WO2017164072A1 - 水性塗料組成物 - Google Patents
水性塗料組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017164072A1 WO2017164072A1 PCT/JP2017/010712 JP2017010712W WO2017164072A1 WO 2017164072 A1 WO2017164072 A1 WO 2017164072A1 JP 2017010712 W JP2017010712 W JP 2017010712W WO 2017164072 A1 WO2017164072 A1 WO 2017164072A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
- C09D175/14—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C09D133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C09D133/062—Copolymers with monomers not covered by C09D133/06
- C09D133/066—Copolymers with monomers not covered by C09D133/06 containing -OH groups
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/36—Successively applying liquids or other fluent materials, e.g. without intermediate treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/24—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0025—Crosslinking or vulcanising agents; including accelerators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
- C08K5/053—Polyhydroxylic alcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08K5/103—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids with polyalcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C09D133/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing halogen, nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen atoms in addition to the carboxy oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D167/00—Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D171/00—Coating compositions based on polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D171/02—Polyalkylene oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D201/00—Coating compositions based on unspecified macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
- C09D5/022—Emulsions, e.g. oil in water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water-based coating composition.
- VOC volatile organic compounds
- water-based paints have a high latent heat of vaporization of water, which is a solvent, and a high polarity, so the painting work width (allowable temperature and humidity conditions for painting workability) is narrow, and the paint environment is more appropriate than organic solvent paints. Energy costs (such as air conditioning in the paint booth environment) are also required, and therefore, there is a demand for cost reduction in air conditioning in the paint environment.
- the sagging property under low temperature environment can be improved by increasing the solid content concentration of the water-based paint, but there is a problem that the finished appearance (smoothness etc.) of the coating film under high temperature environment is lowered. .
- an undercoat film excellent in corrosion resistance For the purpose of imparting excellent corrosion resistance and appearance to the automobile body, particularly its outer plate, in general, it is an undercoat film excellent in corrosion resistance, an intermediate coating film excellent in smoothness and chipping resistance, and appearance.
- a multilayer coating film composed of a top coating film excellent in resistance to environmental load is formed.
- paints for automobile intermediate coating are resistant to chipping (chipping: paint film damage caused by pebbles etc. on the road flying off and colliding with the paint film), undercoat paint film, etc. It is required to have excellent adhesion, storage stability, finished appearance, and paint workability (waxing resistance, sagging resistance), etc., but taking into account the recent water-based and further environmental impact reductions. The market needs to be cleared at a high level.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a high solid emulsion resin having a viscosity of 30 to 10000 mPa ⁇ s at an E-type viscometer of 1 rpm (25 ° C.) and a solid content of 55 to 65% by weight, and An aqueous resin composition containing a curing agent, wherein the high solid emulsion resin is obtained by emulsion polymerization of an ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated monomer mixture having a hydroxyl value of 10 to 150 and an acid value of 5 to 50. Two types of resin particles having different volume average particle diameters are contained, and the volume average particle diameter of the first resin particles is larger than the volume average particle diameter of the second resin particles.
- the water-based high solid type thermosetting wherein the resin particles have a volume average particle diameter of 0.2 to 1.5 ⁇ m and the second resin particles have a volume average particle diameter of 0.05 to 0.4 ⁇ m. Resin group Things have been disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an aqueous solution containing particles of at least one resin selected from the group consisting of polyaddition resins, polycondensation resins, addition condensation resins, ring-opening polymerization resins, and addition polymerization resins.
- a coating composition comprising a dispersion; wherein the particles have at least two peaks in a particle size distribution curve; at least one of the peaks is a polyaddition resin, a polycondensation resin, an addition Consists of at least one resin selected from the group consisting of condensation resins and ring-opening polymerization resins; the coating composition is a dispersion satisfying one or both of the specific condition (i) and the specific condition (ii)
- a coating composition characterized by the above is disclosed.
- compositions described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 can improve the sagging property in a low-temperature (and high-humidity) environment by increasing the solid content, but the composition is high in temperature (and low and low). Humidity) The finished appearance (smoothness, etc.) of the coating film under the environment was reduced, and the coating work width was narrow and sometimes insufficient. Moreover, these compositions may have insufficient coating film performance such as chipping resistance.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a high solid content aqueous coating composition having a wide coating work width and excellent coating performance such as finished appearance and chipping resistance.
- the present inventors have found that resin particles having a specific average particle diameter, polyoxyalkylene group-containing polyols and / or diester compounds having a specific number average molecular weight, and crosslinking It was found that the above-mentioned object can be achieved by using an aqueous coating composition in which the content ratio of the total amount of the polyoxyalkylene group-containing polyol and diester compound is within a specific range, and the present invention has been completed. It was.
- the present invention includes the following aspects.
- Item 1 resin particles (A) having an average particle diameter of 300 to 1000 nm, Containing a polyoxyalkylene group-containing polyol (B) and / or diester compound (C) having a number average molecular weight of 300 to 2000, and a crosslinking agent (D),
- the diester compound (C) is represented by the following formula (1),
- R 1 s represent a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms which may be the same or different from each other.
- R 2 represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- m represents an integer of 3 to 25.
- the m oxyalkylene units (R 2 —O) may be the same as or different from each other.
- the total solid content of the polyoxyalkylene group-containing polyol (B) and diester compound (C) is the solid content of the resin particles (A), the polyoxyalkylene group-containing polyol (B), the diester compound (C), and the crosslinking agent (D).
- a water-based coating composition which is 5 to 25% by mass relative to the total amount of components.
- Item 2 The aqueous solution according to Item 1, wherein the resin particles (A) are at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic resin particles (A1), urethane resin particles (A2), and acrylic urethane composite resin particles (A3). Paint composition.
- the total solid content of the resin particles (A) is 15 with respect to the total solid content of the resin particles (A), the polyoxyalkylene group-containing polyol (B), the diester compound (C), and the crosslinking agent (D).
- Item 3 The water-based coating composition according to Item 1 or 2, which is ⁇ 50 mass%.
- Item 4 an article having a coating film of the aqueous coating composition according to any one of Items 1 to 3.
- Item 5 A method for forming a coating film comprising applying the aqueous coating composition according to any one of Items 1 to 3 to an object to be coated.
- Item 6 (1) A step of coating the article to be coated with the aqueous coating composition according to any one of Items 1 to 3 to form a first base coat film, (2) a step of applying a water-based base coat coating composition on the uncured first base coat film to form a second base coat film; (3) a step of applying a clear coat coating composition on the uncured second base coat film to form a clear coat film; and (4) the uncured first base coat film and second base coat.
- a method for forming a multilayer coating film comprising a step of simultaneously heating and curing a coating film and a clearcoat coating film.
- the aqueous coating composition of the present invention is mainly characterized by containing resin particles having an average particle diameter of 300 to 1000 nm, a polyoxyalkylene group-containing polyol having a number average molecular weight of 300 to 2000 and / or a diester compound. is there.
- the resin particles generally have an average particle size larger than that of resin particles used in water-based paints for automobiles that require a high level of finished appearance.
- Resin particles having a large particle diameter have a low cohesive force between resin particles, and the volume of voids between resin particles is large in a dispersed state in an aqueous medium, and other paint components having a smaller particle diameter than the resin particles.
- the coating film since it has a polyoxyalkylene group-containing polyol having a specific number average molecular weight range having a hydroxyl group as a reactive group as a low molecular weight component, it can suppress a decrease in leveling properties of the coating film due to high solid differentiation, A coating film having excellent finished appearance such as smoothness and excellent coating film performance such as chipping resistance can be obtained.
- the dispersibility of the hydrophobic component in the aqueous coating material in particular in the aqueous medium is improved. Therefore, an aqueous coating composition excellent in the storage stability of the coating material and the finished appearance of the coating film can be obtained. It is thought that it can be obtained.
- aqueous coating composition of the present invention it is possible to obtain a high solids aqueous coating composition having a wide coating work width and excellent coating performance such as finished appearance and chipping resistance. There is an effect.
- the aqueous coating composition of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “present coating”) Resin particles (A) having an average particle diameter of 300 to 1000 nm, Containing a polyoxyalkylene group-containing polyol (B) and / or diester compound (C) having a number average molecular weight of 300 to 2000, and a crosslinking agent (D),
- the total solid content of the polyoxyalkylene group-containing polyol (B) and diester compound (C) is The aqueous coating composition is 5 to 25% by mass based on the total solid content of the resin particles (A), the polyoxyalkylene group-containing polyol (B), the diester compound (C) and the crosslinking agent (D).
- the resin particle (A) (which may be described as “component (A)” in the present specification) is not particularly limited as long as the average particle diameter is 300 to 1000 nm.
- the resin include acrylic resin, urethane resin, acrylic urethane composite resin, polyester resin, and epoxy resin.
- acrylic resin particles (A1), urethane resin particles (A2), and acrylic urethane composite resin particles (A3) can be suitably used as the resin particles (A).
- the resin particles (A) preferably have a crosslinkable functional group such as a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, or an epoxy group.
- the average particle diameter of the resin particles (A) is 300 to 1000 nm, particularly 350 to 950 nm, more preferably 400 to 900 nm, from the viewpoint of high solid differentiation.
- the average particle diameter (hereinafter sometimes referred to as particle diameter) can be measured using a general measuring means such as laser light scattering.
- the average particle diameter of the resin particles is a value measured at 20 ° C. after diluting with deionized water by a conventional method using a submicron particle size distribution measuring apparatus.
- a submicron particle size distribution measuring device for example, “COULTER N4 type” (trade name, manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.) can be used.
- the hydroxyl value is preferably 1 to 150 mgKOH / g, more preferably 2 to 100 mgKOH / g, and still more preferably 5 to 90 mgKOH / g.
- the acid value is preferably 0 to 100 mgKOH / g, more preferably 0 to 50 mgKOH / g, and 0 to 30 mgKOH / g. More preferably.
- the resin particles (A) may have a core / shell type structure.
- Shell part means the polymer layer present in the outermost layer of the resin particles
- core part means the polymer layer of the resin particle inner layer excluding the shell part
- core / shell type structure means the above It means a structure having a core part and a shell part.
- the core / shell type structure is generally a layer structure in which the core part is completely covered with the shell part. However, depending on the mass ratio of the core part and the shell part, the monomer amount of the shell part may be a layer structure.
- the core / shell structure can be obtained, for example, by reacting monomer compositions having different compositions in multiple stages.
- the resin particles (A) have an acid group
- neutralization with a neutralizing agent is preferable from the viewpoint of improving water dispersibility in order to facilitate mixing and dispersion in water during water dispersion. .
- neutralizing agent examples include hydroxides of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide; ammonia; ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, Primary monoamine compounds such as cyclohexylamine, monoethanolamine, isopropanolamine, neopentanolamine, 2-aminopropanol, 3-aminopropanol, 2-amino-2-methylpropanol; diethylamine, dibutylamine, diethanolamine, dipropyl Secondary monoamine compounds such as amine, diisopropanolamine, N-methylethanolamine, N-ethylethanolamine, N-methylisopropanolamine; triethylamine, tributylamine, dimethyl ester Tertiary monoamine compounds such as ruethanolamine, diethylethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, dimethylamino
- primary monoamine compounds secondary monoamine compounds, tertiary monoamine compounds and polyamine compounds are preferably used.
- the viscosity of the resin particles (A) in the form of an aqueous dispersion is 1 to 2000 mPa ⁇ s, particularly 1 to 1000 mPa ⁇ s, more particularly 1 to 500 mPa ⁇ s as measured with a B-type viscometer (# 1, 6 rpm). It is preferable from a viewpoint of the ease of handling that it is in the range.
- the acrylic resin particles (A1) may be either synthesized by emulsion polymerization or synthesized by solution polymerization, and both may be used together, but resin particles having an average particle diameter of 300 nm to 1000 nm are used. From the viewpoint of obtaining, those synthesized by emulsion polymerization can be preferably used.
- the emulsion polymerization can be performed by a conventionally known method such as a seed polymerization method or a miniemulsion polymerization method. For example, by emulsion polymerization of a polymerizable unsaturated monomer using a polymerization initiator in the presence of an emulsifier. ,It can be carried out.
- the emulsifier may be carried out by dissolving the emulsifier in water or an aqueous medium containing an organic solvent such as alcohol, if necessary, and dropping the polymerizable unsaturated monomer and the polymerization initiator under heating and stirring. It can.
- a polymerizable unsaturated monomer emulsified in advance using an emulsifier and water can be similarly dropped.
- an anionic emulsifier and a nonionic emulsifier are suitable.
- the anionic emulsifier include sodium salts and ammonium salts such as alkylsulfonic acid, alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, and alkylphosphoric acid.
- Nonionic emulsifiers include, for example, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether, polyoxyethylene phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene Ethylene octylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene monolaurate, polyoxyethylene monostearate, polyoxyethylene monooleate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan trioleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono Laurate and the like.
- a polyoxyalkylene group-containing anionic emulsifier having an anionic group and a polyoxyalkylene group such as a polyoxyethylene group or a polyoxypropylene group in one molecule, or the anionic group and a polymerizable non-polymerizable in one molecule.
- a reactive anionic emulsifier having a saturated group can also be used.
- the amount of the emulsifier used is preferably 0.1 to 15% by mass, particularly 0.5 to 10% by mass, more preferably 1 to 5% by mass, based on the total amount of all monomers used.
- polymerization initiator examples include benzoyl peroxide, octanoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, stearoyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxylaurate, and tert-butyl peroxy.
- Organic peroxides such as isopropyl carbonate, tert-butyl peroxyacetate, diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide; azobisisobutyronitrile, azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), azobis (2-methylpropiononitrile), azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile), 4,4′-azobis (4-cyanobutanoic acid), dimethylazobis (2-methylpropionate), azobis [2-methyl-N- (2-hydride) Azo compounds such as xyethyl) -propionamide], azobis ⁇ 2-methyl-N- [2- (1-hydroxybutyl)]-propionamide ⁇ ; persulfates such as potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, etc.
- persulfates such as potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, etc.
- polymerization initiators can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the polymerization initiator may be used in combination with a reducing agent such as sugar, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, iron complex or the like to form a redox initiator.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used is generally about 0.1 to 5% by mass, particularly about 0.2 to 3% by mass, based on the total amount of all monomers used.
- the method for adding the polymerization initiator is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the type and amount thereof. For example, it may be previously contained in a monomer mixture or an aqueous medium, or may be added all at once during the polymerization, or may be added dropwise.
- a chain transfer agent can be used for the purpose of adjusting the molecular weight of the resulting acrylic resin particles (A1).
- the chain transfer agent include compounds having a mercapto group. Specific examples include lauryl mercaptan, t-dodecyl mercaptan, octyl mercaptan, 2-ethylhexyl thioglycolate, 2-methyl-5-tert-butylthio. Examples thereof include phenol, mercaptoethanol, thioglycerol, mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid), mercaptopropionate, n-octyl-3-mercaptopropionate, and the like.
- the amount used is generally in the range of 0.05 to 10% by weight, particularly 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total amount of all monomers used. Is preferred.
- the reaction temperature is mainly determined by the kind of the polymerization initiator. For example, it is preferably 60 to 90 ° C. for an azo compound and 30 to 70 ° C. for a redox initiator. In general, the reaction time can be from 1 to 8 hours.
