WO2017030169A1 - 液晶配向剤などに用いられる新規なイミド系重合体 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤などに用いられる新規なイミド系重合体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017030169A1 WO2017030169A1 PCT/JP2016/074141 JP2016074141W WO2017030169A1 WO 2017030169 A1 WO2017030169 A1 WO 2017030169A1 JP 2016074141 W JP2016074141 W JP 2016074141W WO 2017030169 A1 WO2017030169 A1 WO 2017030169A1
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- 0 *OC(c1cc(*c(cc2)ccc2N)cc(*c(cc2)ccc2N)c1)=O Chemical compound *OC(c1cc(*c(cc2)ccc2N)cc(*c(cc2)ccc2N)c1)=O 0.000 description 4
- VLVCDUSVTXIWGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nc(cc1)ccc1I Chemical compound Nc(cc1)ccc1I VLVCDUSVTXIWGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMJODKZAFKWUJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+](c1cc([N+]([O-])=O)cc(CCl)c1)=O Chemical compound [O-][N+](c1cc([N+]([O-])=O)cc(CCl)c1)=O SMJODKZAFKWUJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N c1ccccc1 Chemical compound c1ccccc1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
- C07D311/96—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings spiro-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1039—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors comprising halogen-containing substituents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel imide polymer suitably used for a liquid crystal aligning agent of a liquid crystal display element, a liquid crystal aligning agent containing the polymer, a liquid crystal aligning film using the liquid crystal aligning agent, and the liquid crystal aligning film
- a liquid crystal display device comprising:
- a liquid crystal display element of a method (VA method) in which liquid crystal molecules aligned perpendicular to a substrate are responded by an electric field (VA method) includes a step of irradiating ultraviolet rays while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal molecules in the manufacturing process. is there.
- a photopolymerizable compound is added in advance to a liquid crystal composition, and a polyimide-based vertical alignment film is used to irradiate ultraviolet rays while applying a voltage to a liquid crystal cell.
- a PSA (Polymer Sustained Alignment) type element that increases the response speed of liquid crystal is known (see Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1).
- the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules incline in response to an electric field is usually controlled by protrusions provided on the substrate or slits provided on the display electrode, but photopolymerization is performed in the liquid crystal composition.
- the polymer structure in which the tilted direction of the liquid crystal molecules is stored is formed on the liquid crystal alignment film by adding an organic compound and irradiating ultraviolet rays while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal cell. For this reason, it is said that the response speed of the liquid crystal display element is faster than the method of controlling the tilt direction of the liquid crystal molecules only by the protrusions and slits.
- liquid crystal alignment film containing a polyimide polymer having a photoreactive side chain that generates radicals and a polyimide polymer having a vertical alignment side chain can be used as a liquid crystal alignment film or
- the liquid crystal display element which improved the reaction rate of the photopolymerizable compound added in the liquid crystal and improved the response speed further was proposed (refer patent document 2).
- the content of essential components (polymer having a photoreactive side chain and polymer having a vertical alignment side chain) in the polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent is increased.
- aggregation and deterioration of the formation of the coating film may be caused, and further, it may be difficult to introduce a component for expressing other characteristics required for the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- An object of the present invention is to improve the response speed of a polyimide polymer used for a liquid crystal alignment agent for forming a liquid crystal alignment film of a liquid crystal display element, particularly a liquid crystal display element obtained by reacting a polymerizable compound in liquid crystal.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a novel polyimide polymer used for a liquid crystal aligning agent.
- this invention is providing the liquid crystal aligning agent containing the said novel imide type polymer, the liquid crystal aligning film using this liquid crystal aligning agent, and a liquid crystal display element provided with this liquid crystal aligning film.
- the present invention comprises a polyamic acid obtained by reacting a diamine component containing a diamine compound represented by the following formula (1) with a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and a polyimide obtained by imidizing it. It exists in the at least 1 sort (s) of polyimide-type polymer chosen from a group.
- X 1 is a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— and —OCO—.
- X 2 represents a single bond or at least one divalent cyclic group selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring and a heterocyclic ring, and when X 2 is a cyclohexane ring, a 4-chromanone skeleton and a spiro bond It may be connected via.
- X 3 represents a single bond or at least one divalent cyclic group selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring and a heterocyclic ring.
- any hydrogen atom on the cyclic group is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms Group, a fluorine-containing alkoxyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a fluorine atom.
- X 4 is at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and a fluorine-containing alkoxyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. Represents a species.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent for forming a liquid crystal aligning film of a liquid crystal display element in particular, a novel polyimide type used for a liquid crystal aligning agent suitable for a vertical alignment type, particularly a PSA type liquid crystal display element with a fast response speed A polymer is provided. That is, in the polyimide polymer of the present invention, the novel diamine compound represented by the above formula (1) has a photoreactive structure that generates radicals in the molecule and a vertical alignment structure.
- the content of the side chain contained in the polyimide polymer can be reduced, and other characteristics required for the liquid crystal aligning agent (for example, it is possible to introduce other components for expressing electrical characteristics. Furthermore, when the amount of the side chain in the polyimide polymer is reduced, the aggregation of the polymer and the coating property of the liquid crystal aligning agent can be improved.
- the diamine compound (also referred to as a specific diamine in the present invention) used in the polyimide polymer of the present invention is represented by the following formula (1).
- the specific diamine has a photoreactive structure in which radicals are generated by ultraviolet irradiation in a single molecular structure and a structure in which liquid crystals are aligned vertically. That is, the photoreactive structure is a 4-chromanone structure bonded to the phenylenediamine skeleton through X 1 , and the structure for vertically aligning the liquid crystal is bonded to 4-chromanone —X 2 —X 3 -X 4 structure.
- each definition of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 and X 4 is as described above.
- X 1 is preferably —O— or —CH 2 O— from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis.
- X 2 and X 3 are preferably cyclohexane rings from the viewpoint of high vertical alignment.
- X 2 is a cyclohexane ring, it is preferably bonded to the 4-chromanone skeleton via a spiro bond.
- X 4 is preferably an alkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of availability of raw materials.
- n is preferably an integer of 1 to 18, particularly preferably an integer of 3 to 7.
- the method for reducing the dinitro compound is not particularly limited, and usually palladium-carbon, platinum-carbon, platinum oxide, Raney nickel, iron, tin chloride, platinum black, rhodium-alumina, platinum carbon sulfide, etc. are used as catalysts. , Ethyl acetate, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, alcohol-based solvents, and the like, by a reaction using a reducing agent such as hydrogen gas, hydrazine, hydrogen chloride, ammonium chloride.
- a method for synthesizing the dinitro compound represented by the general formula (2) is not particularly limited, and the dinitro compound can be synthesized by any method. As a specific example thereof, for example, it can be synthesized by a method as shown in the following scheme (3).
- a dinitro compound A and a compound B having a hydroxyl group are reacted in an organic solvent (for example, ethyl acetate, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, chloroform, dichloromethane, DMF, DMSO, etc.) in the presence of an alkali.
- an organic solvent for example, ethyl acetate, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, chloroform, dichloromethane, DMF, DMSO, etc.
- an alkali for example, an organic amine such as triethylamine, or an inorganic salt such as potassium carbonate or sodium hydroxide can be used.
- X 5 is any one of chlorine, bromine, iodine, fluorine, —OH, —COOH, —COOCl, or — (CH 2 ) a OH (a is an integer of 1 to 15). Consists of. X 1 to X 4 in the phenol compound B are the same as in the formula (1). In addition, the compound shown here is an example and is not specifically limited.
- the diamine component for obtaining the polyimide polymer polymer of the present invention may contain other diamine together with the specific dimine.
- examples of such other diamines include diamines having side chains for vertically aligning liquid crystals (also referred to as vertically aligned side chain diamines in the present invention).
- Preferable examples of such vertically aligned side chain diamines include diamines having the following formula (II-1) or formula (II-2).
- X 1 is a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or — Represents OCO-.
- X 2 represents a single bond or (CH 2 ) b — (b is an integer of 1 to 15).
- X 3 represents a single bond, — (CH 2 ) c — (c is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or OCO—.
- X 4 represents a divalent cyclic group selected from a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring, and a heterocyclic ring, and an arbitrary hydrogen atom of these cyclic groups is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or an alkoxyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- Group, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkoxyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a fluorine atom, and X 4 may have 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton. It may be a divalent organic group selected from organic groups.
- X 5 represents a divalent cyclic group selected from a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring and a heterocyclic ring, and an arbitrary hydrogen atom on these cyclic groups is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or an alkoxyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- X 6 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkoxyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- X 7 represents a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —N (CH 3 ) CO—, —COO— or OCO— is represented.
