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WO2017037605A1 - Procédé et composition pour traiter les abeilles contre les acariens varroa - Google Patents

Procédé et composition pour traiter les abeilles contre les acariens varroa Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017037605A1
WO2017037605A1 PCT/IB2016/055142 IB2016055142W WO2017037605A1 WO 2017037605 A1 WO2017037605 A1 WO 2017037605A1 IB 2016055142 W IB2016055142 W IB 2016055142W WO 2017037605 A1 WO2017037605 A1 WO 2017037605A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
bees
bee
metabolism
infestation
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Ceased
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PCT/IB2016/055142
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English (en)
Inventor
Cornelius Johannes Francois TAUTE
Lardus ERASMUS
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North West University
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North West University
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2017037605A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017037605A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to ZA2018/01601A priority Critical patent/ZA201801601B/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and composition for the treatment of bees against parasitic infestation, particularly, but not exclusively to treatment of honey bees against infestation by Varroa mites including Varroa destructor and Varroa Jacobsoni.
  • honey bees ⁇ Apis spp. are an important component of the agricultural industry, directly providing honey for the food markets as well as playing a key role in pollination, which in turn is essential in the functioning of ecosystems and optimisation of agricultural yields. It is estimated that 60 - 80% percent of horticultural and agricultural crops requires honey bees for pollination as they are either self-incompatible or only achieve commercially adequate yield through pollination vectors.
  • the Varroa mite reproduces in the brood cells of developing honey bees and feed on larvae and the haemolymph of developing and adult bees, resulting in compromised immunity and the transmission of secondary diseases such as deformed wing virus to larva and/or pupating bees. These result in death or severe deformity of the pupae and bees.
  • the condition of a honey bee colony infested with Varroa mite is referred to as varroatosis.
  • Varroa mites have accordingly been implicated in colony collapse disorder.
  • Current treatments for controlling Varroa mite infestation in honey bees include chemical treatments, topical treatments, natural product treatments and dietary supplements.
  • Topical treatments include the administration of confectionary/icing sugar, oxalic acid and other organic acids, 65% formic acid and Mite Away Quick Strips.
  • Natural product treatments and dietary supplementation include hops treatment, Vitamin C and ionic metals administration in which all of these are administered separately to the bees. Oral dosing of micro- and macro nutrients such as water/fat soluble vitamins and minerals such iron and magnesium have also been proposed.
  • the disadvantages of current methods and compositions for treatment include lack of efficacy, generation of resistance by the Varroa mites, handling difficulties and contamination of beeswax.
  • the methods and compositions are furthermore relatively expensive.
  • Miticides have also been known to have a negative effect on the honey bee's immune system which allows secondary infections to take place and in some instances these miticides kill the bees themselves.
  • GMO's genetically modified organisms
  • a composition for the treatment of bees against parasitic infestation comprising a mixture of at least one Fenton's reagent to operatively produce free radicals, and a bee attractant in a suitable solution; the Fenton's reagent and/or the concentration thereof being selected such as to be metabolically tailored to be detrimental to the metabolism of the parasite.
  • the composition is further selected such as to be complementary to the bee's metabolism, but detrimental to the parasite's metabolism.
  • the metabolism of the parasite is more particularly, the antioxidant defence metabolism.
  • the bee attractant may be provided as a monosaccharide and/or disaccharide base including any one or more selected from the group consisting of glucose, sucrose, fructose, dextrose, honey and syrup.
  • the invention further provides for the free radical producing Fenton's reagent, to comprise a transition metal and an organic compound, to drive reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions to generate free radicals, in particular hydroxide and oxygen radicals, using the organic compound which operatively acts as a free radical generator.
  • the transition metal such as iron or copper
  • the transition metal can be either in the ionic form or in a colloidal suspension.
  • the transition metal when in colloidal suspension, may be coated with a polymer such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethyleneimine (PEI), including block-co-polymer and dendrimer variants thereof, to operatively regulate the rate of release of the free radicals using the Fenton's reagent.
