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WO2017151004A1 - Élément à couches multiples à propriétés optiques variables (et variantes) - Google Patents

Élément à couches multiples à propriétés optiques variables (et variantes) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017151004A1
WO2017151004A1 PCT/RU2016/000119 RU2016000119W WO2017151004A1 WO 2017151004 A1 WO2017151004 A1 WO 2017151004A1 RU 2016000119 W RU2016000119 W RU 2016000119W WO 2017151004 A1 WO2017151004 A1 WO 2017151004A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sheet
sheets
elastic
space
scattering
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/RU2016/000119
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Сергей Анатольевич ДАВЫДЕНКО
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to PCT/RU2016/000119 priority Critical patent/WO2017151004A1/fr
Publication of WO2017151004A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017151004A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/54—Slab-like translucent elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters

Definitions

  • the element is multi-layered with varying optical properties (options).
  • the claimed technical solution relates to optical technology and is intended for the manufacture of translucent structures.
  • an electrochromic window is known (RF patent Ne 21 17971 for an invention, IPC G02F1 / 15, 1998).
  • this analogue contains a transparent rigid substrate and layers of thin films deposited on it.
  • the specified analogue contains an additional substrate, while the layers of thin films are located between two substrates.
  • the substrates can be made of glass.
  • the layers of thin films are an electrochromic device that changes color when an electric current flows through it.
  • the first disadvantage of this analogue is the need to perform a large number of layers of an electrochromic device. With this design, the manufacturing technology of the electrochromic window is complicated. The technology provides for the manufacture of such a window in a vacuum.
  • the second disadvantage of the analogue is the use of rare earth materials, which leads to the high cost of the electrochromic device.
  • the technical problem to which the claimed technical solutions for both options are directed is to simplify the design of an element with varying optical properties.
  • the multilayer element with varying optical properties contains superimposed first (1) and second (2) sheets, the space between which is sealed. It differs in that the sheets are made of optically transmissive material, while: 16 000119
  • the surface of the first sheet can be elastic diffusing, and the adjacent surface of the second sheet is hard smooth;
  • the surface of the first sheet can be elastic smooth, and the adjacent surface of the second sheet is hard diffusing;
  • the surface of the first sheet can be elastic smooth, and the adjacent surface of the second sheet is elastic scattering;
  • the surface of the first sheet and the adjacent surface of the second sheet can be elastic scattering.
  • the scattering surface can be made in the form of rows of pyramids, or cones, or hemispheres, or in the form of triangular prisms lying side faces parallel to each other on a flat surface of the sheet.
  • the space between the sheets is preferably connected to a means for regulating pressure.
  • the multilayer element with varying optical properties contains superimposed first (1) and second (2) sheets, the space between which is sealed. It differs in that the sheets are made of optically transmissive material, while one of the adjacent surfaces is soft and the other is scattering.
  • the scattering surface may be elastic or rigid.
  • the scattering surface may be in the form of rows of pyramids, or cones, or hemispheres, or in the form of triangular prisms lying side faces parallel to each other on a flat surface of the sheet.
  • the space between the sheets is preferably connected to a means for regulating pressure.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a multilayer element with varying optical properties in both cases in one of the simplest implementations
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the inventive element according to embodiment 1 with a two-layer execution of the first sheet
  • FIG. 3 is a cross section of the claimed element according to option 1 with inclusions of foreign material in the second sheet
  • FIG. 4-7 examples of the appearance of microroughnesses in both variants of a multilayer element
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the claimed element according to both options with additional channels
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the claimed element according to example 1 according to both options
  • FIG. 10 is a cross section of the claimed element according to example 3 of option 1; in FIG.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross section of the claimed element according to example 4 of option 1; in FIG. 12 is a cross section of the claimed element according to example 5 of option 1; in FIG. 13 is a cross section of the claimed element according to example 6 of option 1 and example 2 of option 2; in FIG. 14 is a cross section of the claimed element according to example 7 of option 1; in FIG. 15, 16 - examples of the appearance of the claimed element according to option 1 (view from the side of the surface of the first sheet);
  • a multilayer element with varying optical properties contains at least two superimposed sheets (1, 2), the space between which is sealed around the perimeter of the sheets or along some other contour on the sheets.
  • the sheets are made of a material that optically transmits at least part of the spectrum, for example:
  • Adjacent surfaces of the first (1) and second (2) sheets are made so that the following two conditions are satisfied simultaneously:
  • the surface of the first (1) sheet is hard smooth, and the adjacent surface of the second sheet (2) is elastic scattering;
  • the surface of the first (1) sheet is elastic, smooth, and the adjacent surface of the second sheet (2) is hard diffusing;
  • the surface of the first sheet (1) is elastic smooth, and the adjacent surface of the second sheet (2) is elastic scattering;
  • the surface of the first sheet (1) is elastic scattering, and the adjacent surface of the second sheet (2) is soft.
  • the adjacent surfaces of the first (1) and second (2) sheets with the space between them form the active layer of the multilayer element.
  • Rigid material can be glass, sheet or film of monolithic polycarbonate, plexiglass.
  • the elastic material may be silicone, polyurethane resin or rubber.
  • the first sheet (1) may contain an elastic outer layer with a smooth surface and a hard inner layer with a smooth surface that mates with the elastic scattering surface of the second sheet (2) (Fig. 2).
  • the first sheet (1) may comprise a rigid outer layer with a smooth surface and a thin elastic inner layer with smooth surface, mating with the elastic scattering surface of the second sheet (2).
  • the first sheet (1) is made rigid with a smooth surface
  • the second sheet (2) is made rigid and comprising from the side of the first sheet (1) the inclusion of an elastic material with a scattering surface (Fig. 3).
  • the scattering surface is a surface with microroughnesses.
  • Microroughnesses are a combination of microprotrusions and microdepressions.
  • the purpose of microroughnesses is the scattering of optical radiation, including its reflection from a scattering surface.
  • Microprotrusions can be made in the form of convex pyramids (Fig. 4), cones (Fig. 5), prisms (Fig. 6) or hemispheres (Fig. 7).
  • the base of the pyramids in particular, can be triangular, square, rectangular, hexagonal.
  • the arrangement of microroughnesses on the sheet can be ordered or chaotic. With an ordered arrangement of microroughnesses, the scattering properties of the sheet are higher than with a random arrangement.
  • the degree of haze (scattering ability) of the surface should be sufficient so that it is impossible for a person to identify objects behind this surface.
  • the linear transverse size of microroughness is in the range from 1 micrometer to several millimeters.
  • Microroughnesses on the sheet can be performed, for example, in the following ways:
  • Microroughness can be applied directly to the sheet.
  • a primer or glue may be used;
  • Microcavities is the space between the microprotrusions.
  • Microdepressions are designed to supply air or other gas to the space between the sheets, and, accordingly, the removal of air or other gas from there. Thanks to microdepressions, gas is discharged evenly from the entire surface area of the sheet.
  • channels (3) can be made (Fig. 8).
  • the channels are formed due to the implementation of microdepressions communicating with each other.
  • the channels can be made regardless of the profile of the microdeclusions and microprotrusions.
  • the channels can be located in the form of a lattice, honeycombs or in the form of other structures, but can be arranged randomly. With an ordered arrangement of microprotrusions, the channels can, for example, be made in the form of enlarged microcavities or in the form of missing rows of microprotrusions.
  • the linear size (in particular width) of each channel is preferably such that the channels are not visible to the human eye.
  • Channels (3) can be made either on the surface with microroughnesses of one sheet, or on the adjacent surface of another sheet, which can be smooth or also with microroughnesses.
  • the space between the first (1) and second (2) sheets, which are microdepressions and channels, is connected to a pressure control means (not shown), for example, a pump.
  • a pressure control means for example, a pump.
  • This connection can be direct, or using a tube.
  • the pressure control means can be made in the form of a micropump placed in the space between the sheets.
  • the space between the sheets can be filled with air or other gas.
  • the multilayer element can be made as described above, not over its entire area, but selectively, in sections. These sections may be images and / or inscriptions.
  • Example 1 The first sheet (1) is made rigid with a smooth surface, and the second sheet (2) is made rigid with a layer of microroughness in the form of prisms from an elastic material applied to the surface adjacent to the surface of the first sheet (1) (Fig. 9).
  • the channels (3) are formed by the space between the said elastic prisms on the surface of the second sheet (2).
  • Example 2. Similar to example 1. But in addition, to increase the speed of gas removal and supply to the scattering regions, channels are also made on the surface of the first sheet (1) adjacent to the surface of the second sheet (2).
  • Example 3 Similar to example 1. Additionally, the multilayer element contains a third smooth sheet (4) (Fig. 10).
  • the third sheet (4) is made rigid, for example of glass or monolithic polycarbonate, and is located under the second sheet (2). A thin layer of elastic material is applied to the surface of the third sheet (4) adjacent to the surface of the second sheet (2). The space between the second (2) and third (4) sheets is also sealed.
  • a layer of microroughnesses in the form of prisms from an elastic material is applied to the surface of the second sheet (2) adjacent to the surface of the third sheet (4).