- X 8 represents an alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
- X 7 is preferably a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —CONH—, —CON (CH 3 ) — or COO—, more preferably a single bond, —O—, —CONH. -Or COO-.
- X 8 is preferably an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the diamine having the above formula (II-1) include diamines represented by the following formula [2-1].
- X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , X 5 , and n in the above formula [2-1] are the same as defined in each of the above formula [II-1], and m is 1 to It is an integer of 4. Preferably, it is an integer of 1.
- X 1 is a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O, from the viewpoint of availability of raw materials and ease of synthesis.
- -Or COO- is preferred, and more preferred is a single bond,-(CH 2 ) a- (a is an integer of 1 to 10), -O-, -CH 2 O- or COO-.
- X 2 is preferably a single bond or (CH 2 ) b — (b is an integer of 1 to 10).
- X 3 is preferably a single bond, — (CH 2 ) c — (c is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O— or COO— from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis.
- a single bond, — (CH 2 ) c — (c is an integer of 1 to 10), —O—, —CH 2 O— or COO— is preferable.
- X 4 is preferably an organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring or a steroid skeleton, from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis.
- X 5 is preferably a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring.
- n is preferably 0 to 3 and more preferably 0 to 2 in view of availability of raw materials and ease of synthesis.
- X 6 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkoxyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. More preferably, it is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred is an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms or an alkoxyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms.
- (2-25) to (2-96), (2-145) to (2-168), (2-217) to (2-240), (2-268) to (2-315) , (2-364) to (2-387), (2-436) to (2-483), or (2-603) to (2-615) are preferred.
- Particularly preferred combinations are (2-49) to (2-96), (2-145) to (2-168), (2-217) to (2-240), (2-603) to (2- 606), (2-607) to (2-609), (2-611), (2-612) or (2-624).
- vertically aligned side chain diamine examples include structures represented by the formulas [2a-1] to [2a-31] described in paragraphs 0042 to 0051 of Patent Document 2.
- formulas [2a-1] to [2a-31] preferred are formula [2a-1] to formula [2a-6], formula [2a-9] to formula [2a-13] or formula [2a-22] to [2a-31].
- vertically aligned side chain diamine having the formula [II-2] include diamines represented by the following formulas [2b-1] to [2b-10].
- a 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group).
- a 1 represents —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CH 2 —, —O—, —CO— or NH—.
- a 2 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or a linear or branched fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
- the diamine component for obtaining the polyimide polymer of the present invention is a diamine having a photoreactive side chain represented by the following formula (3) in addition to the specific diamine (in the present invention, a photoreactive side chain). Also referred to as a type diamine).
- R 8 is a single bond, —CH 2 —, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NHCO—, —CONH—, —NH—, —CH 2 O—, —N (CH 3 ) —, —CON (CH 3 ) —, or —N (CH 3 ) CO— is represented.
- R 9 represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted by a fluorine atom, and —CH 2 — in the alkylene group is —CF 2 — or —CH ⁇ CH—.
- R 10 represents a methacryl group, an acryl group, a vinyl group, an allyl group, a coumarin group, a styryl group, or a cinnamoyl group.
- R 8 is preferably a single bond, —O—, —COO—, —NHCO, or —CONH—.
- R 9 is preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis.
- divalent carbocycle or heterocycle for replacing any —CH 2 — in R 9 include the following.
- R 10 is preferably a methacryl group, an acryl group, or a vinyl group from the viewpoint of photoreactivity.
- the amount of the photoreactive side chain is preferably within a range in which the response speed of the liquid crystal can be increased by reacting with ultraviolet irradiation to form a covalent bond. In order to further increase the response speed of the liquid crystal It is preferable that it is as many as possible within a range that does not affect other characteristics.
- the bonding position of the two amino groups (—NH 2 ) in the formula (3) is not limited. Specifically, with respect to the linking group of the side chain, 2, 3 position, 2, 4 position, 2, 5 position, 2, 6 position, 3, 4 position on the benzene ring, 3, 4 position, 5 positions. Among these, from the viewpoint of reactivity when synthesizing a polyamic acid, positions 2, 4, 2, 5, or 3, 5 are preferable. Considering the ease in synthesizing the diamine, the positions 2, 4 or 3, 5 are more preferable.
- photoreactive side chain diamine examples include the following.
- X 9 and X 10 are each independently a single bond, —O—, —COO—, —NHCO—, or —NH—, a linking group, and Y is a carbon atom which may be substituted with a fluorine atom. Represents an alkylene group of ⁇ 20.
- Examples of the photoreactive side chain diamine include a diamine having a group causing a photodimerization reaction represented by the following formula and a group causing a photopolymerization reaction in the side chain.
- Y 1 represents —CH 2 —, —O—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NH—, or —CO—.
- Y 2 is an alkylene group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a divalent carbocycle or a heterocycle, and one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkylene group, divalent carbocycle or heterocycle are fluorine atoms or organic It may be substituted with a group.
- Y 2 when the following groups are not adjacent to each other, —CH 2 — may be substituted with these groups; —O—, —NHCO—, —CONH—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NH—, —NHCONH—, —CO—.
- Y 3 represents —CH 2 —, —O—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NH—, —CO—, or a single bond.
- Y 4 represents a cinnamoyl group.
- Y 5 is a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a divalent carbocycle or a heterocycle, and one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkylene group, divalent carbocycle or heterocycle are fluorine atoms Alternatively, it may be substituted with an organic group.
- —CH 2 — may be substituted with these groups; —O—, —NHCO—, —CONH—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NH—, —NHCONH—, —CO—.
- Y 6 represents a photopolymerizable group which is an acrylic group or a methacryl group.
- the said photoreactive side chain type diamine can be used 1 type or in mixture of 2 or more types.
- ⁇ Other diamines> When manufacturing the polyimide-type polymer of this invention, other diamines other than the above-mentioned diamine can be used together as a diamine component. Specifically, for example, p-phenylenediamine, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, 2,5-diaminobenzoic acid and the like described in paragraph 0063 of Patent Document 2 are used alone or in combination. You can also
- the polyimide polymer of the present invention is obtained by (poly) polymerizing a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component to produce a polyamic acid, and imidizing the polyamic acid to produce a polyimide.
- a diamine component in addition to the specific amine, a vertical side chain diamine, a photoreactive side chain diamine, and / or the other diamine described above can be used.
- the specific diamine is preferably 5 to 60 mol%, more preferably 10 to 50 mol%, particularly preferably 20 to 40 mol%, of the diamine component used for the production of the polyimide polymer.
- the vertically aligned side chain type diamine is contained in the diamine component used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid, it is preferably used in an amount of 5 to 50 mol%, more preferably 10 to 40 mol% of the diamine component, and particularly preferably. 10 to 30 mol%.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride component The tetracarboxylic dianhydride component to be reacted with the diamine component is not particularly limited. Specifically, pyromellitic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, bicyclo [3,3,0] octane-2,4,6,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride One kind or a mixture of two or more kinds described in paragraph 0065 of Patent Document 2 such as anhydride, 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentylacetic acid-1,4,2,3-dianhydride may be used. it can.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component may also be used alone or in combination of two or more depending on the liquid crystal alignment properties, voltage holding characteristics, accumulated charge, and the like when the liquid crystal alignment film is formed.
- ⁇ Synthesis of polyamic acid> In obtaining a polyamic acid by the reaction of a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component, a known production method can be used. In general, a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component are reacted in an organic solvent. The reaction between the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is advantageous in that it proceeds relatively easily in an organic solvent and no by-products are generated.
- the organic solvent used in the above reaction is not particularly limited as long as the generated polyamic acid can be dissolved. Furthermore, even if it is an organic solvent in which a polyamic acid does not melt
- organic solvent used in the above reaction examples include those described in Patent Document 2, such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-diethylformamide, N-methylformamide, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Those described in paragraph 0084 can be mentioned. These organic solvents may be used alone or in combination.
- the method of reacting a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component in an organic solvent is to stir a solution in which the diamine component is dispersed or dissolved in the organic solvent, and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component as it is or an organic solvent.
- Dispersing or dissolving in a solution adding a diamine component to a solution obtained by dispersing or dissolving a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component in an organic solvent, alternating tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and diamine component Any of the methods of adding to In addition, when the diamine component or tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is composed of a plurality of types of compounds, they may be reacted in a premixed state, may be individually reacted sequentially, or may be further reacted individually. The body may be mixed and reacted to form a high molecular weight body.
- the temperature at the time of reacting the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is, for example, in the range of ⁇ 20 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably ⁇ 5 ° C. to 100 ° C.