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
  • PEI polyethyleneimine
  • the organic compounds which can drive the Fenton's reaction as a reagent may include any one or more of the group consisting of ascorbic acid (or any salt or derivative thereof), quercitin, epigallo-catechin-3-gallate, cathecins, gallic acid, resveratrol and other non-toxic aromatic compounds used for inducing the Fenton's reaction; and which are provided at a pH and concentration which favours a pro- oxidative action, preferably between 3 and 1 1 .
  • the invention yet further provides for the composition to comprise: - from 20-70% (%m/v) sugar solution, such as monosaccharides, disaccharides and dextroses which proves attractive for the bee;
  • - may optionally include ionic iron (ferric and ferrous) and/or ionic copper (cuprous and cupric), in ranges from 0.01 -5mg/mL.
  • the invention further provides for the parasitic infestation to be a mite infestation, in particular a Varroa destructor and/or Varroa Jacobsoni infestation.
  • a method for the treatment of bees against parasitic infestation including the step of making available to bees in need thereof an effective amount of the composition according to the first aspect of the invention in a form and concentration such as to accumulate free radicals in the parasite, so as to be detrimental to the metabolism, more particularly, the antioxidant defence metabolism of the parasite.
  • composition is further selected such as to be complementary to the bee's metabolism, but detrimental to the parasite's metabolism.
  • the metabolism of the parasite is more particularly, the antioxidant defence metabolism.
  • the invention yet further provides for the composition to be administered in a two part form wherein the first part comprises colloidal transition metal component (and/or the ionic iron/copper) part of the Fenton's reagent and bee attractant in suitable solution; and wherein the second part comprises the organic compound part of the Fenton's reagent and bee attractant in suitable solution.
  • the invention yet further provides for the first part to be administered to the bees, followed by the second part to be administered in selected time periods thereafter, preferably at intervals of 1 , 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours.
  • the invention further provides for the composition to be administered to the bees in a non-honey production period.
  • the invention further provides for the step of making available to bees in need thereof an effective amount of the composition to include a preceding step of administering to the bees a metabolic stressor to operatively enhance the selective production of free radicals such as to sensitize the parasite to the composition.
  • the preceding step is preferably taken 12 to 24 hours before the subsequent step.
  • the metabolic stressor may include the acetaminophen class of compounds and other related compounds known to deplete endogenous antioxidants such as glutathione, reduced (GSH) or oxidised (GSSG).
  • the parasitic infestation may further be in the form of a mite infestation, such as any one or more of a Varroa destructor and Varroa Jacobsoni infestation.
  • kits for the treatment of bees against parasitic infestation comprising a composition according to the first aspect of the invention; and a feeding tray having a plurality of dispensers each for making available to bees in need thereof an effective amount of the said composition.
  • the kit may further include a receptacle at the underside of the tray to collect fallen mites.
  • the invention further provides for the kit to include a metabolic stressor to operatively enhance the production of free radicals such as to sensitize the parasite to the composition.
  • the metabolic stressor may include the acetaminophen class of compounds and other related compounds known to deplete endogenous antioxidants such as glutathione, reduced (GSH) or oxidised (GSSG).
  • the invention further includes the use of the composition according to the first aspect of the invention, and the kit according to the third aspect of the invention in a method for the treatment of bees against parasitic infestation.
  • FIG 1 depicts photographs of larvae and honeybees carrying Varroa destructor mites
  • figure 2 is a diagrammatic representation of the reaction scheme for producing free radicals according to the invention using colloidal iron oxide and free ascorbic acid as an example model
  • figure 3 illustrates a feeding tray for use in administering the composition of the invention to bees
  • figures 4 & 5 depict diagrams showing the number and percentage of Varroa fall from the bees treated with a composition in accordance with a first preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the invention provides a composition and method for the treatment of bees against parasitic infestation, more particularly infestation by mites such as Varroa destructor and Varroa Jacobsoni.
