WO2017039002A1 - 5-ヒドロキシメチルシトシン酸化剤及び5-ヒドロキシメチルシトシン解析方法 - Google Patents
5-ヒドロキシメチルシトシン酸化剤及び5-ヒドロキシメチルシトシン解析方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017039002A1 WO2017039002A1 PCT/JP2016/075897 JP2016075897W WO2017039002A1 WO 2017039002 A1 WO2017039002 A1 WO 2017039002A1 JP 2016075897 W JP2016075897 W JP 2016075897W WO 2017039002 A1 WO2017039002 A1 WO 2017039002A1
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- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
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- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
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- C07D211/94—Oxygen atom, e.g. piperidine N-oxide
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- C07D451/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof
- C07D451/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane ring systems, e.g. granatane, 2-aza-adamantane; Cyclic acetals thereof
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- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an agent that oxidizes 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hydroxymethylcytosine; often referred to as “5hmC” in the present specification) generated during DNA demethylation and the like, 5-formylcytosine (5- formylcytosine (often referred to as “5fC” in this specification), and a DNA demethylation analysis reagent for identifying the DNA demethylation site, and 5hmC as an index of DAN demethylation using the detection reagent It is related with the method of analyzing.
- DNA methylation which is one form of DNA modification, is a CpG sequence consisting of a phosphodiester bond between cytosine and guanine on the DNA.
- the carbon at the 5-position of cytosine is methylated by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), and 5-methyl It is produced by conversion to cytosine (5-methylcytosine; often referred to herein as “5 mC”) (FIG. 1).
- DNMT DNA methyltransferase
- 5 mC 5-methylcytosine
- the methyl group at 5 mC does not participate in the formation of hydrogen bonds between base pairs, but affects the interaction between protein and DNA, so that gene expression can be inactivated in methylated DNA. Therefore, organisms epigenetically control gene expression and cell and tissue differentiation and aging by DNA methylation (Non-Patent Documents 1 to 6).
- demethylation of DNA is completed by removing the 5 mC methyl group by the catalytic activity of an enzyme such as TET (Ten-Eleven-Translocation) and converting it to the original cytosine (FIG. 1).
- the demethylation reaction in vivo does not remove the methyl group at once, but a multi-step hydroxylation reaction from 5mC to 5hmC, 5fC, and 5-carboxyl cytosine (5caC: 5-carboxylcytsine). It has become clear that it is converted into cytosine (Non-Patent Documents 7 to 10). However, there are many unclear points about the specific mechanism of each reaction.
- DNA demethylation is a change on DNA that is extremely important in the reactivation of gene functions including the reprogramming of cells such as germ cells.
- Non-Patent Documents 11 to 13 a method of modifying a sugar to the hydroxyl group of 5hmC using an enzyme
- Non-Patent Document 14 a method of capturing with an anti-5hmC antibody
- ruthenate a method using Non-Patent Document 15 is known.
- the sugar modification method has a problem that it is easily influenced by an enzyme activity that catalyzes the sugar modification and a problem that analysis accuracy is low.
- the antibody capture method can recover a DNA fragment containing 5hmC, it cannot identify the position of 5hmC in the DNA fragment. Therefore, there has been a problem that after the DNA fragment recovery, a work for specifying the position of 5hmC has to be performed separately.
- the method using ruthenate is currently the most commonly used method for detecting 5hmC. This method is based on the principle of detecting 5fC produced by oxidizing a hydroxyl group of 5hmC with a ruthenate such as potassium perruthenate.
- a ruthenate such as potassium perruthenate.
- ruthenium is a rare metal, there is a cost problem that ruthenate is expensive.
- ruthenate oxidizes hydroxyl groups nonspecifically, there is a problem that there are many side reactions to other hydroxyl groups in biomolecules. Furthermore, side effects such as destabilization and degradation of DNA structure have been suggested.
- the present invention is to develop and provide a cheap and novel 5hmC oxidant capable of suppressing side reactions and selectively oxidizing 5hmC on DNA to convert it to 5fC.
- the present invention is to develop and provide a DNA demethylation analysis method capable of reducing the false positive rate in detecting DNA demethylation and detecting a demethylation site with high accuracy.
- 5hmC includes an allyl alcohol structure (inside the broken line in FIG. 1). Molecules with an allyl alcohol structure are extremely rare in a huge variety of biomolecules.
- the present inventors considered that the allyl alcohol structure can serve as a target site for a 5hmC-specific reaction, and searched for an easily available and inexpensive reagent that can selectively oxidize a hydroxyl group in the structure. .
- the present invention is based on the development results and provides the following.
- a 5hmC oxidizing agent comprising the following (a) and / or (b).
- (b) Nitroxyl radical molecule-copper complex (2) The 5hmC oxidant according to (1), further comprising (c) below.
- the 5hmC oxidizing agent according to (1) which is nonane N′-oxyl or a derivative thereof.
- a DNA demethylation analysis reagent comprising the 5hmC oxidizing agent according to any one of (1) to (3).
- the DNA demethylation analysis reagent according to (4) further comprising bisulfite.
- a DNA demethylation analysis kit comprising the DNA demethylation analysis reagent according to (5).
- a method for oxidizing 5hmC comprising mixing a test substance that can contain 5hmC and the 5hmC oxidizing agent according to any one of (1) to (3) in a reaction solution, and the reaction solution And an oxidation step of oxidizing the hydroxyl group of the allyl alcohol structure contained in 5hmC by incubating at 4 to 90 ° C. for 1 to 100 hours.
- a method for analyzing 5hmC comprising a step of mixing DNA and the 5hmC oxidizing agent according to any one of (1) to (3) in a reaction solution, and the reaction solution at 4 to 90 ° C.
- the method comprising an oxidation step of oxidizing 1 to 100 hours to oxidize a hydroxyl group of an allyl alcohol structure constituting 5hmC, and a detection step of detecting 5fC produced in the oxidation step.
- the method according to (8) including a hydrogen bond cutting step of cutting hydrogen bonds contained in DNA prior to the mixing step.
- the method according to (9) comprising a DNA extraction step of extracting DNA from a biological sample prior to the hydrogen bond cleavage step.
- the 5hmC oxidant of the present invention is inexpensive and can selectively oxidize only the hydroxyl group of the allyl alcohol structure present in 5hmC and convert it to 5fC.
- 5hmC generated by DNA demethylation can be converted to 5fC without affecting the DNA structure and detected. Moreover, the DNA demethylation site can be detected with high accuracy from the result.
- FIG. X in the base sequence of the target DNA represents 5hmC
- Y represents 5fC. If 5fC is not generated by the 5hmC oxidizing agent of the present invention, the cleavage reaction by piperidine does not occur, and the target DNA remains as indicated by the lower arrow. It is the figure which imaged the gel after the electrophoresis performed in Example 1 with fluorescein. This figure shows the cleavage reaction result by piperidine treatment.
- the DNA (15mer) is the 15-mer DNA shown in Figure 2 added at the start of the reaction as the target DNA, and the DNA (7mer) is the 7-mer DNA at the 5 'end that is expected to be generated by the cleavage reaction by piperidine treatment. (Corresponding to the cleaved DNA 1 in FIG. 2).