- the total concentration of the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 30% by mass with respect to the reaction solution.
- the ratio of the total number of moles of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component to the total number of moles of the diamine component in the polymerization reaction can be selected according to the molecular weight of the polyamic acid to be obtained.
- the method for synthesizing the polyamic acid used in the present invention is not limited to the above-described method, and in the same manner as the general polyamic acid synthesis method, instead of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride, a tetracarboxylic acid having a corresponding structure is used.
- the corresponding polyamic acid can be obtained by a known method using a tetracarboxylic acid derivative such as acid or tetracarboxylic acid dihalide.
- Examples of the method of imidizing a polyamic acid to form a polyimide include thermal imidization in which a polyamic acid solution is heated as it is, and catalytic imidation in which a catalyst is added to the polyamic acid solution.
- the imidation ratio from polyamic acid to polyimide is not necessarily 100%.
- the temperature at which the polyamic acid is thermally imidized in the solution is 100 ° C. to 400 ° C., preferably 120 ° C. to 250 ° C., and is preferably carried out while removing water generated by the imidation reaction from the system.
- Catalytic imidation of polyamic acid can be carried out by adding a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride to a polyamic acid solution and stirring at -20 to 250 ° C, preferably 0 to 180 ° C.
- the amount of the basic catalyst is 0.5 to 30 mol times, preferably 2 to 20 mol times of the amic acid group, and the amount of the acid anhydride is 1 to 50 mol times, preferably 3 to 30 mol of the amido acid group. Is double.
- Examples of the basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine and the like. Among them, pyridine is preferable because it has an appropriate basicity for proceeding with the reaction.
- Examples of the acid anhydride include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, and the like. Among them, use of acetic anhydride is preferable because purification after completion of the reaction is facilitated.
- the imidization rate by catalytic imidation can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time.
- the reaction solution may be poured into a poor solvent and precipitated.
- the poor solvent used for precipitation include methanol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethanol, toluene, benzene, and water.
- the polymer precipitated in a poor solvent and collected by filtration can be dried by normal temperature or reduced pressure at room temperature or by heating. Further, when the operation of re-dissolving the recovered polymer in an organic solvent and repeating the reprecipitation recovery is repeated 2 to 10 times, impurities in the polymer can be reduced.
- the poor solvent at this time include alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons and the like, and it is preferable to use three or more kinds of poor solvents selected from these because purification efficiency is further improved.
- the polyimide polymer of the present invention is a liquid crystal alignment agent that forms a liquid crystal alignment film of a liquid crystal display element, particularly a response speed of a liquid crystal display element obtained by reacting a polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal alignment film. It is suitably used for a liquid crystal aligning agent capable of improving the viscosity. Furthermore, the polyimide polymer of the present invention can be used for insulating films such as pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes and electronic circuits, and for other uses such as flexible substrates.
- the content of the polyimide polymer of the present invention in the liquid crystal aligning agent is preferably 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 3 to 15% by mass, and particularly preferably 3 to 10% by mass.
- the content of the polymerizable compound is 100 masses of the polyimide polymer of the present invention.
- the amount is preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 30 parts by mass with respect to parts.
- the polymerizable compound include the following compounds. (In the formula, S 1 and S 2 are each independently an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and T 1 and T 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom.)
- the molecular weight of the polyimide polymer of the present invention is determined by GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) in consideration of the strength of the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by applying the liquid crystal aligning agent, the workability at the time of forming the coating film, and the uniformity of the coating film. )
- the weight average molecular weight measured by the method is preferably 5,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 10,000 to 150,000.
- the solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited.
- combination of said polyamic acid can be mentioned. Among them, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, or 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide is dissolved. From the viewpoint of sex. Of course, two or more kinds of mixed solvents may be used.
- a solvent that improves the uniformity and smoothness of the coating film mixed with a solvent in which the components of the liquid crystal aligning agent are highly soluble examples include those described in paragraph 0094 of Patent Document 2, such as isopropyl alcohol, methoxymethylpentanol, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, methyl cellosolve acetate, butyl cellosolve acetate, and the like.
- a plurality of these solvents may be mixed. These solvents are preferably 5 to 80% by mass, more preferably 20 to 60% by mass, based on the total amount of the solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent may contain components other than those described above. Examples thereof include compounds that improve the film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness when a liquid crystal aligning agent is applied, and compounds that improve the adhesion between the liquid crystal aligning film and the substrate.
- Specific examples of compounds that improve the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate include functional silane-containing compounds and epoxy group-containing compounds. Examples thereof include those described in paragraph 0096 of Patent Document 2 such as 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.
- a phenol compound such as 2,2′-bis (4-hydroxy-3,5-dihydroxymethylphenyl) propane or tetra (methoxymethyl) bisphenol may be added. These compounds are preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent may be added with a dielectric or conductive material for the purpose of changing the electrical properties such as the dielectric constant and conductivity of the liquid crystal alignment film.
- liquid crystal aligning agent By applying this liquid crystal aligning agent on a substrate and baking it, a liquid crystal alignment film for vertically aligning liquid crystals can be formed.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent containing the polyimide polymer of the present invention By using the liquid crystal aligning agent containing the polyimide polymer of the present invention, the response speed of the liquid crystal display element using the obtained liquid crystal aligning film can be increased.
- the polymerizable compound which may be contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent and has two or more terminals that are photopolymerized or photocrosslinked respectively, is not contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent, or together with the liquid crystal aligning agent. By containing it in the so-called PSA mode, the photoreaction becomes highly sensitive, and a tilt angle can be imparted even with a small amount of UV irradiation.
- a cured film obtained by applying a liquid crystal aligning agent to a substrate and then drying and baking as necessary can be used as a liquid crystal aligning film as it is.
- the cured film is rubbed, irradiated with polarized light or light of a specific wavelength, or treated with an ion beam, or a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element after filling the liquid crystal as a PSA alignment film It is also possible to irradiate with UV. In particular, it is useful to use as an alignment film for PSA.
- the substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, and a glass substrate, a plastic substrate such as polycarbonate, poly (meth) acrylate, or the like can be used.
- a substrate on which an ITO electrode or the like for driving liquid crystal is formed from the viewpoint of simplifying the process.
- an opaque material such as a silicon wafer can be used as long as only one substrate is used. In this case, a material that reflects light, such as aluminum, can also be used.
- the method for applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include printing methods such as screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, ink jet method, spray method, roll coating method, dip, roll coater, slit coater, and spinner. From the standpoint of productivity, the transfer printing method is widely used industrially, and is preferably used in the present invention.
- the coating film formed by applying the liquid crystal aligning agent by the above method can be baked to obtain a cured film.
- the drying process after applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not necessarily required, but if the time from application to baking is not constant for each substrate, or if baking is not performed immediately after application, the drying process is performed. It is preferable.
- the drying is not particularly limited as long as the solvent is removed to such an extent that the shape of the coating film is not deformed by transporting the substrate or the like. For example, a method of drying on a hot plate at a temperature of 40 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 60 ° C. to 100 ° C., for 0.5 minutes to 30 minutes, preferably 1 minute to 5 minutes.
- the firing temperature of the coating film formed by applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not limited, and is, for example, 100 to 350 ° C, preferably 120 to 300 ° C, and more preferably 150 ° C to 250 ° C.
- the firing time is 5 minutes to 240 minutes, preferably 10 minutes to 90 minutes, and more preferably 20 minutes to 90 minutes. Heating can be performed by a generally known method such as a hot plate, a hot air circulating furnace, an infrared furnace, or the like.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by firing is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 300 nm, more preferably 10 to 100 nm.
- the liquid crystal display element can produce a liquid crystal cell by a known method after forming a liquid crystal alignment film on a substrate by the above method.
- the two substrates disposed so as to face each other, the liquid crystal layer provided between the substrates, and the liquid crystal alignment agent provided between the substrate and the liquid crystal layer are formed by the above-described liquid crystal display element.
- a liquid crystal display element of a vertical alignment system including a liquid crystal cell having a liquid crystal alignment film is formed by applying and baking a liquid crystal alignment agent on two substrates, and the two substrates are arranged so that the liquid crystal alignment films face each other.
- a liquid crystal layer composed of liquid crystal is sandwiched between substrates, that is, a liquid crystal layer is provided in contact with a liquid crystal alignment film, and ultraviolet light is applied while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer. It is a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element having a liquid crystal cell.
- liquid crystal alignment film formed of a liquid crystal alignment agent containing the polyimide polymer of the present invention
- ultraviolet light is applied to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer while applying voltage to polymerize the polymerizable compound,
- the alignment of the liquid crystal is more efficiently fixed and the response speed is remarkably excellent. It becomes a liquid crystal display element.