- polymerizable unsaturated monomer conventionally known monomers can be used.
- a reactive group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer and other polymerizable unsaturated monomers can be used.
- Examples of the reactive group of the reactive group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer include a hydroxyl group, an acid group, a carbonyl group, an N-methylol alkyl ether group, an isocyanate group, an epoxy group, an amino group, an alkoxysilyl group, a carbodiimide group, and a hydrazide. And functional groups having reactivity such as groups.
- (meth) acrylate means both acrylate and methacrylate.
- hydroxyl group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer examples include 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate, and ⁇ -caprolactone-modified tetrahydro.
- 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, and ⁇ -caprolactone-modified hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate can be preferably used.
- Examples of the acid group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer include a carboxyl group or an acid anhydride group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer.
- Examples of the polymerizable unsaturated monomer containing a carboxyl group or an acid anhydride group include unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, ⁇ -carboxyethyl acrylate, or the like. Mention may be made of anhydrides. Of these, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid can be preferably used.
- Examples of the acid group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer other than a carboxyl group or an acid anhydride group include 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid sodium salt, sulfoethyl methacrylate, and a sodium salt or ammonium salt thereof.
- carbonyl group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomers include, for example, acrolein, diacetone acrylamide, diacetone methacrylamide, formyl styrene and vinyl alkyls having 4 to 7 carbon atoms such as vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl ethyl ketone and vinyl butyl ketone. A ketone etc. can be mentioned. Of these, diacetone acrylamide and diacetone methacrylamide are particularly preferable.
- N-methylol alkyl ether group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer examples include N-methylol acrylamide butyl ether.
- the isocyanate group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer is a compound having at least one unblocked isocyanate group and a radical polymerizable double bond in one molecule, and includes, for example, methacryloyl isocyanate, 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, m- or p-isopropenyl- ⁇ , ⁇ '-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate, or a 1: 1 (molar ratio) adduct of a hydroxyl group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer and a diisocyanate compound (for example, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and isophorone) And equimolar adducts with diisocyanate).
- a diisocyanate compound for example, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and isophorone
- epoxy group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer examples include glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, CYCLOMER A-200 (alicyclic epoxy group-containing monomer), CYCLOMER M-100 (alicyclic epoxy group-containing monomer), and the like. Can do.
- amino group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer examples include dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropylacrylamide and dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide.
- alkoxysilyl group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer examples include vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltripropoxysilane, vinyltributoxysilane, (meth) acryloyloxymethyltrimethoxysilane, and (meth) acryloyloxyethyl.
- Trimethoxysilane ⁇ - (meth) acryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ - (meth) acryloyloxypropyltriethoxysilane, (meth) acryloyloxyethyltriethoxysilane, (meth) acryloyloxypropyltributoxysilane, vinyltris- ⁇ -methoxyethoxysilane, divinylmethoxysilane, divinyldi- ⁇ -methoxyethoxysilane and the like can be mentioned.
- polymerizable unsaturated monomers include, for example, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, etc.
- alkyl esters of (meth) acrylic acid having C4 to C24 carbon atoms can be suitably used from the viewpoint of smoothness and sharpness of the resulting coating film.
- the acrylic resin particles (A1) may be cross-linked resin particles, and the cross-linked resin particles use, for example, a polymerizable unsaturated monomer having two or more polymerizable unsaturated groups in a molecule as a monomer component. Can be obtained.
- Examples of the polymerizable unsaturated monomer having two or more polymerizable unsaturated groups in one molecule include allyl (meth) acrylate, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, triethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, and tetraethylene glycol.
- These monomers can be used alone or in combination
- Examples of the polymerizable unsaturated monomer having two or more polymerizable unsaturated groups in one molecule include allyl (meth) acrylate, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, and 1,4-butanediol di (meth). Acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, and 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate can be preferably used.
- the glass transition temperature of the acrylic resin particles (A1) is preferably ⁇ 50 to 80 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 50 to 60 ° C., and even more preferably ⁇ 40 to 60 ° C. from the viewpoint of the smoothness of the resulting coating film. .
- the glass transition temperature of a monomer not described in the literature which is a value according to Grulk ed. (1999), was synthesized such that a homopolymer of the monomer had a weight average molecular weight of about 50,000, and its glass transition temperature. was measured by differential scanning thermal analysis.
- the average particle size of the acrylic resin particles (A1) can be adjusted by adjusting the particle size control factors such as monomer composition, type of emulsifier, amount of emulsifier, preparation distribution of emulsifier, type of neutralizer, amount of neutralizer, etc.
- the desired average particle diameter can be obtained.
- the solid content is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of high solid differentiation and dispersion stability, the solid content is preferably 25 to 70% by mass, particularly 30 to 60% by mass.
- Urethane resin particles (A2) can generally be obtained from components that include a polyisocyanate component and a polyol component.
- polyisocyanate component examples include alicyclic diisocyanate, aromatic diisocyanate, aliphatic diisocyanate, and polyisocyanate having three or more isocyanate groups in one molecule.
- alicyclic diisocyanate examples include isophorone diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate, trans-1,4-cyclohexyl diisocyanate, and norbornene diisocyanate.
- isophorone diisocyanate and dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of improving the organic solvent swelling resistance of the resulting coating film.
- aromatic diisocyanates examples include tolylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, 3,3′-dimethyldiphenyl-4,4 ′.
- -Diisocyanate dianisidine diisocyanate, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate and the like.
- aliphatic diisocyanate examples include 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4 and / or (2,4,4) -trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate, and the like.
- polyisocyanates having three or more isocyanate groups in one molecule include, for example, isocyanurate trimers, burette trimers, trimethylolpropane adducts of the above-mentioned diisocyanates; triphenylmethane triisocyanate, 1- Examples include tri- or higher functional polyisocyanates such as methylbenzole-2,4,6-triisocyanate and dimethyltriphenylmethane tetraisocyanate. These isocyanate compounds are modified by carbodiimide modification, isocyanurate modification, biuret modification and the like. It may be used in the form of a thing.
- the above polyisocyanate may be used in the form of a blocked isocyanate blocked with a blocking agent.
- polystyrene resin examples include polycarbonate polyol, polyol having an ester bond, polycaprolactone polyol, polyether polyol, low molecular polyol, polybutadiene polyol, and silicone polyol.
- Polycarbonate polyol is a compound obtained by a polycondensation reaction of a known polyol and a carbonylating agent by a conventional method.
- the polyol include polyhydric alcohols such as diols and trihydric or higher alcohols.
- diol examples include 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9- Linear diols such as nonanediol and 1,10-decanediol; 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, Neopentyl glycol, 2-ethyl-1,6-hexanediol, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-1,8 Branched diols such as octanediol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, 2-ethyl-1,3-
- trihydric or higher alcohols examples include glycerin, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolpropane dimer, pentaerythritol and the like. These trivalent or higher alcohols can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the carbonylating agent known ones can be used. Specific examples include alkylene carbonate, dialkyl carbonate, diallyl carbonate, phosgene, and the like, and one of these can be used or a combination of two or more can be used. Among these, preferred are ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, diphenyl carbonate and the like.
- polyol having an ester bond examples include polyester polyol and polyester polycarbonate polyol.
- polyester polyol As the above-mentioned polyester polyol, a direct esterification reaction between a polyhydric alcohol and an ester-forming derivative such as a polycarboxylic acid having an amount less than the stoichiometric amount of the polyhydric alcohol or an ester, an anhydride, or a halide thereof; The thing obtained by transesterification can be mentioned.
- an ester-forming derivative such as a polycarboxylic acid having an amount less than the stoichiometric amount of the polyhydric alcohol or an ester, an anhydride, or a halide thereof.
- polyhydric alcohol examples include ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, and 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol.
- polyvalent carboxylic acid or an ester-forming derivative thereof examples include oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, 2-methylsuccinic acid 2-methyladipic acid, 3-methyladipic acid, 3-methylpentanedioic acid, 2-methyloctanedioic acid, 3,8-dimethyldecanedioic acid, 3,7-dimethyldecanedioic acid, hydrogenated dimer acid, Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as dimer acid, aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2- Cyclohexanedicarboxylic
- polycaprolactone polyol examples include ring-opening polymerization products of caprolactone such as polycaprolactone diol.
- Examples of the low molecular polyol include the polyhydric alcohols exemplified for the polyester polyol.
- polyether polyols examples include ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide adducts of the above low molecular polyols, polytetramethylene glycol, and the like.
- silicone polyol examples include silicone oils having a hydroxyl group at the terminal having a siloxane bond in the molecule.
- a carboxyl group-containing diol can be used as the polyol component.
- the carboxyl group-containing diol is used for introducing a hydrophilic group into the polyurethane molecule.
- the hydrophilic group is a carboxyl group. Specific examples include dimethylolpropionic acid, dimethylolbutanoic acid, dimethylolbutyric acid, dimethylolvaleric acid, and the like.
- an amine component can be used as necessary.
- examples of the amine component include monoamine compounds and diamine compounds.
- the monoamine compound is not particularly limited, and well-known general monoamine compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the monoamine compounds include alkylamines such as ethylamine, propylamine, 2-propylamine, butylamine, 2-butylamine, tert-butylamine, and isobutylamine; aromatic amines such as aniline, methylaniline, phenylnaphthylamine, and naphthylamine; cyclohexylamine , Cycloaliphatic amines such as methylcyclohexylamine; ether amines such as 2-methoxyethylamine, 3methoxypropylamine, 2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethylamine; ethanolamine, propanolamine, butylethanolamine, 1-amino-2 -Methyl-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methylpropanol, diethanolamine, diisopropanol
- the diamine compound is not particularly limited, and a known general diamine compound can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the diamine compound include low molecular diamines in which the alcoholic hydroxyl group of the above-described low molecular diols such as ethylene diamine and propylene diamine is substituted with amino groups; polyether diamines such as polyoxypropylene diamine and polyoxyethylene diamine Mensenediamine, isophoronediamine, norbornenediamine, bis (4-amino-3-methyldicyclohexyl) methane, diaminodicyclohexylmethane, bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, 3,9-bis (3-aminopropyl) 2,4 , 8,10-tetraoxaspiro (5,5) undecane, etc .; m-xylenediamine, ⁇ - (m / paminophenyl) ethylamine, m-phenylenedi
- an internal branching agent and an internal crosslinking agent that give a polyurethane molecule may be used.
- these internal branching agents and internal crosslinking agents trivalent or higher polyols can be preferably used, and examples thereof include trimethylolpropane.
- the production method of the urethane resin particles (A2) is not particularly limited, and a known general method can be applied.
- a production method a method of synthesizing a prepolymer or a polymer in a solvent inert to the reaction and having a large affinity for water, and then feeding this into water to disperse it is preferable.
- a method of synthesizing a prepolymer from a polyisocyanate component and a polyol component in the solvent and reacting it with an amine component used as necessary in water (ii) a polyisocyanate component, a polyol component
- a method of synthesizing a polymer from an amine component used as necessary, and feeding and dispersing the polymer in water can be exemplified.
- the neutralizing agent component used as needed may be added beforehand to the water to feed, and may be added after feed.
- Examples of the solvent that is inert to the reaction and has a high affinity for water used in the above preferred production method include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and the like. . These solvents can be used in an amount of 3 to 100% by mass based on the total amount of the above-mentioned raw materials usually used for producing a prepolymer or polymer.
- the mixing ratio is not particularly limited.
- the blending ratio can be replaced with the molar ratio of the isocyanate group in the polyisocyanate component at the stage of reaction to the isocyanate reactive group in the polyol component and the amine component.
- the coating film adhesion and the coating film strength may be reduced when used as a coating material.
- the unreacted isocyanate group may affect the dispersion stability and physical properties of the paint. Therefore, the isocyanate reactive group is preferably 0.5 to 2.0 with respect to the isocyanate group 1.
- the molar ratio of the isocyanate reactive group in the polyol component is preferably 0.3 to 1.0, more preferably 0.5 to 0.9, relative to the isocyanate group 1 in the polyisocyanate component. Further, the molar ratio of the isocyanate-reactive group in the amine component used as necessary is preferably 0.1 to 1.0, preferably 0.2 to 0.00, with respect to the isocyanate group 1 in the polyisocyanate component. 5 is more preferable.
- the neutralization rate with the neutralizing agent used as necessary is preferably set within a range that gives sufficient dispersion stability to the urethane resin particles (A2) to be obtained. 0.5-2.0 times equivalent is preferable with respect to 1 mole number of carboxyl groups in the urethane resin particles (A2), and 0.7-1.5 times equivalent is more preferable.
- an emulsifier such as a surfactant can be used.
- emulsifiers well-known general anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, polymeric surfactants, reactive surfactants and the like used in urethane resin emulsions Can be used.
- anionic emulsifiers and nonionic emulsifiers exemplified for the acrylic resin particles (A1) can be suitably used.
- the average particle diameter of the urethane resin particles (A2) is the composition of raw materials (polyisocyanate component, polyol component, amine component, etc.), type of emulsifier, amount of emulsifier, charge distribution of emulsifier, type of neutralizer, type of neutralizer
- a desired average particle size can be obtained by adjusting the particle size control factor such as the amount.
- the solid content is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of high solid differentiation and dispersion stability, the solid content is 25 to 55% by mass, particularly 30 to 50% by mass. % Is preferred.
- the acrylic urethane resin composite particles (A3) are resin composite particles in which a urethane resin component and an acrylic resin component are present in the same micelle.
- the form of the acrylic urethane resin composite particles is not particularly limited.
- the urethane resin component ratio in the resin composite particles is 5% by mass or more from the viewpoint of chipping resistance of the obtained coating film.
- the cleaning property of the aqueous coating composition for example, cleaning of the coating machine after completion of the coating operation and removal of dirt when the coating composition adhering to the coating machine is removed.
- the weight average molecular weight of the urethane resin component in the acrylic urethane resin composite particles is within the range of about 10,000 to 100,000, and particularly about 20,000 to 80,000, from the viewpoint of chipping resistance of the resulting coating film and detergency of the aqueous coating composition. Preferably there is.
- the weight average molecular weight is preferably 10,000 or more from the viewpoint of chipping resistance of the resulting coating film. Moreover, it is preferable from a viewpoint of productivity to set it as 100,000 or less.
- the average molecular weight is “HLC-8120GPC” (trade name, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) as a gel permeation chromatograph, one “TSKgel G4000HXL” and “TSKgel G3000HXL” are used as columns.
- the urethane resin component can be synthesized using, for example, a polyisocyanate compound, a polyol, and a compound having both an active hydrogen group and an ion-forming group.
- the urethane resin component can be synthesized, for example, as follows.
- a polyisocyanate compound having no reactivity with an isocyanate group a polyisocyanate compound having no reactivity with an isocyanate group, a polyisocyanate compound, a polyol, and a compound having both an active hydrogen group and an ion-forming group are reacted to form an isocyanate group-terminated or hydroxyl-terminated urethane prepolymer.
- a polymer is formed.
- the polyol component is preferably a polyol component having a polyester polyol and / or a polyether polyol from the viewpoint of cost and the like.