- FIG. 3 it is the figure which plotted the fluorescence intensity of the band of 15mer (A) and 7mer (B). It is a figure which shows the time-dependent analysis result by HPLC when processing (a) deoxy 5-hydroxymethyl cytidine (d5hmC) and (b) deoxy 5-methyl cytidine (d5mC) with the 5hmC oxidizing agent of this invention.
- d5fC represents deoxy5-formylcytidine. It is a figure which shows the time-dependent analysis result by HPLC when deoxycytidine (dC), deoxythymidine (dT), deoxyguanosine (dG), and deoxyadenosine (dA) are processed with the 5hmC oxidizing agent of this invention.
- A is a figure which shows the analysis result of quantitative PCR.
- B is an enlarged view of the 21st to 26th cycle region of PCR in the A diagram (in the black frame in the A diagram).
- the solid line is the analysis result of the control untreated DNA
- the broken line is the analysis result of the DNA treated with the 5hmC oxidizing agent of the present invention
- the dotted line is the analysis result of the DNA treated with potassium perruthenate. It is.
- A is the detection principle of the bisulfite sequencing method
- B is the 5hmC oxidation method (including the method of the present invention and the ruthenium method)
- C is the detection principle of the TAB-seq method. It is a figure which shows the reproducibility of each 5hmC detection method performed in Example 4.
- FIG. A shows the reproduction results of the bisulfite sequencing method, B of the 5hmC oxidation method of the present invention, C of the ruthenium method, and D of the TAB-seq method. It is a figure which shows the result of Example 5.
- A shows the results of the 5hmC oxidation method and bisulfite sequencing method of the present invention
- B shows the results of the ruthenium method and bisulfite sequencing method
- C shows the results of the TAB-seq method and bisulfite sequencing method.
- a first aspect of the present invention is a 5-hydroxymethylcytosine oxidizing agent (5hmC oxidizing agent).
- the oxidizing agent of the present invention is characterized in that only the hydroxyl group of the allyl alcohol structure contained in 5hmC is oxidized and converted to 5fC.
- 5hmC that can be contained in a biological sample can be selectively oxidized and converted to 5fC at low cost without causing side reactions such as DNA degradation. Therefore, the 5hmC oxidizing agent of the present invention can be interpreted as a 5hmC to 5fC converter.
- 5hmC is a modified form of cytosine, which is one of the pyrimidine bases.
- the 5mC methyl group is hydroxylated by the catalytic activity of enzymes such as TET as described above. . It is a starting material in the DNA demethylation reaction and can therefore be an indicator of DNA demethylation.
- 5hmC is a target molecule that is subject to selective oxidation of the 5hmC oxidant of the present invention.
- Allyl alcohol structure is an intramolecular structure including the basic skeleton of allyl alcohol (2-propen-1-ol). Although it is a structure rarely present in biomolecules, as shown in FIG. 1, 5hmC, which is the target molecule of the present invention, has an allyl alcohol structure in the molecule (in a broken line frame in FIG. 1). ing.
- Allyl alcohol is known as an unsaturated alcohol having the simplest structure.
- the 5hmC oxidizing agent of the present invention selectively oxidizes hydroxyl groups in allyl alcohol or allyl alcohol structures. As described above, since the allyl alcohol structure rarely exists in the biomolecule, the 5hmC oxidizing agent of the present invention can substantially selectively oxidize only 5hmC.
- 5fC is a modified form of cytosine and is generated by oxidation of a hydroxyl group in the allyl alcohol structure of 5hmC. In vivo, it is known as an intermediate product following 5hmC in the DNA demethylation reaction (FIG. 1). While 5hmC is difficult to detect directly, various detection methods including bisulfite have been established for 5fC, and direct detection is easy. Therefore, in the chemical detection method of 5hmC, an indirect detection method is used in which 5hmC is oxidized and converted to 5fC, and then the 5fC is detected as in the ruthenium method. This principle is also applied to the fifth embodiment of the present invention described later.
- Biological samples are biological samples.
- a sample which can contain DNA, preferably demethylated DNA, which is a test substance in the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine analysis method of the fifth aspect described later can be used.
- Specific examples include cells (including tissues and organs) and body fluids that can contain cells.
- body fluid refers to a fluid sample collected directly from an individual.
- blood including whole blood, serum, plasma and interstitial fluid
- lymph fluid cerebrospinal fluid
- perineural fluid perineural fluid
- synovial fluid tear fluid
- nasal discharge saliva, urine, sweat, milk, sputum, vaginal fluid
- saliva saliva
- urine sweat
- milk sputum
- vaginal fluid This includes semen, pleural effusion, and ascites.
- the biological sample used in the present invention may be cells of any tissue or organ, or any of the above body fluids.
- a biological sample derived from a living body that is, a living individual
- it is preferably a cell or body fluid that is less invasive to the individual at the time of collection.
- a biological sample derived from a living body that is, a living individual
- it is preferably a cell or body fluid that is less invasive to the individual at the time of collection.
- body fluids include blood, saliva, nasal discharge, sputum, vaginal fluid, and semen.
- 5hmC which is a direct target may exist in any state as long as it retains an allyl alcohol structure.
- a free state as a pyrimidine base, a state bound to a peptide or an organic polymer, or a constituent base state of a nucleic acid can be mentioned.
- the nucleic acid containing 5hmC is naturally derived, but the nucleic acid of interest of the present invention need not be naturally derived, and includes artificially synthesized nucleic acids. For example, it may be chemically synthesized DNA containing 5hmC.
- the 5hmC oxidizing agent of the present invention is composed of a nitroxyl radical molecule and a copper salt or copper complex, and / or a nitroxyl radical molecule-copper complex. All of these can be obtained at a relatively low cost. Moreover, a reaction accelerator can be added as a constituent component of the oxidizing agent of the present invention as necessary.
- nitroxyl radical molecule refers to a compound having at least one nitroxyl radical (—NO.) In the molecule.
- the nitroxyl radical also called a nitroxide radical, is a radical molecule having a nitrogen atom as a central radical.
- highly reactive to active oxygen and redox substances it is known as a relatively stable radical due to the resonance structure of the radical species on the oxygen atom and the cation radical species centered on the nitrogen atom.
- the nitroxyl radical molecule is an essential component in the 5hmC oxidant of the present invention.
- the nitroxyl radical molecule used in the present invention may be either an organic nitroxyl radical molecule or an inorganic nitroxyl radical molecule, but is preferably an organic nitroxyl radical molecule.
- nitroxyl radical molecule is not limited, but for example, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO: hereinafter often referred to as “TEMPO”), 3-carbamoyl-2, 2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrrolin-1-yloxy (3-Carbamoyl-PROXYL: hereinafter often referred to as “3-Carbamoyl-PROXYL”), 2-azaadamantane-N-oxyl (AZADO: below) , Often referred to as “AZADO”), 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane N′-oxyl (ABNO: hereinafter often referred to as “ABNO”), and derivatives thereof.
