WO2017002858A1 - 前駆体組成物、感光性樹脂組成物、前駆体組成物の製造方法、硬化膜、硬化膜の製造方法および半導体デバイス - Google Patents
前駆体組成物、感光性樹脂組成物、前駆体組成物の製造方法、硬化膜、硬化膜の製造方法および半導体デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017002858A1 WO2017002858A1 PCT/JP2016/069274 JP2016069274W WO2017002858A1 WO 2017002858 A1 WO2017002858 A1 WO 2017002858A1 JP 2016069274 W JP2016069274 W JP 2016069274W WO 2017002858 A1 WO2017002858 A1 WO 2017002858A1
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- 0 CC(C)(CC1CC1)NC*NC(*)=O Chemical compound CC(C)(CC1CC1)NC*NC(*)=O 0.000 description 9
- APTIRHMJBJAIJD-CFIUJQQCSA-N CCCCC(CC)C[n]1c(c(cccc2)c2c(C(c2c(C)cc(C)cc2C)=O)c2)c2c2c1ccc(/C(/c1ccccc1OCC(C(F)F)(F)F)=N\OC(C)=O)c2 Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C[n]1c(c(cccc2)c2c(C(c2c(C)cc(C)cc2C)=O)c2)c2c2c1ccc(/C(/c1ccccc1OCC(C(F)F)(F)F)=N\OC(C)=O)c2 APTIRHMJBJAIJD-CFIUJQQCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBVWKEFXQZPKGZ-AZPGRJICSA-N CCCCCC/C(/C(c(cc1)ccc1SC1C=CC=CC1)=O)=N\OC(c1ccccc1)=O Chemical compound CCCCCC/C(/C(c(cc1)ccc1SC1C=CC=CC1)=O)=N\OC(c1ccccc1)=O OBVWKEFXQZPKGZ-AZPGRJICSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C08F110/02—Ethene
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
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- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a precursor composition, a photosensitive resin composition, a method for producing a precursor composition, a cured film, a method for producing a cured film, and a semiconductor device.
- the present invention relates to a precursor composition including a heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor selected from a polyimide precursor and a polybenzoxazole precursor.
- Thermosetting resins that are cured by cyclization are excellent in heat resistance and insulation, and are therefore used in insulating layers of semiconductor devices.
- polyimides have low solubility in solvents, they are used in the state of a precursor (heterocycle-containing polymer precursor) before the cyclization reaction, applied to a substrate, etc., and then heated to form a heterocycle-containing polymer. It has been practiced to form a cured film by cyclizing the precursor.
- Patent Document 1 discloses (a) 100 parts by mass of a polyamic acid ester having a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1), ( b) a composition comprising 1 to 20 parts by weight of a photopolymerization initiator and (c) 30 to 600 parts by weight of an organic solvent, wherein (c) N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone and / or 1 , 3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone is disclosed as a photosensitive resin composition characterized in that the content of (c) the organic solvent is 50% by mass or more.
- X represents at least one tetravalent organic group having 6 to 32 carbon atoms
- Y represents a divalent aromatic group, aliphatic group, and silicon number having 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Patent Document 2 discloses (a1) an aromatic amide resin having an amide group, a trifluoromethyl group, and an aromatic ring, soluble in propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, (b) a photosensitizer, and (c) a solvent.
- a photosensitive resin composition containing a solid content of 20% by weight and a viscosity at 25 ° C. of 1 to 15 cp is disclosed.
- 1 cp is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa ⁇ s.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a photosensitive resin composition having a wide exposure latitude.
- the present invention relates to a precursor composition for providing a photosensitive resin composition having a wide exposure latitude. Furthermore, it is related also with the manufacturing method of a precursor composition, a cured film, the manufacturing method of a cured film, and a semiconductor device.
- ⁇ 1> containing at least one kind of heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor,
- the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor is selected from a polyimide precursor and a polybenzoxazole precursor,
- the precursor composition whose dispersion degree which is the weight average molecular weight / number average molecular weight of the said heterocyclic containing polymer precursor is 2.5 or more.
- ⁇ 2> The precursor composition according to ⁇ 1>, wherein the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor has a polymerizable unsaturated group.
- ⁇ 3> The precursor composition according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein the degree of dispersion is 2.8 or more.
- R 113 and R 114 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- R 112 is a single bond or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, —O—, —C ( ⁇ O) —, —S—, —SO 2 - and -NHCO- and is a group selected from combinations thereof, precursor composition according to ⁇ 5> or ⁇ 6>.
- a photosensitive resin composition comprising the precursor composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 7> and a radical photopolymerization initiator.
- a photosensitive resin composition comprising the precursor composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 7> and a photoacid generator.
- the curable compound includes a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond.
- the curable compound is a compound containing two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups.
- the photosensitive resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 8> to ⁇ 12> which is used for forming an interlayer insulating film for a rewiring layer.
- a method for producing a precursor composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 7> Using two or more heterocyclic-containing polymer precursors, which are heterocyclic-containing polymer precursors having different weight average molecular weights, The method for producing a precursor composition, wherein the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor is selected from a polyimide precursor and a polybenzoxazole precursor.
- ⁇ 15> A cured film obtained by curing the precursor composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 7> or the photosensitive resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 8> to ⁇ 13>.
- the cured film according to ⁇ 15> which is an interlayer insulating film for a rewiring layer.
- ⁇ 17> A cured film comprising the precursor composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 7> or the photosensitive resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 8> to ⁇ 13>.
- ⁇ 18> The method according to ⁇ 17>, including a step of applying the precursor composition or the photosensitive resin composition to the substrate and a step of curing the precursor composition or the photosensitive resin composition applied to the substrate.
- ⁇ 19> A semiconductor device having the cured film according to ⁇ 15> or ⁇ 16>, or the cured film manufactured by the manufacturing method according to ⁇ 17> or ⁇ 18>.
- a photosensitive resin composition having a wide exposure latitude a precursor composition for providing such a photosensitive resin composition, a method for producing the precursor composition, a cured film, a method for producing the cured film, and a semiconductor device Became available.
- the description of the components in the present invention described below may be made based on typical embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to such embodiments.
- the description which does not describe substitution and unsubstituted includes the thing which has a substituent with the thing which does not have a substituent.
- the “alkyl group” includes not only an alkyl group having no substituent (unsubstituted alkyl group) but also an alkyl group having a substituent (substituted alkyl group).
- active light means, for example, an emission line spectrum of a mercury lamp, far ultraviolet rays represented by excimer laser, extreme ultraviolet rays (EUV light), X-rays, electron beams, and the like.
- light means actinic rays or radiation.
- exposure means not only exposure using far ultraviolet rays, X-rays, EUV light typified by mercury lamps and excimer lasers, but also particle beams such as electron beams and ion beams, unless otherwise specified. Include drawing in the exposure.
- a numerical range expressed using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
- (meth) acrylate represents both and / or “acrylate” and “methacrylate”
- (meth) allyl means both “allyl” and “methallyl”
- (Meth) acryl” represents either “acryl” and “methacryl” or any one
- “(meth) acryloyl” represents both “acryloyl” and “methacryloyl”, or Represents either.
- the term “process” not only means an independent process, but also if the intended action of the process is achieved even when it cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes, include.
- solid content concentration is the mass percentage of the mass of the other component except a solvent with respect to the gross mass of a composition.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the number average molecular weight (Mn) are defined as polystyrene-converted values in gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurement unless otherwise specified.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the number average molecular weight (Mn) are, for example, HLC-8220 (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation), and guard columns HZ-L, TSKgel Super HZM-M, TSKgel.
- the precursor composition of the present invention contains at least one heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor, and the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor is selected from a polyimide precursor and a polybenzoxazole precursor, and a heterocyclic-containing polymer
- the dispersity which is the weight average molecular weight / number average molecular weight of the precursor is 2.5 or more.
- the photosensitive resin composition is subjected to negative or positive development, but when the dispersity of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer is narrow and the weight average molecular weight is small, the photosensitive resin composition is easily soluble in the solvent contained in the developer and the resulting cured product is obtained. The film loss of the film increases.
- the degree of dispersion of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer is narrow and the weight average molecular weight is large, it is difficult to dissolve in a solvent and causes poor development.
- the degree of dispersion of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor produced by a usual method is 2.0 or more and less than 2.5.
- the degree of dispersion of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor is to be higher than the above range, it is necessary to rapidly react such as mixing the raw materials at once or reacting the raw materials at a high temperature.
- the degree of dispersion is preferably 1.0 in order to simply improve the resolution of the cured film.
- the present invention has a high technical significance in that it has been found that the range of exposure latitude can be expanded by increasing the dispersion degree to 2.5 or more.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the precursor composition can be appropriately determined according to the use, but for example, is preferably 18000-35000, more preferably 20000-30000, and further preferably 23000-28000. is there.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) is preferably 7200 to 14000, more preferably 8000 to 12000, and still more preferably 9200 to 11200.
- the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor preferably has a polymerizable unsaturated group.
- a polymerizable unsaturated group particularly a photoradical polymerizable group
- it is more effective when used as a negative photosensitive resin composition.
- other polymerizable compounds particularly, photoradical polymerizable compounds.
- Examples of the polymerizable unsaturated group include an epoxy group, an oxetanyl group, a group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, a blocked isocyanate group, an alkoxymethyl group, a methylol group, and an amino group. Of these, a group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond is preferred because of its good sensitivity. Examples of the group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond include a vinyl group, a (meth) allyl group, a group represented by the following formula (III), and the like.
- R 200 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and a methyl group is more preferable.
- R 201 represents an alkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, —CH 2 CH (OH) CH 2 —, or a polyoxyalkylene group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
- R 201 examples include ethylene, propylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, 1,2-butanediyl, 1,3-butanediyl, pentamethylene, hexamethylene, octamethylene, dodecamethylene, —CH 2 CH (OH) CH 2 -, And ethylene, propylene, trimethylene and -CH 2 CH (OH) CH 2 -are preferred.
- R 200 is methyl and R 201 is ethylene.
- the dispersion degree of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor is 2.5 or more, preferably 2.7 or more, and more preferably 2.8 or more.
- the upper limit of the degree of dispersion of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor is not particularly defined, but is preferably 4.5 or less, more preferably 4.0 or less, further preferably 3.8 or less, and 3.2 or less. More preferably, 3.1 or less is even more preferable, 3.0 or less is even more preferable, and 2.95 or less is particularly preferable.
- the value of the dispersion degree of a heterocyclic containing polymer precursor is 2 or more types of heterocyclic containing contained in a precursor composition. It is a value in a mixture of polymer precursors.
- the degree of dispersion is a value calculated from the values of the weight average molecular weight (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “Mw”) and the number average molecular weight (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “Mn”) measured according to the method described in the Examples described later.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- Mn number average molecular weight
- two or more (preferably two or three, preferably) heterocycle-containing polymer precursors having different weight average molecular weights and at least one of the constituting repeating units are different from each other. Seeds).
- the precursor composition of the present invention includes at least one heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor selected from a polyimide precursor and a polybenzoxazole precursor.
- the precursor composition of the present invention may contain only two or more types of polyimide precursors or polybenzoxazole precursors, and one or more types of polyimide precursors. And one or more polybenzoxazole precursors.
- the aspect containing 1 type (s) or 2 or more types only of a polyimide precursor or a polybenzoxazole precursor is preferable.
- the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor in the present invention is preferably a polyimide precursor.
- a preferable range of the polyimide precursor or the polybenzoxazole precursor will be described.
- the polyimide precursor used in the present invention does not particularly define the structure or the like as long as it can be converted to a polyimide, and includes a polyamideimide precursor. It is preferable that the polyimide precursor used by this invention contains the repeating unit represented by following General formula (2).
- a 1 and A 2 each independently represent an oxygen atom or NH
- R 111 represents a divalent organic group
- R 115 represents a tetravalent organic group
- R 113 And R 114 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- a 1 and A 2 each independently represent an oxygen atom or NH, preferably an oxygen atom.
- R 111 represents a divalent organic group.
- the divalent organic group include a linear or branched aliphatic group, a cyclic aliphatic group, and a group containing an aryl group, a linear or branched aliphatic group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and a carbon number of 6
- a group consisting of a cyclic aliphatic group having 20 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms or a combination thereof is preferable, and a group consisting of an aryl group having 2 to 60 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- the following are mentioned as an example of an aryl group.
- R 111 is more specifically a diamine residue remaining after removal of the amino group of the diamine.
- the diamine include linear or branched aliphatic, cyclic aliphatic or aromatic diamine. Specific examples include diamine residues remaining after removal of the amino groups of the following diamines.
- 1,2-diaminoethane 1,2-diaminopropane, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane and 1,6-diaminohexane; 1,2- or 1,3-diaminocyclopentane, 1, 2-, 1,3- or 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) methane, bis (3-amino Cyclohexyl) methane, 4,4′-diamino-3,3′-dimethylcyclohexylmethane and isophoronediamine; m- and p-phenylenediamine, diaminotoluene, 4,4′- and 3,3′-diaminobiphenyl, 4, 4'- and 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4
- R 111 also include diamine residues remaining after removal of the amino groups of diamines (DA-1) to (DA-18) shown below.
- R 111 also include a diamine residue remaining after removal of an amino group of a diamine having at least two alkylene glycol units in the main chain.
- a diamine residue containing two or more ethylene glycol chains or propylene glycol chains in one molecule Preferred is a diamine residue containing no aromatic ring.
- Examples include Jeffamine (registered trademark) KH-511, ED-600, ED-900, ED-2003, EDR-148, EDR-176, D-200, D-400, D-2000, D-4000 ( Trade names, manufactured by HUNTSMAN Co., Ltd.), 1- (2- (2- (2-aminopropoxy) ethoxy) propoxy) propan-2-amine, 1- (1- (1- (2-aminopropoxy) propane Examples include, but are not limited to, -2-yl) oxy) propan-2-amine and the like.
- the structures of Jeffamine (registered trademark) KH-511, ED-600, ED-900, ED-2003, EDR-148, and EDR-176 are shown below.
- x, y, and z are average values.
- R 115 represents a tetravalent organic group.
- the tetravalent organic group include groups having a cyclic structure.
- the cyclic structure include an aliphatic ring and an aromatic ring, and an aromatic ring is preferable.
- the aliphatic ring may be a monocyclic aliphatic ring or a condensed ring.
- the aliphatic ring may have a crosslinked structure. Examples of the aliphatic ring having a crosslinked structure include the following aliphatic rings.
- the tetravalent organic group represented by R 115 is preferably a tetravalent organic group containing an aromatic ring, and more preferably a group represented by the following general formula (5) or general formula (6).
- General formula (5) In General Formula (5), R 119 represents a single bond or a divalent group.
- the divalent group includes a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, —O—, —CO—, —S—, —SO 2 — and —NHCO— and combinations thereof. A selected group is preferred.
- R 119 is a single bond or a divalent group selected from an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, —O—, —CO—, —S— and —SO 2 —. And more preferably a single bond, or —CH 2 —, —C (CF 3 ) 2 —, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, —O—, —CO—, —S— and —SO. 2 - divalent radical selected from the group consisting of is more preferable.
- R 115 include a tetracarboxylic acid residue remaining after removal of the anhydride group from tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- Specific examples include tetracarboxylic acid residues remaining after the removal of anhydride groups from the following tetracarboxylic dianhydrides.
- R 115 also include tetracarboxylic acid residues remaining after removal of anhydride groups from tetracarboxylic dianhydrides (DAA-1) to (DAA-5) shown below.
- R 111 and R 115 has an OH group. More specifically, as R 111 , 2,2-bis (3-hydroxy-4-aminophenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (3-hydroxy-4-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane, 2,2- Bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane, bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, bis (4-amino) -3-Hydroxyphenyl) sulfone and the above (DA-1) to (DA-18) are preferred examples, and as R 115 , the above (DAA-1) to (DAA-5) are preferred examples. It is done.
- R 113 and R 114 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- a substituent that improves the solubility in a developer is preferably used.
- R 113 and R 114 are preferably a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group include an aryl group and an aralkyl group having one, two or three, preferably one acidic group, bonded to the carbon atom of the aryl group.
- Specific examples include an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms having an acidic group and an aralkyl group having 7 to 25 carbon atoms having an acidic group. More specifically, a phenyl group having an acidic group and a benzyl group having an acidic group can be mentioned.
- the acidic group is preferably an OH group.
- R 113 and R 114 are preferably a hydrogen atom, 2-hydroxybenzyl, 3-hydroxybenzyl and 4-hydroxybenzyl from the viewpoint of solubility in an aqueous developer.
- R 113 and R 114 are preferably monovalent organic groups.
- the monovalent organic group preferably includes a linear or branched alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, and an aryl group, and more preferably an alkyl group substituted with an aryl group.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- linear or branched alkyl group examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, a dodecyl group, a tetradecyl group, and an octadecyl group.
- the cyclic alkyl group may be a monocyclic cyclic alkyl group or a polycyclic cyclic alkyl group.
- Examples of the monocyclic alkyl group include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, and a cyclooctyl group.
- Examples of the polycyclic alkyl group include an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group, a bornyl group, a camphenyl group, a decahydronaphthyl group, a tricyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a camphoroyl group, a dicyclohexyl group, and a pinenyl group.
- a cyclohexyl group is most preferable from the viewpoint of achieving high sensitivity.
- the linear alkyl group substituted by the aryl group mentioned later is preferable.
- aryl group examples include a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, naphthalene ring, pentalene ring, indene ring, azulene ring, heptalene ring, indecene ring, perylene ring, pentacene ring, acenaphthene ring, phenanthrene ring, anthracene ring.
- R113 and R114 has a polymerizable unsaturated group. According to this, a negative photosensitive resin with better sensitivity and resolution can be obtained.
- a polymerizable unsaturated group it is synonymous with the description described in the polymerizable unsaturated group which the above-mentioned heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor may have, and its preferable range is also the same.
- the ratio of R 113 and R 114 being a polymerizable unsaturated group is preferably a molar ratio of polymerizable group: no polymerizable group, preferably 100: 0 to 5:95, more preferably 100: 0 to 20:80, and still more preferably 100: 0 to 50:50.
- a counter salt may be formed with a tertiary amine compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond.
- tertiary amine compounds having an ethylenically unsaturated bond include N, N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate.
- the polyimide precursor preferably has a fluorine atom in the structural unit from the viewpoint of improving resolution.
- the fluorine atom imparts water repellency to the surface of the film during alkali development, and soaking in from the surface can be suppressed.
- the fluorine atom content in the polyimide precursor is preferably 10% by mass or more, and preferably 20% by mass or less from the viewpoint of solubility in an alkaline aqueous solution.
- an aliphatic group having a siloxane structure may be copolymerized for the purpose of improving the adhesion to the substrate.
- the diamine component include bis (3-aminopropyl) tetramethyldisiloxane and bis (p-aminophenyl) octamethylpentasiloxane.
- the polyimide precursor is a terminal blocking agent such as monoamine, acid anhydride, monocarboxylic acid, monoacid chloride compound, monoactive ester compound at the main chain terminal. It is preferable to seal. Of these, it is more preferable to use a monoamine.
- Monoamines include aniline, 2-ethynylaniline, 3-ethynylaniline, 4-ethynylaniline, 5-amino-8-hydroxyquinoline, 1-hydroxy-7-aminonaphthalene, 1-hydroxy-6-aminonaphthalene, 1- Hydroxy-5-aminonaphthalene, 1-hydroxy-4-aminonaphthalene, 2-hydroxy-7-aminonaphthalene, 2-hydroxy-6-aminonaphthalene, 2-hydroxy-5-aminonaphthalene, 1-carboxy-7-amino Naphthalene, 1-carboxy-6-aminonaphthalene, 1-carboxy-5-aminonaphthalene, 2-carboxy-7-aminonaphthalene, 2-carboxy-6-aminonaphthalene, 2-carboxy-5-aminonaphthalene, 2-amino Benzoic acid, 3-aminobenzoic acid, -Aminobenzoic acid, 4-aminosalicylic acid, 5-
- the repeating unit represented by the general formula (2) is preferably a repeating unit represented by the general formula (1-1). That is, at least one of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursors used in the present invention is preferably a precursor having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (1-1). By adopting such a structure, it becomes possible to further widen the width of the exposure latitude.