  • mites such as Varroa destructor and Varroa Jacobsoni.
  • the term "bee” refers to both an adult and pupal cell of the honey bee ⁇ Apis spp.).
  • the specific embodiment describes the parasite as Varroa mites, but the term parasite may include obligate and facultative parasites, endo- and ectoparasites. Parasitic infestation will therefore include infestation of any of the aforementioned parasites.
  • the Varroa destructor (“ Varroa mites") 10 attach to the larvae 12 and bees 14.
  • the composition comprises Fenton's reagent(s) to operatively produce free radicals in a bee attractant solution suitable for administering to a bee.
  • the free radical producing reagent includes any compound which drives the Fenton reaction to generate free radicals.
  • the free radical producing Fenton reagent(s) comprising a transition metal and an organic compound, drives reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions to generate free radicals, in particular hydroxide and oxygen radicals, using an organic compound which operatively acts as a free radical generator.
  • the transition metal e.g. iron or copper
  • the transition metal can be either in the ionic form or in a colloidal suspension.
  • the organic compounds which drive the Fenton reaction as a reagent may include quercitin, epigallo-catechin-3-gallate, cathecins, gallic acid, resveratrol and any other reported non-toxic aromatic compounds used for inducing the Fenton reaction.
  • a bee attractant in the form of a monosaccharide and/or disaccharide (eg. glucose, sucrose, fructose, dextrose, honey or syrup) which is administered to the bees.
  • the composition operatively provides a mixture of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidation agent and a transition-metal ion as a catalyst, more particularly iron (Fe 2+ ).
  • the reaction operatively forms reactive free radicals such as hydroxyl ( ⁇ ) as well as a higher oxidation state of the transition-metal ion (Fe 3+ ).
  • the hydroxyl radical has an unpaired electron making it highly reactive, relatively nonspecific oxidant. This reaction is illustrated in Figure 2.
  • Ionic copper (Cu 2+ and/or Cu + ) is also included in the composition to enhance the generation of free radicals thereby forming an operative enhancer.
  • the composition also includes a biodegradable colloid such as iron oxide (Fe3O 4 ).
  • the colloid is coated with a polymer such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) to operatively regulate the rate of release of the free radicals.
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
  • PEI polyethyleneimine
  • the surface coating can be neat molecules or combinations in various covalent attachments such as block-co-polymers and dendrimer variants of the above mentioned polymers.
  • the composition comprises (provided as a 50ml_ formulation):
  • sugar solution such as a monosaccharide, disaccharide, dextroses solution which proves attractive for the bee
  • organic acid or any salt or derivative thereof or derivatives thereof
  • the composition may include ionic iron (ferric and ferrous) and/or ionic copper (cuprous and cupric), in ranges from 0.01 -5mg/mL.
  • the composition is provided at a pH range of between 3 and 1 1 to favour the pro- oxidative actions of the composition.
  • the iron colloids are stored a 2.5-5mM ascorbic acid (pH 7) solution to prevent oxidation of the Fe 2 7F 3+ on the surface of the colloids. Prior to use the colloids are magnetically washed and suspended in distilled water.
  • the aforementioned compounds are mixed into a solution to form a colloidal solution which is subsequently aliquoted into perforated 50ml_ polypropylene tubes 16 for administering to the bees.
  • a feeding tray 18 including the tubes 16 is provided to the bees (not shown).
  • the bees enter through suitable openings 20 and feed on the composition.
  • the composition may be administered to the bees in any alternative and known manner. In particular, administration to bees on a larger scale will in some instances be required and in such cases will be provided in a suitable alternative manner.
  • the composition distributes through the haemolymph of the bee.
  • the Fenton reaction may occur, leading to hydroxyl radical which acts as an anti-oxidant in the bee leading to the known advantages to the bee.
  • the composition including the hydroxyl radicals, also accumulates in the Varroa mites.
  • the accumulation of the free radicals in the Varroa mite is based on work done by Giese and Giese (2014).