- the substrate of the liquid crystal display element is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, but is usually a substrate in which a transparent electrode for driving liquid crystal is formed on the substrate.
- a substrate provided with a conventional electrode pattern or protrusion pattern may be used, in the liquid crystal display element, since the liquid crystal aligning agent containing the polyimide polymer of the present invention is used, for example, on one side substrate, It is possible to operate even in the structure where 1-10 ⁇ m line / slit electrode pattern is formed and slit pattern or protrusion pattern is not formed on the counter substrate.
- the liquid crystal display element of this structure simplifies the manufacturing process. And high transmittance can be obtained.
- a high-performance element such as a TFT type element
- an element in which an element such as a transistor is formed between an electrode for driving a liquid crystal and a substrate is used.
- a transmissive liquid crystal display element it is common to use a substrate as described above.
- an opaque substrate such as a silicon wafer may be used. Is possible.
- a material such as aluminum that reflects light may be used for the electrode formed on the substrate.
- the liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display element is not particularly limited, and a liquid crystal material used in a conventional vertical alignment method, for example, a negative type liquid crystal such as MLC-6608 or MLC-6609 manufactured by Merck is used. be able to.
- a liquid crystal containing a polymerizable compound represented by the following formula can be used.
- a known method can be exemplified. For example, a pair of substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed is prepared, spacers such as beads are spread on the liquid crystal alignment film on one substrate, and the surface on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed is on the inside. There is a method in which the other substrate is attached and liquid crystal is injected under reduced pressure to seal.
- a liquid crystal cell can also be manufactured by a method in which the other substrate is bonded and sealed so that the inner side is on the inside.
- the thickness of the spacer is preferably 1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the step of producing a liquid crystal cell by irradiating ultraviolet rays while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer includes, for example, applying an electric field between the electrodes installed on the substrate to apply an electric field to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer. And applying ultraviolet rays while maintaining this electric field.
- the voltage applied between the electrodes is, for example, 5 to 30 Vp-p, preferably 5 to 20 Vp-p.
- the irradiation amount of ultraviolet rays is, for example, 1 to 60 J, preferably 40 J or less, and the smaller the irradiation amount of ultraviolet rays, the lowering of reliability caused by the destruction of the members constituting the liquid crystal display element can be suppressed, and the irradiation time of ultraviolet rays can be reduced. This is preferable because the manufacturing efficiency is increased.
- the polymerizable compound when ultraviolet rays are irradiated while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer, the polymerizable compound reacts to form a polymer, and the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules are tilted is stored by this polymer.
- the response speed of the obtained liquid crystal display element can be increased.
- a polyimide precursor having a side chain for vertically aligning liquid crystal and a photoreactive side chain when irradiated with ultraviolet rays while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer, and the polyimide precursor as an imide Since the photoreactive side chains of at least one polymer selected from the polyimide obtained by the reaction or the photoreactive side chains of the polymer react with the polymerizable compound, the liquid crystal display element obtained The response speed can be increased.
- the imidation rate is determined based on protons derived from structures that do not change before and after imidation as reference protons, and the peak integrated value of these protons and proton peaks derived from NH groups of amic acid appearing in the vicinity of 9.5 to 10.0 ppm. It calculated
- x is the proton peak integrated value derived from the NH group of the amic acid
- y is the peak integrated value of the reference proton
- ⁇ is the proton of the NH group of the amic acid in the case of polyamic acid (imidation rate is 0%). This is the ratio of the number of reference protons to one.
- Imidization rate (%) (1 ⁇ ⁇ x / y) ⁇ 100
- reaction solution was poured into pure water (1.2 L), the aqueous layer was extracted twice with ethyl acetate (500 mL), and the organic layers were combined and dried over magnesium sulfate. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated with an evaporator to obtain an oily crude product. Ethyl acetate (100 g) and hexane (1100 g) were added to the resulting crude product, dissolved by heating, and the solid precipitated by stirring at room temperature was filtered and dried to obtain Compound 13 (amount 12.79 g, yield 43). %).
- reaction was monitored by HPLC, and after completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was poured into pure water (1 L), and after filtration, the obtained crude product was heated twice with acetonitrile (230 g), washed with repulp twice, and the solid was dried to obtain a compound. 14 was obtained (13.5 g yield, 46% yield).
- Example 1 BODA (1.20 g, 4.8 mmol), DA-1 (2.36 g, 4.8 mmol), p-PDA (0.39 g, 3.6 mmol), 3AMPDA (0.87 g, 3.6 mmol) with NMP ( After dissolving in 18.4 g) and reacting at 60 ° C. for 5 hours, CBDA (1.39 g, 7.1 mmol) and NMP (6.1 g) were added and reacted at 40 ° C. for 10 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution. Obtained.
- NMP (22.0 g) was added to the obtained polyimide powder (A) (3.0 g), and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 20 hours.
- 3AMP (1 wt% NMP solution) 3.0g, NMP (2.0g), and BCS (20.0g) were added to this solution, and the liquid crystal aligning agent (A1) was obtained by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours.
- NMP (44.0 g) was added to the obtained polyimide powder (B) (6.0 g), and the mixture was dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 20 hours.
- 6.0 g of 3AMP (1 wt% NMP solution), NMP (4.0 g) and BCS (40.0 g) were added and stirred at room temperature for 5 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (B1).
- NMP (44.0 g) was added to the obtained polyimide powder (C) (6.0 g) and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 20 hours.
- 3AMP (1 mass% NMP solution) 6.0g, NMP (4.0g), and BCS (40.0g) were added to this solution, and the liquid crystal aligning agent (C1) was obtained by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours.
- 5.0 g of the liquid crystal aligning agent (A1) obtained in Example 1 as a first component and 5.0 g of the liquid crystal aligning agent (C1) obtained as above as a second component are mixed and stirred for 1 hour.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent (A2) was prepared.
- Example 4 5.0 g of the liquid crystal aligning agent (B1) obtained in Example 1 as the first component and 5.0 g of the same liquid crystal aligning agent (C1) used as the second component of Example 3 above as the second component. Were mixed and stirred for 1 hour to prepare a liquid crystal aligning agent (B2). Further, 30 mg of each of the liquid crystal alignment agents (A1, A2, B1, B2) obtained in Examples 1 to 4 was dropped on a glass substrate on which chromium was vapor-deposited, and the temperature was kept at 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 65% under constant temperature and humidity. Let stand for 30 minutes. Thereafter, it was confirmed that the polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent did not cause whitening due to aggregation or precipitation, and the whitening aggregation resistance was also good.
- NMP (44.0 g) was added to the obtained polyimide powder (D) (6.0 g), and the mixture was dissolved by stirring at 50 ° C. for 5 hours.
- 3AMP (1 wt% NMP solution) 6.0g, NMP (4.0g), and BCS (40.0g) were added to this solution, and the liquid crystal aligning agent (D1) was obtained by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours.
- Comparative Example 2 The liquid crystal aligning agent (D1) obtained in Comparative Example 1 was mixed with 5.0 g as the first component, and the liquid crystal aligning agent (C1) obtained in Example 3 was mixed with 5.0 g as the second component and stirred for 1 hour. By doing so, a liquid crystal aligning agent (D2) was prepared.
- Table 1 shows the specifications of the liquid crystal aligning agents A1, B1, C1, and D1 manufactured above.
- Example 5 Production of liquid crystal cell
- the liquid crystal aligning agent (A1) obtained in Example 1 a liquid crystal cell was prepared according to the procedure shown below.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent (A1) is spin coated on the ITO surface of the ITO electrode substrate on which the ITO electrode pattern having a pixel size of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 300 ⁇ m and a line / space of 5 ⁇ m is formed, and dried on a hot plate at 80 ° C. for 90 seconds. Then, baking was performed in a hot air circulation oven at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a liquid crystal alignment film having a thickness of 100 nm.
- Example 5 Example 5 except that the liquid crystal aligning agent (B1), (A2), (B2), (D1) or (D2) shown in Table 2 was used instead of the liquid crystal aligning agent (A1).
- the operations of Examples 6 to 8 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4 were performed, and the response speed before and after UV irradiation and the pretilt angle were measured. The results are summarized in Table 2.
- the polyimide polymer of the present invention can improve the response speed of a liquid crystal alignment agent that forms a liquid crystal alignment film of a liquid crystal display element, particularly a liquid crystal display element obtained by reacting a polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal alignment film. It can be used as a liquid crystal aligning agent. It should be noted that the entire contents of the specification, claims, drawings, and abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-162123 filed on August 19, 2015 are cited here as disclosure of the specification of the present invention. Incorporate.