- a 1 and A 2 each independently represent an oxygen atom or NH
- R 111 represents a divalent organic group
- R 112 represents a single bond or a divalent group
- R 113 and R 114 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- a 1, A 2, R 111 , R 113 and R 114 are each independently the same meaning as A 1, A 2, R 111 , R 113 and R 114 in formula (2), the preferred range is also the same is there.
- R 112 has the same meaning as R 112 in General Formula (5), and the preferred range is also the same.
- the polyimide precursor may be one type of repeating structural unit represented by the general formula (2), but may be two or more types. Moreover, the structural isomer of the repeating unit represented by General formula (2) may be included. It goes without saying that the polyimide precursor may contain other types of repeating structural units in addition to the repeating unit of the general formula (2).
- polyimide precursor in the present invention a polyimide precursor in which 50 mol% or more, further 70 mol% or more, particularly 90 mol% or more of all repeating units are repeating units represented by the general formula (2).
- the body is illustrated.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polyimide precursor is, for example, preferably 18000 to 30000, more preferably 20000 to 27000, and further preferably 22000 to 25000 when used in the photosensitive resin composition described below.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) is preferably 7200 to 14000, more preferably 8000 to 12000, and still more preferably 9200 to 11200.
- the polybenzoxazole precursor used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that can be converted into polybenzoxazole, but is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (3).
- R 121 represents a divalent organic group
- R 122 represents a tetravalent organic group
- R 123 and R 124 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. Represents.
- R 121 represents a divalent organic group.
- the divalent organic group include an aliphatic group and an aryl group. The following are mentioned as an example of a bivalent aryl group.
- A represents —CH 2 —, —O—, —S—, —SO 2 —, —CO—, —NHCO—, —C (CF 3 ) 2 —, and —C (CH 3 ) 2 —.
- a linear aliphatic group is preferable from the viewpoint of promoting cyclization at a low temperature.
- the linear aliphatic group has preferably 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 25 carbon atoms, still more preferably 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 8 to 15 carbon atoms.
- dicarboxylic acids containing a linear aliphatic group examples include malonic acid, dimethylmalonic acid, ethylmalonic acid, isopropylmalonic acid, di-n-butylmalonic acid, succinic acid, tetrafluorosuccinic acid, methylsuccinic acid, 2 , 2-dimethylsuccinic acid, 2,3-dimethylsuccinic acid, glutaric acid, hexafluoroglutaric acid, 2-methylglutaric acid, 3-methylglutaric acid, 2,2-dimethylglutaric acid, 3,3-dimethyl Glutaric acid, 3-ethyl-3-methylglutaric acid, adipic acid, octafluoroadipic acid, 3-methyladipic acid, pimelic acid, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpimelic acid, suberic acid, dodecafluorosuberin Acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, hexadecafluorosebacic acid
- Z is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 to 6)
- R 122 represents a tetravalent organic group.
- the tetravalent organic group is preferably a residue of a bisaminophenol derivative represented by the following general formula (A).
- Ar (NH 2 ) 2 (OH) 2 (A)
- Ar is an aryl group.
- Examples of the bisaminophenol derivative represented by the general formula (A) include 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl, 4,4′-diamino-3,3′-dihydroxybiphenyl, and 3,3 ′.
- bisaminophenol derivatives represented by the general formula (A) bisaminophenol derivatives having the following aryl groups are preferable.
- X 1 represents —O—, —S—, —C (CF 3 ) 2 —, —CH 2 —, —SO 2 —, —NHCO—.
- —OH and —NH 2 contained in the structure of the general formula (A) are bonded to each other at the ortho position (adjacent position).
- the bisaminophenol derivative represented by the general formula (A) is represented by the following general formula (As) because a polybenzoxazole precursor that is highly transparent to i-line and can be cured at a low temperature can be obtained. Bisphenol is preferred.
- R 1 is alkylene, substituted alkylene, —O—, —S—, —SO 2 —, —CO—, —NHCO—, a single bond, or an organic group selected from the group of the following formula (A-sc) It is.
- R 2 is an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, or a cyclic alkyl group, and may be the same or different.
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, or a cyclic alkyl group, and may be the same or different.
- R 2 is an alkyl group and R 3 is an alkyl group, which indicates high transparency to i-line and high cyclization rate when cured at low temperature.
- R 3 is an alkyl group, which indicates high transparency to i-line and high cyclization rate when cured at low temperature.
- R 1 is preferably alkylene or substituted alkylene.
- alkylene and substituted alkylene according to R 1 include —CH 2 —, —CH (CH 3 ) —, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, —CH (CH 2 CH 3 ) —, —C (CH 3 ) (CH 2 CH 3 )-, -C (CH 2 CH 3 ) (CH 2 CH 3 )-, -CH (CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 )-, -C (CH 3 ) (CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ) —, —CH (CH (CH 3 ) 2 ) —, —C (CH 3 ) (CH (CH 3 ) 2 ) —, —CH (CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ) —, —C (CH 3 ) (CH (CH 3 ) 2 ) —, —CH (CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ) —, —C (CH 3 ) (CH (CH 3 ) (CH (
- R 123 and R 124 each represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, and from the viewpoint of obtaining a negative photosensitive resin with better sensitivity and resolution, at least one of R 123 and R 124 is: It preferably represents a polymerizable unsaturated group.
- the polymerizable unsaturated group is the same as described aspects R 113 and R 114 of the aforementioned general formula (2), and preferred ranges are also the same.
- the polybenzoxazole precursor may contain other types of repeating structural units in addition to the repeating unit of the general formula (3). It is preferable that the diamine residue represented with the following general formula (SL) is included as another type of repeating structural unit at the point which can suppress generation
- SL general formula
- Z has an a structure and a b structure
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 2 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 1 At least one of 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 is an aryl group, and the remainder is a hydrogen atom or an organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different.
- the polymerization of the a structure and the b structure may be block polymerization or random polymerization.
- the mol% of the Z moiety is 5 to 95 mol% for the a structure, 95 to 5 mol% for the b structure, and a + b is 100 mol%.
- preferable examples of Z include those in which R 5 and R 6 in the b structure are phenyl groups.
- the molecular weight of the structure represented by the formula (SL) is preferably 400 to 4,000, and more preferably 500 to 3,000.
- the molecular weight can be determined by commonly used gel permeation chromatography. By setting the molecular weight within the above range, it is possible to reduce both the elastic modulus after dehydration and ring closure of the polybenzoxazole precursor and suppress the warp and the effect of improving the solubility.
- the diamine residue represented by the general formula (SL) is included as another type of repeating structural unit
- the remaining tetra after the anhydride group is removed from the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is further improved in terms of alkali solubility.
- the terminal amino group of the polybenzoxazole precursor is an aliphatic group or a cyclic group having at least one alkenyl group or alkynyl group. It is preferable to cap the amide using an acid anhydride containing.
- the end-capping group As such a group derived from an acid anhydride containing an aliphatic group or cyclic group having at least one alkenyl group or alkynyl group after reacting with an amino group, that is, the end-capping group is, for example,
- the following groups can be exemplified. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the groups shown below are preferable because they can improve storage stability.
- the polybenzoxazole precursor includes, for example, a bisaminophenol derivative represented by the general formula (A), a dicarboxylic acid containing R 121 and a compound selected from dicarboxylic acid dichloride and dicarboxylic acid derivative of the above dicarboxylic acid. It can be obtained by reaction.
- dicarboxylic acid an active ester type dicarboxylic acid derivative obtained by reacting 1-hydroxy-1,2,3-benzotriazole or the like in advance may be used in order to increase the reaction yield or the like.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polybenzoxazole precursor is, for example, preferably 18000 to 30000, more preferably 20000 to 29000, and still more preferably 22000 to 28000 when used in the photosensitive resin composition described below. It is.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) is preferably 7200 to 14000, more preferably 8000 to 12000, and still more preferably 9200 to 11200.
- the method for producing the precursor composition of the present invention is not particularly defined, but the following embodiments are exemplified.
- Two or more kinds of heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursors having different weight average molecular weights and having the same repeating units that is, raw material monomers constituting the repeating units). Can be used.
- fills a desired dispersion degree is obtained by blending 2 or more types of the heterocyclic containing polymer precursor from which a weight average molecular weight differs.
- a composition particularly excellent in exposure latitude can be obtained.
- a heterocyclic containing polymer precursor having an Mw of 10,000 to 20,000 and a heterocyclic containing polymer precursor having an Mw of 28,000 to 42,000 are 0.8 to 1.2: 1.2 to The form of blending at 0.8 is exemplified.
- the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor having the same repeating unit is the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor contained in the precursor composition of the present invention. It means that the raw material monomers constituting the repeating units are common, and in the case of the copolymer, it goes without saying that the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursors having different copolymerization ratios of the raw material monomers are included.
- a heterocyclic containing polymer precursor having an Mw of 10,000 to 20,000 and a heterocyclic containing polymer precursor having an Mw of 28,000 to 42,000 are 0.8 to 1.2: 1.2 to The form of blending at 0.8 is exemplified.
- the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor of the present invention is usually synthesized by a polycondensation reaction of a diamine compound and a dicarboxylic acid or a diamine compound and a dicarboxylic acid halide, but makes the reaction of both raw materials non-uniform.
- Precursors with a desired degree of dispersion can be synthesized under reaction conditions such as, for example, increasing the reaction temperature or increasing the mixing time.
- the use of the precursor composition of the present invention is not particularly defined, and can be widely used for various uses using polyimide or polybenzoxazole. In the present invention, it is particularly preferably used by blending with a positive or negative photosensitive resin composition, and more preferably by blending with a negative photosensitive resin composition.
- a cured film formed by curing the precursor composition of the present invention is a transparent plastic substrate for a display device such as a liquid crystal display and electronic paper, an automobile part, a heat resistant paint, It can also be suitably used for coating agents and film applications.
- Photosensitive resin composition Next, the photosensitive resin composition of this invention is demonstrated.
- 1st embodiment of the photosensitive resin composition of this invention contains the precursor composition of this invention, and radical photopolymerization initiator.
- Such a photosensitive resin composition is preferably used as a negative photosensitive resin composition.
- the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor contained in the precursor composition of the present invention has a polymerizable unsaturated group or contains a curable compound.
- the photosensitive resin composition is a negative photosensitive resin composition
- the curable compound preferably includes a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond.
- the second embodiment of the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention includes the precursor composition of the present invention and a photoacid generator.
- Such a photosensitive resin composition is preferably used as a positive photosensitive resin composition.
- a positive photosensitive resin composition it is preferable to include a curable composition.
- the curable compound is selected from a compound having a hydroxymethyl group, an alkoxymethyl group or an acyloxymethyl group, an epoxy compound, an oxetane compound and a benzoxazine compound. At least one compound is preferred.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition may contain a sensitizer, a polymerization inhibitor and the like. Moreover, it cannot be overemphasized that components other than these may also be included.
- the positive photosensitive resin composition may contain a resin containing a phenolic OH group. Moreover, it cannot be overemphasized that components other than these may also be included. Details of these components will be described later.
- the precursor composition of the present invention preferably contains a polybenzoxazole precursor.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention may contain a ring-closed structure polyimide, polybenzoxazole, and the like.
- the content of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor in the precursor composition is preferably 20 to 100% by mass, and preferably 50 to 99% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the photosensitive resin composition. % Is more preferable, 70 to 98% by mass is further preferable, and 80 to 95% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the degree of dispersion of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor contained in the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is synonymous with the degree of dispersion of the precursor composition of the present invention, and the preferred range is also the same.
- the component which the photosensitive resin composition of this invention can contain is demonstrated. It goes without saying that the present invention may contain components other than these, and these components are not essential.
- ⁇ Resin containing phenolic OH groups When the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is an alkali-developable positive type, the inclusion of a resin containing a phenolic OH group adjusts the solubility in an alkali developer and provides good sensitivity. Is preferable.
- Preferred examples of the resin containing a phenolic OH group include novolak resins and polyhydroxystyrene resins.
- the novolak resin can be obtained by polycondensing phenols and aldehydes by a known method. Two or more novolac resins may be combined. Preferred examples of the phenols include phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, 2,3-xylenol, 2,5-xylenol, 3,4-xylenol, 3,5-xylenol, 2,3 , 5-trimethylphenol, 3,4,5-trimethylphenol and the like.
- the novolak resin preferably includes an m-cresol residue or a cresol novolak resin containing an m-cresol residue and a p-cresol residue.
- the molar ratio of m-cresol residue to p-cresol residue (m-cresol residue / p-cresol residue, m / p) in the cresol novolak resin is preferably 1.8 or more. If it is this range, the moderate solubility to an alkali developing solution will be shown, and favorable sensitivity will be obtained. More preferably, it is 4 or more.
- Preferred examples of the aldehydes include formalin, paraformaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, hydroxybenzaldehyde, chloroacetaldehyde and the like. Two or more of these aldehydes may be used.
- R 1 represents an organic group selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and an alkoxy group
- p is an integer of 1 to 3, preferably 2 to 3.
- R 2 represents an organic group selected from hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, and a hydroxyl group, and q is an integer of 0 to 3 inclusive.
- phenol compound represented by the general formula (Phe) a phenol compound having 1 to 3 and preferably 2 to 3 substituents is used, and the substituent has 1 or more carbon atoms. It is a group selected from 20 or less alkyl groups and alkoxy groups. Specific examples of the alkyl group and alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a methoxy group, and an ethoxy group.
- a phenol compound for example, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, 2,3-dimethylphenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 2,5-dimethylphenol, 3,4-dimethylphenol, 3,5-dimethylphenol, 2-methyl-3-ethyl-phenol, 2-methyl-3-methoxyphenol, 2,3,4-trimethylphenol, 2,3,5-trimethylphenol, 2,3,6- Trimethylphenol or the like can be used.
- 2,3-dimethylphenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 2,5-dimethylphenol, 3,4-dimethylphenol, 3,5-dimethylphenol, 2,6-dimethylphenol Those selected from among them are preferred.
- these phenols can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a phenol compound having 1 or more and 3 or less substituents, preferably 2 or more and 3 or less the above-mentioned phenol compound has sufficient heat resistance necessary for the photosensitive resin composition to suppress intramolecular rotation. Phenol resin can be obtained.
- an aromatic aldehyde compound which is unsubstituted or has 3 or less substituents is used, and the substituent has 1 to 20 carbon atoms. It is a group selected from the following alkyl groups, alkoxy groups and hydroxyl groups. Specific examples of the alkyl group and alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a methoxy group, and an ethoxy group.
- aromatic aldehyde compounds include benzaldehyde, 2-methylbenzaldehyde, 3-methylbenzaldehyde, 4-methylbenzaldehuman, 2,3-dimethylbenzaldehyde, 2,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde, 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde, 2,6-dimethylbenzaldehyde, 3,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde, 3,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde, 2,3,4-trimethylbenzaldehyde, 2,3,5-trimethylbenzaldehyde, 2,3,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde, 2, 4,5-trimethylbenzaldehyde, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde, 3,4,5-trimethylbenzaldehyde, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, 4-tert-butylbenzaldehyde, 4-i Butylbenzaldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, 4-
- an acidic catalyst is usually used.
- the acidic catalyst include hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and the like.
- the amount of these acidic catalysts used is usually 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 to 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 mol per 1 mol of phenols.
- water is usually used as a reaction medium. However, when a heterogeneous system is formed from the beginning of the reaction, a hydrophilic solvent or a lipophilic solvent is used as the reaction medium.
- hydrophilic solvent examples include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and propylene glycol monomethyl ether; and cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane.
- lipophilic solvent examples include ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and 2-heptanone. The amount of these reaction media used is usually 20 to 1,000 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the reaction raw material.
- the reaction temperature of the polycondensation can be appropriately adjusted according to the reactivity of the raw material, but is usually 10 to 200 ° C.
- phenols, aldehydes, acidic catalysts, etc. are charged all at once and reacted, or phenols, aldehydes, etc. are added as the reaction proceeds in the presence of acidic catalysts, etc. Can be adopted as appropriate.
- the reaction temperature is generally increased to 130 to 230 ° C., and volatile components are reduced under reduced pressure. Remove and recover novolac resin.
- the novolak resin has a polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight (hereinafter referred to as “Mw”) of preferably 1,000 or more, and more preferably 2,000 or more. Moreover, 5,000 or less is preferable. Within this range, good sensitivity can be obtained.
- Mw polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight
- the content of the novolak resin is preferably 1 part by mass or more and 70 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 10 parts by mass or more and 70 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor. Within this range, a pattern that is highly sensitive and does not flow after heat treatment at a high temperature can be obtained. Only one type of novolac resin may be used, or two or more types may be used. When using 2 or more types, it is preferable that a total amount becomes the said range.
- the hydroxystyrene resin is a polymer containing hydroxystyrene and / or a derivative thereof, and is not particularly limited, but may be a copolymer containing hydroxystyrene and / or a derivative thereof and a monomer other than these.
- the monomer used here include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 2-methylpropene, styrene and derivatives thereof.
- a copolymer composed of hydroxystyrene and / or a derivative thereof and styrene and / or a derivative thereof is preferable.
- the above derivatives are those in which an alkyl group, an alkoxyl group, a hydroxyl group, or the like is substituted at the ortho, meta, and para positions of the aromatic ring of hydroxystyrene and styrene.
- the hydroxystyrene of the hydroxystyrene resin may be any of orthohydroxystyrene, metahydroxystyrene, and parahydroxystyrene.
- a plurality of the above hydroxystyrenes may be mixed.
- the composition ratio of the hydroxystyrene and its derivative in the hydroxystyrene resin is preferably 50% or more, and more preferably 60% or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 90% or less, and more preferably 80% or less. By setting it as the said range, it has the effect excellent in coexistence of reduction of the post-exposure residue of an exposure part, and high sensitivity.
- hydroxystyrene resins having a repeating structural unit represented by the following general formula (PHS-1) are preferred.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- a represents 1 to 4
- b represents 1 to 3
- a + b is in the range of 1 to 5.
- R 2 represents an atom or one group selected from a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group or a propyl group.
- the structural unit represented by the general formula (PHS-1) is, for example, p-hydroxystyrene, m-hydroxystyrene, o-hydroxystyrene, p-isopropenylphenol, m-isopropenylphenol, o-isopropenylphenol.
- aromatic vinyl compounds having a phenolic hydroxyl group such as styrene, o-methyl styrene, m-methyl styrene, p-methyl styrene, etc., alone or in combination, in a known manner. It is obtained by subjecting a part of the polymer or copolymer thus obtained to an addition reaction of an alkoxy group by a known method.
- aromatic vinyl compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group p-hydroxystyrene and / or m-hydroxystyrene is preferably used, and styrene is preferably used as the aromatic vinyl compound.
- the general formula (PHS ⁇ ) is used from the viewpoint of convenience that sensitivity can be further improved and solubility in an alkali developer can be adjusted.
- a copolymer containing a structural unit represented by general formula (PHS-3) and general formula (PHS-4) is preferable.
- the structural unit of the general formula (PHS-4) is preferably 50 mol% or less.
- R 4 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- c represents 1 to 4
- d represents 1 to 3
- c + d is in the range of 2 to 5.
- R 3 represents an atom or one group selected from a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group or a propyl group.
- R 5 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and e represents 1 to 5.