  • Prisms in the active layer between the second and third sheets are oriented perpendicular to the prisms in the active layer between the first and second sheets.
  • the channels (3) in this region are formed by the space between the said elastic prisms on the surface of the second sheet (2).
  • the space between the second (2) and third (4) sheets is connected by a tube to the same or another means of regulating the pressure (means of creating a vacuum).
  • Example 4 The first sheet (1) is made completely rigid. Microroughnesses in the form of hemispheres are made on the surface of the first sheet (1) adjacent to the surface of the second sheet (2).
  • the second sheet (2) is made transparent elastic with a smooth surface.
  • the channels (3) are formed by the space between the said hemispheres on the surface of the first sheet (1) (Fig. 1 1).
  • the material of the various sheets of the multilayer element is selected so that it has close values of the refractive index.
  • Example 5 Similar to example 4. But in addition to increasing the speed of gas removal and supply to the scattering regions, channels (3) are also made on the surface of the second sheet (2) adjacent to the surface of the first sheet (1) (Fig. 12).
  • a multilayer element contains a third transparent smooth sheet (4) (Fig. 13).
  • the third sheet (4) is made rigid, for example of glass or monolithic polycarbonate, and is located under the second sheet (2).
  • the third sheet in this example is intended to give structural rigidity to the multilayer element.
  • Example 7 Similar to example 4. Additionally, the multilayer element contains a third sheet (4) (Fig. 14).
  • the third sheet (4) is made rigid, for example of glass or monolithic polycarbonate, and is located under the second sheet (2). The space between the second (2) and third (4) sheets is sealed along the outline of the sheets.
  • microroughnesses in the form of hemispheres are made adjacent to the surface of the second sheet (2).
  • Channels (3) in this region are formed by the space between the aforementioned microroughnesses on the surface of the third sheet (4).
  • the space between the second (2) and third (4) sheets is connected by a tube to the same or another means of regulating the pressure (means of creating a vacuum).
  • the presence of two layers of microroughnesses improves the diffusion of light penetrating through the multilayer element.
  • Example 8 The first (1) and second (2) sheets are made rigid with layers of microroughness deposited on adjacent surfaces in the form of triangular prisms of elastic material. On each sheet, the prisms lie with lateral faces parallel to each other. The sheets are oriented relative to each other so that the free edges of the prisms on these sheets are oriented perpendicular to each other.
  • the channels (3) are formed by the space between the said elastic prisms on the surface of the sheets.
  • Example 9 To change the color of the light flux, the sheets (1, 2) are painted.
  • Example 10 The scattering surface occupies part of the surface of the sheets and is made in the form of images (Fig. 15), inscriptions or areas surrounding such images (Fig. 16) and inscriptions (inverse image or inscriptions).
  • the implementation of the claimed technical solution is not limited to the above examples.
  • the number of alternating sheets forming active layers can be increased to enhance the scattering properties of a multilayer element with varying optical properties.
  • the optical radiation incident on the multilayer element changes its direction of propagation.
  • Part of the luminous flux is reflected from the surface with microroughnesses of one or several sheets, part passes through this surface.
  • the channels (3) including the microdroplets of the scattering surface, ensure uniform gas removal from the entire surface of the sheets. After pumping gas from the space between the sheets, the multilayer element becomes transparent.
  • microroughnesses are made elastic, then when pumping gas from the space between the sheets, they are deformed and take the form of a hard sheet, to which they are pressed. If the surface of the other sheet is also elastic, then when the gas is pumped out, both surfaces are deformed and pressed against each other.
  • microroughnesses are made rigid, then when pumping gas from the space between the sheets, the surface of the elastic sheet to which microroughnesses are pressed is deformed and takes the form of these microroughnesses.
  • the element is multilayer with varying optical properties (Fig. 1) contains at least two sheets superimposed on each other (1, 2), the space between which is sealed around the perimeter of the sheets or along some other contour on the sheets.
  • the sheets are made of a material that optically transmits at least part of the spectrum, for example:
  • the adjacent surfaces of the first (1) and second (2) sheets are designed so that one of the adjacent surfaces is soft and the other is matte diffuser.
  • the other surface may be stiff or elastic.
  • the adjacent surfaces of the first (1) and second (2) sheets with the space between them form the active layer of the multilayer element.
  • Rigid material can be glass, sheet or film of monolithic polycarbonate, plexiglass.
  • the elastic material may be silicone, polyurethane resin or rubber.
  • the soft material may be transparent polymer clay or resin.
  • the scattering surface is a surface with microroughnesses. Microroughnesses are a combination of microprotrusions and microdepressions. The purpose of microroughnesses is the scattering of optical radiation, including its reflection from a scattering surface. Microprotrusions can be made in the form of convex pyramids (Fig. 4), cones (Fig. 5), prisms (Fig. 6) or hemispheres (Fig. 7).