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Abstract
Description
このようなVA方式の液晶表示素子では、予め液晶組成物中に光重合性化合物を添加し、かつポリイミド系などの垂直配向膜を用い、液晶セルに電圧を印加しながら紫外線を照射することで、液晶の応答速度を速くするPSA(Polymer Sustained Alignment)方式素子が知られている(特許文献1、非特許文献1参照)。
さらに、光重合性化合物を液晶組成物ではなく、液晶配向膜中に添加することによっても、液晶表示素子の応答速度が速くなることが報告されている(SC-PVA型液晶ディスプレイ、非特許文献2参照)。
また、本発明は、上記新規なイミド系重合体を含有する液晶配向剤、該液晶配向剤を用いた液晶配向膜、及び該液晶配向膜を備える液晶表示素子を提供することにある。
すなわち、本発明のポリイミド系重合体では、上記式(1)で表される新規なジアミン化合物は、分子中にラジカルを発生させる光反応性構造と垂直配向性構造とを有することから、該ジアミンを原料にしたポリイミド系重合体を含有する液晶配向剤では、かかるポリイミド系重合体に含まれる側鎖の含有率を減少させることができ、また、液晶配向剤に必要とされる他の特性(例えば電気特性等)を発現させるための他の成分を導入することが可能となる。さらに、ポリイミド系重合体中の側鎖量が減少することにより、重合体の凝集や液晶配向剤の塗布性なども改善することが可能となる。
上記式(1)において、X1、X2、X3、X4のそれぞれの定義は、上記したとおりである。なかでも、X1は、合成の容易性の観点から、-O-又は-CH2O-が好ましい。また、X2、X3は、高い垂直配向性の観点から、シクロヘキサン環が好ましい。
X2がシクロヘキサン環である場合は、4-クロマノン骨格とスピロ結合を介して結合するのが好ましい。また、X4は、原料の入手性の観点から、炭素数3~7のアルキル基が好ましい。
本発明における特定ジアミンの合成方法は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、以下に示す方法によって合成することができる。
すなわち、特定ジアミンに対応する下記一般式(2)で表されるジニトロ化合物(上記式中、X1~X4は式(1)と同じ)を合成し、さらに、該ジニトロ化合物の有するニトロ基を還元しアミノ基に変換することで得られる。
一般式(2)で表されるジニトロ化合物の合成方法は特に限定されず、任意の方法により合成することができる。その具体例としては、例えば、以下のスキーム(3)に示されるような方法で合成することができる。
上記ジニトロベンゼン化合物Aにおいて、X5は、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素、フッ素、-OH、-COOH、-COOCl、又は-(CH2)aOH(aは1~15の整数である)のいずれかからなる。フェノール化合物BにおけるX1~X4は式(1)における場合と同様である。なお、ここに示した化合物は一例であり、特に限定されるものではない。
本発明のポリイミド系重合体重合体を得るためのジアミン成分は、特定ジミンとともに、それ以外の他のジアミンを含有していてもよい。かかる他のジアミンとして、液晶を垂直に配向させる側鎖を有するジアミン(本発明では、垂直配向側鎖型ジアミンともいう。)が挙げられる。
かかる垂直配向側鎖型ジアミンの好ましい例は、下記式(II-1)又は式(II-2)を有するジアミンが挙げられる。
X6は、なかでも、炭素数1~18のアルキル基、炭素数1~10のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~18のアルコキシル基又は炭素数1~10のフッ素含有アルコキシル基が好ましい。より好ましくは、炭素数1~12のアルキル基又は炭素数1~12のアルコキシル基である。特に好ましくは、炭素数1~9のアルキル基又は炭素数1~9のアルコキシル基である。
かかる式[2a-1]~[2a-31]のなかでも、好ましいのは、式[2a-1]~式[2a-6]、式[2a-9]~式[2a-13]又は式[2a-22]~式[2a-31]である。
本発明のポリイミド系重合体を得るためのジアミン成分は、特定ジアミン以外に、さらに下記の式(3)で表される光反応性の側鎖を有するジアミン(本発明では、光反応性側鎖型ジアミンともいう。)を含有してもよい。
なかでも、R8は、単結合、-O-、-COO-、-NHCO、又は-CONH-が好ましい。R9は、合成の容易性の観点から、単結合又は、炭素数1~12のアルキレン基が好ましい。
光反応性の側鎖の存在量は、紫外線の照射によって反応し共有結合を形成することにより液晶の応答速度を速めることができる範囲であることが好ましく、液晶の応答速度をより速めるためには、他の特性に影響が出ない範囲で、可能な限り多いことが好ましい。
式(3)における2つのアミノ基(-NH2)の結合位置は限定されない。具体的には、側鎖の結合基に対して、ベンゼン環上の2,3の位置、2,4の位置、2,5の位置、2,6の位置、3,4の位置、3,5の位置が挙げられる。なかでも、ポリアミック酸を合成する際の反応性の観点から、2,4の位置、2,5の位置、又は3,5の位置が好ましい。ジアミンを合成する際の容易性も加味すると、2,4の位置、又は3,5の位置がより好ましい。
上記光反応性側鎖型ジアミンは、1種類又は2種類以上を混合して使用できる。
本発明のポリイミド系重合体を製造する場合、上記したジアミン以外のその他のジアミンをジアミン成分として併用できる。具体的には、例えば、p-フェニレンジアミン、3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸、2,5-ジアミノ安息香酸など、特許文献2の段落0063に記載される1種又は2種以上を混合して使用することもできる。
本発明のポリイミド重合体は、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分を(縮)重合させてポリアミック酸を製造し、該ポリアミック酸をイミド化してポリイミドを製造することにより得られる。
<ジアミン成分>
上記のジアミン成分としては、特定アミンに加え、垂直側鎖型ジアミン、光反応性側鎖型ジアミン、及び/又は上記したその他のジアミンが使用できる。
また、垂直配向側鎖型ジアミンは、ポリアミック酸の合成に用いるジアミン成分に含有する場合、5~50モル%用いることが好ましく、より好ましくはジアミン成分の10~40モル%であり、特に好ましくは10~30モル%である。
光反応性側鎖型ジアミンを使用する場合、ポリイミド系重合体の合成に用いるジアミン成分の5~50モル%を用いることが好ましく、より好ましくは10~40モル%、特に好ましくは10~20モル%である。
上記のジアミン成分と反応させるテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分は特に限定されない。具体的には、ピロメリット酸二無水物、1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、ビシクロ[3,3,0]オクタン-2,4,6,8-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、2,3,5-トリカルボキシシクロペンチル酢酸-1,4,2,3-二無水物など、特許文献2の段落0065に記載の1種又は2種以上を混合して使用することもできる。勿論、テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分も、液晶配向膜にした際の液晶配向性、電圧保持特性、蓄積電荷などの特性に応じて、1種類又は2種類以上併用してもよい。
ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分との反応により、ポリアミック酸を得るにあたっては、公知の製造手法を用いることができる。一般的には、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分とを有機溶媒中で反応させる方法である。ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分との反応は、有機溶媒中で比較的容易に進行し、かつ副生成物が発生しない点で有利である。
上記の重合反応における、ジアミン成分の合計モル数に対するテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分の合計モル数の比率は、得ようとするポリアミック酸の分子量に応じて選択できる。通常の重縮合反応と同様に、このモル比が1.0に近いほど生成するポリアミック酸の分子量は大きくなり、好ましい範囲を示すならば0.8~1.2である。
本発明に用いられるポリアミック酸を合成する方法は上記の手法に限定されず、一般的なポリアミック酸の合成方法と同様に、上記のテトラカルボン酸二無水物に代えて、対応する構造のテトラカルボン酸又はテトラカルボン酸ジハライドなどのテトラカルボン酸誘導体を用い、公知の方法で対応するポリアミック酸を得ることができる。
ポリアミック酸をイミド化させてポリイミドとする方法としては、ポリアミック酸の溶液をそのまま加熱する熱イミド化、ポリアミック酸の溶液に触媒を添加する触媒イミド化が挙げられる。なお、ポリアミック酸からポリイミドへのイミド化率は、必ずしも100%である必要はない。
ポリアミック酸の触媒イミド化は、ポリアミック酸の溶液に、塩基性触媒と酸無水物とを添加し、-20~250℃、好ましくは0~180℃で攪拌することにより行うことができる。塩基性触媒の量はアミド酸基の0.5~30モル倍、好ましくは2~20モル倍であり、酸無水物の量はアミド酸基の1~50モル倍、好ましくは3~30モル倍である。塩基性触媒としてはピリジン、トリエチルアミン、トリメチルアミン、トリブチルアミン、トリオクチルアミンなどを挙げることができ、中でもピリジンは反応を進行させるのに適度な塩基性を持つので好ましい。酸無水物としては、無水酢酸、無水トリメリット酸、無水ピロメリット酸などを挙げることができ、中でも無水酢酸を用いると反応終了後の精製が容易となるので好ましい。触媒イミド化によるイミド化率は、触媒量と反応温度、反応時間を調節することにより制御することができる。
本発明のポリイミド系重合体は、上記したように、液晶表示素子の液晶配向膜を形成する液晶配向剤、特に、液晶配向膜中の重合性化合物を反応させて得られる液晶表示素子の応答速度を向上させることができる液晶配向剤に好適に用いられる。更に、本発明のポリイミド系重合体は、粘着テープや電子回路などの絶縁膜への利用、フレキシブル基材などの他の用途にも使用できる。
また、かかる重合性化合物としては、下記の化合物が例示される。
なかでも、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、γ-ブチロラクトン、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン、1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノン、又は3-メトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミドは、溶解性の点から好ましい。勿論、2種以上の混合溶媒でもよい。
