるように秤量して、溶解炉に投入した。次に、これをTi材が溶解するような出力で真空スカル溶解して、Ti-Nb合金とした後、この合金溶湯を水冷銅坩堝中で冷却した。次に、このTi-Nb合金インゴットを700℃で熱間鍛造した後、700℃で熱間圧延を施した。その後、この塑性加工したTi-Nb合金を切削、研磨などの機械加工をして、所望の表面性状に仕上げた。
30mm角、2mm厚さのTi原料(純度4N以上)と、10mm幅、50mm長さ1mm厚さのリボン状Nb原料(Ta除く純度4N以上)を用意し、これらをTiが98at%、Nbが2at%となるように秤量して、溶解炉に投入した。次に、これをTi材が溶解するような出力で真空スカル溶解して、Ti-Nb合金とした後、この合金溶湯を水冷銅坩堝中で冷却した。次に、このTi-Nb合金インゴットを700℃で熱間鍛造した後、700℃で熱間圧延を施した。その後、この塑性加工したTi-Nb合金を切削、研磨などの機械加工をして、所望の表面性状に仕上げた。
50mm角、5mm厚さのTi原料(純度4N以上)および10mm幅、50mm長さ、1mm厚さのリボン状Nb原料(Ta除く純度4N以上)を用意し、これらをTiが97at%、Nbが3at%となるように秤量して準備した。溶解炉にはまずTi材を投入し、Nb材は追い添加用の原料投入機構へセットした。次に、これをTi材が溶解するような出力で真空スカル溶解して、Ti原料の溶解を確認後、10回に分けてNb材を添加した。Ti-Nb合金とした後、この合金溶湯を水冷銅坩堝中で冷却した。次に、このTi-Nb合金インゴットを1200℃で熱間鍛造した後、1000℃で熱間圧延を施した。その後、この塑性加工したTi-Nb合金を切削、研磨などの機械加工をして、所望の表面性状に仕上げた。
50mm角、5mm厚さのTi原料(純度4N以上)および10mm幅、50mm長さ、1mm厚さのリボン状Nb原料(Ta除く純度4N以上)を用意し、これらをTiが90at%、Nbが10at%となるように秤量して準備した。溶解炉にはまずTi材を投入し、Nb材は追い添加用の原料投入機構へセットした。次に、これをTi材が溶解するような出力で真空スカル溶解して、Ti原料の溶解を確認後、10回に分けてNb材を添加した。Ti-Nb合金とした後、この合金溶湯を水冷銅坩堝中で冷却した。次に、このTi-Nb合金インゴットを1200℃で熱間鍛造した後、1000℃で熱間圧延を施した。その後、この塑性加工したTi-Nb合金を切削、研磨などの機械加工をして、所望の表面性状に仕上げた。
50mm角、5mm厚さのTi原料(純度4N以上)および10mm幅、50mm長さ、1mm厚さのリボン状Nb原料(Ta除く純度4N以上)を用意し、これらをTiが80at%、Nbが20at%となるように秤量して準備した。溶解炉にはまずTi材を投入し、Nb材は追い添加用の原料投入機構へセットした。次に、これをTi材が溶解するような出力で真空スカル溶解して、Ti原料の溶解を確認後、10回に分けてNb材を添加した。Ti-Nb合金とした後、この合金溶湯を水冷銅坩堝中で冷却した。次に、このTi-Nb合金インゴットを1200℃で熱間鍛造した後、1000℃で熱間圧延を施した。その後、この塑性加工したTi-Nb合金を切削、研磨などの機械加工をして、所望の表面性状に仕上げた。
50mm角、5mm厚さのTi原料(純度4N以上)および10mm幅、50mm長さ、1mm厚さのリボン状Nb原料(Ta除く純度4N以上)を用意し、これらをTiが70at%、Nbが30at%となるように秤量して準備した。溶解炉にはまずTi材を投入し、Nb材は追い添加用の原料投入機構へセットした。次に、これをTi材が溶解するような出力で真空スカル溶解して、Ti原料の溶解を確認後、10回に分けてNb材を添加した。Ti-Nb合金とした後、この合金溶湯を水冷銅坩堝中で冷却した。次に、このTi-Nb合金インゴットを1200℃で熱間鍛造した後、1000℃で熱間圧延を施した。その後、この塑性加工したTi-Nb合金を切削、研磨などの機械加工をして、所望の表面性状に仕上げた。