- the ratio of the NCO group of the polyisocyanate compound to the active hydrogen group obtained by combining the polyol and the compound having both the active hydrogen group and the ion-forming group is 0.8: 1 to 3.0: 1 (moles). Ratio).
- the prepolymerization reaction is preferably carried out at 50 to 100 ° C., and a polymerization inhibitor such as p-methoxyphenol is added to (meth) in the presence of air in order to prevent heat-induced polymerization of the (meth) acrylate monomer described later.
- a polymerization inhibitor such as p-methoxyphenol
- the addition is preferably performed in the range of about 20 to 3000 ppm with respect to the acrylic monomer.
- organic tin compounds such as dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin dioctoate, stanas octoate, organic bismuth compounds such as tris (2-ethylhexanoic acid) bismuth (III), triethylamine, A tertiary amine compound such as triethylenediamine can be used as necessary.
- organic bismuth compounds such as tris (2-ethylhexanoic acid) bismuth (III)
- a tertiary amine compound such as triethylenediamine can be used as necessary.
- a (meth) acrylate monomer solution of an isocyanate group-terminated urethane prepolymer can be obtained.
- the polyisocyanate compound and polyol the polyisocyanate component and polyol component exemplified for the urethane resin particles (A2) can be used in the same manner.
- Examples of the compound having both the active hydrogen group and the ion forming group include a compound having two or more hydroxyl groups and one or more carboxyl groups in the molecule, two or more hydroxyl groups and one or more groups in the molecule. Examples thereof include compounds having a sulfonic acid group. This compound acts as an ion forming group in the urethane resin.
- Examples of the compound having a carboxyl group include dimethylolpropionic acid, dimethylolacetic acid, dimethylolbutanoic acid, dimethylolheptanoic acid, dimethylolnonanoic acid, 1-carboxy-1,5-pentylenediamine, dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3 , 5-diaminobenzoic acid and other alkanol carboxylic acids, and half ester compounds of polyoxypropylene triol with maleic anhydride or phthalic anhydride.
- Examples of the compound having a sulfonic acid group include 2-sulfonic acid-1,4-butanediol, 5-sulfonic acid-di- ⁇ -hydroxyethyl isophthalate, and N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) aminoethyl.
- a sulfonic acid etc. can be mentioned.
- the neutralizing agent exemplified above is used as a neutralizing agent in order to form a salt and make it hydrophilic.
- the particle diameter can be adjusted by the neutralization rate with respect to the carboxyl group or sulfonic acid.
- the neutralizing agent is preferably triethylamine or dimethylethanolamine from the viewpoint of basicity and improved water resistance.
- the acrylic resin component in the acrylic urethane resin composite particles (A3) can be obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable unsaturated monomer.
- the polymerizable unsaturated monomer As the polymerizable unsaturated monomer, the polymerizable unsaturated monomer exemplified for the acrylic resin particles (A1) can be used in the same manner.
- a polymerizable unsaturated monomer can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the acrylic resin component of the acrylic urethane resin composite particles (A3) has a hydroxyl value of 1 to 200 mgKOH / g, particularly 2 to 180 mgKOH / g, more particularly 5 to 170 mgKOH / g, from the viewpoint of excellent water resistance of the resulting coating film. It is preferable that
- the acrylic resin component of the acrylic urethane resin composite particles (A3) has an acid value of 0 to 60 mgKOH / g, particularly 0 to 50 mgKOH / g, more particularly 0, from the viewpoint of excellent smoothness and sharpness of the coating film. It is preferably ⁇ 40 mg KOH / g.
- the acrylic resin component of the acrylic urethane resin composite particles (A3) has a glass transition temperature of ⁇ 60 to 60 ° C., particularly ⁇ 55 to 50 ° C., more particularly ⁇ 50 to 50 ° C. from the viewpoint of smoothness of the resulting coating film. It is suitable that it is 40 degreeC.
- the acrylic resin component of the acrylic urethane resin composite particles (A3) may have a core-shell structure having different resin compositions in the central portion (core) and the outer shell portion (shell) as the acrylic resin component. From the viewpoint of improving the smoothness and sharpness of the resulting coating film.
- the ratio of the core / shell is 5/95 to 95/5, particularly 40/60 to solid mass ratio from the viewpoint of improving the smoothness of the coating film. It is preferably 90/10, more preferably 45/55 to 85/15.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg 1 ) of the central portion (core portion) is ⁇ 65 to ⁇ 10 ° C., particularly ⁇ 60 to ⁇ 20 ° C., more particularly ⁇ 55 to ⁇ It is preferable that it is 25 degreeC.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg 2 ) of the outer shell portion (shell) is preferably ⁇ 50 to 150 ° C., particularly ⁇ 5 to 120 ° C., more preferably 10 to 110 ° C.
- Tg 2 is greater than the Tg 1, and the difference between the Tg 2 and Tg 1, 5 ⁇ 200 °C, especially 30 ⁇ 180 ° C., preferably further in particular 50 ⁇ 160 ° C..
- a (meth) acrylate monomer When adding a (meth) acrylate monomer to the (meth) acrylate monomer solution of a urethane prepolymer obtained by forming a urethane prepolymer in a (meth) acrylate monomer that has no reactivity with the isocyanate group.
- the addition time is not particularly limited, and can be added at any time before or after the neutralization step of the urethane prepolymer described later. Further, after the neutralized urethane prepolymer is dispersed in water, a (meth) acrylate monomer can be added to the dispersion.
- the (meth) acrylic monomer solution having an isocyanate group-terminated urethane prepolymer is reacted with a (meth) acrylic monomer having an active hydrogen group reactive with the isocyanate group, thereby polymerizing the subsequent (meth) acrylic monomer.
- a grafting reaction between the urethane prepolymer and the acrylic resin can also be performed.
- a typical method for producing the acrylic urethane resin composite particles (A3) is shown below, but the production method is not limited to this method, and conventionally known methods for producing acrylic urethane resin composite particles can also be used.
- the method up to the formation of the urethane prepolymer of the urethane resin component is as described above.
- the urethane prepolymer is synthesized in a polymerizable unsaturated monomer ((meth) acrylic monomer) having no reactivity with an isocyanate group.
- the polymerizable unsaturated monomer ((meth) acrylate monomer) having no reactivity with the isocyanate group is a constituent monomer component of the acrylic resin component (when the acrylic resin component has a core-shell structure, It becomes a part or all of the central part (core part) of the acrylic resin component.
- the following methods can be performed as necessary.
- the polyoxyalkylene group-containing (meth) acrylate monomer is a polymerizable group having a hydroxyl group or an alkyleneoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms at the end and having a polyoxyethylene group and / or a polyoxypropylene group. It is a saturated monomer.
- the stability of the aqueous dispersion of the polymerizable unsaturated monomer ((meth) acrylate monomer) solution of the urethane prepolymer, or the stability when polymerizing the polymerizable unsaturated monomer ((meth) acrylate monomer) is improved. From the viewpoint, a small amount of an emulsifier can be used in combination.
- emulsifier for example, anionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants are suitable, and the emulsifiers exemplified for the acrylic resin particles (A1) can be similarly used.
- a method of dispersing an unsaturated monomer ((meth) acrylic monomer) solution of a urethane prepolymer in water dispersion by a normal stirrer is possible, but in order to obtain a uniform aqueous dispersion having a finer particle size.
- a homomixer, a homogenizer, a disper, a line mixer, etc. can be used.
- a polymerization initiator is added to this to raise the temperature, and the polymerizable unsaturated monomer within the range of the polymerization temperature of ((meth) acrylate monomer), by performing chain extension with water of the urethane prepolymer as necessary, and by polymerizing a polymerizable unsaturated monomer ((meth) acrylic monomer), An aqueous dispersion of acrylic urethane resin composite particles (A3) composed of a urethane resin component and an acrylic resin component can be obtained.
- the polymerization reaction in the aqueous dispersion can be performed by a known radical polymerization reaction.
- the polymerization initiator either a water-soluble initiator or an oil-soluble initiator can be used.
- an oil-soluble initiator it is preferable to add it beforehand to the unsaturated monomer ((meth) acrylate monomer) solution of the urethane prepolymer before making the aqueous dispersion.
- the polymerization initiator is usually preferably used in a range of 0.05 to 5% by mass with respect to the total amount of the polymerizable unsaturated monomer ((meth) acrylic monomer).
- Polymerization can be performed at a temperature of about 20 to 100 ° C. When a redox initiator is used, the polymerization can be performed at a temperature of about 75 ° C. or lower.
- the polymerization initiator As the polymerization initiator, the polymerization initiator exemplified for the acrylic resin particles (A1) can be used in the same manner.
- a polymerization initiator can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- Organic or inorganic peroxide can also be used as a redox initiator in combination with a reducing agent.
- reducing agent include L-ascorbic acid, L-sorbic acid, sodium metabisulfite, ferric sulfate, ferric chloride, Rongalite and the like.
- the method for adding the polymerization initiator is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the type and amount thereof. For example, it may be previously contained in the monomer mixture or the aqueous medium, or may be added all at once during the polymerization, or may be added dropwise. In addition, any method such as a method in which the entire amount is initially charged, a method in which the entire amount is dropped over time, a method in which a part is initially charged and the rest is added later can be used.
- a polymerization initiator can be added during the polymerization reaction or after the polymerization is once completed to further carry out the polymerization reaction. At this time, the combination of polymerization initiators can be arbitrarily selected.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used is generally about 0.1 to 5% by mass, particularly about 0.2 to 3% by mass, based on the total mass of all monomers used.
- a known chain transfer agent can be used for the purpose of adjusting the molecular weight.
- the chain transfer agent those exemplified for the acrylic resin particles (A1) can be similarly used.
- the monomer mixture forming the acrylic resin component can appropriately contain components such as the emulsifier, the polymerization initiator, the reducing agent, and the chain transfer agent as necessary.
- the monomer mixture can be dropped as it is, but it is desirable to drop the monomer mixture as a monomer emulsion obtained by dispersing the monomer mixture in an aqueous medium.
- the particle size of the monomer emulsion is not particularly limited.
- a chain extender other than water can be added as necessary to react the urethane prepolymer with the chain extender.
- a known chain extender having active hydrogen can be used as the chain extender. Specific examples include diamine compounds such as ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, cyclohexanediamine, cyclohexylmethanediamine, and isophoronediamine, and hydrazine.
- aqueous dispersion of acrylic urethane resin composite particles (A3) by adjusting the composition of each resin component (acrylic resin component, urethane resin component), reaction conditions, etc., one of the core-shell structure, the acrylic resin component and the urethane resin component An aqueous dispersion of acrylic urethane resin composite particles (A3) having a desired form such as a form in which parts or all are mixed can be obtained.
- the acrylic resin component has a core-shell structure composed of a resin composition different in the central portion (core) and the outer shell portion (shell)
- two or more kinds of polymerizable unsaturated monomers ((meth)) having different compositions are used.
- Acrylate monomer) mixture and reacting in multiple stages (for example, preparing an unsaturated monomer mixture having a different composition and adding the reaction in multiple stages for each flexible synthetic unsaturated monomer mixture)
- an aqueous dispersion of acrylic urethane resin composite particles (A3) having a core-shell structure having different resin compositions in the central portion (core) and the outer shell portion (shell) can be obtained.
- the acrylic resin component in the aqueous dispersion of the acrylic urethane resin composite particles (A3) having a core-shell structure having different resin compositions in the central portion (core) and the outer shell portion (shell), in particular, the acrylic resin
- the central part (core) of the resin component may be an aspect in which a urethane resin component is mixed.
- the average particle size of the acrylic urethane composite resin particles (A3) is the particle size of the raw material (acrylic resin component, urethane resin component, etc.) composition, emulsifier type, emulsifier amount, emulsifier charge distribution, neutralizer type, neutralizer amount, etc. By adjusting the diameter control factor, a desired average particle diameter can be obtained.
- the solid content is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of high solid differentiation and dispersion stability, the solid content is 30 to 60% by mass, particularly 35 to It is preferably 55% by mass.
- the number average molecular weight of the polyoxyalkylene group-containing polyol (B) (may be referred to as “component (B)” in the present specification) is a coating film such as a finished appearance with smoothness and sharpness, and chipping resistance. From the viewpoint of excellent performance, it is 300 to 2000, preferably 300 to 1500, and more preferably 300 to 1000.
- the hydroxyl value of the polyoxyalkylene group-containing polyol (B) is 40 to 500 mgKOH / g, particularly 80 to 450 mgKOH / g, from the viewpoint of excellent smoothness and sharpness of the finished appearance and excellent coating performance such as chipping resistance. g, more preferably 100 to 440 mg KOH / g.
- polyoxyalkylene group-containing polyol (B) examples include compounds in which an alkylene oxide is added to an active hydrogen-containing compound such as a polyhydric alcohol compound, a polyhydric phenol compound, or a polycarboxylic acid compound.
- the active hydrogen-containing compound examples include water, polyhydric alcohol compounds (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4- Dihydric alcohols such as dihydroxymethylcyclohexane and cyclohexylene glycol, glycerin, trioxyisobutane, 1,2,3-butanetriol, 1,2,3-pentanetriol, 2-methyl-1,2,3-propanetriol 2-methyl-2,3,4-butanetriol, 2-ethyl-1,2,3-butanetriol, 2,3,4-pentanetriol, 2,3,4-hexanetriol, 4-propyl-3 , 4,5-heptanetriol, 2,4-dimethyl- , 3,4-pentanetriol, pentamethylglycerin, pentaglycerin, 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,2,4-pent
- the active hydrogen-containing compound is preferably a polyhydric alcohol compound from the viewpoint of reactivity, particularly preferably a polyhydric alcohol compound having an alkylene group having 3 or more carbon atoms, and particularly an alkylene having 3 to 4 carbon atoms.
- a polyhydric alcohol compound having a group is preferred.
- dihydric to trihydric alcohols are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of smoothness and sharpness of the resulting multilayer coating film.
- polyhydric alcohol compounds among the above polyhydric alcohol compounds, among ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, glycerin and trimethylolpropane, trimethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol are used. And glycerin are preferred.
- the polyoxyalkylene group-containing polyol (B) is usually subjected to an addition reaction of alkylene oxide to the active hydrogen-containing compound in the presence of an alkali catalyst at a temperature of 60 to 160 ° C. under normal pressure or pressure by a conventional method.
- alkylene oxide examples include alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and butylene oxide. Among them, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, particularly propylene oxide can be preferably used. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more types are used in combination, the addition format may be either block or random.
- polyoxyalkylene group-containing polyol (B) polyoxyalkylene glycol can be preferably used.
- a commercially available product can be used as the polyoxyalkylene glycol, for example, as polyethylene glycol, # 300, # 400, # 600 (above, manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.); Prox MP-600 (Dainippon Ink Chemical Co., Ltd.), Prime Pole PX-1000, Sannix SP-750, Sannix PP-400, Sannix PP-600, Sannix PP-1000 (above, Sanyo Kasei) Diol-400, Diol-700, Diol-1000 (Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.); Polytetramethylene glycol is PTMG-650, PTMG-850, PTMG-1000 (Mitsubishi) Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- the diester compound (C) (which may be described as “component (C)” in the present specification) is a diester compound of polyoxyalkylene glycol and an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid.