- R 6 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the hydroxystyrene resin is preferably 1,000 or more, more preferably 2,000 or more, particularly preferably 2,500 or more, and preferably 10,000 or less, more preferably 8, 000 or less, and particularly preferably 7,000 or less. By setting it as the said range, it has the effect which is excellent in coexistence of high-sensitivity and the normal temperature storage stability of a varnish.
- the content of the hydroxystyrene resin is preferably 1 part by mass or more and 70 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 10 parts by mass or more and 70 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor.
- the photosensitive resin composition of this invention contains curable compounds other than the said heterocyclic containing polymer precursor.
- a curable compound By containing a curable compound, a cured film having better heat resistance can be formed. Furthermore, pattern formation can also be performed by photolithography. Only one type of curable compound may be used, or two or more types may be used.
- the curable compound is a compound having a curable group, and a known compound that can be crosslinked by a radical, an acid, a base, or the like can be used.
- the curable group is a group capable of undergoing a crosslinking reaction by the action of actinic rays, radiation, radicals, acids, or bases.
- Preferred examples include a group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, a hydroxymethyl group, Examples include an acyloxymethyl group, an alkoxymethyl group, an epoxy group, an oxetanyl group, and a benzoxazolyl group.
- the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond used in the present invention is more preferably a compound containing 2 or more ethylenically unsaturated groups, and further preferably a compound containing 2 to 6 ethylenically unsaturated groups. A compound containing 2 to 4 ethylenically unsaturated groups is particularly preferable.
- the curable compound may be in any chemical form such as, for example, a monomer, a prepolymer, an oligomer and a mixture thereof, and a multimer thereof.
- the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond is preferably a monomer.
- the monomer type curable compound (hereinafter also referred to as curable monomer) is a compound different from the polymer compound.
- the curable monomer is typically a low molecular compound, preferably a low molecular compound having a molecular weight of 2000 or less, more preferably a low molecular compound having a molecular weight of 1500 or less, and a low molecular compound having a molecular weight of 900 or less. More preferably.
- the molecular weight of the curable monomer is usually 100 or more.
- the oligomer type curable compound is typically a polymer having a relatively low molecular weight, and is preferably a polymer in which 10 to 100 curable monomers are bonded.
- the molecular weight is preferably 2000 to 20000, more preferably 2000 to 15000, and still more preferably 2000 to 10000 in terms of polystyrene in gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the number of functional groups of the curable compound in the present invention means the number of curable groups in one molecule.
- the curable compound preferably contains at least one bifunctional or more curable compound containing two or more curable groups, and preferably contains at least one trifunctional or more curable compound. More preferred.
- the curable compound in this invention contains at least 1 sort (s) of trifunctional or more than one curable compound from the point that a three-dimensional crosslinked structure can be formed and heat resistance can be improved.
- the mixture of the curable compound of 2 or less functionality and the curable compound of 3 or more functionality may be sufficient.
- ⁇ Compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond a styryl group, a vinyl group, a (meth) acryloyl group and a (meth) allyl group are preferable, and a (meth) acryloyl group is more preferable.
- the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond include unsaturated carboxylic acids (for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, maleic acid, etc.) and esters thereof, amides, and these Preferred are an ester of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol compound, an amide of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and a polyvalent amine compound, and a multimer thereof.
- unsaturated carboxylic acids for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, maleic acid, etc.
- esters thereof esters thereof, amides
- these Preferred are an ester of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol compound, an amide of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and a polyvalent amine compound, and a multimer thereof.
- an addition reaction product of an ester or amide of an unsaturated carboxylic acid having a nucleophilic substituent such as a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a mercapto group, and a monofunctional or polyfunctional isocyanate or epoxy is also preferably used.
- a substitution reaction product of an ester or amide of an unsaturated carboxylic acid having a leaving substituent such as a group or a tosyloxy group with a monofunctional or polyfunctional alcohol, amine or thiol is also suitable.
- esters of polyhydric alcohol compounds and unsaturated carboxylic acids include acrylic acid esters such as ethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3-butanediol diacrylate, and tetramethylene glycol diacrylate.
- Methacrylic acid esters include tetramethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, trimethylolethane trimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate, Hexanediol dimethacrylate, pentaerythritol dimethacrylate, pentaerythritol trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate, dipentaerythritol dimethacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexamethacrylate, sorbitol trimethacrylate, sorbitol tetramethacrylate, bis [p- (3-methacryloxy- 2-hydroxyp Epoxy) phenyl] dimethyl methane, bis - [p- (me
- Itaconic acid esters include ethylene glycol diitaconate, propylene glycol diitaconate, 1,3-butanediol diitaconate, 1,4-butanediol diitaconate, tetramethylene glycol diitaconate, pentaerythritol diitaconate And sorbitol tetritaconate.
- crotonic acid esters examples include ethylene glycol dicrotonate, tetramethylene glycol dicrotonate, pentaerythritol dicrotonate, and sorbitol tetradicrotonate.
- isocrotonic acid esters examples include ethylene glycol diisocrotonate, pentaerythritol diisocrotonate, and sorbitol tetraisocrotonate.
- maleic acid esters examples include ethylene glycol dimaleate, triethylene glycol dimaleate, pentaerythritol dimaleate, and sorbitol tetramaleate.
- esters examples include aliphatic alcohol esters described in JP-B-46-27926, JP-B-51-47334, JP-A-57-196231, and JP-A-59-5240.
- the compounds having an aromatic skeleton described in JP-A No. 59-5241, JP-A-2-226149, compounds containing an amino group described in JP-A 1-165613, and the like are also preferably used. It is done.
- amide monomers of polyvalent amine compounds and unsaturated carboxylic acids include methylene bis-acrylamide, methylene bis-methacrylamide, 1,6-hexamethylene bis-acrylamide, 1,6-hexamethylene bis-methacrylic.
- examples include amide, diethylenetriamine trisacrylamide, xylylene bisacrylamide, and xylylene bismethacrylamide.
- Examples of other preferable amide monomers include monomers having a cyclohexylene structure described in JP-B No. 54-21726.
- urethane-based addition-polymerizable monomers produced using an addition reaction of isocyanate and hydroxyl group are also suitable.
- Specific examples thereof include, for example, one molecule described in JP-B-48-41708.
- Examples thereof include a vinylurethane compound containing two or more polymerizable vinyl groups in one molecule obtained by adding a vinyl monomer containing a hydroxyl group to a polyisocyanate compound having two or more isocyanate groups.
- urethane acrylates as described in JP-A-51-37193, JP-B-2-32293, JP-B-2-16765, JP-B-58-49860, JP-B-56- Urethane compounds having an ethylene oxide skeleton described in JP 17654, JP-B 62-39417, and JP-B 62-39418 are also suitable.
- the compounds described in paragraph numbers 0095 to 0108 of JP-A-2009-288705 can also be suitably used in the present invention.
- the compound which has an ethylenically unsaturated bond the compound which has a boiling point of 100 degreeC or more under a normal pressure is also preferable.
- monofunctional acrylates and methacrylates such as polyethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, polypropylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, phenoxyethyl (meth) acrylate; polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolethanetri ( (Meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, hexanediol ( (Meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane
- the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate obtained by making the compound which has cyclic ether groups, such as glycidyl (meth) acrylate, and an ethylenically unsaturated group, react with polyfunctional carboxylic acid etc. can be mentioned.
- other preferable compounds having an ethylenically unsaturated bond those having a fluorene ring described in JP 2010-160418 A, JP 2010-129825 A, JP 4364216 A, etc.
- a compound having two or more groups having an unsaturated bond a cardo resin can also be used.
- JP-B-46-43946 JP-B-1-40337, JP-B-1-40336, and JP-A-2-25493.
- the vinyl phosphonic acid-type compound of these can also be mentioned.
- a structure containing a perfluoroalkyl group described in JP-A-61-22048 is preferably used.
- Journal of Japan Adhesion Association vol. 20, no. 7, pages 300 to 308 (1984), which are introduced as photocurable monomers and oligomers can also be used.
- n is an integer of 0 to 14, and m is an integer of 1 to 8.
- a plurality of R and T present in one molecule may be the same or different.
- Specific examples of the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond represented by the general formulas (MO-1) to (MO-5) are described in paragraph numbers 0248 to 0251 of JP-A-2007-267979. The compound can be suitably used in the present invention.
- JP-A-10-62986 compounds represented by general formulas (1) and (2) together with specific examples thereof, which are (meth) acrylated after addition of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide to a polyfunctional alcohol are also included. Can be used as a polymerizable compound.
- Examples of the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond include dipentaerythritol triacrylate (as a commercially available product, KAYARAD D-330; manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), dipentaerythritol tetraacrylate (as a commercially available product, KAYARAD D-320).
- the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond may be a polyfunctional monomer having an acid group such as a carboxy group, a sulfonic acid group, or a phosphoric acid group.
- the polyfunctional monomer having an acid group is preferably an ester of an aliphatic polyhydroxy compound and an unsaturated carboxylic acid, and a non-aromatic carboxylic acid anhydride is reacted with an unreacted hydroxyl group of the aliphatic polyhydroxy compound. More preferably, the ester is a polyfunctional monomer in which the aliphatic polyhydroxy compound is pentaerythritol and / or dipentaerythritol.
- Examples of commercially available products include M-510 and M-520, which are polybasic acid-modified acrylic oligomers manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.
- the polyfunctional monomer having an acid group one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be mixed and used. Moreover, you may use together the polyfunctional monomer which does not have an acid group, and the polyfunctional monomer which has an acid group as needed.
- a preferable acid value of the polyfunctional monomer having an acid group is 0.1 to 40 mgKOH / g, and particularly preferably 5 to 30 mgKOH / g. When the acid value of the polyfunctional monomer is in the above range, the production and handling properties are excellent, and further, the developability is excellent. Further, the curability is good.
- a compound having a caprolactone structure can also be used.
- the compound having a caprolactone structure and an ethylenically unsaturated bond is not particularly limited as long as it has a caprolactone structure in the molecule.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- m represents a number of 1 or 2
- “*” represents a bond.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and “*” represents a bond.
- the compounds having a caprolactone structure and an ethylenically unsaturated bond can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
- the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond is also preferably at least one selected from the group of compounds represented by the following general formula (i) or (ii).
- each E independently represents — ((CH 2 ) y CH 2 O) — or — ((CH 2 ) y CH (CH 3 ) O) —
- Each y independently represents an integer of 0 to 10
- each X independently represents a (meth) acryloyl group, a hydrogen atom, or a carboxy group.
- the total number of (meth) acryloyl groups is 3 or 4
- each m independently represents an integer of 0 to 10
- the total of each m is an integer of 0 to 40.
- any one of X is a carboxy group.
- the total number of (meth) acryloyl groups is 5 or 6, each n independently represents an integer of 0 to 10, and the total of each n is an integer of 0 to 60. However, when the total of each n is 0, any one of X is a carboxy group.
- m is preferably an integer of 0 to 6, and more preferably an integer of 0 to 4.
- the total of each m is preferably an integer of 2 to 40, more preferably an integer of 2 to 16, and particularly preferably an integer of 4 to 8.
- n is preferably an integer of 0 to 6, more preferably an integer of 0 to 4.
- the total of each n is preferably an integer of 3 to 60, more preferably an integer of 3 to 24, and particularly preferably an integer of 6 to 12.
- bonds with is preferable.
- a form in which all six Xs are acryloyl groups is preferable.
- the compound represented by general formula (i) or general formula (ii) binds a ring-opening skeleton by subjecting pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol to ring-opening addition reaction of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, which is a conventionally known process. And a step of reacting the terminal hydroxyl group of the ring-opening skeleton with, for example, (meth) acryloyl chloride to introduce a (meth) acryloyl group. Each step is a well-known step, and a person skilled in the art can easily synthesize a compound represented by the general formula (i) or (ii).
- pentaerythritol derivatives and dipentaerythritol derivatives are more preferable.
- Specific examples include compounds represented by the following formulas (a) to (f) (hereinafter also referred to as “exemplary compounds (a) to (f)”).
- exemplary compounds (a), (f) b), (e) and (f) are preferred.
- Examples of commercially available polymerizable compounds represented by general formula (i) or general formula (ii) include SR-494, a tetrafunctional acrylate having four ethyleneoxy chains manufactured by Sartomer, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd. DPCA-60, which is a hexafunctional acrylate having six pentyleneoxy chains, and TPA-330, which is a trifunctional acrylate having three isobutyleneoxy chains.
- Examples of the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond include those described in JP-B-48-41708, JP-A-51-37193, JP-B-2-32293, and JP-B-2-16765.
- Urethane acrylates and urethane compounds having an ethylene oxide skeleton described in JP-B-58-49860, JP-B-56-17654, JP-B-62-39417, and JP-B-62-39418 are also suitable. It is.
- polymerizable compounds having an amino structure or a sulfide structure in the molecule described in JP-A-63-277653, JP-A-63-260909, and JP-A-1-105238 are described as polymerizable compounds. Monomers can also be used.
- urethane oligomer UAS-10 UAB-140 (manufactured by Sanyo Kokusaku Pulp Co., Ltd.), NK ester M-40G, NK ester 4G, NK ester M-9300, NK ester A -9300, UA-7200 (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), DPHA-40H (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku), UA-306H, UA-306T, UA-306I, AH-600, T-600, AI-600 (Manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.), Bremer PME400 (manufactured by NOF Corporation) and the like.
- the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond preferably has a partial structure represented by the following formula from the viewpoint of heat resistance. However, * in the formula is a connecting hand.
- Specific examples of the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond having the above partial structure include, for example, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, isocyanuric acid ethylene oxide-modified di (meth) acrylate, and isocyanuric acid ethylene oxide-modified tri (meth).
- the content of the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond is 1 to 50% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the photosensitive resin composition from the viewpoint of good curability and heat resistance.
- the lower limit is more preferably 5% by mass or more.
- the upper limit is more preferably 30% by mass or less, and further preferably 25% by mass or less.
- the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be mixed and used.
- the mass ratio of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor to the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond is preferably 98/2 to 10/90, and 95/5 to 30. / 70 is more preferable, 90/10 to 50/50 is more preferable, and 90/10 to 70/30 is still more preferable. If the mass ratio of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor and the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond is in the above range, a cured film that is more excellent in curability and heat resistance can be formed.
- the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When using 2 or more types, it is preferable that a total amount becomes the said range.
- R 4 represents a t-valent organic group having 1 to 200 carbon atoms
- R 5 represents the following general formula (AM2) or the following general formula (AM3)). Represents a group to be selected.
- R 6 represents a hydroxyl group or an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the content of the compound represented by the general formula (AM1) is preferably 5 parts by mass or more and 40 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor. More preferably, it is 10 to 35 mass parts.
- the total curable compound contains 10% by mass to 90% by mass of the compound represented by the following general formula (AM4), and 10% by mass of the compound represented by the following general formula (AM5) in the total thermal crosslinking agent. It is also preferable to contain from 90% by weight to 90% by weight. These compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When using 2 or more types, it is preferable that a total amount becomes the said range.
- R 4 represents a divalent organic group having 1 to 200 carbon atoms
- R 5 represents a group represented by the following general formula (AM2) or the following general formula (AM3).
- R 4 represents a u-valent organic group having 1 to 200 carbon atoms
- R 5 represents a group represented by the following general formula (AM2) or the following general formula (AM3)). Is shown.
- R 6 represents an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the photosensitive resin composition is formed on an uneven substrate. Furthermore, it is excellent in pattern workability, and can have high heat resistance such that the 5% mass reduction temperature is 350 ° C. or higher, more preferably 380 ° C. or higher.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (AM4) include 46DMOC, 46DMOEP (trade name, manufactured by Asahi Organic Materials Co., Ltd.), DML-MBPC, DML-MBOC, DML-OCHP, DML-PCHP, DML-PC, DML-PTBP, DML-34X, DML-EP, DML-POP, dimethylolBisOC-P, DML-PFP, DML-PSBP, DML-MTrisPC (above, trade name, manufactured by Honshu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), NIKARAC MX-290 (trade name, manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd.), 2,6-dimethylmethyl-4-t-butylphenol, 2,6-dimethylmethyl-p-cresol, 2,6-diacetylmethyl-p-cresol Etc. It is.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (AM5) include TriML-P, TriML-35XL, TML-HQ, TML-BP, TML-pp-BPF, TML-BPA, TMOM-BP, and HML-TPPHBA.
- HML-TPHAP, HMOM-TPPHBA, HMOM-TPPHAP above, trade name, manufactured by Honshu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- TM-BIP-A aboveve, trade name, manufactured by Asahi Organic Materials Co., Ltd.
- NIKALAC MX -280, NIKALAC MX-270, NIKALAC MW-100LM trade name, manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Epoxy compound (compound having an epoxy group)>
- the epoxy compound is preferably a compound having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule.
- the epoxy compound undergoes a cross-linking reaction at 200 ° C. or lower and does not cause a dehydration reaction in the cross-linking reaction, so that film shrinkage hardly occurs. For this reason, containing an epoxy compound is effective for low-temperature curing and low warpage of the photosensitive resin composition.
- the epoxy compound preferably contains a polyethylene oxide group.
- the polyethylene oxide group means that the number of repeating units of ethylene oxide is 2 or more, and the number of repeating units is preferably 2 to 15.
- epoxy compound examples include bisphenol A type epoxy resin; bisphenol F type epoxy resin; alkylene glycol type epoxy resin such as propylene glycol diglycidyl ether; polyalkylene glycol type epoxy resin such as polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether; polymethyl (glycidyl Examples include, but are not limited to, epoxy group-containing silicones such as (roxypropyl) siloxane.
- Epicron (registered trademark) 850-S Epicron (registered trademark) HP-4032, Epicron (registered trademark) HP-7200, Epicron (registered trademark) HP-820, Epicron (registered trademark) HP-4700, Epicron (registered trademark) EXA-4710, Epicron (registered trademark) HP-4770, Epicron (registered trademark) EXA-859CRP, Epicron (registered trademark) EXA-1514, Epicron (registered trademark) EXA-4880, Epicron (registered trademark) EXA-4850-150, Epicron (registered trademark) EXA-4850-1000, Epicron (registered trademark) EXA-4816, Epicron (registered trademark) EXA-4822 (trade name, manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc.), Rikaresin (registered trademark) BEO-60E , New Japan Chemical Co., Ltd.), EP-4003S, EP-4000S (trade name, manufactured by
- an epoxy resin containing a polyethylene oxide group is preferable in terms of excellent low warpage and heat resistance.
- Epicron (registered trademark) EXA-4880, Epicron (registered trademark) EXA-4822, and Licaredin (registered trademark) BEO-60E are preferable because they contain a polyethylene oxide group.
- the content of the epoxy compound is preferably 5 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 50 parts by mass, and still more preferably 10 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor. If the blending amount is 5 parts by mass or more, warpage of the cured film can be further suppressed, and if it is 50 parts by mass or less, pattern filling accompanying reflow during final heating (curing) can be further suppressed.
- the epoxy compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When using 2 or more types, it is preferable that a total amount becomes the said range.
- oxetane compound (compound having oxetanyl group)>
- the oxetane compound include compounds having two or more oxetane rings in one molecule, 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane, 1,4-bis ⁇ [(3-ethyl-3-oxetanyl) methoxy] methyl ⁇ benzene, Examples include 3-ethyl-3- (2-ethylhexylmethyl) oxetane and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid-bis [(3-ethyl-3-oxetanyl) methyl] ester.
- Aron Oxetane series (for example, OXT-121, OXT-221, OXT-191, OXT-223) manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd. can be preferably used. More than one species may be mixed.
- the content of the oxetane compound is preferably 5 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 50 parts by mass, and still more preferably 10 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor.