- TEMPO 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl
- 3-carbamoyl-2 2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrrolin-1-yloxy
- 3-Carbamoyl-PROXYL hereinafter often
- the “copper salt” refers to a compound in which a copper (Cu) ion, which is a cation, and an anion derived from an acid are combined. Although it may be either an inorganic compound or an organic compound, it is usually an inorganic compound.
- the copper ions may be monovalent copper ions (Cu + : copper (I) ions) or divalent copper ions (Cu 2+ : copper (II) ions), but divalent copper ions are preferred.
- Specific examples of copper salts having copper (I) ions include copper chloride (I) (CuCl), copper perchlorate (I) (CuClO 4 ), copper oxide (I) (Cu 2 O), copper (I ) Triflate and the like.
- copper salts having copper (II) ions include copper (II) chloride (CuCl 2 ), copper perchlorate (I) (Cu (ClO 4 ) 2 ), copper oxide (II) (CuO ), Copper (II) triflate, copper sulfide (CuS), copper sulfate (CuSO 4 ) and the like.
- copper (II) chloride ions may be generated in the reaction system by a nitroxyl radical molecule or an oxidizing agent. At least one of the “copper salt” and the “copper complex” described later is an essential component in the 5hmC oxidizing agent of the present invention.
- the “copper complex” refers to a complex of copper ions and ligands bonded thereto.
- the ligand that binds to the copper ion is not particularly limited.
- Examples of copper complexes include copper tetraammine copper (II) complexes in which ammonia is the ligand.
- a nitroxyl radical molecule-copper complex described later is one of the aforementioned copper complexes.
- the “nitroxyl radical molecule-copper complex” is a complex formed by binding a copper ion with a nitroxyl radical molecule as a ligand, and directly contributes to the oxidation of the allyl alcohol group at 5 hmC.
- the nitroxyl radical molecule-copper complex is formed by mixing the aforementioned nitroxyl radical molecule and a copper salt or a copper complex in a solution. That is, it can be said that the nitroxyl radical molecule-copper complex is a compound in which the reaction proceeds one step more than the nitroxyl radical molecule and the copper salt or copper complex in the 5hmC oxidizing agent.
- the nitroxyl radical molecule-copper complex alone can function as the 5hmC oxidant of the present invention.
- the 5hmC oxidizing agent of the present invention comprises a combination of a nitroxyl radical molecule and a copper salt or a copper complex, a nitroxyl radical molecule-copper complex alone, and a combination of a nitroxyl radical molecule and a copper salt or a copper complex, and a nitroxyl radical molecule.
- -It may be a mixture of copper composites.
- reaction accelerator is a selective component constituting the 5hmC oxidant of the present invention, and serves as an oxidation auxiliary agent that promotes the oxidation of the hydroxyl group of the allyl alcohol structure by the nitroxyl radical molecule-copper complex. It is a compound which has the function of. As long as it has the said function, the kind of reaction accelerator is not specifically limited. Examples thereof include pyridine, piperidine, phenanthroline, ethylenediamine, propanediamine, imidazole, and derivatives thereof.
- the reaction promoter constituting the 5hmC oxidizing agent may be a single type or a combination of multiple types.
- the form of the 5hmC oxidizing agent of the present invention is not particularly limited. It may be in solid form (including powder, granule, gel) or liquid form. Different forms may be used for each component.
- the nitroxyl radical molecule may be powdered and the copper salt may be an aqueous solution that exists in an ionic state.
- each component can be all or partly separated.
- the effect as a 5hmC oxidant can be exhibited by mixing all the components during the oxidation reaction of 5hmC.
- each component may be integrated in advance.
- dissolved the nitroxyl radical molecule and the copper salt in the solution are mentioned.
- the 2nd aspect of this invention is a DNA demethylation analysis reagent.
- the analysis reagent of the present invention contains the 5hmC oxidizing agent of the first aspect. According to the analysis reagent of the present invention, a demethylation site generated on DNA is identified by detecting 5fC generated by oxidation of 5hmC, which is a starting material of DNA demethylation and is a target substance of 5hmC oxidant. be able to.
- the DNA demethylation analysis reagent of this embodiment detects the presence or absence of demethylation on DNA indirectly through detection of 5fC generated by the 5hmC oxidizing agent of the first embodiment, and a demethylation site on DNA. Is a reagent that can be indirectly identified as positional information on 5fC DNA.
- the DNA demethylation analysis kit of the third aspect described later refers to a kit that can indirectly detect the presence or absence of demethylation of DNA and indirectly identify the demethylation site on the DNA
- the 5hmC analysis method according to the fifth aspect indirectly detects the presence or absence of 5hmC in DNA through detection of 5fC, and / or contains 5hmC, the position information on the DNA of 5hmC is the position information of 5fC. Indirect identification.
- the DNA demethylation analysis reagent of the present invention includes 5hmC oxidizing agent and 5fC detecting agent for detecting 5fC generated by oxidation of 5hmC as essential components.
- 5hmC oxidizing agent The 5hmC oxidant is the 5hmC oxidant described in the first embodiment. Therefore, the specific configuration of the 5hmC oxidant is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted here.
- (5fC detection agent) The specific configuration of the 5fC detection agent is not limited as long as it is a reagent used in a method capable of detecting 5fC on DNA.
- An example is bisulfite used in the bisulfite sequencing method. Specific examples of the bisulfite include sodium bisulfite (NaHSO 3 ), potassium bisulfite (KHSO 3 ), and ammonium bisulfite ((NH 4 ) HSO 4 ).
- each component in the DNA demethylation analysis reagent of the present invention is not particularly limited. It may be in solid form (including powder, granule, gel) or liquid form. Different forms may be used for each component.
- the 5hmC oxidant can be a liquid and the 5fC detector can be a powder.
- each component in the DNA demethylation analysis reagent of the present invention is individually separated.
- the 5hmC oxidizing agent and the 5fC detection agent are individually packaged, and when 5hmC on DNA is detected, it may be used individually in an appropriate reaction step using each component.
- DNA demethylation analysis kit 3-1 Outline
- the kit of the present invention incorporates reagents and the like necessary for analyzing DNA demethylation. By using the kit of the present invention, DNA demethylation analysis can be easily performed.
- the DNA demethylation analysis kit of the present invention includes a DNA demethylation analysis reagent as an essential component, and optionally includes a selection reagent, a reaction vessel, and an instruction manual necessary for the DNA demethylation reaction. It is out. Hereafter, each said component is demonstrated.
- DNA demethylation analysis reagent is the DNA demethylation analysis reagent described in the second embodiment.
- the specific configuration of the DNA demethylation analysis reagent is as described in the second embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted here.
- the “selection reagent” is a selective component in the kit of the present invention, and can be appropriately selected as necessary and added to the kit.
- the selection reagent include, but are not limited to, a buffer and a labeling reagent.
- a “buffer” is a solvent or solution used for appropriate processing of samples such as DNA separation and purification in each step, or for a smooth reaction, and its components and pH may be appropriately determined.
- the “labeling reagent” is a reagent used for labeling a nucleic acid or a base, and a labeling reagent known in the art can be used.