  • Giese et al (2014) demonstrated that a genetic construct, tailored to induce green fluorescent protein expression in the bee upon oral ingestion in a 65% sucrose carrier solution of said construct, showed green fluorescence in the bee 12-16h post ingestion. Over a course of 24h the green fluorescence in the bee disappeared, where green fluorescence was observed in the Varroa mite.
  • Varroa mite Demonstrating the Varroa mite was parasitically ingesting the bee heamolymph, accumulating the green fluorescent protein in the varroa mite.
  • the free radicals are more pronounced in the Varroa mites.
  • the bee accordingly acts as a hemolymph filter and the free radicals accumulate in the mites but not necessarily in the bee.
  • the free radicals in the mites act as a pro-oxidant causing the mites to either disengage and fall from the bee or even die.
  • the floor 22 of the feeding tray 18 is provided with suitably sized openings to a receptacle 24 at the underside of the tray 18 to collect the fallen mites.
  • the receptacle 24 is removed to dispose of the mites.
  • the composition is administered as a single treatment wherein all the components described are pre-mixed.
  • the composition is administered in a two part form wherein the first part comprises the colloidal transition metal component (and/or the ionic iron/copper) part of the Fenton's reagent and bee attractant in suitable solution; and the second part comprises the organic compound part of the Fenton's reagent and bee attractant in suitable solution.
  • the first part will be administered to the bees, followed by the second part to be administered in selected time periods thereafter, preferably at intervals of 1 , 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours. This facilitates the release and accumulation of free radicals in the mites in a controlled manner.
  • the composition is further coated with any other suitable polymer in order to control the rate of free radical production according to specific requirements.
  • the colloid variant is coated with a polymer such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethyleneimine (PEI), including block-co-polymer and dendrimer variants of the above mentioned polymers, to operatively regulate the rate of release of the free radicals using the Fenton's reagent.
  • a polymer such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethyleneimine (PEI), including block-co-polymer and dendrimer variants of the above mentioned polymers
  • the composition is administered to the bees on a weekly or bi-weekly basis and preferably in a non-honey production season such as during winter.
  • Formulation 2 provided a 90% success rate.
  • the formulation in this embodiment was 8mg/ml_ vitamin C-capped iron colloids for S1 -S4.
  • the formulations differed with vitamin C added as follows: S1 : 0.5%, S2: 1 %, S3:1 .5%, S4: 2%.
  • the invention also makes provision for the enhancement of the Fenton treatment by using a metabolic stressor on the Varroa mite to enhance the selective production of free radicals, thereby sensitizing the mite to the effects of the Fenton treatment.
  • the metabolic stressor can be selected from the acetaminophen (paracetamol) class of compounds and other related compounds known to deplete endogenous antioxidants such as glutathione, reduced (GSH) or oxidised (GSSG).
  • the metabolic stressor will be administered 12 to 24 hours before the composition according to the invention is administered to the bees, using a similar bee attractant formulation as described herein or any other suitable bee attractant.
  • the invention therefore also provides a suitable kit comprising the feeding tray and composition as described for the treatment of bees against parasitic infestation for example a Varroa mite infestation.
  • the invention uses the bee's inherent biochemistry and metabolism against parasites such as Varroa mites and accordingly has limited side effects on the bee.
  • the formulation of the composition will be provided by scientific and rational design wherein the free radicals preferentially cause damage in the Varroa mite with limited damage in the bee, by exploring the differences in the role of the free radical in the bee and Varroa mite metabolism, more particularly to the antioxidant defence metabolism.
  • the form and/or concentration of the composition may accordingly be adapted as such without departing from the scope of the invention. It is also envisaged that the invention may be extended to bacterial, viral and fungal infection of bees.
  • the invention provides the use of a bio-degradable, biocompatible nanomaterial in the treatment of the bees without any genetic modification of the bees or any long term bio-accumulation of products in the neither bees nor transfer thereof into honey.
  • composition is furthermore relatively much more affordable as compared to the prior art.