- One oxetane compound may be used, or two or more oxetane compounds may be used. When using 2 or more types, it is preferable that a total amount becomes the said range.
- ⁇ Benzoxazine compound (compound having benzoxazolyl group)> Since a benzoxazine compound undergoes a crosslinking reaction by a ring-opening addition reaction, no degassing due to curing occurs and shrinkage due to heat is small. For this reason, generation
- benzoxazine compound examples include Ba type benzoxazine, Bm type benzoxazine (trade name, manufactured by Shikoku Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.), benzoxazine adduct of polyhydroxystyrene resin, phenol novolac type dihydrobenzoxazine. Compounds. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the benzoxazine compound is preferably 5 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 50 parts by mass, and still more preferably 10 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor.
- the benzoxazine compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When using 2 or more types, it is preferable that a total amount becomes the said range.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention may contain a radical photopolymerization initiator.
- the photosensitive resin composition contains a photo-radical polymerization initiator
- the photosensitive resin composition is applied to a semiconductor wafer or the like to form a layered composition layer, and then irradiated with light, so that it is cured by radicals. Occurs and the solubility in the light irradiation part can be reduced. For this reason, there exists an advantage that the area
- the radical photopolymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it has the ability to initiate a polymerization reaction (crosslinking reaction) of the polymerizable compound, and can be appropriately selected from known radical photopolymerization initiators. For example, those having photosensitivity to visible light from the ultraviolet region are preferable. Further, it may be an activator that generates some active radicals by generating some action with the photoexcited sensitizer.
- the radical photopolymerization initiator preferably contains at least one compound having a molecular extinction coefficient of at least about 50 within a range of about 300 to 800 nm (preferably 330 to 500 nm). The molecular extinction coefficient of the compound can be measured using a known method. For example, it is preferable to measure with an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (Cary-5 spectrophotometer manufactured by Varian) using an ethyl acetate solvent at a concentration of 0.01 g / L.
- an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer Cary-5 spectrophotometer
- radical photopolymerization initiator known compounds can be used without limitation.
- halogenated hydrocarbon derivatives for example, those having a triazine skeleton, those having an oxadiazole skeleton, those having a trihalomethyl group
- Acylphosphine compounds such as acylphosphine oxide, oxime compounds such as hexaarylbiimidazole and oxime derivatives, organic peroxides, thio compounds, ketone compounds, aromatic onium salts, ketoxime ethers, aminoacetophenone compounds, hydroxyacetophenone, azo Compounds, azide compounds, metallocene compounds, organic boron compounds, iron arene complexes, and the like.
- halogenated hydrocarbon derivatives having a triazine skeleton examples include those described in Wakabayashi et al., Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 42, 2924 (1969), a compound described in GB 1388492, a compound described in JP-A-53-133428, a compound described in DE 3337024, F . C. J. Schaefer et al. Org. Chem. 29, 1527 (1964), compounds described in JP-A-62-258241, compounds described in JP-A-5-281728, compounds described in JP-A-5-34920, Examples include the compounds described in Japanese Patent No. 4221976.
- Examples of the compounds described in US Pat. No. 4,221,976 include compounds having an oxadiazole skeleton (for example, 2-trichloromethyl-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2-trichloro Methyl-5- (4-chlorophenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2-trichloromethyl-5- (1-naphthyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2-trichloromethyl-5 (2-naphthyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2-tribromomethyl-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2-tribromomethyl-5- (2-naphthyl)- 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2-trichloromethyl-5-styryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2-trichloromethyl-5- (4-chlorostyryl) 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2-trichloromethyl-5-
- ketone compound examples include compounds described in paragraph No. 0087 of JP-A-2015-087611, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- Kayacure DETX manufactured by Nippon Kayaku is also suitably used as a commercial product.
- the metallocene compound may be any compound that can generate an active radical upon irradiation with light.
- titanocene compounds described in JP-A-1-304453 and iron-arene complexes described in JP-A-1-152109 is preferably a titanocene compound.
- titanocene compound examples include bis (cyclopentadienyl) -Ti-di-chloride, bis (cyclopentadienyl) -Ti-bis-phenyl, bis (cyclopentadienyl) -Ti-bis (2 , 3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl), bis (cyclopentadienyl) -Ti-bis (2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl), bis (cyclopentadienyl) -Ti-bis (2,4,6-trifluorophenyl), bis (cyclopentadienyl) -Ti-bis (2,6-difluorophenyl), bis (cyclopentadienyl) -Ti-bis (2,4-difluorophenyl) ), Bis (methylcyclopentadienyl) -Ti-bis (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl), bis (methylcyclopent
- metallocene compounds include bis (cyclopentadienyl) bis [2,6-difluoro-3- (methylsulfonamido) phenyl] titanium and bis (cyclopentadienyl) bis [2,6-difluoro.
- metallocene compound a commercially available product can be used.
- examples of bis (methylcyclopentadienyl) -Ti-bis (2,6-difluorophenyl) include IRGACURE-727 (manufactured by BASF).
- Examples of bis (cyclopentadienyl) -bis (2,6-difluoro-3- (py-1-yl) phenyl) titanium include IRUGACURE-784 (manufactured by BASF).
- hydroxyacetophenone compounds As the photoradical polymerization initiator, hydroxyacetophenone compounds, aminoacetophenone compounds, and acylphosphine compounds can also be suitably used. More specifically, for example, aminoacetophenone initiators described in JP-A-10-291969 and acylphosphine oxide initiators described in Japanese Patent No. 4225898 can also be used.
- hydroxyacetophenone-based initiator IRGACURE-184 (IRGACURE is a registered trademark), DAROCUR-1173, IRGACURE-500, IRGACURE-2959, and IRGACURE-127 (trade names: all manufactured by BASF) can be used.
- aminoacetophenone-based initiator commercially available products IRGACURE-907, IRGACURE-369, and IRGACURE-379 (trade names: all manufactured by BASF) can be used.
- aminoacetophenone-based initiator a compound described in JP-A-2009-191179, which has an absorption wavelength matched to a long-wave light source such as 365 nm or 405 nm, can also be used.
- acylphosphine initiator commercially available products such as IRGACURE-819 and DAROCUR-TPO (trade names: both manufactured by BASF) can be used.
- an oxime compound is more preferable.
- Specific examples of the oxime compound include compounds described in JP-A No. 2001-233842, compounds described in JP-A No. 2000-80068, and compounds described in JP-A No. 2006-342166.
- Preferred oxime compounds include, for example, 3-benzoyloxyiminobutan-2-one, 3-acetoxyiminobutan-2-one, 3-propionyloxyiminobutan-2-one, 2-acetoxyiminopentan-3-one, 2-acetoxyimino-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 2-benzoyloxyimino-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 3- (4-toluenesulfonyloxy) iminobutan-2-one, and 2-ethoxycarbonyloxy And imino-1-phenylpropan-1-one.
- Examples of oxime compounds include JCSPerkin II (1979) p.1653-1660, JCSPerkin II (1979) pp.156-162, Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology (1995) pp. Examples thereof include compounds described in 202-232, JP-A No. 2000-66385, JP-A No. 2000-80068, JP-T No. 2004-534797, and JP-A No. 2006-342166.
- IRGACURE-OXE01 manufactured by BASF
- IRGACURE-OXE02 manufactured by BASF
- N-1919 manufactured by ADEKA
- a compound described in JP-A-2009-242469 which is a compound having an unsaturated bond at a specific site of the oxime compound, can also be suitably used. It is also possible to use an oxime compound having a fluorine atom. Specific examples of such oxime compounds include compounds described in JP 2010-262028 A, compounds 24 and 36 to 40 described in paragraph No. 0345 of JP-T-2014-500852, JP Examples thereof include compound (C-3) described in paragraph No. 0101 of 2013-164471. Specific examples include the following compounds. As the most preferred oxime compounds, there are oxime compounds having a specific substituent, as disclosed in JP 2007-267979 A, and oxime compounds having a thioaryl group, as disclosed in JP 2009-191061 A.
- Photoradical polymerization initiators are trihalomethyltriazine compounds, benzyldimethylketal compounds, ⁇ -hydroxyketone compounds, ⁇ -aminoketone compounds, acylphosphine compounds, phosphine oxide compounds, metallocene compounds, oxime compounds, tria from the viewpoint of exposure sensitivity.
- Selected from the group consisting of a reel imidazole dimer, an onium compound, a benzothiazole compound, a benzophenone compound, an acetophenone compound and its derivative, a cyclopentadiene-benzene-iron complex and its salt, a halomethyloxadiazole compound, and a 3-aryl substituted coumarin compound Are preferred.
- trihalomethyltriazine compounds More preferred are trihalomethyltriazine compounds, ⁇ -aminoketone compounds, acylphosphine compounds, phosphine oxide compounds, metallocene compounds, oxime compounds, triarylimidazole dimers, onium compounds, benzophenone compounds, acetophenone compounds, and more preferred are trihalo A methyltriazine compound, an ⁇ -aminoketone compound, a metallocene compound, an oxime compound, a triarylimidazole dimer, and a benzophenone compound, more preferably a metallocene compound and an oxime compound, and more preferably an oxime compound.
- the content of the photoradical polymerization initiator is preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0, based on the total solid content of the photosensitive resin composition. 0.1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass.
- the photo radical polymerization initiator is preferably contained in an amount of 1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 15 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the photo radical polymerizable compound.
- One type of radical photopolymerization initiator may be sufficient, and 2 or more types may be sufficient as it.
- the total is preferably in the above range.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention may contain a photoacid generator.
- a photoacid generator By containing the photoacid generator, an acid is generated in the exposed area, and the solubility of the exposed area in the alkaline aqueous solution is increased. Therefore, it can be used as a positive photosensitive resin composition.
- photoacid generators examples include quinonediazide compounds, sulfonium salts, phosphonium salts, diazonium salts, and iodonium salts.
- a quinonediazide compound is preferably used from the standpoint that a positive photosensitive resin composition exhibiting an excellent dissolution inhibiting effect and having a high sensitivity and a low film thickness can be obtained.
- quinonediazide sulfonic acid is ester-bonded to a polyhydroxy compound
- quinonediazide sulfonic acid is sulfonamide-bonded to a polyamino compound
- quinonediazide sulfonic acid is ester-bonded and / or sulfonamide. Examples include those that are combined.
- a positive photosensitive resin composition sensitive to i-line (wavelength 365 nm), h-line (wavelength 405 nm), and g-line (wavelength 436 nm) of a mercury lamp which is a general ultraviolet ray is obtained. be able to.
- all the functional groups of these polyhydroxy compounds, polyamino compounds, and polyhydroxypolyamino compounds may not be substituted with quinonediazide, but it is preferable that two or more functional groups per molecule are substituted with quinonediazide.
- Q is a hydrogen atom or Represents. It is preferable that 1 to 10% of the whole Q is a hydrogen atom, and 4 to 6% is a hydrogen atom.
- Polyhydroxy compounds include Bis-Z, BisP-EZ, TekP-4HBPA, TrisP-HAP, TrisP-PA, TrisP-SA, TrisOCR-PA, BisOCHP-Z, BisP-MZ, BisP-PZ, BisP-IPZ, BisOCP-IPZ, BisP-CP, BisRS-2P, BisRS-3P, BisP-OCHP, Methylenetris-FR-CR, BisRS-26X, DML-MBPC, DML-MBOC, DML-OCHP, DML-PCHP, DML-PC , DML-PTBP, DML-34X, DML-EP, DML-POP, dimethylol-BisOC-P, DML-PFP, DML-PSBP, DML-MTrisPC, TriML-P, TriML-35XL, TML-BP, TM -HQ, TML-pp-BPF, TML-BPA, TMOM-BP, HML-TPPHBA, HML-TPHAP (
- polyamino compounds examples include 1,4-phenylenediamine, 1,3-phenylenediamine, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, and 4,4′-diamino.
- examples thereof include, but are not limited to, diphenyl sulfide.
- examples of the polyhydroxypolyamino compound include 2,2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane, 3,3′-dihydroxybenzidine, and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- both a compound having a 5-naphthoquinonediazidesulfonyl group and a compound having a 4-naphthoquinonediazidesulfonyl group are preferably used.
- a compound having both of these groups in the same molecule may be used, or a compound using different groups may be used in combination.
- Examples of the method for producing a quinonediazide compound include a method in which 5-naphthoquinonediazidesulfonyl chloride and a phenol compound are reacted in the presence of triethylamine.
- Examples of the method for synthesizing a phenol compound include a method in which an ⁇ - (hydroxyphenyl) styrene derivative is reacted with a polyhydric phenol compound under an acidic catalyst.
- the content of the photoacid generator is preferably 3 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor. By setting the content of the photoacid generator within this range, higher sensitivity can be achieved. Furthermore, you may contain a sensitizer etc. as needed. Only one type of photoacid generator may be used, or two or more types may be used. When using 2 or more types, it is preferable that a total amount becomes the said range.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention may contain a photobase generator.
- a photobase generator generates a base upon exposure and does not exhibit activity under normal conditions of room temperature and normal pressure. However, when an electromagnetic wave is irradiated and heated as an external stimulus, ) Is not particularly limited as long as it generates. Since the base generated by exposure works as a catalyst for curing the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor by heating, it can be suitably used in the negative type.
- the content of the photobase generator is not particularly limited as long as it can form a desired pattern, and can be a general content.
- the content of the photobase generator is preferably in the range of 1 part by weight or more and less than 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the photosensitive resin composition, and in the range of 0.5 part by weight to 25 parts by weight More preferably, it is more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 20 parts by mass.
- the photobase generator may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When using 2 or more types, it is preferable that a total amount becomes the said range.
- photobase generators can be used.
- M.M. Shirai, and M.M. Tsunooka Prog. Polym. Sci. , 21, 1 (1996); Masahiro Kadooka, polymer processing, 46, 2 (1997); Kutal, Coord. Chem. Rev. , 211, 353 (2001); Kaneko, A .; Sarker, and D.C. Neckers, Chem. Mater. 11, 170 (1999); Tachi, M .; Shirai, and M.M. Tsunooka, J. et al. Photopolym. Sci. Technol. , 13, 153 (2000); Winkle, and K.K. Graziano, J. et al. Photopolym.
- An ionic compound neutralized by forming a salt with a base component, or a nonionic compound in which the base component is made latent by a urethane bond or an oxime bond such as a carbamate derivative, an oxime ester derivative, or an acyl compound can be mentioned.
- the photobase generator that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited and known ones can be used.
- the basic substance generated from the photobase generator is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include compounds having an amino group, particularly monoamines, polyamines such as diamines, and amidines.
- the generated basic substance is preferably a compound having an amino group having a higher basicity. This is because the catalytic action for the dehydration condensation reaction or the like in imidation of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor is strong, and the catalytic effect in the dehydration condensation reaction or the like at a lower temperature can be expressed with a smaller amount of addition. That is, since the catalytic effect of the generated basic substance is great, the apparent sensitivity as the photosensitive resin composition is improved. From the viewpoint of the catalytic effect, an amidine and an aliphatic amine are preferable.
- the photobase generator is preferably a photobase generator that does not contain salt in the structure, and more preferably there is no charge on the nitrogen atom of the base moiety generated in the photobase generator.
- the generated base is preferably latentized using a covalent bond, and the base generation mechanism is such that the covalent bond between the nitrogen atom of the generated base moiety and the adjacent atom is cleaved. More preferably, the compound generates a base.
- the base generator does not contain a salt in the structure, the base generator can be neutralized, so that the solvent solubility is good and the pot life is improved.
- the amine generated from the photobase generator used in the present invention is preferably a primary amine or a secondary amine.
- the photobase generator preferably has a latent base formed by using a covalent bond as described above, and the generated base has an amide bond, carbamate bond, or oxime bond. More preferably, it is made latent by use.
- the base generator according to the present invention for example, a base generator having a cinnamic amide structure as disclosed in JP-A-2009-80452 and International Publication No. 2009/123122, JP-A-2006-189591 Base generators having a carbamate structure as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-247747, and oxime structures and carbamoyloxime structures as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2007-249013 and 2008-003581.
- the photobase generator that can be used in the present invention will be described with specific examples.
- the ionic compound include those having the following structural formula.
- acyl compound examples include compounds represented by the following formula.
- examples of the photobase generator include compounds represented by the following general formula (PB-1).
- R 41 and R 42 are a hydrogen atom or an organic group, and may be the same or different, provided that at least one of R 41 and R 42 is an organic group.
- R 41 and R 42 may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure and may contain a heteroatom bond, and R 43 and R 44 each independently represent a hydrogen atom.
- R 45, R 46, R 47 and R 48 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, Mel It is a pto group, sulfide group, silyl group, silanol group, nitro group, nitroso group, sulfino group, sulfo group, sulfonate group, phosphino group, phosphinyl group, phosphono group, phosphonate group, or organic group There may be different even in the same .
- R 45, R 46, R 47 and R 48 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, Mel It is a pto group, sulfide group, silyl group, silanol group, nitro group, nitroso group, sulfino group, sulfo group, sulfonate group, phosphino group, phosphinyl group, phosphono group
- examples of the photobase generator include compounds described in paragraph numbers 0185 to 0188, 0199 to 0200 and 0202 of JP2012-93746A, compounds described in paragraph numbers 0022 to 0069 of JP2013-194205A. Examples thereof include compounds described in JP-A-2013-204019, paragraphs 0026 to 0074, and compounds described in paragraph No. 0052 of WO2010 / 064631.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention may contain a thermal base generator.
- the type of the thermal base generator is not particularly defined, but is selected from an acidic compound that generates a base when heated to 40 ° C. or higher, and an ammonium salt having an anion having an pKa1 of 0 to 4 and an ammonium cation. It is preferable to include a thermal base generator containing at least one kind.
- pKa1 represents a logarithmic representation ( ⁇ Log 10 Ka) of the dissociation constant (Ka) of the first proton of the polyvalent acid.
- the cyclization reaction of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor can be performed at a low temperature, and a photosensitive resin composition having more excellent stability can be obtained.
- the thermal base generator does not generate a base unless it is heated, cyclization of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor during storage can be suppressed even in the presence of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor, thereby improving storage stability. Are better.
- the thermal base generator in the present invention is at least one selected from an acidic compound (A1) that generates a base when heated to 40 ° C. or higher, and an ammonium salt (A2) having an anion having a pKa1 of 0 to 4 and an ammonium cation. including. Since the acidic compound (A1) and the ammonium salt (A2) generate a base when heated, the base generated from these compounds can promote the cyclization reaction of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor, and the heterocyclic-containing polymer Cyclization of the precursor can be performed at low temperatures.
- the base generation temperature of the acidic compound (A1) and the ammonium salt (A2) is preferably 40 ° C. or higher, more preferably 120 to 200 ° C.
- the upper limit of the base generation temperature is more preferably 190 ° C or lower, further preferably 180 ° C or lower, and further preferably 165 ° C or lower.
- the lower limit of the base generation temperature is more preferably 130 ° C or higher, and still more preferably 135 ° C or higher. If the base generation temperature of the acidic compound (A1) and the ammonium salt (A2) is 120 ° C. or higher, a base is hardly generated during storage, and thus a precursor composition having excellent stability can be prepared.
- the base generation temperature of the acidic compound (A1) and the ammonium salt (A2) is 200 ° C. or lower
- the cyclization temperature of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor can be lowered.
- the base generation temperature is measured, for example, by using differential scanning calorimetry, heating the compound to 250 ° C. at 5 ° C./min in a pressure capsule, reading the peak temperature of the lowest exothermic peak, and measuring the peak temperature as the base generation temperature. can do.