- fluorescent dyes eg, fluorescamine and its derivatives, rhodamine and its derivatives, FITC, cy3, cy5, FAM, HEX, VIC
- quencher substances TAMRA, DABCYL, BHQ-1, BHQ-2, or BHQ-3
- Modifiers such as biotin, avidin or streptavidin, or magnetic beads, or radioisotopes (eg, 32 P, 33 P, 35 S), and the like.
- Reaction container refers to a container used for sample processing or reaction when DNA demethylation analysis is performed.
- the size, shape, and volume are not particularly limited as long as they are used for sample processing and reaction.
- a 50 mL tube, a 1.5 mL tube, a 0.2 mL tube, and a 96-well microtiter plate can be mentioned.
- the material is not particularly limited as long as it does not affect the reaction of DNA demethylation analysis.
- plastics such as polypropylene and polyethylene, glass, earthenware, and metal can be used.
- peripheral devices such as a filter and a chip are also included.
- the “instruction manual” describes appropriate reaction conditions (dose, reaction time, reaction temperature, etc.) for performing DNA demethylation analysis using the sample included in the kit of the present invention.
- a fourth embodiment of the present invention is a method for oxidizing 5hmC (5hmC oxidation method).
- the oxidation method of the present invention is a method using the 5hmC oxidizing agent described in the first embodiment, and can selectively oxidize the hydroxyl group of the allyl alcohol structure contained in 5hmC to convert 5hmC to 5fC.
- the oxidation method of the present invention includes “mixing step” and “oxidation step” as essential steps. Hereinafter, each step will be specifically described.
- Mixing Step is a step of mixing the test substance and the 5hmC oxidizing agent described in the first embodiment in the reaction solution.
- Test substance refers to a substance that can contain 5hmC used in the present method.
- the subject is a nucleic acid derived from a living body, particularly DNA, more preferably genomic DNA, but is not limited thereto.
- DNA usually exists in a double strand, but when used in this method, 5hmC must be in a state where it does not pair with another base. Therefore, when the test substance used in this step is DNA, the DNA is in principle single-stranded.
- the “subject” is a living individual, a biological tissue (including an organ), or a cell subjected to the 5hmC analysis method of the present invention.
- the biological species may be any animal, plant, fungus, or bacterium. Although not limited, animals are preferred as the subject of the present invention, and vertebrates are more preferred. Mammals, particularly humans, are suitable as the test subject of the present invention.
- Mating means mixing two or more substances with different properties so that they come into contact with each other. In this step, mixing is performed in a reaction solution, that is, in a liquid.
- nitroxyl radical molecule, copper salt or copper complex, and nitroxyl radical molecule-copper complex constituting the 5hmC oxidant each contain 1 to 10000 equivalents, preferably 10 to 1000 equivalents, in the reaction solution. It is desirable.
- the order of mixing the components of the 5hmC oxidant and the test substance in this step Does not matter.
- the test substance, nitroxyl radical molecule, and copper salt or copper complex may be added and mixed in this order, or the test substance, copper salt or copper complex, and nitroxyl radical molecule may be added and mixed in this order. Also good.
- nitroxyl radical molecule, the copper salt or copper complex, and the test substance can be added and mixed in this order, or the test substance, the nitroxyl radical molecule, and the copper salt or copper complex are simultaneously added and mixed. You can also
- the mixing method is not particularly limited.
- the reaction solution may be stirred using a stirring bar or a stirring bar, or may be mixed by inverting, rotating, or vibrating the reaction tank.
- Oxidation step means that the reaction solution after the mixing step is 4 to 90 ° C, preferably 15 to 70 ° C, more preferably 25 to 60 ° C for 1 to 100 hours, preferably 5 to The step of oxidizing the hydroxyl group of the allyl alcohol structure contained in 5hmC by incubating for 50 hours, more preferably 10 to 24 hours.
- the reaction solution may be in a stationary state or may be stirred to make the temperature in the solution uniform.
- this step is performed in a place where the ambient temperature is constant as in an incubator, it is usually sufficient to leave it stationary.
- the reaction solution after this step may contain DNA containing 5fC produced by selective oxidation of the hydroxyl group of the allyl alcohol structure in 5hmC by the 5hmC oxidizing agent of the first embodiment.
- the fifth aspect of the present invention is a method for analyzing 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC analysis method).
- 5hmC generated on DNA in a biological sample by demethylation reaction is converted to 5fC by the 5hmC oxidation method of the fourth embodiment, and then 5hmC is indirectly detected by detecting the 5fC. It is a method to do. By this method, a demethylation site on DNA can be identified.
- the analysis method of the present invention includes “mixing step”, “oxidation step” and “detection step” as essential steps, and “DNA extraction step” and “hydrogen bond cleavage step” as selection steps.
- DNA extraction step is a step of extracting DNA, particularly high molecular weight DNA such as genomic DNA, from a biological sample prior to the hydrogen bond cleavage step described later.
- the method for extracting DNA is not particularly limited as long as polymer DNA can be extracted from a biological sample. Examples thereof include a method in which a biological sample is proteolyzed with proteinase K and then treated with a phenol and chloroform solution, a hot-shot method, and the like.
- Kits for extracting high-molecular DNA such as genomic DNA from biological samples are commercially available from various manufacturers, and they can also be used. In that case, the specific extraction method may follow the instructions attached to the kit.
- Hydrogen bond cutting step is a step of cleaving a hydrogen bond between bases when the DNA is double-stranded to denature it into single-stranded DNA.
- Bio DNA is usually in a double-stranded state.
- 5hmC in DNA is oxidized by the 5hmC oxidation method described in the fourth embodiment, the DNA must be in a single-stranded state without a self-folding structure as described above. Therefore, the purpose of this step is to cut the hydrogen bond of the double-stranded DNA into a single-stranded DNA.
- this step is not necessary when the DNA obtained by the DNA extraction step is single-stranded.
- the method for cleaving hydrogen bonds is not particularly limited as long as it does not affect other chemical bonds in DNA, and may be a conventional method in this field.
- an alkali treatment that cuts with a strong alkali such as NaOH, a high-temperature treatment, a DNA helicase treatment, and the like can be given.
- the method described in Green, M.R. and Sambrook, ⁇ J. (2012) can be referred to.
- the “mixing step” is a step according to the mixing step in the 5 hmC oxidation method of the fourth aspect. Since the specific description of the process is as described in the fourth aspect, the description thereof is omitted here.
- the “oxidation step” is a step according to the oxidation step in the 5 hmC oxidation method of the fourth embodiment, as in the above-described mixing step. Since the specific description of the process is as described in the fourth aspect, the description thereof is omitted here.
- the “detection step” is a step of detecting 5fC generated in the oxidation step.
- the method for detecting 5fC may be any method known in the art and is not particularly limited. For example, an identification method by enzyme treatment, an identification method by chemical decomposition reaction, an identification method using a labeling reagent, a bisulfite sequencing method and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of the identification method by enzyme treatment include a method using an enzyme such as alkaline phosphatase (AP) and nuclease P1 (P1).
- AP alkaline phosphatase
- P1 nuclease P1
- the nucleic acid obtained after the oxidation step is degraded to nucleosides by the enzyme.