さらに、液晶配向剤には、上記の他、液晶配向膜の誘電率や導電性などの電気特性を変化させる目的の誘電体や導電物質を添加してもよい。
また、焼成して得られる液晶配向膜の厚みは特に限定されないが、好ましくは5~300nm、より好ましくは10~100nmである。
透過型の液晶表示素子の場合は、上記の如き基板を用いることが一般的であるが、反射型の液晶表示素子では、片側の基板のみにならばシリコンウエハー等の不透明な基板も用いることが可能である。その際、基板に形成された電極には、光を反射するアルミニウムの如き材料を用いることもできる。
BODA:ビシクロ[3,3,0]オクタン-2,4,6,8-テトラカルボン酸二無水物
CBDA:1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
PMDA:ピロメリット酸二無水物
(ジアミン)
p-PDA:p-フェニレンジアミン
DBA:3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸
3AMPDA:3,5-ジアミノ-N-(ピリジン-3-イルメチル)ベンズアミド
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、 THF:テトラヒドロフラン
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ、 DMF:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド
<添加剤>
3AMP:3-ピコリルアミン
装置:常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC):センシュー科学社製SSC-7200)、
カラム:Shodex社製カラム(KD-803、KD-805)
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N’-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:東ソー社製 TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量約9000,000、150,000、100,000、30,000)、及び、ポリマーラボラトリー社製 ポリエチレングリコール(分子量 約12,000、4,000、1,000)。
ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMRサンプル管(草野科学社製 NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード φ5)に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6、0.05%TMS混合品)1.0mlを添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液を日本電子データム社製NMR測定器(JNW-ECA500)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5~10.0ppm付近に現れるアミック酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い以下の式によって求めた。なお下記式において、xはアミック酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値、αはポリアミック酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミック酸のNH基のプロトン1個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
窒素置換した4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物1(50.00g, 329mmol)、化合物2(82.35g, 329mmol)、及びDMF(250g)を加え、室温で撹拌しながらピロリジン(70.15g, 984mmol)を加えた。その後、100℃で加熱撹拌を行った。反応をHPLC(high performance liquid chromatography)にて追跡し、反応終了後、純水(1.5L)へ反応溶液を注ぎ、酢酸エチル(1L)で分液を行った。水層を酢酸エチル(500mL)で2回洗浄し、有機層を合わせた後、純水(500mL)で再度2回洗浄した後、有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、その後、ろ過ろ液をエバポレーターで濃縮し粗物を得た。得られた粗物にアセトニトリル(300g)で3回加熱リパルプ洗浄し、得られた固体を乾燥し化合物3を得た(得量69.5g、収率53%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6, δppm):9.32(1H, brs), 7.04(1H, d), 6.98(1H, dd), 6.83(1H, d), 2.62(2H, s), ),1.99-1.96(2H, m), 1.74-1.70(4H, m), 1.48-0.805(24H, m).
窒素置換した4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物3(15.00g, 39.0mmol)、トリエチルアミン(4.34g, 42.9mmol)、及びDMF(100g)を加え室温で撹拌を行った。その後、化合物4(7.62g, 41.1mmol)のDMF(20g)溶液を滴下した。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、純水(0.7L)へ反応溶液を注ぎ、析出した固体をろ過、純水、メタノールで順次洗浄後、固体を乾燥し化合物5を得た(得量20.2g、収率94%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物5(17.00g, 30.8mmol)、3wt%Pt/C(含水)(6.8g)、及び1,4-ジオキサン(340g)を加え、窒素置換、続く水素置換を行い室温で撹拌を行った。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、触媒をろ過し、ろ液をエバポレーターで濃縮し粗物を得た。得られた粗物をメタノール(150g)で洗浄し、固体を乾燥しジアミンDA-1を得た(得量10.1g、収率66%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
窒素置換した4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物3(15.00g, 39.0mmol)、トリエチルアミン(4.74g, 46.8mmol)、及びTHF(100g)を加え反応溶液を10℃に冷却し撹拌を行った。その後、化合物6(9.44g, 41.0mmol)のTHF(40g)溶液を滴下した。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、純水(0.5L)へ反応溶液を注ぎ、しばらく室温で撹拌し析出した固体をろ過、純水、2-プロパノールで順次洗浄後、固体を乾燥し化合物7を得た(得量21.1g、収率94%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物7(18.00g, 31.1mmol)、3wt%Pt/C(含水)(7.2g)、及び1,4-ジオキサン(360g)を加え、窒素置換、続く水素置換を行い室温で撹拌を行った。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、触媒をろ過し、ろ液をエバポレーターで濃縮し粗物を得た。得られた粗物をヘキサン(150g)で洗浄し、固体を乾燥しジアミンDA-2を得た(得量14.9g、収率92%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
窒素置換した4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物8(11.82g, 57.2mmol)、化合物3(20.00g, 52.0mmol)、及びTHF(160g)を加え40℃で撹拌した。その後、水酸化ナトリウム(2.5g)/純水(80g)水溶液を徐々に滴下し、滴下終了後室温で反応を行った。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、純水(1L)へ反応溶液を注ぎ、ろ過後、得られた粗物を2-プロパノール(300g)、アセトニトリル(350g)でそれぞれ加熱リパルプ洗浄し、固体を乾燥し化合物9を得た(得量24.6g、収率84%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物9(22.00g, 39.0mmol)、3wt%Pt/C(含水)(6.6g)、及び1,4-ジオキサン(440g)を加え、窒素置換、続く水素置換を行い室温で撹拌を行った。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、触媒をろ過し、ろ液をエバポレーターで濃縮し粗物を得た。得られた粗物を酢酸エチル(100g)で加熱リパルプ洗浄し、ろ過により得られた固体を乾燥しジアミンDA-3を得た(得量11.9g、収率61%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
窒素置換した4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物10(50.00g, 329mmol)、化合物2(82.35g, 329mmol)、及びDMF(250g)を加え、室温で撹拌しながらピロリジン(70.15g, 986mmol)を加えた。その後、100℃で加熱撹拌を行った。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、純水(1.5L)へ反応溶液を注ぎ撹拌を行った。析出した固体をろ過、純水(1L)、2-プロパノール(500g)で順次洗浄し、固体を乾燥し化合物11を得た(得量63.8g、収率50%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6, δppm):9.32(1H, brs), 7.04(1H, d), 6.98(1H, dd), 6.83(1H, d), 2.62(2H, s), ),1.99-1.96(2H, m), 1.74-1.70(4H, m), 1.48-0.805(24H, m).