- the base generated by the thermal base generator is preferably a secondary amine or a tertiary amine, more preferably a tertiary amine. Since tertiary amine is highly basic, the cyclization temperature of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor can be further lowered. Further, the boiling point of the base generated by the thermal base generator is preferably 80 ° C. or higher, more preferably 100 ° C. or higher, and most preferably 140 ° C. or higher. The molecular weight of the generated base is preferably 80 to 2000. The lower limit is more preferably 100 or more. The upper limit is more preferably 500 or less. The molecular weight value is a theoretical value obtained from the structural formula.
- the acidic compound (A1) preferably contains one or more selected from an ammonium salt and a compound represented by the general formula (1A) described later.
- the ammonium salt (A2) is preferably an acidic compound.
- the ammonium salt (A2) may be a compound containing an acidic compound that generates a base when heated to 40 ° C. or higher (preferably 120 to 200 ° C.), or 40 ° C. or higher (preferably 120 to 200 ° C.). ) May be a compound other than an acidic compound that generates a base when heated.
- the ammonium salt means a salt of an ammonium cation represented by the following general formula (1) or general formula (2) and an anion.
- the anion may be bonded to any part of the ammonium cation via a covalent bond and may be outside the molecule of the ammonium cation, but is preferably outside the molecule of the ammonium cation.
- numerator of an ammonium cation means the case where an ammonium cation and an anion are not couple
- the anion outside the molecule of the cation moiety is also referred to as a counter anion.
- R 1 to R 6 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group
- R 7 represents a hydrocarbon group
- R 1 and R 2 , R 3 and R 4 , R 5 and R 6 , R 5 and R 7 may be bonded to form a ring.
- the ammonium salt preferably has an anion having an pKa1 of 0 to 4 and an ammonium cation.
- the upper limit of the anion pKa1 is more preferably 3.5 or less, and even more preferably 3.2 or less.
- the lower limit is more preferably 0.5 or more, and further preferably 1.0 or more. If the pKa1 of the anion is in the above range, the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor can be cyclized at a low temperature, and further, the stability of the precursor composition can be improved. If pKa1 is 4 or less, the stability of the thermal base generator is good, the generation of a base without heating can be suppressed, and the stability of the precursor composition is good.
- the kind of anion is preferably one selected from a carboxylate anion, a phenol anion, a phosphate anion, and a sulfate anion, and a carboxylate anion is more preferable because both the stability of the salt and the thermal decomposability can be achieved. That is, the ammonium salt is more preferably a salt of an ammonium cation and a carboxylate anion.
- the carboxylic acid anion is preferably a divalent or higher carboxylic acid anion having two or more carboxy groups, and more preferably a divalent carboxylic acid anion.
- the thermal base generator which can improve stability, sclerosis
- the stability, curability and developability of the precursor composition can be further improved by using an anion of a divalent carboxylic acid.
- the carboxylic acid anion is preferably a carboxylic acid anion having a pKa1 of 4 or less.
- pKa1 is more preferably 3.5 or less, and even more preferably 3.2 or less.
- the stability of the precursor composition can be further improved.
- pKa1 represents the logarithm of the reciprocal of the first dissociation constant of the acid, and is determined by Organic Structures by Physical Methods (author: Brown, HC, McDaniel, DH, Hafliger, O., Nachod, FC; Compilation: Braude, EA, Nachod, FC; Academic Press, New York, 1955) and Data for Biochemical Research (author: Dawson, RMC et al; Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1959). For compounds not described in these documents, values calculated from the structural formula using software of ACD / pKa (manufactured by ACD / Labs) are used.
- the carboxylate anion is preferably represented by the following general formula (X1).
- EWG represents an electron-withdrawing group.
- the electron-withdrawing group means a group having a positive Hammett's substituent constant ⁇ m.
- ⁇ m is a review by Yugo Tono, Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Vol. 23, No. 8 (1965) P.I. 631-642.
- the electron-withdrawing group of the present invention is not limited to the substituents described in the above documents.
- Me represents a methyl group
- Ac represents an acetyl group
- Ph represents a phenyl group.
- EWG preferably represents a group represented by the following general formulas (EWG-1) to (EWG-6).
- R x1 to R x3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, a hydroxyl group, or a carboxy group
- Ar represents an aryl group.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably linear or branched, more preferably linear.
- the alkyl group may have a substituent or may be unsubstituted.
- the substituent examples include those described for the organic group has optionally may substituent represented by A 1 to be described later.
- a carboxy group is preferable.
- the alkenyl group preferably has 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the alkenyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably linear or branched, more preferably linear.
- the alkenyl group may have a substituent or may be unsubstituted.
- Examples of the substituent include those described for the organic group has optionally may substituent represented by A 1 to be described later.
- a carboxy group is preferable.
- the aryl group preferably has 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the aryl group may have a substituent or may be unsubstituted. Examples of the substituent include those described for the organic group has optionally may substituent represented by A 1 to be described later. As the substituent, a carboxy group is preferable.
- the carboxylate anion is also preferably represented by the following general formula (X).
- L 10 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group selected from an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, an arylene group, —NR X —, and a combination thereof
- R X represents a hydrogen atom Represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aryl group.
- the alkylene group represented by L 10 preferably has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the alkylene group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably linear or branched, more preferably linear.
- the alkylene group may have a substituent or may be unsubstituted. Examples of the substituent include those described for the organic group has optionally may substituent represented by A 1 to be described later.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkenylene group represented by L 10 is preferably 2 to 30, more preferably 2 to 20, and still more preferably 2 to 10.
- the alkenylene group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably linear or branched, more preferably linear.
- the alkenylene group may have a substituent or may be unsubstituted. Examples of the substituent include those described for the organic group has optionally may substituent represented by A 1 to be described later.
- the number of carbon atoms of the arylene group represented by L 10 is preferably 6 to 30, more preferably 6 to 20, and still more preferably 6 to 12.
- the arylene group may have a substituent or may be unsubstituted. Examples of the substituent include those described for the organic group has optionally may substituent represented by A 1 to be described later.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group represented by R X is preferably 1 to 30, more preferably 1 to 20, and still more preferably 1 to 10.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably linear or branched, more preferably linear.
- the alkyl group may have a substituent or may be unsubstituted. Examples of the substituent include those described for the organic group has optionally may substituent represented by A 1 to be described later.
- the alkenyl group represented by R X preferably has 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the alkenyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably linear or branched, more preferably linear.
- the alkenyl group may have a substituent or may be unsubstituted. Examples of the substituent include those described for the organic group has optionally may substituent represented by A 1 to be described later.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group represented by R X is preferably 6 to 30, more preferably 6 to 20, and still more preferably 6 to 12.
- the aryl group may have a substituent or may be unsubstituted. Examples of the substituent include those described for the organic group has optionally may substituent represented by A 1 to be described later.
- carboxylate anion examples include a maleate anion, a phthalate anion, an N-phenyliminodiacetic acid anion, and an oxalate anion. These can be preferably used.
- ammonium cation is preferably represented by any one of the following general formulas (Y1-1) to (Y1-6).
- R 101 represents an n-valent organic group
- R 102 to R 111 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group
- R 150 and R 151 each independently represent a hydrocarbon group
- R 104 and R 105 , R 104 and R 150 , R 107 and R 108 , and R 109 and R 110 may be bonded to each other to form a ring
- Ar 101 and Ar 102 each independently represent an aryl group
- n represents an integer of 1 or more
- m represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- R 101 represents an n-valent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group include an alkyl group, an alkylene group, and an aryl group.
- the divalent or higher valent organic group include those obtained by removing one or more hydrogen atoms from a monovalent organic group to form an n valent group.
- R 101 is preferably an aryl group. Specific examples of the aryl group include those described for Ar 10 described later.
- R 102 to R 111 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group
- R 150 and R 151 each independently represent a hydrocarbon group.
- the hydrocarbon group represented by R 102 to R 111 , R 150 and R 151 is preferably an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aryl group.
- the alkyl group, alkenyl group and aryl group may further have a substituent. Examples of the substituent include those described for the organic group has optionally may substituent represented by A 1 to be described later.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably linear or branched, more preferably linear.
- the alkyl group may have a substituent or may be unsubstituted.
- the alkenyl group preferably has 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the alkenyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably linear or branched, more preferably linear.
- the alkenyl group may have a substituent or may be unsubstituted.
- the aryl group preferably has 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the aryl group may have a substituent
- Ar 101 and Ar 102 each independently represent an aryl group.
- the aryl group preferably has 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the aryl group may have a substituent or may be unsubstituted.
- R 104 and R 105 , R 104 and R 150 , R 107 and R 108 , and R 109 and R 110 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- the ring include cyclic aliphatic (non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring), aromatic ring, heterocyclic ring and the like.
- the ring may be monocyclic or multicyclic.
- the linking group is selected from the group consisting of —CO—, —O—, —NH—, a divalent aliphatic group, a divalent aryl group, and combinations thereof.
- the bivalent coupling group chosen is mentioned.
- the ring formed include, for example, pyrrolidine ring, pyrrole ring, piperidine ring, pyridine ring, imidazole ring, pyrazole ring, oxazole ring, thiazole ring, pyrazine ring, morpholine ring, thiazine ring, indole ring, isoindole.
- the ammonium cation preferably has a structure represented by the general formula (Y1-1) or the general formula (Y1-2), represented by the general formula (Y1-1) or the general formula (Y1-2), A structure in which R 101 is an aryl group is more preferable, and a structure represented by general formula (Y1-1), in which R 101 is an aryl group, is particularly preferable. That is, in the present invention, the ammonium cation is preferably represented by the following general formula (Y).
- Ar 10 represents an aryl group
- R 11 to R 15 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group
- R 14 and R 15 are bonded to each other to form a ring.
- N may represent an integer of 1 or more.
- Ar 10 represents an aryl group.
- the aryl group include a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, naphthalene ring, pentalene ring, indene ring, azulene ring, heptalene ring, indecene ring, perylene ring, pentacene ring, acenaphthene ring, phenanthrene ring, anthracene ring.
- a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, an anthracene ring, a phenothiazine ring, or a carbazole ring is preferable, and a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring is most preferable.
- aryl groups the substituents which may have include those described in the organic group has optionally may substituent represented by A 1 to be described later.
- R 11 and R 12 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group.
- the hydrocarbon group is not particularly limited, but is preferably an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aryl group.
- R 11 and R 12 are preferably a hydrogen atom.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic. Examples of the linear or branched alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, a dodecyl group, a tetradecyl group, and an octadecyl group.
- the cyclic alkyl group may be a monocyclic cyclic alkyl group or a polycyclic cyclic alkyl group.
- Examples of the monocyclic alkyl group include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, and a cyclooctyl group.
- Examples of the polycyclic alkyl group include an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group, a bornyl group, a camphenyl group, a decahydronaphthyl group, a tricyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a camphoroyl group, a dicyclohexyl group, and a pinenyl group. Is mentioned. Among these, a cyclohexyl group is most preferable from the viewpoint of achieving high sensitivity.
- the alkenyl group has preferably 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, still more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the alkenyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably linear or branched, more preferably linear.
- the aryl group preferably has 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- R 13 to R 15 each represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group.
- the hydrocarbon group include the hydrocarbon groups described above for R 11 and R 12 .
- R 13 to R 15 are particularly preferably alkyl groups, and preferred embodiments are also the same as those described for R 11 and R 12 .
- R 14 and R 15 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- the ring include cycloaliphatic (non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring), aromatic ring, heterocyclic ring and the like.
- the ring may be monocyclic or multicyclic.
- the linking group is composed of —CO—, —O—, —NH—, a divalent aliphatic group, a divalent aryl group, and combinations thereof. And divalent linking groups selected from the group.
- the ring formed include, for example, pyrrolidine ring, pyrrole ring, piperidine ring, pyridine ring, imidazole ring, pyrazole ring, oxazole ring, thiazole ring, pyrazine ring, morpholine ring, thiazine ring, indole ring, isoindole.
- R 13 to R 15 are a group in which R 14 and R 15 are bonded to each other to form a ring, or R 13 is a linear alkyl group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms (more preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms).
- R 14 and R 15 are preferably each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms (more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms). According to this aspect, it is possible to easily generate amine species having a high boiling point.
- R 13 to R 15 are preferably 7 to 30 in terms of the total number of carbon atoms of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 from the viewpoint of the basicity and boiling point of the generated amine species. It is more preferable.
- the amount of the chemical formula “—NR 13 R 14 R 15 ” in the general formula (Y) is preferably 80 to 2000, and more preferably 100 to 500, because an amine species having a high boiling point is likely to be generated.
- R 13 and R 14 are a methyl group or an ethyl group, and R 15 is a straight chain having 5 or more carbon atoms
- examples include a branched or cyclic alkyl group or an aryl group.
- R 13 and R 14 are methyl groups, and R 15 is a linear alkyl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 6 to 17 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkyl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 13 and R 14 are methyl groups
- R 15 is a linear alkyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or 6 to 8 carbon atoms.
- a cyclic alkyl group or a phenyl group is more preferable.
- the acidic compound is also preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (1A). Although this compound is acidic at room temperature, the carboxy group is lost by decarboxylation or dehydration cyclization by heating, so that the amine site that has been neutralized and inactivated becomes active, and thus the base is activated. It becomes sex.
- general formula (1A) is demonstrated.
- a 1 represents a p-valent organic group
- R 1 represents a monovalent organic group
- L 1 represents a (m + 1) -valent organic group
- m represents an integer of 1 or more
- P represents an integer of 1 or more.
- a 1 represents a p-valent organic group.
- the organic group include an aliphatic group and an aryl group, and an aryl group is preferable.
- the A 1 and aryl group at lower temperatures, often invites a base having a boiling point higher. By increasing the boiling point of the generated base, volatilization or decomposition due to heating during curing of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor can be suppressed, and the cyclization of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor can proceed more effectively.
- the monovalent aliphatic group include an alkyl group and an alkenyl group.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- the alkyl group may have a substituent or may be unsubstituted.
- Specific examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a tert-butyl group, a dodecyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, and an adamantyl group.
- the alkenyl group has preferably 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, still more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the alkenyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- the alkenyl group may have a substituent or may be unsubstituted.
- Examples of the alkenyl group include a vinyl group and a (meth) allyl group.
- Examples of the divalent or higher aliphatic group include groups obtained by removing one or more hydrogen atoms from the above monovalent aliphatic group.
- the aryl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- the aryl group may be a heteroaryl group containing a heteroatom.
- the aryl group may have a substituent or may be unsubstituted. Unsubstituted is preferred. Specific examples of the aryl group include benzene ring, naphthalene ring, pentalene ring, indene ring, azulene ring, heptalene ring, indecene ring, perylene ring, pentacene ring, acenaphthalene ring, phenanthrene ring, anthracene ring, naphthacene ring, chrysene ring.
- Triphenylene ring Fluorene ring, biphenyl ring, pyrrole ring, furan ring, thiophene ring, imidazole ring, thiazole ring, thiazole ring, pyridine ring, pyrazine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyridazine ring, indolizine ring, indole ring, benzofuran ring, Benzothiophene ring, isobenzofuran ring, quinolidine ring, quinoline ring, phthalazine ring, naphthyridine ring, quinoxaline ring, quinoxazoline ring, isoquinoline ring, carbazole ring, phenanthridine ring, acridine ring, phenanthroline ring, Antoren ring, chromene ring, xanthene ring, phenoxathiin ring, a phenothia
- a plurality of aromatic rings may be linked through a single bond or a linking group described later.
- the linking group for example, an alkylene group is preferable.
- the alkylene group is preferably linear or branched.
- Specific examples of the aryl group in which a plurality of aromatic rings are linked through a single bond or a linking group include biphenyl, diphenylmethane, diphenylpropane, diphenylisopropane, triphenylmethane, and tetraphenylmethane.
- Examples of the substituent that the organic group represented by A 1 may have include, for example, a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom; a methoxy group, an ethoxy group and a tert-butoxy group.
- a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom
- a methoxy group, an ethoxy group and a tert-butoxy group such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.
- An acyloxy group such as: an acetyl group, a benzoyl group, an isobutyryl group, an acryloyl group, a methacryloyl group and a methoxalyl group; an alkylsulfanyl group such as a methylsulfanyl group and a tert-butylsulfanyl group; a phenylsulfanyl group And arylsulfanyl groups such as p-tolylsulfanyl group; linear or branched alkyl groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, tert-butyl
- L 1 represents a (m + 1) -valent linking group.
- the linking group is not particularly limited, and is —COO—, —OCO—, —CO—, —O—, —S—, —SO—, —SO 2 —, an alkylene group (preferably a straight chain having 1 to 10 carbon atoms).
- a chain or branched alkylene group), a cycloalkylene group (preferably a cycloalkylene group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms), an alkenylene group (preferably a linear or branched alkenylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), or a plurality of these are linked Examples thereof include a linking group.
- the total carbon number of the linking group is preferably 3 or less.
- the linking group is preferably an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, or an alkenylene group, more preferably a linear or branched alkylene group, still more preferably a linear alkylene group, particularly preferably an ethylene group or a methylene group, and most preferably a methylene group.
- R 1 represents a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group include an aliphatic group and an aryl group. Aliphatic group, for the aryl group include those described in A 1 described above.
- the monovalent organic group represented by R 1 may have a substituent. Examples of the substituent include those described above.
- R 1 is preferably a group having a carboxy group. That is, R 1 is preferably a group represented by the following formula. -L 2- (COOH) n In the formula, L 2 represents an (n + 1) -valent linking group, and n represents an integer of 1 or more.
- Examples of the linking group represented by L 2 include the groups described above for L 1 , and the preferred ranges are also the same, an ethylene group or a methylene group is particularly preferred, and a methylene group is most preferred.
- n represents an integer of 1 or more, preferably 1 or 2, and more preferably 1.
- the upper limit of n is the maximum number of substituents that can take the linking group L 2 represents. If n is 1, a tertiary amine having a high boiling point is likely to be generated by heating at 200 ° C. or lower. Furthermore, the stability of the precursor composition can be improved.
- m represents an integer of 1 or more, preferably 1 or 2, and more preferably 1.
- the upper limit of m is the maximum number of substituents that the linking group represented by L 1 can take.
- m 1, a tertiary amine having a high boiling point is likely to be generated by heating at 200 ° C. or lower.
- p represents an integer of 1 or more, preferably 1 or 2, and more preferably 1.
- the upper limit of p is the maximum number of substituents that can take the organic group A 1 represents. When p is 1, a tertiary amine having a high boiling point is likely to be generated by heating at 200 ° C. or lower.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1A) is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (1a).
- a 1 represents a p-valent organic group
- L 1 represents a (m + 1) valent linking group
- L 2 represents a (n + 1) valent linking group
- m is an integer of 1 or more
- N represents an integer of 1 or more
- p represents an integer of 1 or more.
- a 1 , L 1 , L 2 , m, n and p in the general formula (1a) have the same meanings as the ranges described in the general formula (1A), and preferred ranges are also the same.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1A) is preferably N-aryliminodiacetic acid.
- a 1 in the general formula (1A) is an aryl group
- L 1 and L 2 are methylene groups
- m is 1
- n is 1
- p is 1.
- N-aryliminodiacetic acid tends to generate a tertiary amine having a high boiling point at 120 to 200 ° C.
- thermal base generator in this invention is not limited to these. These can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
- Me in the following formulas represents a methyl group.
- (A-1) to (A-11), (A-18), and (A-19) are compounds represented by the above formula (1).
- (A-1) to (A-11), (A-18) to (A-26) are more preferred, and (A-1) to (A-9), (A-18) ) To (A-21), (A-23), and (A-24) are more preferable.
- thermal base generator used in the present invention those described in Paragraph Nos. 0015 to 0055 of Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-034388 are also preferably used, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- the content of the thermal base generator in the photosensitive resin composition is preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the photosensitive resin composition.
- the lower limit is more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and further preferably 1% by mass or more.
- the upper limit is more preferably 30% by mass or less, and still more preferably 20% by mass or less.