- phosphodiesterase By further adding phosphodiesterase at the time of decomposition, it can also be decomposed into nucleosides more efficiently.
- the obtained nucleoside can be analyzed by HPLC, TLC or the like to detect 5fC.
- Examples of the identification method by chemical decomposition reaction include cleavage reaction of DNA containing 5fC using piperidine.
- a cleavage reaction occurs on the 3 'side of 5fC, and subsequently on the 5' side.
- cleavage reaction does not occur with 5hmC, cytosine, or 5-methylcytosine.
- 5fC can be detected by decomposing the DNA after the reaction by gel electrophoresis or the like and confirming the presence or absence of cleavage based on the difference in DNA size.
- it is convenient that the end of the DNA before decomposition is labeled with an appropriate labeling reagent because detection becomes easy.
- the base sequences of the DNA before the degradation reaction and the DNA after the degradation reaction may be determined and compared.
- the identification method using a labeling reagent can label 5hmC with a labeling reagent having a hydrazide group, for example, biotin hydrazide or fluorescein hydrazide, and then detect 5fC based on the property of the labeling reagent.
- a labeling reagent having a hydrazide group for example, biotin hydrazide or fluorescein hydrazide
- the bisulfite sequencing method is a method using base conversion from unmethylated cytosine to uracil (U) by bisulfite treatment, and is one of the most common methods for detecting 5fC.
- U unmethylated cytosine to uracil
- base conversion to U does not occur even after bisulfite treatment, so when a nucleic acid amplification reaction such as PCR is performed on the treated DNA, the position is C.
- C, 5fC, and 5caC are converted to U after bisulfite treatment, so that their positions change to thymine (T) after the nucleic acid amplification reaction.
- Example 1 (the purpose) It is verified by a cleavage reaction using piperidine that 5hmC in DNA is specifically oxidized and converted to 5fC by the 5hmC oxidation method of the present invention.
- the solution was transferred to a biospin column (BioRad), centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 4 minutes to remove Cu, and 8.9 ⁇ L of piperidine was added. The piperidine concentration at this point is 15%. As a control, a sample without piperidine was also prepared. After incubating at 90 ° C. for 2 hours, the solution was concentrated and dried for 40 minutes with a vacuum concentrator (EYELA; centrifugal evaporator CVE3100) to remove the solvent.
- EYELA centrifugal evaporator CVE3100
- the obtained nucleic acid was decomposed by 20% acrylamide bisgel electrophoresis.
- DNA size marker untreated 15-mer target DNA and 7-mer DNA corresponding to the cleaved DNA were run simultaneously. After electrophoresis, DNA was detected with fluorescein, and the fluorescence intensity of the DNA band was analyzed with image processing software ImageJ (http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/).
- FIG. 3 is a gel electrophoresis diagram
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the fluorescence intensity of the DNA band of FIG. A 7mer DNA band was confirmed only in Lane 7 where TEMPO and Cu (ClO 4 ) 2 were added. On the other hand, even in the sample to which TEMPO and Cu (ClO 4 ) 2 were added, a 7-mer DNA band could not be confirmed in lane 6 to which piperidine was not added.
- Example 2 (the purpose) The specific oxidation of deoxy-5-hydroxymethylcytidine by the 5hmC oxidant of the present invention was verified.
- HPLC HPLC was eluted using a reverse phase column (Thermo BioBasic-18, 180 ⁇ 4.6) at a flow rate of 1 mL / min, and signal detection was performed using 254 nm light.
- a reverse phase column As an eluent, 2% to 10% triethylammonium acetate in acetonitrile was used.
- FIG. 5A shows the HPLC analysis results on the first day and the third day of the reaction before (a) d5hmC and (b) d5mC when the 5hmC oxidizing agent of the first embodiment is used.
- d5hmC decreased with the passage of time after the reaction, and disappeared completely on the third day of the reaction.
- deoxy5-formylcytidine d5fC
- d5fC deoxy5-formylcytidine
- FIG. 5B shows the results of the oxidation reaction in deoxycytidine (dC), deoxythymidine (dT), deoxyguanosine (dG), and deoxyadenosine (dA) using the 5hmC oxidizing agent of the first embodiment, and on the third day of reaction.
- the results of HPLC analysis are shown. For all deoxynucleosides, there was almost no change in the HPLC peak pattern before and after the reaction. This result suggests that other major deoxynucleosides other than d5hmC are not oxidized by the 5hmC oxidant of the present invention. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the 5hmC oxidizing agent of the present invention can specifically oxidize d5hmC in DNA.
- Example 3 The most common method for detecting 5hmC is ruthenate. However, this method has problems such as side effects such as destabilization of DNA structure and nonspecific degradation. Therefore, in this example, the influence on the DNA structure by the 5hmC oxidizing agent of the present invention and the presence or absence of nonspecific degradation of DNA were verified.
- the target DNA 15-mer DNA consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 used in Example 1 was used.
- 5hmC oxidation method of the present invention 2 ⁇ L of 100 ⁇ M target DNA, 55 ⁇ L of MilliQ, 10 ⁇ L of 50 mM Cu (ClO 4 ) 2 , 10 ⁇ L of 50 mM TEMPO / acetonitrile solution, 10 ⁇ L of 50 mM NaOH, and 15 ⁇ L of 50 mM bipyridine / acetonitrile The solution was mixed in a 1.5 mL sample tube. Then, it was left at room temperature for 1 day.
- Example 3 The results of Example 3 are shown in FIG. B is an enlarged view in the frame of A.
- the fluorescence intensity almost overlapped with the control, and 90% of the DNA remained intact after the oxidation reaction.
- the fluorescence intensity was generally lower than that of the control, and only 38% of the original DNA remained. This result suggests that the 5hmC oxidation method of the present invention can selectively oxidize only the target 5hmC while suppressing non-specific DNA degradation.
- Example 4 (the purpose) The reproducibility of detection accuracy by the 5hmC oxidation method of the present invention was verified.
- the 5hmC oxidation method and the ruthenium method were in accordance with the methods described in Examples 2 and 3 above.
- the TAB-Seq method was performed using a 5hmC TAB-Seq kit (WiseGene) according to the attached protocol.
- the “TAB-Seq method” is a method in which 5hmC on genomic DNA is glucosylated as shown by C in FIG. 8, and then only 5mC is carboxylated by Tet1 treatment.
- methylation sites on genomic DNA were detected by bisulfite treatment (BS treatment) of genomic DNA as shown in FIG. 5mC and 5hmC could not be distinguished.
- BS treatment bisulfite treatment
- 5hmC on genomic DNA is protected from carboxylation by Tet1 by glucosylation, so only 5mC is converted to carboxylcytosine (caC).
- the TAB-Seq method is applied to genomic DNA before BS treatment, only 5mC is converted to uracil (U), so 5mC is detected as T and 5hmC is detected as C by sequencing. . Therefore, 5mC and 5hmC on genomic DNA can be identified by performing bisulfite sequencing and TAB-Seq on the same sample.