窒素置換した4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物11(20.00g, 52.0mmol)、トリエチルアミン(5.79g, 57.2mmol)、及びDMF(120g)を加え室温で撹拌を行った。その後、化合物4(10.16g, 54.6mmol)のDMF(40g)溶液を滴下した。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、純水(1L)へ反応溶液を注ぎ、分液により水層を除去した後、有機層を純水(500mL)で4回洗浄し、有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、ろ過、ろ液をエバポレーターで濃縮した。得られたオイル状粗物を2-プロパノール(100g)で加熱撹拌後、室温に冷却し析出した固体をろ過、乾燥し化合物12を得た(得量13.7g、収率48%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物12(10.00g, 30.8mmol)、3wt%Pt/C(含水)(2.00g)、及び1,4-ジオキサン(200g)を加え、窒素置換、続く水素置換を行い室温で撹拌を行った。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、触媒をろ過し、ろ液をエバポレーターで濃縮し粗物を得た。得られた粗物をメタノール(400g)で洗浄し、固体を乾燥しジアミンDA-4を得た(得量8.01g、収率90%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
窒素置換した4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物11(20.00g, 52.0mmol)、トリエチルアミン(6.32g, 62.4mmol)、及びTHF(150g)を加え反応溶液を10℃に冷却し撹拌を行った。その後、化合物6(12.59g, 54.6mmol)のTHF(50g)溶液を滴下した。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、純水(1.2L)へ反応溶液を注ぎ、酢酸エチル(500mL)で2回水層を抽出し、有機層を合わせて硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。ろ過後、ろ液をエバポレーターで濃縮し、オイル状の粗物を得た。得られた粗物に酢酸エチル(100g)、ヘキサン(1100g)を加え加熱溶解後、室温撹拌することで析出した固体をろ過、乾燥し化合物13を得た(得量12.79g、収率43%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物13(10.00g, 17.3mmol)、3wt%Pt/C(含水)(2.0g)、及び1,4-ジオキサン(200g)を加え、窒素置換、続く水素置換を行い室温で撹拌を行った。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、触媒をろ過し、ろ液をエバポレーターで濃縮し粗物を得た。得られた粗物をメタノール(40g)で洗浄し、固体を乾燥しジアミンDA-5を得た(得量8.14g、収率91%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
窒素置換した4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物8(11.82g, 57.2mmol)、化合物8(20.00g, 52.0mmol)、及びTHF(160g)を加え40℃で撹拌した。その後、水酸化ナトリウム(2.5g)/純水(80g)水溶液を徐々に滴下し、滴下終了後室温で反応を行った。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、純水(1L)へ反応溶液を注ぎ、ろ過後、得られた粗物をアセトニトリル(230g)で加熱リパルプ洗浄を2回行い、固体を乾燥し化合物14を得た(得量13.5g、収率46%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物14(12.00g, 21.3mmol)、3wt%Pt/C(含水)(3.6g)、及び1,4-ジオキサン(240g)を加え、窒素置換、続く水素置換を行い室温で撹拌を行った。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、触媒をろ過し、ろ液をエバポレーターで濃縮しオイル状の粗物を得た。得られた粗物にメタノール(100g)を加え結晶化させ、ろ過により得られた固体を乾燥しジアミンDA-6を得た(得量6.6g、収率62%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
窒素置換した4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物10(24.25g, 159mmol)、化合物15(29.28g, 159mmol)、及びDMF(120g)を加え、室温で撹拌しながらピロリジン(34.00g, 478mmol)を加えた。その後、100℃で加熱撹拌を行った。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、純水(0.7L)へ反応溶液を注ぎ、酢酸エチル(1L)、ヘキサン(500mL)を加え分液を行った。その後、有機層を純水(1L)で2回洗浄し硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、その後、ろ過ろ液をエバポレーターで濃縮し粗物を得た。得られた粗物にヘキサン(200g)を加え、析出した固体をろ過、乾燥し化合物16を得た(得量49.6g、収率98%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6, δppm):9.32(1H, brs), 7.04(1H, d), 6.98(1H, dd), 6.83(1H, d), 2.62(2H, s), ),1.99-1.96(2H, m), 1.74-1.70(4H, m), 1.48-0.805(24H, m).
窒素置換した4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物16(25.47g, 77.5mmol)、トリエチルアミン(9.40g, 93.0mmol)、及びDMF(130g)を加え室温で撹拌を行った。その後、化合物4(15.1g, 81.4mmol)のDMF(20g)溶液を滴下した。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、純水(0.9L)へ反応溶液を注ぎ、析出した固体をろ過、純水、メタノールで順次洗浄後、固体を乾燥し化合物17を得た(得量35.3g、収率94%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物17(32.00g, 66.0mmol)、3wt%Pt/C(含水)(3.2g)、及び1,4-ジオキサン(480g)を加え、窒素置換、続く水素置換を行い室温で撹拌を行った。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、触媒をろ過し、ろ液をエバポレーターで濃縮しオイル状の粗物を得た。得られた粗物をメタノール(100g)に溶解させ、冷却撹拌することで固体を析出させ、固体をろ過、乾燥しジアミンDA-7を得た(得量27.3g、収率98%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
窒素置換した4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物16(40.00g, 121.7mmol)、トリエチルアミン(14.8g, 146.1mmol)、及びTHF(500g)を加え反応溶液を10℃に冷却し撹拌を行った。その後、化合物6(29.46g, 127.8mmol)のTHF(100g)溶液を滴下した。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、純水(3.5L)へ反応溶液を注ぎ、しばらく室温で撹拌し析出した固体をろ過、純水、2-プロパノールで順次洗浄後、固体を乾燥し化合物18を得た(得量61.75g、収率99%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物18(55.00g, 107.3mmol)、3wt%Pt/C(含水)(5.5g)、及び1,4-ジオキサン(820g)を加え、窒素置換、続く水素置換を行い室温で撹拌を行った。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、触媒をろ過し、ろ液をエバポレーターで濃縮し粗物を得た。得られた粗物を2-プロパノール(390g)で洗浄し、固体を乾燥しジアミンDA-8を得た(得量40.75g、収率84%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
窒素置換した4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物19(25.00g, 100.1mmol)、トリエチルアミン(12.23g, 120.8mmol)、及びTHF(270g)を加え反応溶液を10℃に冷却し撹拌を行った。その後、化合物6(24.37g, 105.7mmol)のTHF(100g)溶液を滴下した。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、純水(3.5L)へ反応溶液を注ぎ、しばらく室温で撹拌し析出した固体をろ過、純水、2-プロパノールで順次洗浄後、固体を乾燥し化合物20を得た(得量42.37g、収率95%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物20(44.00g, 90.41mmol)、3wt%Pt/C(含水)(4.0g)、及び1,4-ジオキサン(600g)を加え、窒素置換、続く水素置換を行い室温で撹拌を行った。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、触媒をろ過し、ろ液をエバポレーターで濃縮しオイル状の粗物を得た。得られた粗物に酢酸エチル(120g)/ヘキサン(300g)を加え激しく撹拌することで固体化させ、固体をろ過、乾燥しジアミンDA-9を得た(得量28.4g、収率82%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
BODA(1.20g、4.8mmol)、DA-1(2.36g、4.8mmol)、p-PDA(0.39g、3.6mmol)、3AMPDA(0.87g、3.6mmol)をNMP(18.4g)中で溶解し、60℃で5時間反応させた後、CBDA(1.39g、7.1mmol)とNMP(6.1g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
このポリアミック酸溶液(27g)にNMPを加え6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(4.7g)、及びピリジン(1.5g)を加え、70℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(400ml)に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(A)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は72%であり、数平均分子量は12000、重量平均分子量は53000であった。
得られたポリイミド粉末(A)(3.0g)にNMP(22.0g)を加え、70℃にて20時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に3AMP(1wt%NMP溶液)3.0g、NMP(2.0g)、BCS(20.0g)を加え、室温で5時間攪拌することにより液晶配向剤(A1)を得た。
BODA(1.60、 6.4mmol)、DA-2(3.23g、6.4mmol)、3AMPDA(1.16g、4.8mmol)、及びp-PDA(0.52g、4.8mmol)をNMP(25.0g)中で溶解し、60℃で5時間反応させた後、CBDA(1.85g、9.4mmol)とNMP(8.3g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
このポリアミック酸溶液(38g)にNMPを加え6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(6.6g)、及びピリジン(2.0g)を加え、70℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(500ml)に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(B)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は73%であり、数平均分子量は14000、重量平均分子量は44000であった。
得られたポリイミド粉末(B)(6.0g)にNMP(44.0g)を加え、70℃にて20時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に3AMP(1wt%NMP溶液)6.0g、NMP(4.0g)、BCS(40.0g)を加え、室温で5時間攪拌することにより液晶配向剤(B1)を得た。
BODA(5.00g、20.0mmol)、DBA(6.09g、40.0mmol)、3AMPDA(7.27g、30.0mmol)、及びDA-10(11.42g、30.0mmol)をNMP(136.5g)中で溶解し、60℃で3時間反応させた後、PMDA(4.36g、48.5mmol)とCBDA(11.37g、58.0mmol)とNMP(45.51g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