- 1 type (s) or 2 or more types can be used for a thermal base generator. When using 2 or more types, it is preferable that a total amount is the said range.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention may contain a thermal acid generator.
- a thermal acid generator is a compound having a hydroxymethyl group, an alkoxymethyl group, or an acyloxymethyl group in addition to generating an acid by heating and accelerating the cyclization of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor to further improve the mechanical properties of the cured film. And an effect of accelerating the crosslinking reaction of at least one compound selected from an epoxy compound, an oxetane compound and a benzoxazine compound.
- the thermal decomposition starting temperature of the thermal acid generator is preferably 50 ° C. to 270 ° C., more preferably 250 ° C. or less.
- no acid is generated during drying (pre-baking: about 70 to 140 ° C.) after the photosensitive resin composition is applied to the substrate, and final heating (curing: about 100 to 400 after patterning by subsequent exposure and development). It is preferable to select one that generates an acid at the time of (° C.) because it can suppress a decrease in sensitivity during development.
- the acid generated from the thermal acid generator is preferably a strong acid.
- arylsulfonic acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid and benzenesulfonic acid
- alkylsulfonic acids such as methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid and butanesulfonic acid
- trifluoromethane Haloalkyl sulfonic acids such as sulfonic acid are preferred.
- Examples of such a thermal acid generator include those described in paragraph No. 0055 of JP2013-072935A.
- those that generate alkyl sulfonic acids having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or haloalkyl sulfonic acids having 1 to 4 carbon atoms are more preferable from the viewpoint that there is little residue in the cured film and physical properties of the cured film are not lowered.
- methanesulfonic acid (4-hydroxyphenyl) dimethylsulfonium
- methanesulfonic acid (4-((methoxycarbonyl) oxy) phenyl) dimethylsulfonium
- benzyl methanesulfonic acid benzyl (4-hydroxyphenyl) methylsulfonium
- Benzyl (4-((methoxycarbonyl) oxy) phenyl) methylsulfonium methanesulfonate (4-hydroxyphenyl) methyl ((2-methylphenyl) methyl) sulfonium methanesulfonate
- trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (4-hydroxyphenyl) Dimethylsulfonium
- trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (4-((methoxycarbonyl) oxy) phenyl) dimethylsulfonium
- benzyl trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (4-hydroxyphenyl)
- JP2013-167742A is also preferable as the thermal acid generator.
- thermal acid generator 0.01 mass part or more is preferable with respect to 100 mass parts of heterocyclic containing polymer precursors, and 0.1 mass part or more is more preferable.
- 0.01 part by mass or more By containing 0.01 part by mass or more, the crosslinking reaction and the cyclization of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor are promoted, so that the mechanical properties and chemical resistance of the cured film can be further improved.
- 20 mass parts or less are preferable, 15 mass parts or less are more preferable, and 10 mass parts or less are more preferable.
- One type of thermal acid generator may be used, or two or more types may be used. When using 2 or more types, it is preferable that a total amount becomes the said range.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention may contain a thermal radical polymerization initiator.
- a thermal radical polymerization initiator a known thermal radical polymerization initiator can be used.
- the thermal radical polymerization initiator is a compound that generates radicals by heat energy and initiates or accelerates the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable compound. By adding a thermal radical polymerization initiator, the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable compound can be advanced when the cyclization reaction of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor is advanced.
- the polymerization reaction of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor can be allowed to proceed together with the cyclization of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor.
- Thermal radical polymerization initiators include aromatic ketones, onium salt compounds, peroxides, thio compounds, hexaarylbiimidazole compounds, ketoxime ester compounds, borate compounds, azinium compounds, metallocene compounds, active ester compounds, carbon halogens. Examples thereof include a compound having a bond and an azo compound.
- the thermal radical polymerization initiator used in the present invention preferably has a 10-hour half-life temperature of 90 to 130 ° C, more preferably 100 to 120 ° C. Specific examples include compounds described in paragraph numbers 0074 to 0118 of JP-A-2008-63554. In a commercial item, perbutyl Z and park mill D (made by NOF Corporation) can be used conveniently.
- the content of the thermal radical polymerization initiator is preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the photosensitive resin composition, Is more preferably from 30 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.1 to 20% by weight. Further, the thermal radical polymerization initiator is preferably contained in an amount of 0.1 to 50 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.5 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable compound. According to this aspect, it is easy to form a cured film having more excellent heat resistance. Only one type of thermal radical polymerization initiator may be used, or two or more types may be used. When there are two or more thermal radical polymerization initiators, the total is preferably in the above range.
- a corrosion inhibitor is added for the purpose of preventing the outflow of ions from the metal wiring.
- the compound include a rust inhibitor described in paragraph No. 0094 of JP2013-15701A, and JP2009-283711A.
- the compounds described in Paragraph Nos. 0073 to 0076, the compound described in Paragraph No. 0052 of JP 2011-59656 A, the compounds described in Paragraph Nos. 0114, 0116, and 0118 of JP 2012-194520 A are used. be able to.
- a compound having a triazole ring or a compound having a tetrazole ring can be preferably used.
- 1,2,4-triazole, 1,2,3-benzotriazole, 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole, 1H-tetrazole 5-methyl-1H-tetrazole is more preferred, and 1H-tetrazole is most preferred.
- the amount of the corrosion inhibitor is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 0.2 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor. It is the range of mass parts.
- the corrosion inhibitor may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When using 2 or more types, it is preferable that a total amount becomes the said range.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a metal adhesion improver for improving the adhesion with a metal material used for electrodes and wirings.
- metal adhesion improvers include sulfide compounds described in paragraph numbers 0046 to 0049 of JP-A-2014-186186 and paragraph numbers 0032 to 0043 of JP-A-2013-072935.
- the metal adhesion improver also include the following compounds.
- the compounding amount of the metal adhesion improver is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 15 parts per 100 parts by mass of the polyimide precursor. It is the range of mass parts.
- membrane and metal after thermosetting becomes favorable, and the heat resistance of the film
- Only one type of metal adhesion improver may be used, or two or more types may be used. When using 2 or more types, it is preferable that the sum total is the said range.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a silane coupling agent from the viewpoint of improving the adhesion to the substrate.
- a silane coupling agent examples include compounds described in paragraphs 0062 to 0073 of JP2014-191002, compounds described in paragraphs 0063 to 0071 of WO2011 / 080992A1, and JP2014-191252A.
- the amount of the silane coupling agent is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor. Part range.
- the amount of the silane coupling agent is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor. Part range.
- it is 0.1 part by mass or more sufficient adhesion to the substrate can be imparted, and when it is 20 parts by mass or less, problems such as an increase in viscosity during storage at room temperature can be further suppressed.
- Only one type of silane coupling agent may be used, or two or more types may be used. When using 2 or more types, it is preferable that a total amount becomes the said range.
- a dissolution accelerator a compound that promotes solubility
- the solubility promoter include low molecular weight phenols (for example, Bis-Z, TekP-4HBPA, TrisP-HAP, TrisP-PA, BisRS-2P, BisRS-3P (trade name, manufactured by Honshu Chemical Industry), BIR- PC, BIR-PTBP, BIR-BIPC-F (trade name, manufactured by Asahi Organic Materials Co., Ltd.), phenols described in paragraph numbers 0056 to 0062 of JP2013-152381A) and arylsulfonamide derivatives (for example, And compounds described in paragraph No.
- the blending amount of the dissolution accelerator is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor. It is a range. Only one type of dissolution promoter may be used, or two or more types may be used. When using 2 or more types, it is preferable that a total amount becomes the said range.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is a positive type using an alkaline developer, it contains a dissolution inhibitor (a compound that inhibits solubility) in order to adjust the solubility in an alkaline developer.
- a dissolution inhibitor a compound that inhibits solubility
- onium salts, diaryl compounds and tetraalkylammonium salts are preferred.
- the onium salt include iodonium salts such as diaryliodonium salts, sulfonium salts such as triarylsulfonium salts, diazonium salts such as phosphonium salts, aryldiazonium salts, and the like.
- diaryl compound examples include those in which two aryl groups such as diaryl urea, diaryl sulfone, diaryl ketone, diaryl ether, diaryl propane, and diaryl hexafluoropropane are bonded via a bonding group. Groups are preferred.
- aryl groups such as diaryl urea, diaryl sulfone, diaryl ketone, diaryl ether, diaryl propane, and diaryl hexafluoropropane are bonded via a bonding group. Groups are preferred.
- tetraalkylammonium salt examples include tetraalkylammonium halides in which the alkyl group is a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- those showing a good dissolution inhibiting effect include diaryl iodonium salts, diaryl ureas, diaryl sulfones, tetramethyl ammonium halides, etc.
- diaryl ureas include diphenyl urea, dimethyl diphenyl urea, etc.
- the methylammonium halide include tetramethylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium bromide, and tetramethylammonium iodide.
- a diaryl iodonium salt represented by the general formula (Inh) is preferable.
- X - represents a counter anion
- R 7 and R 8 each independently represent a monovalent organic group
- a and b are each independently an integer of 0 to 5
- Examples of the counter anion X ⁇ include nitrate ion, boron tetrafluoride ion, perchlorate ion, trifluoromethanesulfonate ion, p-toluenesulfonate ion, thiocyanate ion, chlorine ion, bromine ion, iodine ion and the like. It is done.
- diaryliodonium salt examples include diphenyliodonium nitrate, bis (p-tert-butylphenyl) iodonium nitrate, diphenyliodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, bis (p-tert-butylphenyl) iodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, and diphenyliodonium.
- diphenyliodonium chloride, diphenyliodonium iodide, diphenyliodonium-8-anilinonanaphthalene-1-sulfonate and the like can be used.
- diphenyliodonium nitrate diphenyliodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate and diphenyliodonium-8-anilinonanaphthalene-1-sulfonate are preferable because of their high effects.
- the content is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, preferably 0.1 to 15 parts by mass is more preferable, and 0.5 to 10 parts by mass is even more preferable.
- the content is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, preferably 0.1 to 15 parts by mass is more preferable, and 0.5 to 10 parts by mass is even more preferable.
- Only one type of dissolution inhibitor may be used, or two or more types may be used. When using 2 or more types, it is preferable that a total amount becomes the said range.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention may contain a sensitizing dye.
- a sensitizing dye absorbs specific actinic radiation and enters an electronically excited state.
- the sensitizing dye in an electronically excited state is brought into contact with a thermal base generator, a thermal radical polymerization initiator, a photo radical polymerization initiator, and the like, thereby causing actions such as electron transfer, energy transfer, and heat generation.
- a thermal base generator, a thermal radical polymerization initiator, and a photo radical polymerization initiator cause a chemical change and are decomposed to generate radicals, acids, or bases.
- preferable sensitizing dyes include those belonging to the following compounds and having an absorption wavelength in the range of 300 nm to 450 nm.
- polynuclear aromatics for example, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, perylene, triphenylene, 9.10-dialkoxyanthracene
- xanthenes for example, fluorescein, eosin, erythrosine, rhodamine B, rose bengal
- thioxanthones for example, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone
- cyanines for example thiacarbocyanine, oxacarbocyanine
- merocyanines for example merocyanine, carbomerocyanine
- thiazines for example thionine, methylene blue, toluidine blue
- acridines Eg, acridine orange, chloroflavin, acriflavine
- anthrdines
- polynuclear aromatics for example, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, perylene, triphenylene
- thioxanthones for example, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, perylene, triphenylene
- thioxanthones for example, thioxanthones
- distyrylbenzenes for example, thioxanthones
- distyrylbenzenes for example, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, perylene, triphenylene
- thioxanthones for example, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, perylene, triphenylene
- thioxanthones for example, thioxanthones
- distyrylbenzenes for example, thioxanthones
- distyrylbenzenes for example, thioxanthones
- the content of the sensitizing dye is preferably 0.01 to 20% by mass, and preferably 0.1 to 15% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the photosensitive resin composition. Is more preferable, and 0.5 to 10% by mass is even more preferable.
- a sensitizing dye may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention may contain a chain transfer agent.
- the chain transfer agent is defined, for example, in Polymer Dictionary 3rd Edition (edited by the Polymer Society, 2005) pages 683-684.
- As the chain transfer agent for example, a compound group having SH, PH, SiH, GeH in the molecule is used. These can donate hydrogen to low-activity radical species to generate radicals, or can be oxidized and then deprotonated to generate radicals.
- thiol compounds for example, 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles, 2-mercaptobenzthiazoles, 2-mercaptobenzoxazoles, 3-mercaptotriazoles, 5-mercaptotetrazoles, etc.
- 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles, 2-mercaptobenzthiazoles, 2-mercaptobenzoxazoles, 3-mercaptotriazoles, 5-mercaptotetrazoles, etc. can be preferably used.
- the content of the chain transfer agent is preferably 0.01 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 100 parts by mass of the total solid content of the photosensitive resin composition. 1 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 5 parts by mass. Only one type of chain transfer agent may be used, or two or more types may be used. When there are two or more chain transfer agents, the total is preferably in the above range.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a small amount of a polymerization inhibitor in order to prevent unnecessary thermal polymerization of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor and the radical polymerizable compound during production or storage.
- a polymerization inhibitor examples include hydroquinone, p-methoxyphenol, di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, pyrogallol, p-tert-butylcatechol, benzoquinone, 4,4′-thiobis (3-methyl-6-tert).
- the content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the photosensitive resin composition. Only one polymerization inhibitor may be used, or two or more polymerization inhibitors may be used. When two or more polymerization inhibitors are used, the total is preferably within the above range.
- Various surfactants may be added to the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention from the viewpoint of further improving coatability.
- the surfactant various surfactants such as a fluorine-based surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, and a silicone-based surfactant can be used.
- a fluorosurfactant liquid properties (particularly fluidity) when prepared as a coating liquid are further improved, so that the uniformity of coating thickness and liquid-saving properties can be further improved.
- the wettability to the coated surface is improved by reducing the interfacial tension between the coated surface and the coating liquid, and the coated surface The coating property of is improved. For this reason, even when a thin film of about several ⁇ m is formed with a small amount of liquid, it is effective in that it is possible to more suitably form a film having a uniform thickness with small thickness unevenness.
- the fluorine content of the fluorosurfactant is preferably 3 to 40% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass, and particularly preferably 7 to 25% by mass.
- a fluorine-based surfactant having a fluorine content within this range is effective in terms of uniformity of coating film thickness and liquid-saving properties, and has good solubility.
- fluorosurfactant examples include Megafac F171, F172, F173, F176, F176, F177, F141, F142, F143, F144, R30, F437, F475, F479, F482, F554, F780, F780, F781 (above DIC Corporation), Florard FC430, FC431, FC171 (above, Sumitomo 3M Limited), Surflon S-382, SC-101, Same SC-103, Same SC-104, Same SC-105, Same SC1068, Same SC-381, Same SC-383, Same S393, Same KH-40 (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.), PF636, PF656, PF6320 PF6520, PF7002 (manufactured by OMNOVA), and the like.
- a block polymer can also be used as the fluorosurfactant, and specific examples thereof include compounds described in JP-A-2011-89090.
- the following compounds are also exemplified as the fluorosurfactant used in the present invention.
- the weight average molecular weight of the above compound is, for example, 14,000.
- nonionic surfactant examples include glycerol, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, and ethoxylates and propoxylates thereof (for example, glycerol propoxylate, glycerol ethoxylate, etc.), polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene Stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, polyethylene glycol dilaurate, polyethylene glycol distearate, sorbitan fatty acid ester (Pluronic L10, L31, L61, L62 manufactured by BASF, 10R5, 17R2, 25R2, Tetronic 304, 701, 704, 901, 904, 150R1) Solsperse 20000 (Lubrizol Japan Co., Ltd.), and the like.
- cationic surfactant examples include phthalocyanine derivatives (trade name: EFKA-745, manufactured by Morishita Sangyo Co., Ltd.), organosiloxane polymer KP341 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), (meth) acrylic acid ( Co) polymer polyflow no. 75, no. 90, no. 95 (manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.), W001 (manufactured by Yusho Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- phthalocyanine derivatives trade name: EFKA-745, manufactured by Morishita Sangyo Co., Ltd.
- organosiloxane polymer KP341 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
- (meth) acrylic acid ( Co) polymer polyflow no. 75, no. 90, no. 95 manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.
- W001 manufactured by Yusho Co., Ltd.
- anionic surfactants include W004, W005, W017 (manufactured by Yusho Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- silicone surfactant examples include “Toray Silicone DC3PA”, “Toray Silicone SH7PA”, “Tore Silicone DC11PA”, “Tore Silicone SH21PA”, “Tore Silicone SH28PA”, “Toray Silicone” manufactured by Toray Dow Corning Co., Ltd.
- the content of the surfactant is preferably 0.001 to 2.0% by mass, more preferably based on the total solid content of the photosensitive resin composition. 0.005 to 1.0% by mass. Only one surfactant may be used, or two or more surfactants may be used. When there are two or more surfactants, the total is preferably in the above range.
- a higher fatty acid derivative such as behenic acid or behenic acid amide or the like is added to the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention, and the photosensitive resin composition is dried during the coating process. It may be unevenly distributed on the surface of the object.
- the content of the higher fatty acid derivative or the like is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the photosensitive resin composition. Only one type of higher fatty acid derivative or the like may be used. When there are two or more higher fatty acid derivatives, the total is preferably in the above range.
- ⁇ Solvent> When making the photosensitive resin composition of this invention into a layer form by application
- Any known solvent can be used without limitation as long as the photosensitive resin composition can be formed into a layer.
- the solvent used in the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention include esters such as ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, amyl formate, isoamyl acetate, butyl propionate, isopropyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, butyric acid.
- alkyl oxyacetate eg, methyl oxyacetate, ethyl oxyacetate, butyl oxyacetate (eg, methyl methoxyacetate, ethyl methoxyacetate, methoxy Butyl acetate, methyl ethoxyacetate, ethyl ethoxyacetate, etc.)
- 3-oxypropionic acid alkyl esters eg, methyl 3-oxypropionate, ethyl 3-oxypropionate, etc.
- the solvent is preferably in the form of a mixture of two or more types from the viewpoint of improving the coated surface.
- a mixed solution composed of two or more selected from dimethyl sulfoxide, ethyl carbitol acetate, butyl carbitol acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether, and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate is preferable.
- the combined use of dimethyl sulfoxide and ⁇ -butyrolactone is particularly preferred.
- the content of the solvent is preferably such that the total solid concentration of the photosensitive resin composition is 5 to 80% by mass from the viewpoint of applicability. More preferably, it is preferably ⁇ 70 mass%, particularly preferably 10 ⁇ 60 mass%.
- One type of solvent may be sufficient and 2 or more types may be sufficient as it. When there are two or more solvents, the total is preferably in the above range.
- the contents of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide and N, N-dimethylformamide are determined based on the total mass of the photosensitive resin composition from the viewpoint of film strength. Is less than 5% by mass, more preferably less than 1% by mass, even more preferably less than 0.5% by mass, and particularly preferably less than 0.1% by mass.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention has various additives, for example, inorganic particles, curing agents, curing catalysts, fillers, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, as necessary, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Further, an aggregation inhibitor and the like can be blended. When mix
- the water content of the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is preferably less than 5% by mass, more preferably less than 1% by mass, and particularly preferably less than 0.6% by mass from the viewpoint of the coated surface.
- the metal content of the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is preferably less than 5 ppm by mass, more preferably less than 1 ppm by mass, and particularly preferably less than 0.5 ppm by mass from the viewpoint of insulation.
- the metal include sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, chromium, nickel and the like. When a plurality of metals are included, the total of these metals is preferably in the above range.
- a raw material having a low metal content is selected as a raw material constituting the photosensitive resin composition.