- the 5hmC oxidation method and ruthenium method of the present invention are converted into 5fC by oxidizing 5hmC with ruthenate such as potassium perruthenate or Cu / TEMPO as shown in FIG. This is a method of converting to uracil and detecting as T by sequencing.
- Infinium® MethylationEPIC® BeadChip is a methylation array analysis kit that can quantify more than 850,000 methylation sites on the whole human genome with single base resolution. The specific method followed the protocol attached to the kit.
- FIG. 9 shows the detection results of the reproduction accuracy in each 5hmC detection method.
- This data is a plot of the detection results for the same methylated sites in two independent array analyzes on the X and Y axes for more than 850,000 methylated sites on genomic DNA.
- A is a negative control only for BS treatment
- B is the result of the 5hmC oxidation method of the present invention
- C is the ruthenium method
- D is the result of the TAB-seq method.
- the more the methylation state of the same methylation site in the two results is the same, the more the plots are collected on a diagonal line. Therefore, it is suggested that the method is more reproducible as the plot forms a shape closer to a diagonal line. From FIG.
- Example 5 The conversion rate of methylated sites on genomic DNA by each 5hmC detection method was verified.
- Method Using the array analysis result of each 5hmC detection method obtained in Example 4, either one of the experimental results performed twice each on the X axis, and the result of only BS treatment as a negative control on the Y axis, Plotted.
- FIG. 8 in the bisulfite sequencing method, 5mC and 5fmC on the genome are detected as C, but in the 5hmC oxidation method and ruthenium method of the present invention, 5mC is C and 5hmC is T. Detected.
- FIG. 10 shows the plot results.
- A shows the results of the 5hmC oxidation method of the present invention (X-axis) and BS treatment only (Y-axis)
- B shows the results of ruthenium method (X-axis) and BS treatment only (Y-axis)
- C shows TAB-seq The results of the method (X axis) and BS processing only (Y axis) are shown.
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Abstract
Description
(a)ニトロキシルラジカル分子及び銅塩又は銅錯体
(b)ニトロキシルラジカル分子-銅複合体
(2)以下の(c)をさらに含む、(1)に記載の5hmC酸化剤。
(c)ピリジン、ピピリジン、フェナンスロリン、エチレンジアミン、プロパンジアミン、イミダゾール、及びそれらの誘導体からなる群から選択される一以上の反応促進剤
(3)前記ニトロキシルラジカル分子が2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジン-1-オキシル、3-カルバモイル-2,2,5,5-テトラメチル-3-ピロリン-1-イルオキシ、2-アザアダマンタン-N-オキシル、9-アザビシクロ[3.3.1]ノナンN'-オキシル又はそれらの誘導体である、(1)に記載の5hmC酸化剤。
(4)前記(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の5hmC酸化剤を含むDNA脱メチル化解析試薬。
(5)亜硫酸水素塩をさらに含む、(4)に記載のDNA脱メチル化解析試薬。
(6)前記(5)に記載のDNA脱メチル化解析試薬を含むDNA脱メチル化解析キット。
(7)5hmCを酸化する方法であって、5hmCを含み得る被検物質と(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の5hmC酸化剤を反応溶液中で混合する混合工程、及び前記反応溶液を4~90℃にて1~100時間インキュベートして5hmCに含まれるアリルアルコール構造の水酸基を酸化する酸化工程、を含む前記方法。
(8)5hmCを解析する方法であって、DNAと(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の5hmC酸化剤を反応溶液中で混合する混合工程、前記反応溶液を4~90℃にて1~100時間インキュベートして5hmCを構成するアリルアルコール構造の水酸基を酸化する酸化工程、及び前記酸化工程で生成した5fCを検出する検出工程を含む前記方法。
(9)前記混合工程に先立ち、DNAに含まれる水素結合を切断する水素結合切断工程を含む、(8)に記載の方法。
(10)前記水素結合切断工程に先立ち、生物試料からDNAを抽出するDNA抽出工程を含む、(9)に記載の方法。
(11)前記水素結合切断工程でDNAを塩基性溶液に溶解して水素結合を切断する、(9)又は(10)に記載の方法。
(12)前記検出工程で5fCをバイサルファイトシーケンシング法で検出する、(8)~(11)のいずれかに記載の方法。
1-1.概要
本発明の第1の態様は、5-ヒドロキシメチルシトシン酸化剤(5hmC酸化剤)である。本発明の酸化剤は、5hmCに含まれるアリルアルコール構造の水酸基のみを酸化して5fCに変換することを特徴とする。本発明の酸化剤により、DNA分解等の副反応を生じることなく、低コストで生物試料に含まれ得る5hmCを選択的に酸化して、5fCに変換することができる。したがって、本発明の5hmC酸化剤は、5hmCから5fCへの変換剤と解することもできる。
本明細書で頻用する用語について以下で定義する。
1-3-1.構成成分
本発明の5hmC酸化剤は、ニトロキシルラジカル分子及び銅塩又は銅錯体、及び/又はニトロキシルラジカル分子-銅複合体で構成される。これらはいずれも比較的安価で入手することが可能である。また、必要に応じて反応促進剤を本発明の酸化剤の構成成分として追加することもできる。