- Diester compound (C) is represented by the following general formula (1)
- R 1 s which may be the same or different from each other have 4 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 11 carbon atoms, more preferably 5 to 9 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 6 carbon atoms.
- R 2 represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 2 or 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably 2 carbon atoms.
- m represents an integer of 3 to 25, preferably 4 to 12, and more preferably 6 to 8.
- the m oxyalkylene units (R 2 —O) may be the same as or different from each other.
- R 1 in the general formula (1) has 4 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 11 carbon atoms, More preferably, it is an alkyl group having 5 to 9 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 6 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group is a linear or branched alkyl group, particularly preferably a branched alkyl group.
- An alkyl group is preferred.
- R 1 in the general formula (1) is a branched alkyl group having 6 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the diester compound (C) can be obtained, for example, by esterifying a polyoxyalkylene glycol having two terminal hydroxyl groups and a monocarboxylic acid having a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms.
- polyoxyalkylene glycol examples include polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, a copolymer of polyethylene and propylene glycol, and polybutylene glycol. Among these, it is particularly preferable to use polyethylene glycol.
- polyoxyalkylene glycols generally have a weight average molecular weight of 100 to 1,200, preferably 150 to 600, more preferably 200 to 400.
- Examples of the monocarboxylic acid having a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms include pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, 2-ethylbutanoic acid, 3-methylpentanoic acid, benzoic acid, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, heptanoic acid, -Ethylpentanoic acid, 3-ethylpentanoic acid, octanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 4-ethylhexanoic acid, nonanoic acid, 2-ethylheptanoic acid, decanoic acid, 2-ethyloctanoic acid, 4-ethyloctanoic acid, Examples include dodecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and octadecanoic acid.
- the diesterification reaction between the polyoxyalkylene glycol and the monocarboxylic acid having a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms can be carried out by a method known per se.
- the monocarboxylic acids having 18 hydrocarbon groups can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the molecular weight of the obtained diester compound (C) is preferably 320 to 1400, particularly 450 to 1000, and more preferably 500 to 800.
- the crosslinking agent (D) (which may be described as “(D) component” in the present specification) is not particularly limited.
- the crosslinking reactive group and the hydroxyl group of the polyoxyalkylene group-containing polyol (B) have a reactivity with the crosslinking reactive group and the hydroxyl group. Agents can be used.
- crosslinking agent (D) known crosslinking agents, specifically, for example, amino resins, polyisocyanate compounds, polyhydrazide compounds, polysemicarbazide compounds, carbodiimide group-containing compounds, oxazoline group-containing compounds, epoxy compounds, polycarboxylic acids, etc. An acid etc. can be mentioned. Of these, amino resins and polyisocyanate compounds can be preferably used.
- a crosslinking agent may be used independently and may be used together 2 or more types.
- amino resin a partially methylolated amino resin or a completely methylolated amino resin obtained by a reaction between an amino component and an aldehyde component
- amino component examples include melamine, urea, benzoguanamine, acetoguanamine, steroguanamine, spiroguanamine, dicyandiamide and the like.
- aldehyde component examples include formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzaldehyde.
- etherification examples include methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, i-propyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, i-butyl alcohol, 2-ethyl-1-butanol, 2-ethyl-1 -Hexanol and the like can be mentioned.
- Melamine resin is preferred as the amino resin.
- methyl ether melamine resins in which methylol groups of partially or fully methylolated melamine resins are partially or completely etherified with methyl alcohol, methylol groups of partially or fully methylolated melamine resins are partially or completely with butyl alcohol.
- Preferred is a methyl-butyl mixed etherified melamine resin in which the methylol group of a partially or fully methylolated melamine resin is partially or completely etherified with methyl alcohol and butyl alcohol.
- Etherified melamine resins are more preferred.
- the melamine resin preferably has a weight average molecular weight of 400 to 6,000, more preferably 500 to 4,000, and still more preferably 600 to 3,000.
- a sulfonic acid such as para-toluenesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, etc.
- a neutral salt of a phosphate ester compound and an amine can be used.
- the amino resin can be used, for example, as a crosslinking agent for a resin containing a hydroxyl group.
- the polyisocyanate compound is a compound having two or more isocyanate groups in one molecule.
- polyisocyanate compound examples include aliphatic polyisocyanates, alicyclic polyisocyanates, araliphatic polyisocyanates, aromatic polyisocyanates, and derivatives of these polyisocyanates.
- aliphatic polyisocyanate examples include trimethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, 1,2-propylene diisocyanate, 1,2-butylene diisocyanate, 2,3-butylene diisocyanate, 1,3- Aliphatic diisocyanates such as butylene diisocyanate, 2,4,4- or 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,6-diisocyanatomethylcaproate, such as lysine ester triisocyanate, 1,4,8- Triisocyanatooctane, 1,6,11-triisocyanatoundecane, 1,8-diisocyanato-4-isocyanatomethyloctane, 1,3,6-triisocyanatohexane, 2 5,7 and aliphatic triisocyanate such as trimethyl-1,8-diiso
- alicyclic polyisocyanate examples include 1,3-cyclopentene diisocyanate, 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1,3-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate (common name: Isophorone diisocyanate), 4,4'-methylenebis (cyclohexyl isocyanate), methyl-2,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, methyl-2,6-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1,3- or 1,4-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane ( Common name: hydrogenated xylylene diisocyanate) or mixtures thereof, alicyclic diisocyanates such as norbornane diisocyanate, for example, 1,3,5-triisocyanatocyclohexane, 1,3 5-trimethylisocyanatocyclohexane, 2-
- araliphatic polyisocyanate examples include 1,3- or 1,4-xylylene diisocyanate or a mixture thereof, ⁇ , ⁇ ′-diisocyanato-1,4-diethylbenzene, 1,3- or 1,4-bis ( 1-isocyanato-1-methylethyl) benzene (common name: tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate) or a mixture thereof, for example, an araliphatic triisocyanate such as 1,3,5-triisocyanatomethylbenzene Etc.
- aromatic polyisocyanate examples include m-phenylene diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenyl diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, 2,4′- or 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, or a mixture thereof.
- aromatic diisocyanates such as 4,4′-toluidine diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenyl ether diisocyanate, for example, triphenylmethane-4,4 ′, 4 '' -Triisocyanate, 1,3,5-triisocyanatobenzene, aromatic triisocyanate such as 2,4,6-triisocyanatotoluene, such as diphenylmethane-2,2 ′, 5,5′-tetraisocyanate Ne And aromatic tetraisocyanates such as equal.
- aromatic diisocyanates such as 4,4′-toluidine diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenyl ether diisocyanate, for example, triphenylmethane-4,4 ′, 4 '' -Triisocyanate, 1,3,5-triisocyanatobenzene, aromatic triisocyanate such as 2,4,6-triisocyanatotoluene, such as di
- polyisocyanate derivative examples include dimer, trimer, biuret, allophanate, carbodiimide, uretdione, uretoimine, isocyanurate, oxadiazine trione, polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate (crude MDI, polymeric). MDI) and crude TDI.
- a blocked polyisocyanate compound in which a free isocyanate group is blocked with a blocking agent can also be used.
- a dissociation temperature eg, 100 ° C. or higher, preferably 130 ° C. or higher
- the isocyanate group is regenerated and can easily react with the reactive group.
- blocking agents include phenols such as phenol, cresol, xylenol, nitrophenol, ethylphenol, hydroxydiphenyl, butylphenol, isopropylphenol, nonylphenol, octylphenol, methyl hydroxybenzoate; ⁇ -caprolactam, ⁇ -valero Lactams such as lactam, ⁇ -butyrolactam, ⁇ -propiolactam; aliphatic alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol; ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene Glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Ethers such as benzene, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, methoxymethanol; benzyl alcohol; glycolic acid; glycolic acid esters such as methyl glycolate,
- Oxime series Activity of dimethyl malonate, diethyl malonate, ethyl acetoacetate, methyl acetoacetate, acetylacetone, etc. Methylene series; mercaptan series such as butyl mercaptan, t-butyl mercaptan, hexyl mercaptan, t-dodecyl mercaptan, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, thiophenol, methylthiophenol, ethylthiophenol; acetanilide, acetanisid, acetolide, acrylamide, methacrylamide, Acid amides such as acetic acid amide, stearic acid amide, benzamide; imides such as succinimide, phthalic acid imide, maleic acid imide; diphenylamine, phenylnaphthylamine, xylidine, N-phenylxylidine, carbazole, aniline
- an organic tin compound etc. can be used as a curing catalyst as needed.
- the polyisocyanate compound can be used, for example, as a crosslinking agent for a resin containing a hydroxyl group or an amino group.
- a polyhydrazide compound is a compound having two or more hydrazide groups in one molecule.
- polyhydrazide compound examples include succinic acid dihydrazide, malonic acid dihydrazide, succinic acid dihydrazide, glutaric acid dihydrazide, adipic acid dihydrazide, sebacic acid dihydrazide, etc .; saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid dihydrazide having maleic acid; maleic acid Dihydrazides of monoolefinically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as dihydrazide, fumarate dihydrazide, itaconic acid dihydrazide; polyhydrazides of carbonic acid such as dihydrazide carbonate; phthalic acid, terephthalic acid or isophthalic acid dihydrazide, and dihydrazide, trihydrazide of pyromellitic acid or Polyhydrazides of aromatic polycarboxylic acids such as tetrahydrazide; Fats such as nitrilotriacetic acid trihydrazide, citric acid
- polyhydrazide compound If the above polyhydrazide compound is too hydrophobic, it becomes difficult to disperse in water, and a uniform crosslinked coating film cannot be obtained. Therefore, a relatively low molecular weight compound (approx. 300 or less) having moderate hydrophilicity is used. It is preferable to do.
- polyhydrazide compounds include dihydrazide compounds of C4 to C12 dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid dihydrazide, glutaric acid dihydrazide, adipic acid dihydrazide, sebacic acid dihydrazide and the like.
- the polyhydrazide compound can be used, for example, as a crosslinking agent for a resin containing a carbonyl group.
- a polysemicarbazide compound is a compound having two or more semicarbazide groups in one molecule.
- polysemicarbazide compound examples include aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic bissemicarbazides; diisocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate, or polyisocyanate compounds derived therefrom, N, N-dimethylhydrazine and the like N, N-substituted hydrazine and polyfunctional semicarbazide obtained by excessively reacting the hydrazides exemplified above, the polyisocyanate compound and an active hydrogen compound containing a hydrophilic group such as polyether and polyol or polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ether An aqueous polyfunctional semicarbazide obtained by excessively reacting the above-exemplified dihydrazide with the isocyanate group in the reaction product (for example, see JP-A-8-151358); the polyfunctional semicarbazide and the aqueous polyfunctional semicarbazide And the like compounds having a hydrazone group such as
- the polysemicarbazide compound can be used, for example, as a crosslinking agent for a resin containing a carbonyl group.
- the carbodiimide group-containing compound is, for example, a compound obtained by reacting the isocyanate groups of a polyisocyanate compound with each other to remove carbon dioxide.
- Examples of the commercially available products include “Carbodilite V-02”, “Carbodilite V-02-L2”, “Carbodilite V-04”, “Carbodilite E-01”, “Carbodilite E-02” (all Nisshinbo Co., Ltd.) Product name).
- the carbodiimide group compound can be used, for example, as a crosslinking agent for a resin containing a carboxyl group.
- oxazoline group-containing compound a polymer having an oxazoline group, for example, a polymerizable unsaturated monomer having an oxazoline group, and other polymerizable unsaturated monomers as necessary, and a conventionally known method (for example, solution polymerization, emulsion polymerization, etc.) (Co) polymers obtained by copolymerization with can be mentioned.
- Examples of the polymerizable unsaturated monomer having an oxazoline group include 2-vinyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-4-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-5-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl. Examples include -2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-5-ethyl-2-oxazoline and the like.
- Examples of the other polymerizable unsaturated monomers include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, and cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate.
- the oxazoline group-containing compound can be used, for example, as a crosslinking agent for a resin containing a carboxyl group.
- An epoxy compound is a compound having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule.
- Specific examples include diepoxy compounds such as bis (3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl) adipate, epoxy group-containing acrylic resins, and the like.
- the epoxy compound can be used, for example, as a crosslinking agent for resins containing acid groups or amino groups.
- polycarboxylic acid examples include adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,3,4 -Aliphatic polybasic acids such as butanetetracarboxylic acid: Aromatic polybasic acids such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, trimellitic acid: Half formed by addition reaction of polyol and 1,2-acid anhydride Ester; Polyepoxide and addition reaction product of 2 equivalents or more of 1,2-acid anhydride with respect to epoxy group of polyepoxide; carboxyl group-containing acrylic polymer; acrylic having a group obtained by half-esterifying acid anhydride group Examples of the polymer include carboxyl group-containing polyester polymers.
- Polycarboxylic acid can be used, for example, as a crosslinking agent for an epoxy group or carbodiimide group-containing resin.
- the amounts of the resin particles (A), the polyoxyalkylene group-containing polyol (B), the diester compound (C), and the crosslinking agent (D) in the aqueous coating composition of the present invention are the components (A), (B),
- the resin particles (A) are 15 to 50% by mass, preferably 15 to 45% by mass, more preferably 15 to 40% by mass, based on the total amount of resin solids of the component (C) and the component (D), respectively.
- the polyoxyalkylene group-containing polyol (B) is 0 to 23% by mass, preferably 2 to 22% by mass, more preferably 4 to 21% by mass
- the diester compound (C) is 0 to 23% by mass, preferably Suitably, 2 to 22% by mass, more preferably 4 to 21% by mass
- the crosslinking agent (D) is 20 to 85% by mass, preferably 20 to 75% by mass, more preferably 25 to 70% by mass.
- the total solid content of the polyoxyalkylene group-containing polyol (B) and the diester compound (C) is the resin particles (A), the polyoxyalkylene group-containing polyol (B), the diester compound (C), and the crosslinking agent (D).
- the total solid content is 5 to 25% by mass, preferably 7 to 25% by mass, and more preferably 10 to 25% by mass from the viewpoint of smoothness and coating film performance. Therefore, the contents of the component (B) and the component (C) are not 0% by mass.
- the water-based coating composition of the present invention may further contain other binders other than the above components (A), (B), (C) and (D).
- binders are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include acrylic resins, urethane resins, acrylic urethane composite resins, polyester resins, alkyd resins, and epoxy resins.
- the average particle diameter is out of the range of 300 to 1000 nm, and can be synthesized by a known method by copolymerizing a polymerizable unsaturated monomer.
- Acrylic resin that can be used. From the viewpoint of high solid differentiation, those having an average particle diameter of less than 300 nm and a particle diameter smaller than that of the acrylic resin particles (A1) can be suitably used.
- an acrylic resin synthesized by emulsion polymerization or an acrylic resin synthesized by solution polymerization may be used, or both may be used in combination.
- a hydrophilic organic solvent such as propylene glycol ether or dipropylene glycol ether is preferably used.
- the acrylic resin preferably has an acid group such as a carboxyl group.
- an acrylic resin can be synthesized in the same manner as the acrylic resin particles (A1).