- the raw material to be filtered may be filtered, or the inside of the apparatus may be lined with polytetrafluoroethylene or the like, and distillation may be performed under a condition in which contamination is suppressed as much as possible.
- the content of halogen atoms is preferably less than 500 ppm by mass, more preferably less than 300 ppm by mass, and particularly preferably less than 200 ppm by mass from the viewpoint of wiring corrosion.
- a halogen ion is less than 5 mass ppm, more preferably less than 1 mass ppm, and especially less than 0.5 mass ppm.
- the halogen atom include a chlorine atom and a bromine atom. The total of chlorine atoms and bromine atoms, or chloride ions and bromide ions is preferably in the above range.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention can be prepared by mixing the above components.
- the mixing method is not particularly limited, and can be performed by a conventionally known method.
- the pore size of the filter is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or less.
- the filter material is preferably a polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, or nylon filter. A filter that has been washed in advance with an organic solvent may be used. In the filter filtration step, a plurality of types of filters may be connected in series or in parallel.
- filters having different pore diameters and / or materials may be used in combination.
- various materials may be filtered a plurality of times, and the step of filtering a plurality of times may be a circulating filtration step.
- you may pressurize and filter and the pressure to pressurize is 0.05 MPa or more and 0.3 MPa or less.
- impurities may be removed using an adsorbent.
- filtration using a filter and removal of impurities using an adsorbent may be combined.
- known adsorbents can be used.
- inorganic adsorbents such as silica gel and zeolite, and organic adsorbents such as activated carbon can be used.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention can be cured and used as a cured film. Since the photosensitive resin composition of this invention can form the cured film excellent in heat resistance and insulation, it can be preferably used for the insulating film of a semiconductor device, the interlayer insulation film for rewiring layers, etc. In particular, it can be preferably used for an interlayer insulating film for a rewiring layer in a three-dimensional mounting device. It can also be used as a photoresist for electronics (galvanic resist, galvanic resist, etching resist, solder top resist). It can also be used for the production of printing plates such as offset printing plates or screen printing plates, the etching of molded parts, the production of protective lacquers and dielectric layers in electronics, in particular microelectronics.
- the method for producing a cured film is not particularly defined as long as it is formed using the precursor composition of the present invention or the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention.
- the method for producing a cured film of the present invention comprises the steps of applying the precursor composition of the present invention or the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention to a substrate, and the precursor composition or the photosensitive resin composition applied to the substrate. And a step of curing.
- the photosensitive resin composition is used will be described as an example.
- ⁇ Process for Applying Photosensitive Resin Composition to Substrate Examples of the method for applying the photosensitive resin composition to the substrate include spinning, dipping, doctor blade coating, suspended casting, coating, spraying, electrostatic spraying, reverse roll coating, and the like. Spraying and reverse roll coating are preferred because they can be applied uniformly on the substrate. It is also possible to introduce the photosensitive layer onto a temporary, flexible carrier and then apply the final substrate, for example a copper-coated printed circuit board by layer transfer by lamination.
- Examples of the substrate include inorganic substrates, resins, and resin composite materials.
- Examples of the inorganic substrate include a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a silicon substrate, a silicon nitride substrate, and a composite substrate obtained by depositing molybdenum, titanium, aluminum, copper, or the like on such a substrate.
- polystyrene polycarbonate, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyarylate, allyl diglycol carbonate, polyamide, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyetherimide, Fluorine resin such as polybenzazole, polyphenylene sulfide, polycycloolefin, norbornene resin, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, liquid crystal polymer, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin, ionomer resin, cyanate resin, crosslinked fumaric acid diester, cyclic polyolefin, Groups composed of synthetic resins such as aromatic ethers, maleimide-olefins, cellulose, episulfide compounds, etc. And the like.
- These substrates are rarely used in the above-described form, and usually have a multilayer structure such as a thin film transistor (T)
- the amount to which the photosensitive resin composition is applied (layer thickness) and the type of substrate (layer carrier) depend on the field of application desired. It is particularly advantageous that the photosensitive resin composition can be used in layer thicknesses that can be varied over a wide range.
- the range of the layer thickness is preferably 0.5 to 100 ⁇ m. It is preferable to dry after applying the photosensitive resin composition to the substrate. The drying is preferably performed at 60 to 150 ° C. for 10 seconds to 2 minutes, for example.
- the cyclization reaction of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor proceeds, and a cured film having excellent heat resistance can be formed.
- the heating temperature is preferably 50 to 300 ° C, more preferably 100 to 250 ° C. According to the present invention, since many isomers having a higher cyclization rate are contained, the cyclization reaction of the heterocycle-containing polymer precursor can be performed at a lower temperature.
- the heating rate is preferably 3 to 5 ° C./min, with 20 to 150 ° C. being the heating start temperature.
- the heating time is preferably 180 minutes or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 240 minutes or less.
- the heating time is preferably 90 minutes or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 180 minutes or less.
- the heating temperature is 300 to 380, the heating time is preferably 60 minutes or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 120 minutes or less.
- the cooling rate is preferably 1 to 5 ° C./min. Heating may be performed in stages. For example, the temperature is raised from 20 ° C. to 150 ° C. at 5 ° C./minute, placed at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes, heated from 150 ° C. to 230 ° C. at 5 ° C./minute, and placed at 230 ° C. for 180 minutes. A process is mentioned.
- the heating step is preferably performed in an atmosphere having a low oxygen concentration by flowing an inert gas such as nitrogen, helium, or argon from the viewpoint of preventing the decomposition of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor such as polyimide.
- the oxygen concentration is preferably 50 ppm by volume or less, and more preferably 20 ppm by volume or less.
- the pattern forming step can be performed by, for example, a photolithography method.
- a photolithography method For example, the method of performing through the process of exposing and the process of developing is mentioned.
- the pattern formation by the photolithography method is a photosensitivity containing the above-described heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor, the above-described compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond as a curable compound, and a radical photopolymerization initiator. It is preferable to carry out using a resin composition.
- the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor preferably has an ethylenically unsaturated bond.
- the photosensitive resin composition applied to the substrate is irradiated with a predetermined pattern of actinic rays or radiation.
- the wavelength of the actinic ray or radiation varies depending on the composition of the photosensitive resin composition, but is preferably 200 to 600 nm, and more preferably 300 to 450 nm.
- a light source a low-pressure mercury lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, a chemical lamp, an LED light source, an excimer laser generator, or the like can be used.
- Actinic rays having a wavelength of 300 nm to 450 nm can be preferably used.
- irradiation light can also be adjusted through spectral filters, such as a long wavelength cut filter, a short wavelength cut filter, and a band pass filter, as needed.
- the exposure dose is preferably 1 to 1000 mJ / cm 2 , more preferably 200 to 800 mJ / cm 2 .
- the value of the present invention is high in that it can be developed with high developability in such a wide range.
- various types of exposure machines such as a mirror projection aligner, a stepper, a scanner, a proximity, a contact, a microlens array, a lens scanner, and a laser exposure can be used.
- ⁇ Process for performing development process In the step of developing, an unexposed portion of the photosensitive resin composition is developed using a developer.
- a developer an aqueous alkaline developer, an organic solvent, or the like can be used.
- the alkali compound used in the aqueous alkaline developer include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium silicate, potassium silicate, sodium metasilicate, and metasilicic acid. Examples include potassium, ammonia, and amine.
- amines examples include ethylamine, n-propylamine, diethylamine, di-n-propylamine, triethylamine, methyldiethylamine, alkanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, triethanolamine, quaternary ammonium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide. (TMAH) or tetraethylammonium hydroxide.
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- alkali compounds containing no metal are preferred.
- Suitable aqueous alkaline developers are generally up to 0.5 N with respect to alkali, but may be diluted appropriately prior to use.
- an aqueous alkaline developer having a concentration of about 0.15 to 0.4 N, preferably 0.20 to 0.35 N is also suitable. Only one alkali compound may be used, or two or more alkali compounds may be used. When there are two or more alkali compounds, the total is preferably in the above range.
- an organic solvent the thing similar to the solvent which can be used for the photosensitive resin composition mentioned above can be used. For example, preferred are n-butyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, cyclopentanone, and a mixture thereof. Further, it is preferable to include a step of heating the developed photosensitive resin composition at a temperature of 50 to 500 ° C. after the step of performing the development treatment. By passing through such a process, there exists a merit that pattern intensity increases and durability improves.
- the method for producing a cured film of the present invention can be preferably used for an insulating film of a semiconductor device, an interlayer insulating film for a rewiring layer, and the like. Particularly, since the resolution is good, it can be preferably used for an interlayer insulating film for a rewiring layer in a three-dimensional mounting device. It can also be used as a photoresist for electronics (galvanic resist, galvanic resist, etching resist, solder top resist). Also. It can also be used for the production of printing plates such as offset printing plates or screen printing plates, etching of molded parts, the production of protective lacquers and dielectric layers in electronics, in particular microelectronics.
- a semiconductor device 100 shown in FIG. 1 is a so-called three-dimensional mounting device, and a stacked body 101 in which a plurality of semiconductor elements (semiconductor chips) 101 a to 101 d are stacked is arranged on a wiring board 120.
- the case where the number of stacked semiconductor elements (semiconductor chips) is four will be mainly described.
- the number of stacked semiconductor elements (semiconductor chips) is not particularly limited. It may be a layer, 8 layers, 16 layers, 32 layers or the like. Moreover, one layer may be sufficient.
- Each of the plurality of semiconductor elements 101a to 101d is made of a semiconductor wafer such as a silicon substrate.
- the uppermost semiconductor element 101a does not have a through electrode, and an electrode pad (not shown) is formed on one surface thereof.
- the semiconductor elements 101b to 101d have through electrodes 102b to 102d, and connection pads (not shown) provided integrally with the through electrodes are provided on both surfaces of each semiconductor element.
- the stacked body 101 has a structure in which a semiconductor element 101a having no through electrode and semiconductor elements 101b to 101d having through electrodes 102b to 102d are flip-chip connected. That is, the electrode pad of the semiconductor element 101a having no through electrode and the connection pad on the semiconductor element 101a side of the semiconductor element 101b having the adjacent through electrode 102b are connected by the metal bump 103a such as a solder bump, The connection pad on the other side of the semiconductor element 101b having the electrode 102b is connected to the connection pad on the semiconductor element 101b side of the semiconductor element 101c having the penetrating electrode 102c adjacent thereto by a metal bump 103b such as a solder bump.
- connection pad on the other side of the semiconductor element 101c having the through electrode 102c is connected to the connection pad on the semiconductor element 101c side of the semiconductor element 101d having the adjacent through electrode 102d by the metal bump 103c such as a solder bump. ing.
- An underfill layer 110 is formed in the gaps between the semiconductor elements 101a to 101d, and the semiconductor elements 101a to 101d are stacked via the underfill layer 110.
- the stacked body 101 is stacked on the wiring board 120.
- the wiring substrate 120 for example, a multilayer wiring substrate using an insulating substrate such as a resin substrate, a ceramic substrate, or a glass substrate as a base material is used.
- the wiring board 120 to which the resin board is applied include a multilayer copper-clad laminate (multilayer printed wiring board).
- a surface electrode 120 a is provided on one surface of the wiring board 120.
- An insulating layer 115 in which a rewiring layer 105 is formed is disposed between the wiring substrate 120 and the stacked body 101, and the wiring substrate 120 and the stacked body 101 are electrically connected via the rewiring layer 105. It is connected.
- the insulating layer 115 is formed using the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention. That is, one end of the rewiring layer 105 is connected to an electrode pad formed on the surface of the semiconductor element 101d on the rewiring layer 105 side through a metal bump 103d such as a solder bump.
- the other end of the rewiring layer 105 is connected to the surface electrode 120a of the wiring board via a metal bump 103e such as a solder bump.
- An underfill layer 110 a is formed between the insulating layer 115 and the stacked body 101.
- an underfill layer 110 b is formed between the insulating layer 115 and the wiring substrate 120.
- Mw and Mn of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor are polystyrene conversion values measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and were measured by the following method.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- the eluent was measured using THF (tetrahydrofuran) at 40 ° C. at a flow rate of 0.35 ml / min.
- Ultraviolet (UV) 254 nm detector was used for detection.
- a measurement sample a sample in which a heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor was diluted and adjusted to 0.1% by mass with THF was used.
- the degree of dispersion of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor was calculated from the above Mw and Mn. Further, Mw and Mn in the case of containing two types of polymer precursors were measured on a sample which was mixed at a desired blend ratio and diluted to 0.1% by mass with THF. The degree of dispersion of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor was calculated from the above Mw and Mn.
- This polyimide precursor had a weight average molecular weight of 16000, a number average molecular weight of 7620, and a dispersity of 2.1.
- This polyimide precursor had a weight average molecular weight of 30,000, a number average molecular weight of 13640, and a degree of dispersion of 2.2.
- reaction mixture was then cooled to ⁇ 10 ° C. and 17.1 g of SOCl 2 was added over 60 minutes while maintaining the temperature at ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ° C.
- SOCl 2 was added over 60 minutes while maintaining the temperature at ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ° C.
- a solution of 6.7 g of 1,4-phenylenediamine in 100 ml of N-methylpyrrolidone was added dropwise to the reaction mixture at 5 ⁇ 4 ° C. over 20 minutes.
- the mixture was stirred for 2 hours.
- it was poured into 6 liters of water to precipitate the polyimide precursor, and the water-polyimide precursor mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at a speed of 5000 rpm.
- the polyimide precursor was collected by filtration, poured into 4 liters of water again, stirred for another 30 minutes, and filtered again. Subsequently, the obtained polyimide precursor was dried at 45 ° C. under reduced pressure for 3 days.
- This polyimide precursor had a weight average molecular weight of 23,000, a number average molecular weight of 7670, and a dispersity of 3.0.
- the upper part indicates the type of the precursor compound, and the lower part indicates the blending amount (% by mass).
- Example 1 shows that 20% by mass of A-1 and 20% by mass of A-2 are included as a heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor.
- the upper row indicates the Mw of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor, and the lower row indicates the degree of dispersion of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor.
- Example 1 is a precursor in which A-1 and A-2 are mixed in the quantitative ratio shown in the table. The dispersity of the composition, Mw is shown.).
- (B) Polymerization initiator, (C) polymerizable compound, (D) additive, and (E) solvent compound are as follows.
- B-4 IRGACURE-784 (manufactured by BASF) Metallocene compound
- C Polymerizable compound
- C-1 NK ester M-40G (monofunctional methacrylate, following structure, manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- C-2 NK ester 4G (Shin Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd., bifunctional metallate, following structure)
- C-3 NK ester A-9300 (made by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd., trifunctional acrylate, following structure)
- D Additive D-1: Corrosion inhibitor, 1H-tetrazole
- D-2 Corrosion inhibitor, 1,2,4-triazole
- D-3 Thermal base generator, the following compound, base generation temperature 150 ° C., anion pKa4.2
- D-4 Thermal base generator, the following compound, base generation temperature 150 ° C., anion pKa 1.9
- D-5 Thermal base generator, the following compound, base generation temperature 150 ° C., anion pKa1.9
- D-6 Polymerization inhibitor
- D-7 Photoacid generator, the following compound Q is a hydrogen atom or And 5% of the whole Q is a hydrogen atom.
- Each photosensitive resin composition was subjected to pressure filtration through a filter having a pore width of 0.8 ⁇ m, and then applied to a silicon wafer by spinning (3500 rpm, 30 seconds).
- the silicon wafer to which the photosensitive resin composition was applied was dried on a hot plate at 100 ° C. for 5 minutes to form a uniform photosensitive resin composition layer having a thickness of 16 ⁇ m on the silicon wafer.
- the photosensitive resin composition layer on the silicon wafer was exposed using a stepper (Nikon NSR 2005 i9C). The exposure is performed with i-line, and at a wavelength of 365 nm, using a photomask of 1 ⁇ m increments from 5 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m with each exposure energy of 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 mJ / cm 2. , Exposure was performed.
- the numerical values of 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 are exposure energy used for exposure, and the unit is mJ / cm 2 . From the above results, the exposure latitude of the photosensitive resin composition using the precursor composition of the example was wide. On the other hand, the exposure latitude of the photosensitive resin compositions using the precursor compositions of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 was narrow.
- Example 100 The photosensitive resin composition of Example 1 was subjected to pressure filtration through a filter having a pore width of 0.8 ⁇ m, and then applied to a resin substrate on which a copper thin layer was formed by spinning (3500 rpm, 30 seconds).
- the photosensitive resin composition applied to the resin substrate was dried at 100 ° C. for 5 minutes, and then exposed using an aligner (Karl-Suss MA150). Exposure was performed with a high-pressure mercury lamp, and exposure energy at a wavelength of 365 nm was measured. After exposure, the image was developed with cyclopentanone for 75 seconds. Subsequently, it heated at 180 degreeC for 20 minutes.