60mm角、10mm厚さの、Ti原料(純度4N以上)とNb原料(Ta除き純度4N以上)を用意し、これらをTiが99.9at%、Nbが0.1at%となるように秤量して、溶解炉に投入した。溶解炉にはまずTi材を投入し、Nb材は追い添加用の原料投入機構へセットした。次に、これをTi材が溶解するような出力で真空スカル溶解して、Ti原料の溶解を確認後、角型のNb材を一度に添加した。その後、この合金溶湯を水冷銅坩堝中で冷却した。次に、このTi-Nb合金インゴットを700℃で熱間鍛造した後、700℃で熱間圧延を施したが、Nb材の溶け残りにより鍛造中あるいは圧延中に割れを生じ、ターゲット材への加工ができなかった。
なお、この材料を分析したところ、組成が0.1~0.4at%の範囲でばらつき、また、相対密度の測定が不能な他、酸素含有量360wtppm(ばらつき:20%)、ビッカース硬さ220Hv(ばらつき23%)となった。
60mm角、10mm厚さの、Ti原料(純度4N以上)とNb原料(Ta除く純度4N以上)を用意し、これらをTiが90at%、Nbが10at%となるように秤量して準備した。溶解炉にはまずTi材を投入し、Nb材は追い添加用の原料投入機構へセットした。次に、これをTi材が溶解するような出力で真空スカル溶解して、Ti原料の溶解を確認後、角型のNb材を一度に添加した。次に、このTi-Nb合金インゴットを1000℃で熱間鍛造した後、1000℃で熱間圧延を施した。しかし、Nb材の溶け残りが見られ、鍛造中あるいは圧延中に軽度の割れを発生した。
なお、この材料を分析したところ、組成が5~40at%の範囲でばらつき、また、相対密度の測定が不能な他、酸素含有量280wtppm(ばらつき:30%)、ビッカース硬さ220Hv(ばらつき:30%)となった。
30mm角、2mm厚さの、Ti原料(純度4N以上)とNb原料(Ta除く純度4N以上)を用意し、これらをTiが70at%、Nbが30at%となるように秤量して、溶解炉に投入した。溶解炉にはまずTi材を投入し、Nb材は追い添加用の原料投入機構へセットした。次に、これをTi材が溶解するような出力で真空スカル溶解して、Ti原料の溶解を確認後、角型のNb材を一度に添加した。次に、これをNb材が溶解するような出力で真空スカル溶解したが、Ti材の飛散が激しく、Tiは減量し、所定の組成から逸脱してしまった。
なお、この材料を分析したところ、組成が8~75at%の範囲でばらつき、また、相対密度の測定が不能な他、酸素含有量220wtppm(ばらつき:31%)、ビッカース硬さ330Hv(ばらつき:30%)となった。
Ti粉末とNb粉末とを70:30の原子組成比になるよう準備し、これらを混合した後、真空ホットプレスにより1300℃の温度で2時間保持し焼結させた。その後、このTi-Nb合金焼結体を研削、研磨などの機械加工をして、所望の表面性状に仕上げた。
以上の工程によって得られたスパッタリングターゲットについて、酸素含有量、相対密度、ビッカース硬さ、表面粗さについて調べた。その結果、酸素含有量1500wtppm(ばらつき:25%)、相対密度98%、ビッカース硬さ450Hv(ばらつき:16%)、表面粗さRa1.2μmであった。このようにして得られたターゲットをスパッタ装置に取り付け、スパッタリングを行った。なお、スパッタリングの条件は実施例1と同一とした。基板上に付着した0.1μm以上の大きさのパーティクル数は1200個であった。また、形成した膜について耐熱試験(700℃で加熱)を行った結果、剥離が観察された。
Ti原料とNb原料を90:10の原子組成比になるよう準備し、これらをアトマイズ処理によって粉末化したのちに真空ホットプレスにより1300℃の温度で2時間保持し焼結させた。その後、このTi-Nb合金焼結体を研削、研磨などの機械加工をして、所望の表面性状に仕上げた。
以上の工程によって得られたスパッタリングターゲットについて、酸素含有量、相対密度、ビッカース硬さ、表面粗さについて調べた。その結果、酸素含有量800wtppm(ばらつき:15%)、相対密度98%、ビッカース硬さ420Hv(ばらつき:10%)、表面粗さRa1.0μmであった。このようにして得られたターゲットをスパッタ装置に取り付け、スパッタリングを行った。なお、スパッタリングの条件は実施例1と同一とした。基板上に付着した0.1μm以上の大きさのパーティクル数は350個であった。また、形成した膜について耐熱試験(700℃で加熱)を行った結果、剥離が観察された。
Claims (9)
- Nbを0.1~30at%含有し、残余がTi及び不可避的不純物からなるスパッタリングターゲットであって、酸素含有量が400wtppm以下であることを特徴とするTi-Nb合金スパッタリングターゲット。