上記実施例1で得られた液晶配向剤(A1)を第1成分として5.0g、上記で得られた液晶配向剤(C1)を第2成分として5.0gを混合し、1時間撹拌することにより液晶配向剤(A2)を調製した。
実施例1で得られた液晶配向剤(B1)を第1成分として5.0g、上記実施例3の第2成分として使用したのと同じ液晶配向剤(C1)を第2成分として5.0gを混合し、1時間撹拌することにより液晶配向剤(B2)を調製した。また、クロムを蒸着したガラス基板に実施例1~4で得られた液晶配向剤(A1、A2、B1、B2)をそれぞれ30mg滴下し、温度25℃、相対湿度65%の恒温恒湿下に30分間静置した。その後、液晶配向剤に含まれる重合体が凝集や析出による白化を起こしておらず、白化凝集耐性も良好であることを確認した。
BODA(4.00、16.0mmol)、DA-10(6.09g、16.0mmol)、3AMPDA(2.91g、12.0mmol)、及びp-PDA(1.30g、12.0mmol)をNMP(56.5g)中で溶解し、60℃で5時間反応させた後、CBDA(4.59g、23.4mmol)とNMP(18.9g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
得られたポリイミド粉末(D)(6.0g)にNMP(44.0g)を加え、50℃にて5時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に3AMP(1wt%NMP溶液)6.0g、NMP(4.0g)、BCS(40.0g)を加え、室温で5時間攪拌することにより液晶配向剤(D1)を得た。
比較例1で得られた液晶配向剤(D1)を第1成分として5.0g、実施例3で得られた液晶配向剤(C1)を第2成分として5.0gを混合し、1時間撹拌することにより液晶配向剤(D2)を調製した。
実施例1で得られた液晶配向剤(A1)を用いて下記に示すような手順で液晶セルの作製を行った。液晶配向剤(A1)を、画素サイズが100μm×300μmでライン/スペースがそれぞれ5μmのITO電極パターンが形成されているITO電極基板のITO面にスピンコートし、80℃のホットプレートで90秒間乾燥した後、200℃の熱風循環式オーブンで30分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。
また、液晶配向剤(A1)を電極パターンが形成されていないITO面にスピンコートし、80℃のホットプレートで90秒乾燥させた後、200℃の熱風循環式オーブンで30分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。
得られた液晶セルの応答速度を、下記方法により測定した。その後、この液晶セルに15VのDC電圧を印加した状態で、この液晶セルの外側から波長365nmのバンドパスフィルターを通したUVを10J/ cm2照射した。その後、再び応答速度を測定し、UV照射前後での応答速度を比較した。また、UV照射後のセルについて画素部分のプレチルト角を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
バックライト、クロスニコルの状態にした一組の偏光版、光量検出器の順で構成される測定装置を使用し、一組の偏光版の間に液晶セルを配置した。このときライン/スペースが形成されているITO電極のパターンがクロスニコルに対して45°の角度になるようにした。そして、上記の液晶セルに電圧±7V、周波数1kHzの矩形波を印加し、光量検出器によって観測される輝度が飽和するまでの変化をオシロスコープにて取り込み、電圧を印加していない時の輝度を0%、±7Vの電圧を印加し、飽和した輝度の値を100%として、輝度が10%から90%まで変化するのにかかる時間を応答速度とした。
「プレチルト角の測定」
LCDアナライザー(名菱テクニカ社製LCA-LUV42A)を使用して測定した。
実施例5において、液晶配向剤(A1)の代わりに、表2に示される、液晶配向剤(B1)、(A2)、(B2)、(D1)又は(D2)を用いた以外は実施例5と同様に、実施例6~8及び比較例3、4の操作を行って、UV照射前後での応答速度、及びプレチルト角の測定を行なった。結果を表2にまとめて示した。
これはPSAで使用する重合性化合物自体が365nmの紫外線をほとんど吸収しないため、光反応を促進する部位を有さない液晶配向膜では重合反応が充分に進行しなかったためであると考えられる。
なお、2015年8月19日に出願された日本特許出願2015-162123号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面、及び要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (12)
- 下記式(1)で表されるジアミン化合物を含むジアミン成分と、テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分とを反応させて得られるポリアミック酸及び該ポリアミック酸をイミド化させて得られるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のポリイミド系重合体。
(式中、X1は単結合、-(CH2)a-(aは1~15の整数である)、-O-、-CH2O-、-COO-及び-OCO-からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を表す。X2は単結合、又はベンゼン環、シクロヘキサン環及び複素環からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の2価の環状基を表し、X2がシクロヘキサン環である場合は、4-クロマノン骨格とスピロ結合を介して結合していてもよい。X3は単結合、又はベンゼン環、シクロヘキサン環及び複素環からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の2価の環状基を表す。X2、X3が環状基である場合、該環状基上の任意の水素原子が、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、炭素数1~3のアルコキシル基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルコキシル基又はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい。X4は炭素数1~18のアルキル基、炭素数1~18のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~18のアルコキシル基及び炭素数1~18のフッ素含有アルコキシル基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を表す。) - 前記式(1)で表されるジアミン化合物が、式(1)中、X2がシクロヘキサン環であり、かつ4-クロマノン骨格とスピロ結合を介して結合しているジアミンである請求項1に記載のポリイミド系重合体。
- 前記式(1)中、X1が-O-又は-CH2O-で表されるジアミンである請求項1又は2に記載のポリイミド系重合体。
- 前記式(1)中、X4が炭素数3~7のアルキル基で表されるジアミンである請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のポリイミド系重合体。
- 前記式(1)で表されるジアミン化合物が、前記ジアミン成分中、5モル%~60モル%である、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のポリイミド系重合体。
- 請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のポリイミド系重合体を含有する液晶配向剤。
- 請求項7に記載の液晶配向剤を用いて形成された液晶配向膜。
- 請求項8に記載の液晶配向膜を有する液晶表示素子。
- 液晶表示素子がPSA方式である請求項9に記載の液晶表示素子。
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| JP2023007402A (ja) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-01-18 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、液晶素子、重合体及びジアミン |
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| TWI760357B (zh) * | 2017-08-24 | 2022-04-11 | 奇美實業股份有限公司 | 液晶配向劑、液晶配向膜及液晶顯示元件 |
| CN112939915B (zh) * | 2021-02-05 | 2022-10-14 | 武汉柔显科技股份有限公司 | 感光树脂用二胺单体、聚酰亚胺前体、感光树脂组合物及其应用 |
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| JP2001097969A (ja) * | 1999-09-29 | 2001-04-10 | Chisso Corp | ジアミノ化合物およびこれを用いた樹脂組成物、液晶配向膜、液晶表示素子 |
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| JP2009193054A (ja) * | 2008-01-16 | 2009-08-27 | Jsr Corp | 液晶配向剤および液晶表示素子 |
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| JP4175826B2 (ja) | 2002-04-16 | 2008-11-05 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置 |
| JP2006089492A (ja) * | 2005-10-11 | 2006-04-06 | Kaneka Corp | 新規ジアミン及びこれを用いた新規ポリイミド組成物 |
| CN104136979B (zh) * | 2011-12-28 | 2017-02-22 | 日产化学工业株式会社 | 液晶取向剂、液晶取向膜、液晶显示元件及液晶显示元件的制造方法 |
| WO2015033921A1 (ja) | 2013-09-03 | 2015-03-12 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
| WO2015115588A1 (ja) * | 2014-01-30 | 2015-08-06 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 |
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- 2016-08-18 JP JP2017535561A patent/JP6856021B2/ja active Active
- 2016-08-18 WO PCT/JP2016/074141 patent/WO2017030169A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2016-08-18 KR KR1020187007284A patent/KR102573450B1/ko active Active
- 2016-08-19 TW TW105126604A patent/TWI699384B/zh active
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| JPH04198178A (ja) * | 1990-11-29 | 1992-07-17 | Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co Ltd | 光学活性を有する4―オキソクロマン―2―カルボン酸誘導体の製法 |
| JP2001097969A (ja) * | 1999-09-29 | 2001-04-10 | Chisso Corp | ジアミノ化合物およびこれを用いた樹脂組成物、液晶配向膜、液晶表示素子 |
| JP2006516271A (ja) * | 2003-01-09 | 2006-06-29 | オリオン コーポレーション | ナトリウム/カルシウム交換系の阻害に有用なピリジン誘導体 |
| JP2009193054A (ja) * | 2008-01-16 | 2009-08-27 | Jsr Corp | 液晶配向剤および液晶表示素子 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2023007402A (ja) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-01-18 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、液晶素子、重合体及びジアミン |
| JP7764799B2 (ja) | 2021-06-30 | 2025-11-06 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、液晶素子及び重合体 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108137807B (zh) | 2020-09-29 |
| JPWO2017030169A1 (ja) | 2018-08-09 |
| TW201723026A (zh) | 2017-07-01 |
| TWI699384B (zh) | 2020-07-21 |
| KR20180042293A (ko) | 2018-04-25 |
| CN108137807A (zh) | 2018-06-08 |
| JP6856021B2 (ja) | 2021-04-07 |
| KR102573450B1 (ko) | 2023-08-31 |
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