  • the base of the pyramids in particular, can be triangular, square, rectangular, hexagonal.
  • the arrangement of microroughnesses on the sheet can be ordered or chaotic. With an ordered arrangement of microroughnesses, the scattering properties of the sheet are higher than with a random arrangement.
  • the linear transverse size of microroughness is in the range from 1 micrometer to several millimeters.
  • Microroughnesses on the sheet can be performed, for example, in the following ways:
  • Microroughness can be applied directly to the sheet.
  • a primer or glue may be used;
  • Microcavities is the space between the microprotrusions. Microcavities are designed to supply air or other gas to the space between the sheets, and, accordingly, to drain air or other gas from there. Thanks to microdepressions, gas is discharged evenly from the entire surface area of the sheet.
  • Fig. 8 To increase the efficiency of supply and exhaust of air on one of the adjacent surfaces of the sheets (1, 2), additional open channels (3) can be made (Fig. 8).
  • the channels are formed due to the implementation of microdepressions communicating with each other.
  • the channels can be made regardless of the profile of the microdeclusions and microprotrusions.
  • the channels can be located in the form of a lattice, honeycombs or in the form of other structures, but can be arranged randomly. With an ordered arrangement of microprotrusions, the channels can, for example, be made in the form of enlarged microcavities or in the form of missing rows of microprotrusions.
  • the linear size (in particular width) of each channel is preferably such that the channels are not visible to the human eye.
  • Channels (3) can be made either on the surface with microroughnesses of one sheet, or on the adjacent surface of another sheet, which can be smooth or with microroughnesses.
  • the space between the first (1) and second (2) sheets, which are microdepressions and channels, is connected to a pressure control means (not shown), for example, a pump. This connection can be direct, or using a tube.
  • the pressure control means can be made in the form of a micropump placed in the space between the sheets.
  • the space between the sheets can be filled with air or other gas.
  • the multilayer element can be made as described above, not over its entire area, but selectively, in sections. These sections may be images and / or inscriptions.
  • Example 1 The first sheet (1) is made soft, and the second sheet (2) is made rigid with a layer of microroughness in the form of prisms made of elastic material applied to the surface adjacent to the surface of the first sheet (1) (Fig. 9).
  • the channels (3) are formed by the space between the said elastic prisms on the surface of the second sheet (2).
  • Example 2 The first sheet (1) is made completely rigid. On the surface of the first sheet (1) adjacent to the surface of the second sheet (2), microroughnesses are made in the form of hemispheres (Fig. 13). The second sheet (2) is made soft. The channels (3) are formed by the space between the said hemispheres on the surface of the first sheet (1).
  • the material of the various sheets of the multilayer element is selected so that it has close values of the refractive index.
  • the multilayer element contains a third transparent smooth sheet (4).
  • the third sheet (4) is made rigid, for example of glass or monolithic polycarbonate, and is located under the second sheet (2).
  • the third sheet in this example is intended to give structural rigidity to the multilayer element.
  • the implementation of the claimed technical solution is not limited to the above examples.
  • the number of alternating sheets forming active layers can be increased to enhance the scattering properties of a multilayer element with varying optical properties.
  • the channels (3) including the microdroplets of the scattering surface, ensure uniform gas removal from the entire surface of the sheets. After pumping gas from the space between the sheets, the multilayer element becomes transparent.
  • microroughnesses are made rigid, then when pumping gas from the space between the sheets, the surface of the soft sheet to which microroughnesses are pressed is deformed and takes the form of these microroughnesses.
  • microroughnesses are made elastic, then when pumping gas from the space between the sheets, they are deformed along with the surface of the soft sheet.
  • microdepressions and channels (3) ensure uniform distribution of gas over the entire surface of the sheet.
  • a soft sheet moves away from the surface of another sheet, maintaining the shape of the surface to which it was pressed. If another sheet has an elastic surface, then microroughnesses on it are restored. Microroughnesses begin to scatter the light flux.
  • the claimed technical solution is implemented using industrially produced devices and materials, can be manufactured at an industrial enterprise and will be widely used in the fields of architecture, advertising and design of premises.
  • a multilayer element can be used for the manufacture of display cases and partitions, transforming into multimedia screens.
  • the implementation of the rear wall of the display case facing the street from a multilayer element allows either to accentuate the attention of passers-by on the samples located in the display case (for example, clothes, cars), or to show the interior of the trading premises.
  • Multilayer element can be used for internal and external privacy controls (e.g. meeting rooms, intensive care medical rooms, bathrooms, showers).
  • the multilayer element can be used as a temporary projection screen.
  • a laminated element can be used as a replacement for electrochromic glass in architecture:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)