- acrylic resin particles (A1) As the polymerizable unsaturated monomer, those exemplified for the acrylic resin particles (A1) can be used in the same manner.
- the weight average molecular weight of the acrylic resin is preferably from 1,000 to 200,000, particularly from 2,000 to 100,000, when synthesized by solution polymerization from the viewpoint of weather resistance and finished appearance.
- the hydroxyl value is 10 to 250 mgKOH / g, particularly 30 to 150 mgKOH / g, from the viewpoint of curability of the coating film when the acrylic resin is an acrylic resin synthesized by solution polymerization.
- it is preferably 5 to 150 mgKOH / g, particularly 10 to 90 mgKOH / g from the viewpoint of water resistance and curability of the coating film.
- the acid value is 3 to 150 mgKOH from the viewpoint of dispersion stability in an aqueous coating material, curability of the coating film, and adhesion when the acrylic resin is an acrylic resin synthesized by solution polymerization.
- / G preferably 5 to 70 mg KOH / g.
- an acrylic resin synthesized by emulsion polymerization from the viewpoint of water resistance of the coating film, it is preferably 0.01 to 100 mgKOH / g, particularly preferably 0.1 to 75 mgKOH / g.
- urethane resin particles (A2) synthesized by a known method from components including a polyisocyanate component and a polyol component whose average particle diameter is outside the range of 300 to 1000 nm when an aqueous dispersion is obtained. It is a urethane resin that can be used. From the viewpoint of highly solid differentiation, those having an average particle size of less than 300 nm and smaller than the urethane resin particles (A2) can be suitably used. It can be synthesized in the same manner as the urethane resin particles (A2).
- the number average molecular weight of the urethane resin is preferably in the range of 2000 or more, particularly 5000 or more, more particularly 10,000 or more, from the viewpoint of the finished appearance and chipping resistance.
- the hydroxyl value is preferably 0 to 100 mgKOH / g, particularly 5 to 100 mgKOH / g, more preferably 10 to 100 mgKOH / g, from the viewpoint of the curability of the coating film.
- the acid value thereof is 5 to 40 mgKOH / g, particularly 5 to 30 mgKOH / g, from the viewpoints of dispersion stability in water-based paints, curability of the coating film, adhesion, and the like. In particular, it is preferably 10 to 30 mgKOH / g.
- ⁇ Acrylic urethane composite resin> Other than the acrylic urethane composite resin particles (A3), the particles are synthesized by a known method using an acrylic component and a urethane component as constituents, which have an average particle diameter outside the range of 300 to 1000 nm when made into an aqueous dispersion.
- Acrylic urethane composite resin that can be used. From the viewpoint of highly solid differentiation, those having an average particle size of less than 300 nm and smaller particle size than the acrylic urethane composite resin particles (A3) can be suitably used.
- the composite coating film can be synthesized in the same manner as the acrylic urethane composite resin particles (A3).
- the hydroxyl value is preferably 1 to 200 mgKOH / g, particularly 1 to 170 mgKOH / g, more preferably 1 to 140, from the viewpoint of the curability of the coating film.
- the acid value is 0 to 60 mgKOH / g, particularly 0 to 50 mgKOH / g, from the viewpoints of dispersion stability in water-based paint, curability of the coating film, adhesion, and the like. Further, it is particularly preferably 0 to 40 mgKOH / g.
- ⁇ Polyester resin> It can be synthesized by an esterification reaction of a polybasic acid and a polyhydric alcohol according to a conventional method according to a known method. When an aqueous dispersion is used, the average particle size is out of the range of 300 to 1000 nm.
- a polybasic acid is a compound having two or more carboxyl groups in one molecule.
- phthalic acid isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 4,4 -Diphenyldicarboxylic acid, diphenylmethane-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, het acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, cyclohexane-1,4- Examples thereof include dicarboxylic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, hexahydroisophthalic acid, hexahydroterephthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, hexahydrotrimellitic acid, methylhexahydrophthalic acid, and anhydr
- the polyhydric alcohol is a compound having two or more hydroxyl groups in one molecule.
- polyester resin (semi) drying oil such as oil fatty acid, coconut oil fatty acid, safflower oil fatty acid, soybean oil fatty acid, sesame oil fatty acid, eno oil fatty acid, hemp oil fatty acid, tall oil fatty acid, dehydrated castor oil fatty acid, etc.
- a fatty acid-modified polyester resin modified with a fatty acid or the like can also be used. In general, the modified amount of these fatty acids is suitably 30% by mass or less in terms of oil length.
- the polyester resin may be one obtained by reacting a part of a monobasic acid such as benzoic acid.
- polyester resin examples include ⁇ -olefin epoxides such as propylene oxide and butylene oxide, monoepoxy compounds such as Cardura E10 (product name, glycidyl ester of synthetic hyperbranched saturated fatty acid), etc. It may be reacted with an acid group.
- ⁇ -olefin epoxides such as propylene oxide and butylene oxide
- monoepoxy compounds such as Cardura E10 (product name, glycidyl ester of synthetic hyperbranched saturated fatty acid), etc. It may be reacted with an acid group.
- a carboxyl group into a polyester resin for example, it can also be introduced by adding an acid anhydride to a hydroxyl group-containing polyester and half-esterifying it.
- the hydroxyl value is preferably 10 to 250 mgKOH / g, particularly 40 to 170 mgKOH / g, from the viewpoint of water resistance and curability of the coating film.
- the acid value thereof is preferably 5 to 100 mgKOH / g, particularly 10 to 60 mgKOH / g, from the viewpoint of water resistance and adhesion of the coating film.
- the number average molecular weight of the polyester resin is preferably from 1,000 to 100,000, particularly preferably from 1,000 to 50,000, from the viewpoint of water resistance and curability of the coating film.
- the other binder described above is also a binder having an acid group, similarly to the resin particles (A), and in the case of water dispersion, in order to facilitate mixing and dispersion in water, a neutralizer (for example, the resin particles (A It is preferable to carry out neutralization according to the above)) from the viewpoint of improving water dispersibility.
- a neutralizer for example, the resin particles (A It is preferable to carry out neutralization according to the above) from the viewpoint of improving water dispersibility.
- a pigment can be used as necessary.
- the pigment include titanium oxide, zinc white, carbon black, phthalocyanine blue, Prussian blue, cobalt blue, azo pigment, phthalocyanine pigment, quinacridone pigment, isoindoline pigment, selenium pigment, perylene pigment and the like; talc, Extendable pigments such as clay, kaolin, barita, barium sulfate, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, silica, and alumina white; bright pigments such as aluminum powder, mica powder, and mica powder coated with titanium oxide can be suitably used. .
- the pigment content is 0.1 to 100%, particularly 0.5 to 50%, more particularly 1.0 to 30% in terms of total pigment concentration in PWC (Pigment Weight Content). From the viewpoint of
- the aqueous coating composition of the present invention further includes a curing catalyst, a dispersant, a viscosity control agent, an organic solvent, an antifoaming agent, a thickening agent, an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, an antioxidant, and a surface as necessary.
- Additives usually added to the coating composition, such as a regulator, can be appropriately used.
- the solvent is an aqueous medium.
- the aqueous medium is not limited as long as it is mainly composed of water.
- water or a water-organic solvent mixed solution containing water and an organic solvent such as a water-soluble organic solvent can be used.
- the organic solvent include methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monoble ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, tripropyl ether.
- water-soluble organic solvents such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether and 3-methyl 3-methoxybutanol.
- An organic solvent can be used 1 type or in mixture of 2 or more types.
- the organic solvent those mainly composed of a water-soluble organic solvent are suitable.
- the mixing ratio of water and the organic solvent is not particularly limited, but the content of the organic solvent is desirably 50% by mass or less, particularly 35% by mass or less of the mixed solution.
- high solid content in paints means that the solids concentration is high at a viscosity that can be used as a paint composition (coating that can satisfy the finished appearance of the resulting coating film). Means.
- solid content can be calculated
- the water-based paint composition of the present invention can be applied to the object to be coated, and a coating film obtained by curing the water-based paint composition of the present invention can be formed on the object to be coated.
- a coating film obtained by curing the aqueous coating composition of the present invention can be obtained.
- the aqueous coating composition of the present invention is a high solid content aqueous coating composition having a wide coating work width and excellent coating performance such as finished appearance and chipping resistance, for example, for automobiles, building materials, etc. In particular, it is suitable for use as a coating composition for automotive applications.
- the aqueous coating composition of the present invention can be applied by a conventionally known method such as air spray coating, airless spray coating, rotary atomization coating, curtain coat coating, or roller coating.
- electrostatic application may be performed as necessary.
- this coating method can be performed once to several times until a desired film thickness is obtained.
- the film thickness is preferably 3 to 100 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 5 to 60 ⁇ m based on the cured coating film, and the coating film can be cured by heating, for example, at room temperature to 170 ° C., if necessary.
- Heat curing can be performed using a known heating means, for example, a drying furnace such as a hot air furnace, an electric furnace, or an electromagnetic induction heating furnace. If necessary, in order to promote the volatilization of volatile components such as a solvent before heating and curing, preheating may be performed at a temperature of about 50 to 80 ° C. for about 3 to 10 minutes.
- the object to be coated is not particularly limited.
- it may be a vehicle body, a building material, or the like of various vehicles such as automobiles, two-wheeled vehicles, and containers formed by these.
- the object to be coated may be a metal surface of a metal substrate or the above-described vehicle body that has been subjected to a surface treatment such as a phosphate treatment, a chromate treatment, or a complex oxide treatment.
- a surface treatment such as a phosphate treatment, a chromate treatment, or a complex oxide treatment.
- these objects to be coated may have been subjected to undercoating (for example, cationic electrodeposition coating) and intermediate coating or the like in some cases.
- the object to be coated may further be one in which a coating film made of a colored paint or the like is formed on the intermediate coating surface.
- the water-based paint composition of the present invention can be applied by using water and / or an organic solvent, etc., if necessary, and diluting to adjust to an appropriate viscosity.
- the proper viscosity varies depending on the paint composition.
- Ford Cup Viscometer No. When adjusted using 4, the viscosity at 20 ° C. is usually about 20 to 60 seconds, preferably about 25 to 50 seconds.
- the coating solid content concentration of the paint is usually about 50 to 65% by mass, preferably about 53 to 65% by mass.
- the aqueous coating composition of the present invention can be suitably used particularly as a coating composition for forming a first base coat coating film in a three-layer multilayer coating film forming method comprising the following four steps.
- a method for forming a multilayer coating film comprising a step of simultaneously heating and curing a coating film and a clearcoat coating film.
- the aqueous coating composition of the present invention can be coated on the above-mentioned article by a method known per se, for example, air spray, airless spray, rotary atomizing coating machine or the like. Of these, methods such as air spray coating and rotary atomization coating are preferred. Electrostatic application may be performed during coating.
- the coating film thickness is usually an amount that is usually about 5 to 70 ⁇ m, preferably about 10 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably about 10 to 40 ⁇ m as a cured film thickness.
- aqueous base coat coating composition is further applied onto the first base coat coating film formed as described above.
- the aqueous base coat coating composition is coated with a solid content of the first colored coating film of 70 to 100% by mass from the viewpoint of suppression of coating film defects such as cracking and sagging and smoothness of the resulting coating film. It is preferably carried out while it is within the range of preferably 80 to 100% by mass, more preferably 90 to 100% by mass.
- the solid content of the first base coat film can be adjusted by, for example, preheating (preheating), air blowing, etc. before applying the aqueous base coat coating composition.
- the preheating is usually performed by directly or indirectly heating the coated object in a drying furnace at a temperature of about 50 to about 110 ° C., preferably about 60 to about 80 ° C. for about 1 to 30 minutes. Can be performed.
- the air blow can be usually performed by blowing air heated to a normal temperature or a temperature of about 25 ° C. to about 80 ° C. on the coated surface of the object to be coated.
- the solid content of the first base coat film can be measured, for example, by the following method.
- the water-based coating composition of the present invention is applied onto an aluminum foil whose mass (W 1 ) has been measured in advance simultaneously with the article to be coated.
- the aluminum foil that has been preheated as necessary is collected immediately before the aqueous base coat coating composition is applied, and the mass (W 2 ) is measured.
- the recovered aluminum foil is dried at 110 ° C. for 60 minutes, and allowed to cool to room temperature in a desiccator.
- the mass (W 3 ) of the aluminum foil is measured, and the solid content is determined according to the following formula.
- Solid content (mass%) ⁇ (W 3 ⁇ W 1 ) / (W 2 ⁇ W 1 ) ⁇ ⁇ 100
- aqueous base coat coating composition for example, those known per se that are usually used in the coating of automobile bodies can be used.
- a base resin such as an acrylic resin, a polyester resin, an alkyd resin, a urethane resin, and an epoxy resin having a crosslinkable functional group such as a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group, and a polyisocyanate compound and a melamine resin that may be blocked
- a resin component made of a crosslinking agent such as a urea resin can be used by dissolving or dispersing it in water together with pigments and other additives.
- a thermosetting water-based paint using the acrylic resin and / or polyester resin as a base resin and using a melamine resin as a curing agent can be suitably used.
- the pigment component it is possible to use the color pigments, glitter pigments, extender pigments and the like exemplified in the description of the coating composition of the present invention, and by using the glitter pigment as at least one of the pigment components, It is possible to form a metallic or pearly coating film having a dense feeling.
- the bright pigment examples include aluminum (including vapor-deposited aluminum), copper, zinc, brass, nickel, aluminum oxide, mica, aluminum oxide coated with titanium oxide and iron oxide, and titanium oxide and iron oxide. And mica, glass flakes, and hologram pigments.
- aluminum, aluminum oxide, mica, aluminum oxide coated with titanium oxide or iron oxide, mica coated with titanium oxide or iron oxide are preferably used, and aluminum is particularly preferably used.
- the above luster pigments can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the glitter pigment is preferably scaly.
- the luster pigment those having a longitudinal dimension of 1 to 100 ⁇ m, particularly 5 to 40 ⁇ m, and a thickness of 0.0001 to 5 ⁇ m, particularly 0.001 to 2 ⁇ m are suitable.
- the blending amount of the glitter pigment is usually 1 to 50 parts by mass, preferably 100 parts by mass of the resin solid content in the aqueous base coat coating composition. Is preferably 2 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 3 to 20 parts by mass.
- the aqueous base coat coating composition preferably contains a hydrophobic solvent.
- an alcohol-based hydrophobic solvent is preferably used from the viewpoint of excellent glitter of the obtained coating film.
- alcohol-based hydrophobic solvents having 7 to 14 carbon atoms such as 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, ethylene glycol mono-2-ethylhexyl ether, propylene glycol mono n-butyl ether, More preferred is at least one alcohol-based hydrophobic solvent selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol mono n-butyl ether.
- the blending amount thereof is 2 on the basis of 100 parts by mass of the resin solid content in the aqueous base coat coating composition from the viewpoint of excellent glitter of the resulting coating film. It is suitable that the amount is ⁇ 70 parts by mass, preferably 11 to 60 parts by mass, and more preferably 16 to 50 parts by mass.
- the aqueous base coat coating composition can be applied by a method known per se, for example, air spray, airless spray, rotary atomizing coating machine, etc., and electrostatic application may be performed during the coating.