- 酸素含有量のばらつきが20%以内であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のTi-Nb合金スパッタリングターゲット。
- ビッカース硬さが400Hv以下であることを特徴とする上記1)又は2)記載のTi-Nb合金スパッタリングターゲット。
- ビッカース硬さのばらつきが10%以内であることを特徴とする請求項3記載のTi-Nb合金スパッタリングターゲット。
- 表面粗さRaが1.0μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のTi-Nb合金スパッタリングターゲット。
- 純度が4N以上であることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のTi-Nb合金スパッタリングターゲット
- 相対密度が99.9%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のTi-Nb合金スパッタリングターゲット。
- 厚さ1mm以上5mm以下、10mm角以上50mm角以下のTi材と、厚さ0.5mm以上2mm以下、幅2mm以上50mm以下のNb材を用意し、次に、前記Ti材を真空溶解炉に投入して溶解した後、Nb材を添加してTi-Nbを合金化し、次に、この合金溶湯を水冷銅坩堝にて鋳造してインゴットを作製し、得られたTi-Nb合金インゴットをターゲット形状の塑性加工することを特徴とするTi-Nb合金スパッタリングターゲットの製造方法。
- Ti材を真空溶解炉に投入して溶解した後、Nb材を複数回に分けて添加することを特徴とする請求項8記載のTi-Nb合金スパッタリングターゲットの製造方法。
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- 2017-03-23 EP EP17770342.8A patent/EP3418422B1/en active Active
- 2017-03-23 KR KR1020187026284A patent/KR102236414B1/ko active Active
- 2017-03-23 US US16/088,118 patent/US11837449B2/en active Active
- 2017-03-23 SG SG11201808205QA patent/SG11201808205QA/en unknown
- 2017-03-24 TW TW106109928A patent/TWI721139B/zh active
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| WO2024236783A1 (ja) * | 2023-05-17 | 2024-11-21 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | チタン材料、医療用部材、歯科インプラント構成部材およびダイヤセンサー収納用カプセル |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TWI721139B (zh) | 2021-03-11 |
| KR102236414B1 (ko) | 2021-04-05 |
| EP3418422B1 (en) | 2022-06-22 |
| SG11201808205QA (en) | 2018-10-30 |
| EP3418422A4 (en) | 2019-10-30 |
| EP3418422A1 (en) | 2018-12-26 |
| TW201805461A (zh) | 2018-02-16 |
| JP6440866B2 (ja) | 2018-12-19 |
| US11837449B2 (en) | 2023-12-05 |
| US20190115196A1 (en) | 2019-04-18 |
| KR20180110111A (ko) | 2018-10-08 |
| JPWO2017164302A1 (ja) | 2018-03-29 |
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