本発明の5hmC酸化剤の形態は、特に限定はしない。固体形態(粉末、顆粒、ゲルを含む)、又は液体形態のいずれであってもよい。構成成分ごとに異なる形態とすることもできる。例えば、ニトロキシルラジカル分子を粉末とし、銅塩はイオン状態で存在する水溶液とすることも可能である。
2-1.概要
本発明の第2の態様は、DNA脱メチル化解析試薬である。本発明の解析試薬は、第1態様の5hmC酸化剤を含む。本発明の解析試薬によれば、DNA脱メチル化の起点物質であり、5hmC酸化剤の標的物質である5hmCの酸化によって生じる5fCを検出することでDNA上に生じた脱メチル化部位を同定することができる。
本明細書において「解析」は、しばしば間接的な検出及び/又は同定を意味する用語として用いる。例えば、本態様のDNA脱メチル化解析試薬は、DNA上の脱メチル化の有無を第1態様の5hmC酸化剤によって生じる5fCの検出を介して間接的に検出し、DNA上の脱メチル化部位を5fCのDNA上での位置情報として間接的に同定することのできる試薬をいう。また、後述する第3態様のDNA脱メチル化解析キットは、DNAの脱メチル化の有無を間接的に検出し、DNA上の脱メチル化部位を間接的に同定することのできるキットをいい、さらに第5態様の5hmC解析方法は、DNAにおける5hmCの有無を5fCの検出を介して間接的に検出し、及び/又は5hmCを含む場合には5hmCのDNA上での位置情報を5fCの位置情報として間接的に同定することをいう。
2-3-1.構成成分
本発明のDNA脱メチル化解析試薬は、5hmC酸化剤と、5hmCの酸化によって生じた5fCを検出する5fC検出剤を必須の構成成分を包含する。
(5hmC酸化剤)
5hmC酸化剤は、前述の第1態様に記載の5hmC酸化剤である。したがって、5hmC酸化剤の具体的な構成は、第1態様に準ずることから、ここではその説明を省略する。
(5fC検出剤)
5fC検出剤の具体的な構成は、DNA上の5fCを検出可能な方法で用いる試薬であれば限定はしない。例えば、バイサルファイトシーケンシング法に用いられる亜硫酸水素塩が挙げられる。亜硫酸水素塩の具体例としては、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム(NaHSO3)、亜硫酸水素カリウム(KHSO3)、亜硫酸水素アンモニウム((NH4)HSO4)等が挙げられる。
本発明のDNA脱メチル化解析試薬における各構成成分の形態は、特に限定はしない。固体形態(粉末、顆粒、ゲルを含む)、又は液体形態のいずれであってもよい。構成成分ごとに異なる形態とすることもできる。例えば、5hmC酸化剤は液体で、5fC検出剤は粉末とすることができる。
3-1.概要
本発明の第3の態様は、DNA脱メチル化解析キットである。本発明のキットにはDNA脱メチル化を解析する上で必要な試薬等が組み込まれている。本発明のキットを用いることで、DNA脱メチル化解析を簡便に実施することが可能となる。
本発明のDNA脱メチル化解析キットは、DNA脱メチル化解析試薬を必須構成要素として含み、DNA脱メチル化反応に必要な選択試薬、反応容器、及び使用説明書等を必要に応じて含んでいる。以下、上記各構成要素について説明をする。
4-1.概要
本発明の第4の態様は、5hmCを酸化する方法(5hmC酸化方法)である。本発明の酸化方法は、第1態様に記載の5hmC酸化剤を用いる方法で、5hmCに含まれるアリルアルコール構造の水酸基を選択的に酸化して、5hmCを5fCに変換することができる。
本発明の酸化方法は、「混合工程」及び「酸化工程」を必須の工程として含む。以下、各工程について具体的に説明をする。
(1)混合工程
「混合工程」とは、被検物質と第1態様に記載した5hmC酸化剤を反応溶液中で混合する工程である。
「酸化工程」とは、混合工程後の前記反応溶液を4~90℃、好ましくは15~70℃、より好ましくは25~60℃にて1~100時間、好ましくは5~50時間、より好ましくは10~24時間インキュベートして5hmCに含まれるアリルアルコール構造の水酸基を酸化する工程である。
5-1.概要
本発明の第5の態様は、5-ヒドロキシメチルシトシンを解析する方法(5hmC解析方法)である。本発明の方法は、脱メチル化反応によって生体試料中のDNA上に生じた5hmCを前記第4態様の5hmC酸化方法によって5fCに変換した後に、その5fCを検出することで5hmCを間接的に検出する方法である。本方法によって、DNA上の脱メチル化部位を同定することができる。
本発明の解析方法は、「混合工程」、「酸化工程」及び「検出工程」を必須の工程として、また「DNA抽出工程」、及び「水素結合切断工程」を選択工程として含む。以下、各工程について具体的に説明をする。
(1)DNA抽出工程
「DNA抽出工程」とは、後述する水素結合切断工程に先立ち、生物試料からDNA、特にゲノムDNAのような高分子DNAを抽出する工程である。DNAを抽出する方法は、生物試料から高分子DNAを抽出できれば特に限定はない。例えば、生物試料をプロテイナーゼKでタンパク質分解した後、フェノール及びクロロホルム溶液で処理する方法や、hot-shot法等が挙げられる。高分子DNAの具体的な抽出方法については、Green, M.R. and Sambrook, J., 2012, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual Fourth Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New Yorkに記載の方法を参考にすればよい。生物試料からゲノムDNA等の高分子DNAを抽出するキットが各メーカーから市販されており、それらを利用することもできる。その場合、具体的な抽出方法は、キットに添付の説明書に従えばよい。
「水素結合切断工程」とは、DNAが二本鎖の場合に塩基間の水素結合を切断して一本鎖DNAに変性させる工程である。
「混合工程」は、前記第4態様の5hmC酸化方法における混合工程に準ずる工程である。工程の具体的な説明は第4態様に記載した通りであることから、ここでの説明は省略する。
「酸化工程」は、前述の混合工程と同様に、前記第4態様の5hmC酸化方法における酸化工程に準ずる工程である。工程の具体的な説明は第4態様に記載した通りであることから、ここでの説明は省略する。
「検出工程」とは、前記酸化工程で生成した5fCを検出する工程である。5fCを検出する方法は、当該分野で公知の方法を使用すればよく、特に限定はしない。例えば、酵素処理による同定方法、化学分解反応による同定方法、標識試薬を用いた同定方法、バイサルファイトシーケンシング法等が挙げられる。
(目的)
本発明の5hmC酸化方法によって、DNA中の5hmCが特異的に酸化され、5fCに変換されることを、ピペリジンを用いた切断反応によって検証する。
標的DNAとして、配列番号3で示す塩基配列(5’-Fluo-aaaaaagxgaaaaaa-3';x=5hmC)からなるヌクレオチドを合成した(株式会社ジーンデザインに合成を委託)。この標的DNAは、5’末端をフルオレセイン(Fluorescein)で蛍光標識している。
図3にゲル電気泳動図を、また図4には、図3のDNAバンドの蛍光強度をグラフ化した図を示す。TEMPO及びCu(ClO4)2を加えたレーン7でのみ7merのDNAバンドが確認された。一方、TEMPO及びCu(ClO4)2を加えたサンプルであっても、ピペリジンを添加していないレーン6では7merのDNAバンドは確認できなかった。以上の結果は、レーン7の7merのDNAは、本発明の5hmC酸化剤であるTEMPO及びCu(ClO4)2によって標的DNA中の5hmCが5fCに変換された結果、ピペリジンによって切断されたことを示唆している。
(目的)
本発明の5hmC酸化剤によるデオキシ5-ヒドロキシメチルシチジンの特異的酸化を検証した。
検証用ヌクレオシドにはデオキシ5-ヒドロキシメチルシチジン(d5hmC)を、また対照用ヌクレオシドにはデオキシ5-メチルシチジン(d5mC)を用いた。17μMヌクレオシド、4.3mM Cu(ClO4)2、4.3mM TEMPO、4.3mM NaOH、及び6.5mMのビピリジンを含む溶液を室温で1~3日放置した。その後、水で5倍希釈した後、HPLCで解析した。HPLCは、逆相カラム(Thermo BioBasic-18,180x4.6)を用いて、流速1mL/minで溶出し、254nmの光を用いてシグナル検出をした。溶出液は、2%から10%の酢酸トリエチルアンモニウムのアセトニトリル溶液を用いた。
本実施例の結果を図5に示す。
(目的)