- the coating film thickness is usually in the range of 5 to 40 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 30 ⁇ m, as the cured film thickness.
- the aqueous base coat coating composition is usually used as a curing catalyst, a thickener, an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, an antifoaming agent, a plasticizer, an organic solvent, a surface conditioner, an anti-settling agent, etc. These coating additives can be contained alone or in combination of two or more.
- the applied aqueous basecoat coating composition coating film (second basecoat coating film) is applied at a temperature of about 50 to about 110 ° C., preferably about 60 to about 90 ° C. for 1 to 60 minutes, for example, by preheating, air blowing, or the like. It can be dried by heating to some extent.
- thermosetting clear coating composition for example, a known thermosetting clear coating composition that is usually used in the coating of automobile bodies can be used.
- examples thereof include an organic solvent-type thermosetting coating composition, a water-based thermosetting coating composition, and a powder thermosetting coating composition containing a base resin having a crosslinkable functional group and a crosslinking agent.
- Examples of the crosslinkable functional group possessed by the base resin include a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, an epoxy group, and a silanol group.
- Examples of the base resin include acrylic resin, polyester resin, alkyd resin, urethane resin, epoxy resin, and fluorine resin.
- Examples of the crosslinking agent include polyisocyanate compounds, blocked polyisocyanate compounds, melamine resins, urea resins, carboxyl group-containing compounds, carboxyl group-containing resins, epoxy group-containing resins, and epoxy group-containing compounds.
- carboxyl group-containing resin / epoxy group-containing resin, hydroxyl group-containing resin / polyisocyanate compound, hydroxyl group-containing resin / blocked polyisocyanate compound, hydroxyl group-containing resin / melamine resin Etc. are preferred.
- the clear coat coating composition may be a one-component paint or a multi-component paint such as a two-component urethane resin paint.
- the clear coat coating composition can contain, if necessary, a color pigment, a bright pigment, a dye and the like to such an extent that the transparency is not hindered, and further an extender pigment, an ultraviolet absorber, and a light stabilizer.
- An antifoaming agent, a thickener, a rust inhibitor, a surface conditioner, and the like can be appropriately contained.
- the clear coat coating composition can be applied onto the second base coat film by a method known per se, for example, airless spray, air spray, rotary atomizing coating machine, etc. Application may be performed.
- the coating film thickness can usually be applied to a cured film thickness of 10 to 60 ⁇ m, preferably 25 to 50 ⁇ m.
- a multi-layer coating film composed of three layers of the first base coat coating film, the second base coat coating film and the clear coat coating film formed as described above can be obtained, for example, by a usual coating film baking means. It can be simultaneously cured by heating at a temperature of about 80 to about 170 ° C., preferably about 120 to about 160 ° C. for about 20 to about 40 minutes, by hot air heating, infrared heating, high frequency heating or the like.
- a monomer emulsion (1) having an average particle size of 570 nm was obtained by subjecting this preliminary emulsified liquid (1) to high-pressure treatment using a high-pressure emulsifier (Ultimizer manufactured by Sugino Machine Co., Ltd.).
- the monomer emulsion (1) was transferred to a reaction vessel equipped with a thermometer, a thermostat, a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a nitrogen introducing tube and a dropping device, and diluted with 59 parts of deionized water. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 80 ° C., 0.7 part of ammonium persulfate was added, and the mixture was stirred for 3 hours while maintaining the temperature at 80 ° C.
- the monomer emulsion (2) was added dropwise over 1 hour, aged for 1 hour, cooled to 30 ° C., and the pH was adjusted while gradually adding a 5% 2- (dimethylamino) ethanol aqueous solution to the reaction vessel. Adjusted to 8.0. Further, the dispersion was diluted with deionized water to a solid content concentration of 30% to obtain an acrylic resin particle (A1-1) dispersion.
- the obtained acrylic resin particles (A1-1) have an average particle size of 600 nm (submicron particle size distribution measuring device “COULTER N4 type” (manufactured by Beckman Coulter)) and diluted with deionized water at 20 ° C. Measured with ), The hydroxyl value was 19 mgKOH / g, and the acid value was 8 mgKOH / g.
- Production Example 2 In the high-pressure emulsification treatment for obtaining the monomer emulsion (1) of Production Example 1, the same procedure as in Production Example 1 was conducted except that the monomer emulsion (1) having an average particle diameter of 850 nm was obtained by adjusting the pressure. Thus, an acrylic resin particle (A1-2) dispersion having a solid content concentration of 30% was obtained.
- the obtained acrylic resin particles (A1-2) have an average particle diameter of 900 nm (submicron particle size distribution measuring device “COULTER N4 type” (manufactured by Beckman Coulter)) and diluted with deionized water at 20 ° C. Measured with ), The hydroxyl value was 19 mgKOH / g, and the acid value was 8 mgKOH / g.
- Production Example 3 In the high-pressure emulsification treatment for obtaining the monomer emulsion (1) of Production Example 1, the same procedure as in Production Example 1 was conducted except that the monomer emulsion (1) having an average particle diameter of 170 nm was obtained by adjusting the pressure. Thus, an acrylic resin particle (A1-3) dispersion having a solid content concentration of 30% was obtained.
- the obtained acrylic resin particles (A1-3) have an average particle size of 200 nm (submicron particle size distribution measuring device “COULTER N4 type” (manufactured by Beckman Coulter)) and diluted with deionized water at 20 ° C. Measured with ), The hydroxyl value was 19 mgKOH / g, and the acid value was 8 mgKOH / g.
- the obtained urethane resin particles (A2-1) have an average particle size of 330 nm (submicron particle size distribution measuring device “COULTER N4 type” (manufactured by Beckman Coulter)) and diluted with deionized water at 20 ° C.
- the acid value was 12 mgKOH / g
- the hydroxyl value was 0 mgKOH / g
- the viscosity was 350 mPa ⁇ s (B-type viscometer, 60 rpm, 23 ° C.).
- the number average molecular weight exceeded the exclusion limit capability of the GPC measurement apparatus, and was not measurable. (Estimated to be about 1 million or more).
- Production Example 5 An aqueous dispersion of urethane resin particles (A2-2) having a mass solid concentration of 40% was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 4 except that the amount of neutralized amine was reduced to 0.6 parts of dimethylethanolamine.
- the obtained urethane resin particles (A2-2) have an average particle size of 520 nm (submicron particle size distribution measuring device “COULTER N4 type” (manufactured by Beckman Coulter)) and diluted with deionized water at 20 ° C.
- the acid value was 12 mgKOH / g
- the hydroxyl value was 0 mgKOH / g
- the viscosity was 150 mPa ⁇ s (B-type viscometer, 60 rpm, 23 ° C.).
- the number average molecular weight exceeded the exclusion limit capability of the GPC measurement apparatus, and was not measurable. (Estimated to be about 1 million or more).
- the obtained urethane resin particles (A2-3) have an average particle size of 320 nm (submicron particle size distribution measuring device “COULTER N4 type” (manufactured by Beckman Coulter)) and diluted with deionized water at 20 ° C.
- the acid value was 12 mgKOH / g
- the hydroxyl value was 0 mgKOH / g
- the viscosity was 210 mPa ⁇ s (B-type viscometer, 60 rpm, 23 ° C.).
- the number average molecular weight exceeded the exclusion limit capability of the GPC measurement apparatus, and was not measurable. (Estimated to be about 1 million or more).
- Production Example 7 An aqueous dispersion of urethane resin particles (A2-4) having a mass solid content of 40% was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 4 except that the amount of neutralized amine was increased to 1.5 parts of dimethylethanolamine. .
- the average particle diameter of the obtained urethane resin particles (A2-4) was 250 nm (submicron particle size distribution measuring device “COULTER N4 type” (manufactured by Beckman Coulter)) and diluted with deionized water at 20 ° C.
- the acid value was 12 mgKOH / g
- the hydroxyl value was 0 mgKOH / g
- the viscosity was 2500 mPa ⁇ s (B-type viscometer, 60 rpm, 23 ° C.).
- the number average molecular weight exceeded the exclusion limit capability of the GPC measurement apparatus, and was not measurable. (Estimated to be about 1 million or more).
- the temperature was maintained at 90 ° C., the reaction was continued until the NCO value became 1 mg / g or less, and the mixture was cooled to room temperature.
- 3.5 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 1 part of allyl methacrylate were added to obtain a hydroxyl group-containing polyurethane resin diluted with an acrylic monomer.
- the resulting polyurethane resin had an acid value of 24 mgKOH / g, a hydroxyl value of 14 mgKOH / g, and a weight average molecular weight of 25,000.
- the hydroxyl group-containing polyurethane resin diluted with the above acrylic monomer was charged with 1.1 parts of dimethylethanolamine as a neutralized amine and phase-inverted and emulsified with 143 parts of deionized water at room temperature.
- an initiator solution in which 0.05 part of “VA-057” was dissolved in 2 parts of deionized water was added to the flask, stirred for 2 hours while maintaining the temperature, and then cooled to a solid content concentration of 40%.
- An aqueous dispersion of the acrylic urethane composite resin particles (A3-1) was obtained.
- the average particle diameter of the obtained acrylic urethane composite resin particles (A3-1) was 350 nm (submicron particle size distribution measuring device “COULTER N4 type” (manufactured by Beckman Coulter)) and diluted with deionized water.
- the viscosity was 200 mPa ⁇ s (B-type viscometer, 60 rpm, 23 ° C.), the hydroxyl value was 22 mgKOH / g, and the acid value was 12 mgKOH / g.
- Production Example 9 An aqueous dispersion of acrylic urethane composite resin particles (A3-2) having a mass solid content concentration of 40% was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 8 except that the amount of neutralized amine was reduced to 0.6 parts of dimethylethanolamine. It was.
- the average particle diameter of the resulting acrylic urethane composite resin particles (A3-2) was 530 nm (submicron particle size distribution measuring device “COULTER N4 type” (manufactured by Beckman Coulter)) and diluted with deionized water.
- the viscosity was 110 mPa ⁇ s (B-type viscometer, 60 rpm, 23 ° C.), the hydroxyl value was 22 mgKOH / g, and the acid value was 12 mgKOH / g.
- the obtained acrylic urethane composite resin particles (A3-3) have an average particle size of 310 nm (submicron particle size distribution measuring device “COULTER N4 type” (manufactured by Beckman Coulter)) and diluted with deionized water.
- the viscosity was 60 mPa ⁇ s (B-type viscometer, 60 rpm, 23 ° C.), the hydroxyl value was 22 mgKOH / g, and the acid value was 12 mgKOH / g.
- the polyurethane resin containing a terminal unsaturated double bond diluted with the above acrylic monomer was charged with 1.1 parts of dimethylethanolamine as a neutralized amine, and phase inversion emulsification was performed with 143 parts of deionized water at room temperature. .
- the temperature was raised to 70 ° C. with stirring, and an initiator solution in which 0.1 part of “VA-057” was dissolved in 4 parts of deionized water was dropped into the flask over 30 minutes, and the temperature was maintained for 2 hours. Stir.
- an initiator solution in which 0.05 part of “VA-057” was dissolved in 2 parts of deionized water was added to the flask, stirred for 2 hours while maintaining the temperature, and then cooled to a solid content concentration of 40%.
- An aqueous dispersion of acrylic urethane composite resin particles (A3-4) was obtained.
- the average particle diameter of the resulting acrylic urethane composite resin particles (A3-4) was 330 nm (submicron particle size distribution measuring device “COULTER N4 type” (manufactured by Beckman Coulter)) and diluted with deionized water.
- the viscosity was 90 mPa ⁇ s (B-type viscometer, 60 rpm, 23 ° C.), the hydroxyl value was 9 mgKOH / g, and the acid value was 12 mgKOH / g.
- the temperature was maintained at 90 ° C., the reaction was continued until the NCO value became 1 mg / g or less, and the mixture was cooled to room temperature.
- 1 part of allyl methacrylate was added and a hydroxyl group-containing polyurethane resin diluted with an acrylic monomer was obtained.
- the resulting polyurethane resin had an acid value of 24 mgKOH / g, a hydroxyl value of 14 mgKOH / g, and a weight average molecular weight of 25,000.
- the hydroxyl group-containing polyurethane resin diluted with the above acrylic monomer was charged with 1.1 parts of dimethylethanolamine as a neutralized amine and phase-inverted and emulsified with 128 parts of deionized water at room temperature. While stirring, the temperature was raised to 70 ° C., and an initiator solution in which 0.06 part of “VA-057” was dissolved in 2.4 parts of deionized water was dropped into the flask over 30 minutes, and the temperature was maintained. Stir for 2 hours. Thereafter, a monomer emulsion having the following composition and 0.04 part of “VA-057” dissolved in 1.6 parts of deionized water were added dropwise over 1.5 hours and stirred for 1 hour while maintaining the temperature.
- Monomer emulsion composition 2-ethylhexyl acrylate 8 parts n-butyl acrylate 7 parts 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate 3.5 parts Acrylic acid 0.5 parts Allyl methacrylate 1 part "Newcol 707SF” 2.0 parts Deionized water 15 parts
- Acrylic urethane composite resin particles (A3-5) have an average particle size of 400 nm (submicron particle size distribution measuring device “COULTER N4 type” (manufactured by Beckman Coulter)), diluted with deionized water and measured at 20 ° C.
- the viscosity was 160 mPa ⁇ s (B-type viscometer, 60 rpm, 23 ° C.), the hydroxyl value was 22 mgKOH / g, and the acid value was 16 mgKOH / g.
- the polyurethane resin containing a terminal isocyanate group diluted with the above acrylic monomer was charged with 1.1 parts of dimethylethanolamine as a neutralized amine, and phase-inverted and emulsified with 143 parts of deionized water at room temperature. Furthermore, 0.4 parts of ethylenediamine was added as a chain extender, and the temperature was raised to 40 ° C. while stirring, and the reaction was performed for 2 hours. While stirring, the temperature was raised to 70 ° C., and an initiator solution in which 0.1 part of “VA-057” was dissolved in 4 parts of deionized water was added dropwise to the flask over 30 minutes. Stir for hours.
- an initiator solution in which 0.05 part of “VA-057” was dissolved in 2 parts of deionized water was added to the flask, stirred for 2 hours while maintaining the temperature, and then cooled to a solid content concentration of 40%.
- An aqueous dispersion of the acrylic urethane composite resin particles (A3-6) was obtained.
- the average particle diameter of the resulting acrylic urethane composite resin particles (A3-6) was 350 nm (submicron particle size distribution measuring device “COULTER N4 type” (manufactured by Beckman Coulter)) and diluted with deionized water.
- the viscosity was 150 mPa ⁇ s (B-type viscometer, 60 rpm, 23 ° C.), the hydroxyl value was 15 mgKOH / g, and the acid value was 12 mgKOH / g.
- Production Example 14 An aqueous dispersion of acrylic urethane composite resin particles (A3-7) having a mass solids concentration of 40% was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 8 except that the amount of neutralized amine was increased to 1.7 parts of dimethylethanolamine. It was.
- the average particle diameter of the obtained acrylic urethane composite resin particles (A3-7) was 170 nm (submicron particle size distribution measuring device “COULTER N4 type” (manufactured by Beckman Coulter)) and diluted with deionized water.