Abstract

L'élément de l'invention possède des couches multiples qui ont des propriétés optiques variables et se rapporte aux équipements optiques et sert à la fabrication de constructions transparentes à la lumière. L'invention permet une simplification de la structure. L'élément comprend une première (1) et une deuxième (2) feuilles superposées l'espace entre lesquelles est étanche. Les feuilles sont faites d'un matériau optiquement transparent. Dans un premier mode de réalisation, une des surfaces adjacentes est élastique, et cette surface ou la surface qui y est adjacente a une capacité de dissipation. Dans un premier mode de réalisation, une des surfaces adjacentes est souple et l'autre a une capacité de dissipation.
PCT/RU2016/000119 2016-03-04 2016-03-04 Élément à couches multiples à propriétés optiques variables (et variantes) Ceased WO2017151004A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2016/000119 WO2017151004A1 (fr) 2016-03-04 2016-03-04 Élément à couches multiples à propriétés optiques variables (et variantes)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2016/000119 WO2017151004A1 (fr) 2016-03-04 2016-03-04 Élément à couches multiples à propriétés optiques variables (et variantes)

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WO2017151004A1 true WO2017151004A1 (fr) 2017-09-08

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4887890A (en) * 1986-12-20 1989-12-19 Dornier System Gmbh Controlled transparency
WO2003008188A1 (fr) * 2001-05-08 2003-01-30 Zhongming Wang Plaque transparente a transparence commandee par pression
US7085060B2 (en) * 2002-09-30 2006-08-01 Omron Corporation Optical component for liquid crystal display
US20140047783A1 (en) * 2012-08-16 2014-02-20 Hanoch Shalit Window with modifiable transparency

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4887890A (en) * 1986-12-20 1989-12-19 Dornier System Gmbh Controlled transparency
WO2003008188A1 (fr) * 2001-05-08 2003-01-30 Zhongming Wang Plaque transparente a transparence commandee par pression
US7085060B2 (en) * 2002-09-30 2006-08-01 Omron Corporation Optical component for liquid crystal display
US20140047783A1 (en) * 2012-08-16 2014-02-20 Hanoch Shalit Window with modifiable transparency

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