5hmCを検出する方法は、ルテニウム酸塩を用いる方法が現在のところ最も一般的である。しかし、この方法はDNA構造を不安定化し、非特異的分解を生じる等の副作用が問題となっている。そこで、本実施例では、本発明の5hmC酸化剤によるDNA構造への影響、及びそれによるDNAの非特異的分解の有無について検証した。
標的DNAには、実施例1で用いた配列番号3で示す塩基配列からなる15merのDNAを用いた。
(1)本発明の5hmC酸化方法:2μLの100μM標的DNA、55μLのMilliQ、10μLの50mM Cu(ClO4)2、10μLの50mM TEMPO/アセトニトリル溶液、10μLの50mM NaOH、及び15μL 50mMのビピリジン/アセトニトリル溶液を1.5mLサンプルチューブに入れて混合した。その後、室温で1日間放置した。
(2)対照:2μLの100μM標的DNA、100μLのMilliQを1.5mLサンプルチューブに入れて混合した。0℃で1時間放置した。
(3)ルテニウム酸塩法:ルテニウム実験:2μLの100μM標的DNA、3μLの3mM KRuO4、97μLの50mM NaOH溶液を1.5mLサンプルチューブに入れて混合した。0℃で1時間放置した。
実施例3の結果を図6に示す。BはAの枠内の拡大図である。破線で示す本発明の5hmC酸化方法は、蛍光強度が対照とほぼ重なっており、酸化反応後も90%のDNAが損傷せずに残っていた。それに対して、点線で示す従来法のルテニウム酸塩法では、蛍光強度が総じて対照よりも低く、また元のDNAが38%しか残らなかった。この結果は、本発明の5hmC酸化方法が、非特異的なDNA分解を抑制しつつ、標的の5hmCだけを選択的に酸化できることを示唆している。
(目的)
本発明の5hmC酸化方法による検出精度の再現性について検証した。
2mgのヒト脳由来ゲノムDNAを用いて、図7で示す様々な5hmC検出方法をそれぞれ同一条件下で独立に2回実行した。BのCu/TEMPOは本願発明の5hmC酸化方法を、CのRuは従来法であるルテニウム法を、DのTABは従来法であるTAB-Seq法を、そしてAは5hmC酸化方法を行わない陰性対照(Negative Control)を示す。
図9に各5hmC検出方法における再現精度の検出結果を示す。このデータは、ゲノムDNA上の85万カ所以上のメチル化部位に関して、2回の独立したアレイ解析における同一メチル化部位の検出結果をX軸とY軸にプロットしたものである。AはBS処理のみの陰性対照、Bは本発明の5hmC酸化方法、Cはルテニウム法、そしてDはTAB-seq法の結果を示す。2回の結果における同一メチル化部位のメチル化状態が同じであるほどプロットは対角線上に集まる。したがって、プロットが対角線に近い形状を形成するほど、再現性が高い方法であることを示唆している。図9より、Bの本発明の5hmC酸化方法では、各プロットがほぼ対角線上に落ち、比較的きれいな対角線を形成した。この結果は、本発明の5hmC酸化方法による検出結果の再現性が高いことを示している。一方、Cのルテニウム法は、プロットがほとんど対角線形状を成さず、再現性が低いことが示唆された。またTAB-Seq法は、プロットがほぼ対角線形状を形成したが、若干の広がりが認められ、本発明の5hmC酸化方法よりも再現性が劣ることが示唆された。
(目的)
各5hmC検出方法によるゲノムDNA上のメチル化部位の変換率を検証した。
(方法)
実施例4で得られた各5hmC検出方法のアレイ解析結果を用いて、それぞれ2回行った実験結果のいずれか一方をX軸に、また陰性対照であるBS処理のみの結果をY軸に、プロットした。図8で示したように、バイサルファイトシークエンシング法では、ゲノム上の5mCと5fmCはCとして検出されるが、本発明の5hmC酸化方法やルテニウム法では、5mCはCとして、また5hmCはTとして検出される。さらに、TAB-seq法では5mCはTとして、また5hmCはCとして検出される。つまり、それぞれの5hmC検出方法の処理によってゲノムDNA上のメチル化部位が適切に変換されていれば、同一メチル化部位であってもBS処理のみの結果との間で違いを生じ、それは対角線からズレた広がりとして現れるはずである。
図10にプロット結果を示す。Aは本発明の5hmC酸化方法(X軸)とBS処理のみ(Y軸)の結果を、Bはルテニウム法(X軸)とBS処理のみ(Y軸)の結果を、そしてCはTAB-seq法(X軸)とBS処理のみ(Y軸)の結果を示す。
Claims (12)
- 以下の(a)及び/又は(b)からなる5-ヒドロキシメチルシトシン酸化剤。
(a)ニトロキシルラジカル分子及び銅塩又は銅錯体
(b)ニトロキシルラジカル分子-銅複合体 - 以下の(c)をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の5-ヒドロキシメチルシトシン酸化剤。
(c)ピリジン、ピピリジン、フェナンスロリン、エチレンジアミン、プロパンジアミン、イミダゾール、及びそれらの誘導体からなる群から選択される一以上の反応促進剤 - 前記ニトロキシルラジカル分子が2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジン-1-オキシル、3-カルバモイル-2,2,5,5-テトラメチル-3-ピロリン-1-イルオキシ、2-アザアダマンタン-N-オキシル、9-アザビシクロ[3.3.1]ノナンN'-オキシル又はそれらの誘導体である、請求項1に記載の5-ヒドロキシメチルシトシン酸化剤。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の5-ヒドロキシメチルシトシン酸化剤を含むDNA脱メチル化解析試薬。
- 亜硫酸水素塩をさらに含む、請求項4に記載のDNA脱メチル化解析試薬。
- 請求項5に記載のDNA脱メチル化解析試薬を含むDNA脱メチル化解析キット。
- 5-ヒドロキシメチルシトシンを酸化する方法であって、
5-ヒドロキシメチルシトシンを含み得る被検物質と請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の5-ヒドロキシメチルシトシン酸化剤を反応溶液中で混合する混合工程、及び
前記反応溶液を4~90℃にて1~100時間インキュベートして5-ヒドロキシメチルシトシンに含まれるアリルアルコール構造の水酸基を酸化する酸化工程、
を含む前記方法。 - 5-ヒドロキシメチルシトシンを解析する方法であって、
DNAと請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の5-ヒドロキシメチルシトシン酸化剤を反応溶液中で混合する混合工程、
前記反応溶液を4~90℃にて1~100時間インキュベートして5-ヒドロキシメチルシトシンを構成するアリルアルコール構造の水酸基を酸化する酸化工程、及び
前記酸化工程で生成した5-ホルミルシトシンを検出する検出工程
を含む前記方法。 - 前記混合工程に先立ち、DNAに含まれる水素結合を切断する水素結合切断工程を含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記水素結合切断工程に先立ち、生物試料からDNAを抽出するDNA抽出工程を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記水素結合切断工程でDNAを塩基性溶液に溶解して水素結合を切断する、請求項9又は10に記載の方法。
- 前記検出工程で5-ホルミルシトシンをバイサルファイトシーケンシング法で検出する、請求項8~11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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| JP2023542302A (ja) * | 2020-09-14 | 2023-10-06 | ケンブリッジ・エンタープライズ・リミテッド | 核酸を標識するための方法 |
| WO2022053872A1 (en) | 2020-09-14 | 2022-03-17 | The Chancellor, Masters And Scholars Of The University Of Oxford | Cytosine modification analysis |
| JP2023548243A (ja) * | 2020-11-09 | 2023-11-15 | ブルーキャット・アイピー・リミテッド | ヌクレオチド修飾の検出のための方法 |
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