- the viscosity was 890 mPa ⁇ s (B-type viscometer, 60 rpm, 23 ° C.), the hydroxyl value was 22 mgKOH / g, and the acid value was 12 mgKOH / g.
- the acrylic resin particles (A1-3) in Production Example 3, the urethane resin particles (A2-4) in Production Example 7, and the acrylic urethane composite resin particles (A3-7) in Production Example 14 are resin particles for comparative examples. It is.
- Example 1 22.2 parts of hydroxyl group-containing polyester resin (E) solution obtained in Production Example 15 (resin solid content 10 parts), “JR-806” (trade name, manufactured by Teica, rutile titanium dioxide), “carbon MA” -100 ”(trade name, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, carbon black), 15 parts of“ Variace B-35 ”(trade name, manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., barium sulfate powder, average primary particle size 0.5 ⁇ m) 5 parts of ionic water was mixed, adjusted to pH 8.0 with 2- (dimethylamino) ethanol, and then dispersed with a paint shaker for 30 minutes to obtain a pigment dispersion paste.
- E hydroxyl group-containing polyester resin
- Example 2 the Ford Cup No. at pH 8.0 and 20 ° C. was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition was as shown in Table 1 below. 4 has a viscosity of 45 seconds. 2 to 28 were obtained.
- composition ratios in Table 1 are solid content ratios. 24-28 are comparative examples.
- each polyoxyalkylene group containing polyol (B) and diester compound (C) in Table 1 are as follows.
- R 1 is a branched alkyl group having 7 carbon atoms
- R 2 is an ethylene group
- m is 7.
- Diester compound (C3) Diester compound of polyoxyethylene glycol and 2-ethylheptanoic acid.
- R 1 is a branched alkyl group having 8 carbon atoms
- R 2 is an ethylene group
- m is 7.
- Diester compound (C4) diester compound of polyoxyethylene glycol and 2-ethyloctanoic acid.
- R 1 is a branched alkyl group having 9 carbon atoms
- R 2 is an ethylene group
- m is 10.
- Test plates were prepared as follows, and the finished appearance (smoothness, sharpness), chipping resistance, storage stability, and sagging resistance were evaluated.
- Each water-based coating composition is applied as an intermediate coating to the above test object so that the cured film thickness becomes 25 ⁇ m using a rotary atomizing electrostatic coating machine under the conditions of 27 ° C. and 50% relative humidity.
- the film was electrostatically coated, allowed to stand for 5 minutes, and then preheated at 80 ° C. for 3 minutes.
- “WBC-713T No. 1F7” (trade name, manufactured by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd., acrylic melamine resin-based aqueous base coat paint, silver paint color) is applied to the uncured intermediate coating film by rotary atomization type electrostatic coating.
- the film was electrostatically coated to a cured film thickness of 15 ⁇ m using a machine, allowed to stand for 5 minutes, and then preheated at 80 ° C. for 3 minutes.
- the aqueous coating composition was applied with a film thickness gradient in the longitudinal direction under the conditions of 20 ° C. and relative humidity 83%, the coated plate was erected almost vertically, and after 5 minutes, preheated at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes. And was further heat-dried at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes to prepare a test plate for sagging resistance.
- test method and evaluation method are as follows.
- Finished appearance Smoothness Evaluated using the Wc value measured by “Wave Scan DOI” (trade name, manufactured by BYK Gardner).
- the Wc value is an index of the amplitude of the surface roughness at a wavelength of about 1 to 3 mm, and the smaller the measured value, the higher the smoothness of the coated surface.
- Vividness Evaluated by using Wb value measured by “Wave Scan DOI” (trade name, manufactured by BYK Gardner).
- the Wb value is an index of the amplitude of the surface roughness at a wavelength of about 0.3 to 1 mm, and the smaller the measured value, the higher the clearness of the coated surface.
- Chipping resistance A test plate was placed on a specimen holder of a stepping stone testing machine JA-400 (chipping test device) manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd., and at ⁇ 20 ° C., a distance of 30 cm from a distance of 0.392 MPa (4 kgf / cm 2) ) 100 g of granite crushed stone of size 6 was made to collide with the test plate at an angle of 45 degrees. Thereafter, the obtained test plate is washed with water, dried, and a cloth adhesive tape (manufactured by Nichiban Co., Ltd.) is applied to the coated surface. After peeling it off, the degree of scratches on the coating film is visually observed. And evaluated according to the following criteria.
- a test plate was prepared in the same manner using each coating composition after storage at 30 ° C. for 30 days after production, and the storage stability was evaluated by evaluating the sharpness.
- Sagging resistance The position at which the sagging of the 2 mm coating film is observed from the lower end of the punch hole of each test plate obtained is examined, and the film thickness at that position (the sagging limit film thickness ( ⁇ m) is measured. Sagging resistance was evaluated, and the larger the sagging limit film thickness, the better the sagging resistance.
- the water-based paint composition of the present invention is suitable for coating various industrial products such as industrial machines, construction machines, steel furniture / storage, automobile outer panels, automobile parts and the like.
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2016年3月22日に出願された、日本国特許出願第2016-057128号明細書(その開示全体が参照により本明細書中に援用される)に基づく優先権を主張する。
数平均分子量300~2000のポリオキシアルキレン基含有ポリオール(B)及び/又はジエステル化合物(C)、ならびに架橋剤(D)を含有し、
ジエステル化合物(C)は下記式(1)で表され、
ポリオキシアルキレン基含有ポリオール(B)及びジエステル化合物(C)の固形分総量が、樹脂粒子(A)、ポリオキシアルキレン基含有ポリオール(B)、ジエステル化合物(C)及び架橋剤(D)の固形分総量に対して、5~25質量%である、水性塗料組成物。
(2)未硬化の該第1ベースコート塗膜上に水性ベースコート塗料組成物を塗装して第2ベースコート塗膜を形成せしめる工程、
(3)未硬化の該第2ベースコート塗膜上にクリヤコート塗料組成物を塗装してクリヤコート塗膜を形成せしめる工程、ならびに
(4)該未硬化の、第1ベースコート塗膜、第2ベースコート塗膜及びクリヤコート塗膜を同時に加熱硬化させる工程を含む、複層塗膜形成方法。
平均粒子径が300~1000nmである樹脂粒子(A)、
数平均分子量300~2000のポリオキシアルキレン基含有ポリオール(B)及び/又はジエステル化合物(C)、ならびに架橋剤(D)を含有し、
ポリオキシアルキレン基含有ポリオール(B)及びジエステル化合物(C)の固形分総量が、
樹脂粒子(A)、ポリオキシアルキレン基含有ポリオール(B)、ジエステル化合物(C)及び架橋剤(D)の固形分総量に対して、5~25質量%である、水性塗料組成物である。
樹脂粒子(A)(本明細書において「(A)成分」と記載する場合がある)は、平均粒子径が300~1000nmである限り樹脂の種類は特に限定されない。樹脂の種類としては例えば、アクリル樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、アクリルウレタン複合樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等を挙げることができる。
アクリル樹脂粒子(A1)は、乳化重合により合成されるもの及び溶液重合により合成されるもののいずれであってもよく、両者を併用することもできるが、平均粒子径が300nm~1000nmの樹脂粒子を得る観点から、乳化重合により合成されるものを好適に使用することができる。
1/Tg=W1/T1+W2/T2+・・・Wn/Tn
[式中、W1、W2、・・・Wnは各モノマーの質量分率であり、T1、T2・・・Tnは各モノマーのホモポリマーのガラス転移温度(絶対温度)である。]
なお、各モノマーのホモポリマーのガラス転移温度は、POLYMER HANDBOOK Fourth Edition,J.Brandrup,E.h.Immergut,E.A.Grulke編(1999年)による値であり、該文献に記載されていないモノマーのガラス転移温度は、該モノマーのホモポリマーを重量平均分子量が5万程度になるようにして合成し、そのガラス転移温度を示差走査型熱分析により測定したときの値を使用した。
ウレタン樹脂粒子(A2)は、一般に、ポリイソシアネート成分とポリオール成分とを含む構成成分から得ることができる。
ネオペンチルグリコール、2-エチル-1,6-ヘキサンジオール、2,2-ジエチル-1,3-プロパンジオール、2-ブチル-2-エチル-1,3- プロパンジオール、2-メチル-1,8-オクタンジオール、2,2,4-トリメチル-1,3-ペンタンジオール、2-エチル-1,3-ヘキサンジオール等の分岐ジオール;1,3-シクロヘキサンジオール、1,4-シクロヘキサンジオール、1,4-シクロヘキサンジメタノール等の脂環式系ジオール;p-キシレンジオール、p-テトラクロロキシレンジオール等の芳香族系ジオール;ジエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール等のエーテル系ジオール等を挙げることができる。これらのジオールは、単独で又は2種以上を組合せて使用することができる。
アクリルウレタン樹脂複合粒子(A3)は、同一ミセル内にウレタン樹脂成分とアクリル樹脂成分とが存在してなる樹脂複合粒子である。本発明の水性塗料組成物において、アクリルウレタン樹脂複合粒子はその形態は特に限定されない。
ポリオキシアルキレン基含有ポリオール(B)(本明細書において「(B)成分」と記載する場合がある)の数平均分子量は、平滑性及び鮮映性の仕上がり外観及び耐チッピング性等の塗膜性能に優れる観点から、300~2000であり、好ましくは300~1500、さらに好ましくは300~1000である。
ジエステル化合物(C)(本明細書において「(C)成分」と記載する場合がある)は、ポリオキシアルキレングリコールと脂肪族モノカルボン酸とのジエステル化合物である。
で表されるジエステル化合物である。
架橋剤(D)(本明細書において「(D)成分」と記載する場合がある)は特に制限されるものではない。例えば、樹脂粒子(A)が架橋反応性基を有する場合の架橋反応性基及びポリオキシアルキレン基含有ポリオール(B)が有する水酸基に応じて、該架橋反応性基及び水酸基と反応性を有する架橋剤を使用することができる。
本発明の水性塗料組成物中の樹脂粒子(A)、ポリオキシアルキレン基含有ポリオール(B)、ジエステル化合物(C)及び架橋剤(D)の量は、(A)成分、(B)成分、(C)成分及び(D)成分の樹脂固形分総量を基準として、各々固形分として、樹脂粒子(A)が15~50質量%、好ましくは15~45質量%、さらに好ましくは15~40質量%、ポリオキシアルキレン基含有ポリオール(B)が0~23質量%、好ましくは2~22質量%、さらに好ましくは4~21質量%、ジエステル化合物(C)が、0~23質量%、好ましくは2~22質量%、さらに好ましくは4~21質量%、架橋剤(D)が、20~85質量%、好ましくは20~75質量%、さらに好ましくは25~70質量%であることが適している。
前記アクリル樹脂粒子(A1)以外の、水分散体としたときに平均粒子径が300~1000nmの範囲外となる、重合性不飽和モノマーを共重合することによって既知の方法で、合成することができるアクリル樹脂である。高固形分化の観点から平均粒子径が300nm未満の、アクリル樹脂粒子(A1)より小粒子径となるものを好適に使用することができる。
前記ウレタン樹脂粒子(A2)以外の、水分散体としたときに平均粒子径が300~1000nmの範囲外となる、ポリイソシアネート成分とポリオール成分とを含む構成成分から既知の方法で、合成することができるウレタン樹脂である。高固形分化の観点から平均粒子径が300nm未満の、ウレタン樹脂粒子(A2)より小粒子径となるものを好適に使用することができる。前記ウレタン樹脂粒子(A2)と同様にして合成することができる。
前記アクリルウレタン複合樹脂粒子(A3)以外の、水分散体としたときに平均粒子径が300~1000nmの範囲外となる、アクリル成分とウレタン成分とを構成成分とする既知の方法で、合成することができるアクリルウレタン複合樹脂である。高固形分化の観点から平均粒子径が300nm未満の、アクリルウレタン複合樹脂粒子(A3)より小粒子径となるものを好適に使用することができる。複合塗膜は前記アクリルウレタン複合樹脂粒子(A3)と同様にして合成することができる。