  • the composition according to the invention thus comprises compounds which operatively enhances and/or modulates the Fenton reaction to produce free radicals.
  • the invention relates to providing/creating Fenton's reagents in the composition for bees, which induces the Fenton cycle which result in the aforementioned advantages.
  • any composition or combination of compositions which will drive the Fenton reaction/ produce free radicals in a solution suitable for administering to bees may be provided without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the same will apply to the method of the invention in that any method of enhancing/modulating the Fenton reaction to produce free radicals in the bee will be within the scope of the current invention.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition destinée au traitement des abeilles contre une infestation parasitaire telle qu'une infestation par les acariens Varroa Destructor et Varroa Jacobsoni. La composition comprend un mélange de réactif(s) de Fenton pour produire de manière fonctionnelle des radicaux libres, et un attractif d'abeille dans une solution appropriée. Le réactif de Fenton et/ou la concentration de ce dernier sont sélectionnés de manière à être nuisibles au métabolisme de défense antioxydant du parasite, et de préférence complémentaires du métabolisme de l'abeille. L'invention s'étend à un procédé destiné au traitement des abeilles contre ladite infestation ; et à un kit pour l'administration de ladite composition aux abeilles.
PCT/IB2016/055142 2015-08-28 2016-08-29 Procédé et composition pour traiter les abeilles contre les acariens varroa Ceased WO2017037605A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA2018/01601A ZA201801601B (en) 2015-08-28 2018-03-08 A method and composition for treating bees against varroa mites

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA2015/06306 2015-08-28
ZA201506306 2015-08-28

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WO2017037605A1 true WO2017037605A1 (fr) 2017-03-09

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WO (1) WO2017037605A1 (fr)
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Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017170878A1 (fr) * 2016-03-30 2017-10-05 大阪ガスケミカル株式会社 Élément d'apiculture et son procédé de production
KR20190042835A (ko) * 2017-10-17 2019-04-25 농업회사법인 비센 바이오 주식회사 쿼세틴을 이용한 꿀벌응애 구제용 제제
CN110182926A (zh) * 2019-05-15 2019-08-30 东莞理工学院 一种废水中罗红霉素的处理方法
KR20200122613A (ko) * 2019-04-18 2020-10-28 농업회사법인 비센 바이오 주식회사 쿼세틴 및 티몰을 이용한 꿀벌응애 구제용 조성물
KR102610687B1 (ko) * 2023-04-17 2023-12-06 주식회사 메디풀 양봉용 꿀벌의 면역증강제 조성물 및 이의 용도

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017170878A1 (fr) * 2016-03-30 2017-10-05 大阪ガスケミカル株式会社 Élément d'apiculture et son procédé de production
JPWO2017170878A1 (ja) * 2016-03-30 2018-12-20 大阪ガスケミカル株式会社 養蜂部材及びその製造方法
KR20190042835A (ko) * 2017-10-17 2019-04-25 농업회사법인 비센 바이오 주식회사 쿼세틴을 이용한 꿀벌응애 구제용 제제
KR102109027B1 (ko) * 2017-10-17 2020-05-12 농업회사법인 비센 바이오 주식회사 쿼세틴을 이용한 꿀벌응애 구제용 제제
KR20200122613A (ko) * 2019-04-18 2020-10-28 농업회사법인 비센 바이오 주식회사 쿼세틴 및 티몰을 이용한 꿀벌응애 구제용 조성물
KR102272717B1 (ko) * 2019-04-18 2021-07-29 농업회사법인 비센 바이오 주식회사 쿼세틴 및 티몰을 이용한 꿀벌응애 구제용 조성물
CN110182926A (zh) * 2019-05-15 2019-08-30 东莞理工学院 一种废水中罗红霉素的处理方法
KR102610687B1 (ko) * 2023-04-17 2023-12-06 주식회사 메디풀 양봉용 꿀벌의 면역증강제 조성물 및 이의 용도

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