既知の方法で、常法に従い、多塩基酸と多価アルコ-ルとをエステル化反応させることによって合成することができる、水分散体としたときに平均粒子径が300~1000nmの範囲外となるポリエステル樹脂である。高固形分化の観点から平均粒子径が300nm未満のものを好適に使用することができる。また、水分散性の観点から、該ポリエステル樹脂としては、カルボキシル基等の酸基を有しているものが好ましい。
(2)未硬化の該第1ベースコート塗膜上に水性ベースコート塗料組成物を塗装して第2ベースコート塗膜を形成せしめる工程、
(3)未硬化の該第2ベースコート塗膜上にクリヤコート塗料組成物を塗装してクリヤコート塗膜を形成せしめる工程、ならびに
(4)該未硬化の、第1ベースコート塗膜、第2ベースコート塗膜及びクリヤコート塗膜を同時に加熱硬化させる工程を含んでなる複層塗膜形成方法。
本発明の水性塗料組成物は、上記被塗物上に、それ自体既知の方法、例えば、エアスプレー、エアレススプレー、回転霧化塗装機等により塗装することができる。これらの内、エアスプレー塗装、回転霧化塗装等の方法が好ましい。塗装の際、静電印加を行ってもよい。塗装膜厚は、通常、硬化膜厚として、通常、5~70μm程度、好ましくは10~50μm程度、より好ましくは10~40μm程度となる量であるのが好ましい。
上記の如くして形成される第1ベースコート塗膜上には、さらに、水性ベースコート塗料組成物が塗装される。
まず、被塗物と同時に、予め質量(W1)を測定しておいたアルミホイル上に、本発明の水性塗料組成物を塗装する。続いて、塗装後、必要に応じて予備加熱などがされた該アルミホイルを、水性ベースコート塗料組成物が塗装される直前に回収し、その質量(W2)を測定する。次に、回収したアルミホイルを110℃で60分間乾燥し、デシケーター内で室温まで放冷した後、該アルミホイルの質量(W3)を測定し、以下の式に従って固形分含有率を求める。
上記水性ベースコート塗料組成物としては、例えば、自動車車体の塗装において通常使用されるそれ自体既知のものを使用することができる。具体的には、カルボキシル基、水酸基などの架橋性官能基を有する、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、アルキド樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等の基体樹脂と、ブロックされていてもよいポリイソシアネート化合物、メラミン樹脂、尿素樹脂等の架橋剤からなる樹脂成分を、顔料、その他の添加剤と共に水に溶解ないし分散させて塗料化したものを使用することができる。なかでも、基体樹脂として前記アクリル樹脂及び/又はポリエステル樹脂を使用し、硬化剤としてメラミン樹脂を使用する熱硬化型水性塗料を好適に用いることができる。
また、水性ベースコート塗料組成物は、さらに必要に応じて、硬化触媒、増粘剤、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤、消泡剤、可塑剤、有機溶剤、表面調整剤、沈降防止剤等の通常の塗料用添加剤を単独でもしくは2種以上組合せて含有することができる。
上記の如くして形成される第2ベースコート塗膜上には、さらに、クリヤコート塗料組成物が塗装される。
以上に述べた如くして形成される第1ベースコート塗膜、第2ベースコート塗膜及びクリヤコート塗膜の3層の塗膜からなる複層塗膜は、通常の塗膜の焼付け手段により、例えば、熱風加熱、赤外線加熱、高周波加熱等により、約80~約170℃、好ましくは約120~約160℃の温度で、約20~約40分間程度加熱して同時に硬化させることができる。
<アクリル樹脂粒子(A1)の製造>
製造例1
ガラスビーカー中で、2-エチルヘキシルアクリレート67.2部及びアリルメタクリレート2.8部を混合し、次いでこの混合物に「Newcol707SF」7部(商品名、日本乳化剤社製、ポリオキシエチレン鎖を有するアニオン性乳化剤、有効成分30%)、及び脱イオン水70部を加え、ディスパーにて2000rpmで15分間攪拌し、予備乳化液(1)を調製した。この予備乳化液(1)を高圧乳化装置(スギノマシン社製 アルティマイザー)にて高圧処理することにより、平均粒子径570nmのモノマー乳化物(1)を得た。
上記製造例1の、モノマー乳化物(1)を得る際の高圧乳化処理において、圧力を調整することにより、平均粒子径850nmのモノマー乳化物(1)を得る以外は、製造例1と同様にして、固形分濃度が30%のアクリル樹脂粒子(A1-2)分散液を得た。
上記製造例1の、モノマー乳化物(1)を得る際の高圧乳化処理において、圧力を調整することにより、平均粒子径170nmのモノマー乳化物(1)を得る以外は、製造例1と同様にして、固形分濃度が30%のアクリル樹脂粒子(A1-3)分散液を得た。
製造例4
温度計、サーモスタット、攪拌装置及び還流冷却器を備えた反応容器に、「PTMG-1000」(商品名、三菱化学製、ポリテトラメチレンエーテルグリコール、分子量約1000)68.9部、及びジメチロールプロピオン酸2.9部、トリメチロールプロパン1.5部、「ネオスタン U-600」(商品名、日東化成製、ビスマス系触媒)0.1部、メチルエチルケトン溶剤100部を仕込み、攪拌しながら80℃まで昇温させた後、イソホロンジイソシアネート26.1部を30分かけて滴下した。その後80℃を保持してNCO価が6.2mg/g以下となるまで反応させ、室温まで冷却することにより、末端イソシアネート基を有するポリウレタン樹脂のプレポリマー溶液を得た。得られたウレタンプレポリマーの数平均分子量は9000であった。
中和アミンの、ジメチルエタノールアミンを0.6部に減量する以外は、製造例4と同様にして、質量固形分濃度40%のウレタン樹脂粒子(A2-2)の水分散体を得た。
「PTMG-1000」の代わりに、「ETERNACOLL UH-100」(商品名、宇部興産製、1,6-ヘキサンジオールベースポリカーボネートジオール、分子量約1000)を使用する以外は、製造例4と同様にして、質量固形分濃度40%のウレタン樹脂粒子(A2-3)の水分散体を得た。
中和アミンの、ジメチルエタノールアミンを1.5部に増量する以外は、製造例4と同様にして、質量固形分濃度は40%のウレタン樹脂粒子(A2-4)の水分散体を得た。
製造例8
温度計、サーモスタット、攪拌装置及び還流冷却器を備えた反応容器に、「PTMG-1000」(商品名、三菱化学製、ポリテトラメチレンエーテルグリコール、分子量約1000)35.9部、ジメチロールプロピオン酸2.8部、n-ブチルアクリレート14部、2-エチルヘキシルアクリレート30.5部、ブチルヒドロキシトルエン0.01部及び「ネオスタン U-600」(商品名、日東化成製、ビスマス系触媒)0.1部を仕込み、90℃まで昇温させた後イソホロンジイソシアネート11.3部を30分かけて滴下した。その後90℃を保持し、NCO価が1mg/g以下となるまで反応させ、室温まで冷却した。この反応生成物に、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート3.5部及びアリルメタクリレート1部を添加しアクリルモノマーで希釈された水酸基含有ポリウレタン樹脂を得た。得られたポリウレタン樹脂の酸価は24mgKOH/g、水酸基価は14mgKOH/g、重量平均分子量は25000であった。
中和アミンの、ジメチルエタノールアミンを0.6部に減量する以外は、製造例8と同様にして、質量固形分濃度40%のアクリルウレタン複合樹脂粒子(A3-2)の水分散体を得た。
「PTMG-1000」の代わりに、「ETERNACOLL UH-100」(商品名、宇部興産製、1,6-ヘキサンジオールベースポリカーボネートジオール、分子量約1000)を使用する以外は、製造例8と同様にして、質量固形分濃度40%のアクリルウレタン複合樹脂粒子(A3-3)の水分散体を得た。
温度計、サーモスタット、攪拌装置及び還流冷却器を備えた反応容器に、「PTMG-1000」(商品名、三菱化学製、ポリテトラメチレンエーテルグリコール、分子量約1000)32.2部、ジメチロールプロピオン酸2.9部、n-ブチルアクリレート14部、2-エチルヘキシルアクリレート30.5部、ブチルヒドロキシトルエン0.01部及び「ネオスタン U-600」0.1部を仕込み、90℃まで昇温させた後イソホロンジイソシアネート13.3部を30分かけて滴下した。その後90℃を保持し、NCO価が11mg/g以下となるまで反応させ、更に2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート3.5部を仕込み、NCO価が1mg/g以下となるまで反応させ、室温まで冷却した。この反応生成物に、アリルメタクリレート1部を添加しアクリルモノマーで希釈された末端不飽和二重結合を含有するポリウレタン樹脂を得た。得られたポリウレタン樹脂の酸価は24mgKOH/g、水酸基価は0mgKOH/g、重量平均分子量は28000であった。
温度計、サーモスタット、攪拌装置及び還流冷却器を備えた反応容器に、「PTMG-1000」(商品名、三菱化学製、ポリテトラメチレンエーテルグリコール、分子量約1000)35.9部、ジメチロールプロピオン酸2.8部、n-ブチルアクリレート7部、2-エチルヘキシルアクリレート22部、ブチルヒドロキシトルエン0.01部及び「ネオスタン U-600」0.1部を仕込み、90℃まで昇温させた後イソホロンジイソシアネート11.3部を30分かけて滴下した。その後90℃を保持し、NCO価が1mg/g以下となるまで反応させ、室温まで冷却した。この反応生成物に、アリルメタクリレート1部を添加しアクリルモノマーで希釈された水酸基含有ポリウレタン樹脂を得た。得られたポリウレタン樹脂の酸価は24mgKOH/g、水酸基価は14mgKOH/g、重量平均分子量は25000であった。
2-エチルヘキシルアクリレート 8部
n-ブチルアクリレート 7部
2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート 3.5部
アクリル酸 0.5部
アリルメタクリレート 1部
「Newcol707SF」 2.0部
脱イオン水 15部
得られたアクリルウレタン複合樹脂粒子(A3-5)の平均粒子径は400nm(サブミクロン粒度分布測定装置「COULTER N4型」(ベックマン・コールター社製))を用いて、脱イオン水で希釈し20℃で測定)、粘度は160mPa・s(B型粘度計、60rpm、23℃)、水酸基価は22mgKOH/g、酸価は16mgKOH/gであった。
温度計、サーモスタット、攪拌装置及び還流冷却器を備えた反応容器に、「PTMG-1000」(商品名、三菱化学製、ポリテトラメチレンエーテルグリコール、分子量約1000)33.1部、ジメチロールプロピオン酸2.9部、n-ブチルアクリレート14部、2-エチルヘキシルアクリレート30.5部、ブチルヒドロキシトルエン0.01部及び「ネオスタン U-600」0.1部を仕込み、90℃まで昇温させた後イソホロンジイソシアネート13.6部を30分かけて滴下した。その後90℃を保持し、NCO価が11mg/g以下となるまで反応させ、室温まで冷却した。室温のまま、この反応生成物に、2-エチルへキシルメタクリレート3.5部及びアリルメタクリレート1部を添加し末端イソシアネート基含有ポリウレタン樹脂を得た。得られたポリウレタン樹脂の酸価は25mgKOH/g、水酸基価は0mgKOH/g、重量平均分子量は26000であった。
中和アミンの、ジメチルエタノールアミンを1.7部に増量する以外は、製造例8と同様にして、質量固形分濃度40%のアクリルウレタン複合樹脂粒子(A3-7)の水分散体を得た。
製造例15
温度計、サーモスタット、攪拌装置、還流冷却器及び水分離器を備えた反応容器に、トリメチロールプロパン174部、ネオペンチルグリコール327部、アジピン酸352部、イソフタル酸109部及び1,2-シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸無水物101部を仕込み、160℃から230℃まで3時間かけて昇温させた後、生成した縮合水を水分離器により留去させながら230℃で保持し、酸価が3mgKOH/g以下となるまで反応させた。この反応生成物に、無水トリメリット酸59部を添加し、170℃で30分間付加反応を行った後、50℃以下に冷却し、2-(ジメチルアミノ)エタノールを酸基に対して当量添加し中和してから、脱イオン水を徐々に添加することにより、固形分濃度45%、pH7.2の水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂(E)溶液を得た。得られた水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂は、酸価が35mgKOH/g、水酸基価が128mgKOH/g、数平均分子量が1500であった。
実施例1
製造例15で得た水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂(E)溶液22.2部(樹脂固形分10部)、「JR-806」(商品名、テイカ社製、ルチル型二酸化チタン)60部、「カーボンMA-100」(商品名、三菱化学社製、カーボンブラック)1部、「バリエースB-35」(商品名、堺化学工業社製、硫酸バリウム粉末、平均一次粒子径0.5μm)15部及び脱イオン水5部を混合し、2-(ジメチルアミノ)エタノールでpH8.0に調整した後、ペイントシェーカーで30分間分散して顔料分散ペーストを得た。
実施例1において、配合組成を下記表1に示す通りとする以外は、実施例1と同様にして、pH8.0、20℃におけるフォードカップNo.4による粘度45秒である各水性塗料組成物No.2~28を得た。
ポリオキシアルキレン基含有ポリオール(B3):ポリオキシプロピレングリセリルエーテル、数平均分子量600
ポリオキシアルキレン基含有ポリオール(B4):ポリオキシプロピレングリセリルエーテル、数平均分子量1000
ポリオキシアルキレン基含有ポリオール(B5):ポリオキシプロピレングリセリルエーテル、数平均分子量1500
ポリオキシアルキレン基含有ポリオール(B6):ポリオキシプロピレングリセリルエーテル、数平均分子量3000
ジエステル化合物(C2):ポリオキシエチレングリコールと2-エチルヘキサン酸のジエステル化合物。前記一般式(1)で、R1が炭素数7の分岐アルキル基であり、R2がエチレン基であり、mが7である。分子量578。
リン酸亜鉛化成処理を施した冷延鋼板に、「エレクロンGT-10」(商品名、関西ペイント社製、カチオン電着塗料)を乾燥膜厚20μmとなるように電着塗装し、170℃で30分間加熱して硬化させて試験用被塗物とした。
上記試験用被塗物に、中塗塗料として、各水性塗料組成物を、27℃、相対湿度50%の条件下で回転霧化型の静電塗装機を用いて、硬化膜厚25μmとなるように静電塗装し、5分間放置後、80℃で3分間プレヒートを行なった。次いで、該未硬化の中塗塗膜上に「WBC-713T No.1F7」(商品名、関西ペイント社製、アクリルメラミン樹脂系水性ベースコート塗料、シルバー塗色)を、回転霧化型の静電塗装機を用いて、硬化膜厚15μmとなるように静電塗装し、5分間放置後、80℃で3分間プレヒートを行なった。
また、耐タレ性の試験板は別途、以下のようにして作成した。
平滑性:「Wave Scan DOI」(商品名、BYK Gardner社製)によって測定されるWc値を用いて評価した。Wc値は、1~3mm程度の波長の表面粗度の振幅の指標であり、測定値が小さいほど塗面の平滑性が高いことを示す。
A:キズの大きさが小さく、電着面や素地の鋼板が露出していない
B:キズの大きさは小さいが、電着面や素地の鋼板が露出している
C:キズの大きさはかなり大きく、素地の鋼板も大きく露出している。
Claims (6)
- 平均粒子径が300~1000nmである樹脂粒子(A)、
数平均分子量300~2000のポリオキシアルキレン基含有ポリオール(B)及び/又はジエステル化合物(C)、ならびに架橋剤(D)を含有し、
ジエステル化合物(C)は下記式(1)で表され、
[式中、2個のR1は互いに同じであっても異なっていてもよい炭素数4~18の炭化水素基を示す。R2は炭素数2~4の直鎖状もしくは分岐鎖状のアルキレン基を示す。mは3~25の整数を示す。m個のオキシアルキレン単位(R2-O)は互いに同じであっても又は互いに異なっていても良い。]
ポリオキシアルキレン基含有ポリオール(B)及びジエステル化合物(C)の固形分総量が、樹脂粒子(A)、ポリオキシアルキレン基含有ポリオール(B)、ジエステル化合物(C)及び架橋剤(D)の固形分総量に対して、5~25質量%である、水性塗料組成物。 - 樹脂粒子(A)が、アクリル樹脂粒子(A1)、ウレタン樹脂粒子(A2)、及びアクリルウレタン複合樹脂粒子(A3)よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1に記載の水性塗料組成物。
- 樹脂粒子(A)の固形分総量が、樹脂粒子(A)、ポリオキシアルキレン基含有ポリオール(B)、ジエステル化合物(C)及び架橋剤(D)の固形分総量に対して、15~50質量%である請求項1又は2に記載の水性塗料組成物。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の水性塗料組成物の塗膜を有する物品。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の水性塗料組成物を被塗物に塗装することを含む塗膜形成方法。
- (1)被塗物に請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の水性塗料組成物を塗装して第1ベースコート塗膜を形成せしめる工程、
(2)未硬化の該第1ベースコート塗膜上に水性ベースコート塗料組成物を塗装して第2ベースコート塗膜を形成せしめる工程、
(3)未硬化の該第2ベースコート塗膜上にクリヤコート塗料組成物を塗装してクリヤコート塗膜を形成せしめる工程、ならびに
(4)該未硬化の、第1ベースコート塗膜、第2ベースコート塗膜及びクリヤコート塗膜を同時に加熱硬化させる工程を含む、複層塗膜形成方法。
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| CN201780018838.5A CN108884360B (zh) | 2016-03-22 | 2017-03-16 | 水性涂料组合物 |
| CA3017866A CA3017866C (en) | 2016-03-22 | 2017-03-16 | Aqueous coating composition |
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| US20190077985A1 (en) | 2019-03-14 |
| EP3434744A4 (en) | 2019-11-13 |
| CA3017866A1 (en) | 2017-09-28 |
| CN108884360A (zh) | 2018-11-23 |
| CA3017866C (en) | 2020-10-13 |
| EP3434744A1 (en) | 2019-01-30 |
| JPWO2017164072A1 (ja) | 2019-02-07 |
| US11021631B2 (en) | 2021-06-01 |
| CN108884360B (zh) | 2021-04-16 |
| JP6884754B2 (ja) | 2021-06-09 |
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