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Abstract
Description
このような複素環含有ポリマー前駆体を用いた感光性樹脂組成物として、特許文献1には、(a)下記一般式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリアミド酸エステル100質量部、(b)光重合開始剤1~20質量部、ならびに(c)有機溶媒30~600質量部を含む組成物であって、(c)有機溶媒中に占めるN-エチル-2-ピロリドンおよび/または1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノンの含有量が(c)有機溶媒全量に対して50質量%以上であることを特徴とする感光性樹脂組成物が開示されている。
本発明はかかる課題を解決することを目的としたものであって、露光ラチチュードが広い感光性樹脂組成物を提供することを目的とする。特に、露光ラチチュードが広い感光性樹脂組成物を提供するための前駆体組成物に関する。さらに、前駆体組成物の製造方法、硬化膜、硬化膜の製造方法および半導体デバイスにも関する。
<1>複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の少なくとも一種を含み、
上記複素環含有ポリマー前駆体は、ポリイミド前駆体およびポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体から選択され、
上記複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の重量平均分子量/数平均分子量である分散度が2.5以上である、前駆体組成物。
<2>上記複素環含有ポリマー前駆体が重合性不飽和基を有する、<1>に記載の前駆体組成物。
<3>上記分散度が2.8以上である、<1>または<2>に記載の前駆体組成物。
<4>上記複素環含有ポリマー前駆体として、重量平均分子量および構成する繰り返し単位の少なくとも1種が互いに異なる複素環含有ポリマー前駆体を、2種以上を含む、<1>~<3>のいずれかに記載の前駆体組成物。
<5>上記複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の少なくとも1種が、一般式(1-1)で表される繰り返し単位を有する前駆体である、<1>~<4>のいずれかに記載の前駆体組成物;
<6>上記A1およびA2の少なくとも一方が、酸素原子である、<5>に記載の前駆体組成物。
<7>上記R112は、単結合、または、フッ素原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~10の炭化水素基、-O-、-C(=O)-、-S-、-SO2-および-NHCO-ならびにこれらの組み合わせから選択される基である、<5>または<6>に記載の前駆体組成物。
<8><1>~<7>のいずれかに記載の前駆体組成物と光ラジカル重合開始剤とを含む、感光性樹脂組成物。
<9><1>~<7>のいずれかに記載の前駆体組成物と光酸発生剤とを含む、感光性樹脂組成物。
<10>さらに、硬化性化合物を含む、<8>または<9>に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
<11>上記硬化性化合物が、エチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物を含む、<10>に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
<12>上記硬化性化合物が、エチレン性不飽和基を2個以上含む化合物である、<10>に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
<13>再配線層用層間絶縁膜形成用である、<8>~<12>のいずれかに記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
<14><1>~<7>のいずれかに記載の前駆体組成物の製造方法であって、
複素環含有ポリマー前駆体であって、重量平均分子量が互いに異なる複素環含有ポリマー前駆体を、2種以上を用いることを含み、
上記複素環含有ポリマー前駆体は、ポリイミド前駆体およびポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体から選択される、前駆体組成物の製造方法。
<15><1>~<7>のいずれかに記載の前駆体組成物、または、<8>~<13>のいずれかに記載の感光性樹脂組成物を硬化してなる、硬化膜。
<16>再配線層用層間絶縁膜である、<15>に記載の硬化膜。
<17><1>~<7>のいずれかに記載の前駆体組成物、または、<8>~<13>のいずれかに記載の感光性樹脂組成物を用いることを含む、硬化膜の製造方法。
<18>前駆体組成物または感光性樹脂組成物を基板に適用する工程と、基板に適用された前駆体組成物または感光性樹脂組成物を硬化する工程とを有する、<17>に記載の硬化膜の製造方法。
<19><15>または<16>に記載の硬化膜、あるいは、<17>または<18>に記載の製造方法で製造された硬化膜を有する、半導体デバイス。
本明細書における基(原子団)の表記に於いて、置換および無置換を記していない表記は、置換基を有さないものと共に置換基を有するものをも包含するものである。例えば、「アルキル基」とは、置換基を有さないアルキル基(無置換アルキル基)のみならず、置換基を有するアルキル基(置換アルキル基)をも包含するものである。
本明細書において、「活性光線」とは、例えば、水銀灯の輝線スペクトル、エキシマレーザーに代表される遠紫外線、極紫外線(EUV光)、X線、電子線等を意味する。また、本発明において光とは、活性光線または放射線を意味する。本明細書中における「露光」とは、特に断らない限り、水銀灯、エキシマレーザーに代表される遠紫外線、X線、EUV光などを用いた露光のみならず、電子線、イオンビーム等の粒子線を用いた描画も露光に含める。
本明細書において、「~」を用いて表される数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値を下限値および上限値として含む範囲を意味する。
本明細書において、「(メタ)アクリレート」は、「アクリレート」および「メタクリレート」の双方、または、いずれかを表し、「(メタ)アリル」は、「アリル」および「メタリル」の双方、または、いずれかを表し、「(メタ)アクリル」は、「アクリル」および「メタクリル」の双方、または、いずれかを表し、「(メタ)アクリロイル」は、「アクリロイル」および「メタクリロイル」の双方、または、いずれかを表す。
本明細書において「工程」との語は、独立した工程を意味するだけではなく、他の工程と明確に区別できない場合であってもその工程の所期の作用が達成されれば、本用語に含まれる。
本明細書において、固形分濃度とは、組成物の総質量に対する、溶剤を除く他の成分の質量の質量百分率である。また、固形分濃度は、特に述べない限り25℃における濃度をいう。
本明細書において、重量平均分子量(Mw)および数平均分子量(Mn)は、特に述べない限り、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)測定でのポリスチレン換算値として定義される。本明細書において、重量平均分子量(Mw)および数平均分子量(Mn)は、例えば、HLC-8220(東ソー(株)製)を用い、カラムとしてガードカラムHZ-L、TSKgel Super HZM-M、TSKgel Super HZ4000、TSKgel Super HZ3000、TSKgel Super HZ2000(東ソー(株)製)を用いることによって求めることができる。溶離液は特に述べない限り、THF(テトラヒドロフラン)を用いて測定したものとする。また、検出は特に述べない限り、紫外線(UV)254nm検出器を使用したものとする。
本発明の前駆体組成物は、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の少なくとも一種を含み、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体は、ポリイミド前駆体およびポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体から選択され、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の重量平均分子量/数平均分子量である分散度が2.5以上であることを特徴とする。
このような前駆体組成物を感光性樹脂組成物に用いることにより、感光性樹脂組成物の露光ラチチュードを広くすることが可能になる。感光性樹脂組成物は、ネガ型またはポジ型の現像が行われるが、複素環含有ポリマーの分散度が狭く、重量平均分子量が小さいと、現像液などに含まれる溶剤に溶けやすく、得られる硬化膜の膜減りが大きくなる。一方、複素環含有ポリマーの分散度が狭く、重量平均分子量が大きいと、溶剤に溶けにくく、現像不良を引き起こす。
ここで、通常の方法で作製した複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の分散度は、2.0以上2.5未満である。複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の分散度を、上記範囲よりも高くしようとすると、原材料を一気に混ぜる、原材料を高温で反応させる等、急激に反応させることが必要となる。しかしながら、このような方法は、当然のことながら、従来は全く検討されていないものであった。
また、単に、硬化膜の解像度を向上させるには、分散度は1.0が好ましいことは、公知である。しかしながら、本発明では、あえて、分散度を2.5以上と、大きくすることによって、露光ラチチュードの範囲を広げられることを見出した点に、高い技術的意義がある。
重合性不飽和基としては、エポキシ基、オキセタニル基、エチレン性不飽和結合を有する基、ブロックイソシアネート基、アルコキシメチル基、メチロール基、アミノ基などが挙げられる。なかでも、感度が良好であるという理由からエチレン性不飽和結合を有する基が好ましい。エチレン性不飽和結合を有する基としては、ビニル基、(メタ)アリル基、下記式(III)で表される基などが挙げられる。
式(III)において、R201は、炭素数2~12のアルキレン基、-CH2CH(OH)CH2-、または炭素数4-30のポリオキシアルキレン基を表す。
好適なR201の例は、エチレン、プロピレン、トリメチレン、テトラメチレン、1,2-ブタンジイル、1,3-ブタンジイル、ペンタメチレン、ヘキサメチレン、オクタメチレン、ドデカメチレン、-CH2CH(OH)CH2-が挙げられ、エチレン、プロピレン、トリメチレン、-CH2CH(OH)CH2-が好ましい。
特に好ましくは、R200がメチルで、R201がエチレンである。
分散度は、後述する実施例で記載する方法に従って測定した重量平均分子量(以下、「Mw」ということがある)および数平均分子量(以下、「Mn」ということがある)の値より算出した値とする。但し、実施例で採用する測定機器等が廃版等の理由により入手困難な場合、他の同等の性能を有する測定機器等を用いることができる。以下、他の測定方法についても、同様に考える。
本発明の前駆体組成物は、ポリイミド前駆体およびポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体から選択される複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の少なくとも1種を含む。本発明の前駆体組成物は、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体を2種以上含む場合、ポリイミド前駆体またはポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体のみを2種以上含んでいてもよいし、ポリイミド前駆体1種以上と、ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体1種以上とを含んでいてもよい。本発明では、ポリイミド前駆体またはポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体のみを1種または2種以上含む態様が好ましい。
本発明における複素環含有ポリマー前駆体は、ポリイミド前駆体が好ましい。
以下、ポリイミド前駆体またはポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体の好ましい範囲について、説明する。
本発明で用いるポリイミド前駆体は、ポリイミド化可能である限り、その構造等を特に定めるものではなく、ポリアミドイミド前駆体も含む趣旨である。本発明で用いるポリイミド前駆体は、下記一般式(2)で表される繰り返し単位を含むことが好ましい。
具体的には、以下のジアミンのアミノ基の除去後に残存するジアミン残基などが挙げられる。
1,2-ジアミノエタン、1,2-ジアミノプロパン、1,3-ジアミノプロパン、1,4-ジアミノブタンおよび1,6-ジアミノヘキサン;1,2-または1,3-ジアミノシクロペンタン、1,2-、1,3-または1,4-ジアミノシクロヘキサン、1,2-、1,3-または1,4-ビス(アミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、ビス(4-アミノシクロヘキシル)メタン、ビス(3-アミノシクロヘキシル)メタン、4,4’-ジアミノ-3,3’-ジメチルシクロヘキシルメタンおよびイソホロンジアミン;m-およびp-フェニレンジアミン、ジアミノトルエン、4,4’-および3,3’-ジアミノビフェニル、4,4’-および3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、4,4’-および3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、4,4’-および3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホン、4,4’-および3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルスルフィド、4,4’-および3,3’-ジアミノベンゾフェノン、3,3’-ジメチル-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、2,2’-ジメチル-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、3,3’-ジメトキシ-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、2,2-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2-ビス(3-ヒドロキシ-4-アミノフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3-ヒドロキシ-4-アミノフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)スルホン、ビス(4-アミノ-3-ヒドロキシフェニル)スルホン、4,4’-ジアミノパラテルフェニル、4,4’-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ビフェニル、ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]スルホン、ビス[4-(3-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]スルホン、ビス[4-(2-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]スルホン、1,4-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、9,10-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)アントラセン、3,3’-ジメチル-4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホン、1,3-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、1,3-ビス(3-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、1,3-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)ベンゼン、1,4-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、3,3’-ジエチル-4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、3,3’-ジメチル-4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、4,4’-ジアミノオクタフルオロビフェニル、2,2-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]プロパン、2,2-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]ヘキサフルオロプロパン、9,9-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)-10-ヒドロアントラセン、3,3’,4,4’-テトラアミノビフェニル、3,3’,4,4’-テトラアミノジフェニルエーテル、1,4-ジアミノアントラキノン、1,5-ジアミノアントラキノン、3,3-ジヒドロキシ-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、9,9’-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)フルオレン、4,4’-ジメチル-3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホン、3,3’,5,5’-テトラメチル-4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、2,4-および2,5-ジアミノクメン、2,5-ジメチル-p-フェニレンジアミン、アセトグアナミン、2,3,5,6-テトラメチル-p-フェニレンジアミン、2,4,6-トリメチル-m-フェニレンジアミン、ビス(3-アミノプロピル)テトラメチルジシロキサン、2,7-ジアミノフルオレン、2,5-ジアミノピリジン、1,2-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)エタン、ジアミノベンズアニリド、ジアミノ安息香酸のエステル、1,5-ジアミノナフタレン、ジアミノベンゾトリフルオライド、1,5-ジアミノアントラキノン、1,3-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、1,4-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)オクタフルオロブタン、1,5-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)デカフルオロペンタン、1,7-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)テトラデカフルオロヘプタン、2,2-ビス[4-(3-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2-ビス[4-(2-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)-3,5-ジメチルフェニル]ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)-3,5-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル]ヘキサフルオロプロパン、p-ビス(4-アミノ-2-トリフルオロメチルフェノキシ)ベンゼン、4,4’-ビス(4-アミノ-2-トリフルオロメチルフェノキシ)ビフェニル、4,4’-ビス(4-アミノ-3-トリフルオロメチルフェノキシ)ビフェニル、4,4’-ビス(4-アミノ-2-トリフルオロメチルフェノキシ)ジフェニルスルホン、4,4’-ビス(3-アミノ-5-トリフルオロメチルフェノキシ)ジフェニルスルホン、2,2-ビス[4-(4-アミノ-3-トリフルオロメチルフェノキシ)フェニル]ヘキサフルオロプロパン、3,3’,5,5’-テトラメチル-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、3,3’-ジメトキシ-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、4,4’-ジアミノ-2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)ビフェニル、2,2’,5,5’,6,6’-ヘキサフルオロトリデンおよび4,4’’’-ジアミノクアテルフェニルから選ばれる少なくとも1種のジアミン。
一般式(5)
具体的には、以下のテトラカルボン酸二無水物から無水物基の除去後に残存しているテトラカルボン酸残基などが挙げられる。
ピロメリト酸二無水物(PMDA)、3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ジフェニルスルフィドテトラカルボン酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ジフェニルスルホンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ジフェニルメタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、2,2’,3,3’-ジフェニルメタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、2,3,3’,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物、2,3,3’,4’-ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物、2,3,6,7-ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,4,5,7-ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、2,2-ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)プロパン二無水物、2,2-ビス(2,3-ジカルボキシフェニル)プロパン二無水物、2,2-ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン二無水物、1,3-ジフェニルヘキサフルオロプロパン-3,3,4,4-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,4,5,6-ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、2,2’,3,3’-ジフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物、3,4,9,10-ペリレンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,2,4,5-ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,4,5,8-ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,8,9,10-フェナントレンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,1-ビス(2,3-ジカルボキシフェニル)エタン二無水物、1,1-ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)エタン二無水物、1,2,3,4-ベンゼンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、および、これらの炭素数1~6のアルキルならびに炭素数1~6のアルコキシ誘導体から選ばれる少なくとも1種のテトラカルボン酸二無水物。
R113およびR114が表す1価の有機基としては、現像液への溶解度を向上させる置換基が好ましく用いられる。
R113、R114が、水素原子、2-ヒドロキシベンジル、3-ヒドロキシベンジルおよび4-ヒドロキシベンジルであることが、水性現像液に対する溶解性の点で好ましい。
アルキル基の炭素数は1~30が好ましい。アルキル基は直鎖、分岐、環状のいずれであってもよい。直鎖または分岐のアルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、オクチル基、ノニル基、デシル基、ドデシル基、テトラデシル基、オクダデシル基、イソプロピル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、1-エチルペンチル基、および2-エチルヘキシル基が挙げられる。環状のアルキル基は、単環の環状のアルキル基であってもよく、多環の環状のアルキル基であってもよい。単環の環状のアルキル基としては、例えば、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘプチル基、」およびシクロオクチル基が挙げられる。多環の環状のアルキル基としては、例えば、アダマンチル基、ノルボルニル基、ボルニル基、カンフェニル基、デカヒドロナフチル基、トリシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、カンホロイル基、ジシクロヘキシル基、およびピネニル基が挙げられる。中でも、高感度化との両立の観点から、シクロヘキシル基が最も好ましい。また、アリール基で置換されたアルキル基としては、後述するアリール基で置換された直鎖アルキル基が好ましい。
アリール基としては、具体的には、置換または無置換のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ペンタレン環、インデン環、アズレン環、ヘプタレン環、インデセン環、ペリレン環、ペンタセン環、アセナフテン環、フェナントレン環、アントラセン環、ナフタセン環、クリセン環、トリフェニレン環、フルオレン環、ビフェニル環、ピロール環、フラン環、チオフェン環、イミダゾール環、オキサゾール環、チアゾール環、ピリジン環、ピラジン環、ピリミジン環、ピリダジン環、インドリジン環、インドール環、ベンゾフラン環、ベンゾチオフェン環、イソベンゾフラン環、キノリジン環、キノリン環、フタラジン環、ナフチリジン環、キノキサリン環、キノキサゾリン環、イソキノリン環、カルバゾール環、フェナントリジン環、アクリジン環、フェナントロリン環、チアントレン環、クロメン環、キサンテン環、フェノキサチイン環、フェノチアジン環またはフェナジン環である。ベンゼン環が最も好ましい。
R112は、一般式(5)におけるR112と同義であり、好ましい範囲も同様である。
本発明で用いるポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体は、ポリベンゾオキサゾール化可能な化合物であれば、その構造等、特に限定はないが、下記一般式(3)で表される化合物であることが好ましい。
2価のアリール基の例としては、下記が挙げられる。
Ar(NH2)2(OH)2 ・・・(A)
式中、Arはアリール基である。
閉環に伴う反りの発生を抑制できる点で、下記一般式(SL)で表されるジアミン残基を他の種類の繰り返し構造単位として含むことが好ましい。
なお、ジカルボン酸の場合には反応収率等を高めるため、1-ヒドロキシ-1,2,3-ベンゾトリアゾール等を予め反応させた活性エステル型のジカルボン酸誘導体を用いてもよい。
本発明の前駆体組成物の製造方法としては、特に定めるものではないが、以下の態様が例示される。
(1)複素環含有ポリマー前駆体であって、互いに重量平均分子量が異なり、構成する繰り返し単位(すなわち、繰り返し単位を構成する原料モノマー)が同じである複素環含有ポリマー前駆体を、2種以上を用いて製造することができる。
このように重量平均分子量が異なる複素環含有ポリマー前駆体を2種以上ブレンドすることにより、所望の分散度を満たす前駆体組成物が得られる。また、このような前駆体組成物は、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の構造が1種であるため、露光ラチチュードに特に優れた組成物が得られる。
本形態の一例として、Mwが10000~20000の複素環含有ポリマー前駆体と、Mwが28000~42000の複素環含有ポリマー前駆体を、質量比で、0.8~1.2:1.2~0.8でブレンドする形態が例示される。
尚、本態様において、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体であって、構成する繰り返し単位が同じである複素環含有ポリマー前駆体とは、本発明の前駆体組成物に含まれる複素環含有ポリマー前駆体が有する繰り返し単位を構成する原料モノマーが共通していることを言い、共重合体の場合には、原料モノマーの共重合比の異なる複素環含有ポリマー前駆体を含むことは言うまでもない。
本形態の一例として、Mwが10000~20000の複素環含有ポリマー前駆体と、Mwが28000~42000の複素環含有ポリマー前駆体を、質量比で、0.8~1.2:1.2~0.8でブレンドする形態が例示される。
(3)複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の反応条件を工夫することによって、1種の複素環含有ポリマー前駆体を用いて、所望の分散度を有するように合成することができる。
具体的には、本発明の複素環含有ポリマー前駆体は、通常、ジアミン化合物とジカルボン酸またはジアミン化合物とジカルボン酸ハロゲン化物の重縮合反応により合成されるが、両原料の反応を不均一にさせる条件、具体的には、例えば反応温度を高くする、混合時間を早くする等の反応制御により所望の分散度の前駆体を合成可能である。
本発明の前駆体組成物の用途は特に定めるものではなく、ポリイミドやポリベンゾオキサゾールを用いる各種用途に広く採用できる。
本発明では特に、ポジ型またはネガ型の感光性樹脂組成物に配合して好ましく用いられ、ネガ型の感光性樹脂組成物に配合してより好ましく用いられる。
また、ポリイミドやポリベンゾオキサゾールは熱に強いため、本発明の前駆体組成物を硬化してなる硬化膜は、液晶ディスプレイ、電子ペーパーなどの表示装置用の透明プラスチック基板、自動車部品、耐熱塗料、コーティング剤、フィルム用途としても好適に利用できる。
次に、本発明の感光性樹脂組成物について説明する。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物の第一の実施形態は、本発明の前駆体組成物と光ラジカル重合開始剤とを含む。このような感光性樹脂組成物は、ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物として好ましく用いられる。ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物として用いられる場合、本発明の前駆体組成物に含まれる複素環含有ポリマー前駆体が重合性不飽和基を有するか、硬化性化合物を含むことが好ましい。感光性樹脂組成物がネガ型感光性樹脂組成物である場合、硬化性化合物としては、エチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物を含むことが好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物の第二の実施形態は、本発明の前駆体組成物と光酸発生剤とを含む。このような感光性樹脂組成物は、ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物として好ましく用いられる。ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物として用いられる場合、硬化性組成物を含むことが好ましい。感光性樹脂組成物が、ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物である場合、硬化性化合物としては、ヒドロキシメチル基、アルコキシメチル基またはアシルオキシメチル基を有する化合物、エポキシ化合物、オキセタン化合物およびベンゾオキサジン化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物が好ましい。
さらに、ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物は、増感剤、重合禁止剤等を含んでいても良い。また、これら以外の成分も含んでいても良いことは言うまでもない。
一方、ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物は、フェノール性OH基を含む樹脂を含んでいてもよい。また、これら以外の成分も含んでいても良いことは言うまでもない。
これらの成分の詳細は後述する。
特に、ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物の場合、本発明の前駆体組成物がポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体を含むことが好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、また、閉環構造のポリイミドやポリベンゾオキサゾール等を含んでいてもよい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物に含まれる複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の分散度は、上記本発明の前駆体組成物の分散度と同義であり、好ましい範囲も同様である。
以下、本発明の感光性樹脂組成物が含みうる成分について説明する。本発明はこれら以外の成分を含んでいてもよく、また、これらの成分を必須とするわけではないことは言うまでもない。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物が、アルカリ現像性のポジ型である場合、フェノール性OH基を含む樹脂を含むことが、アルカリ現像液への溶解性を調整し、良好な感度が得られる点で好ましい。
フェノール性OH基を含む樹脂としては、ノボラック樹脂、およびポリヒドロキシスチレン樹脂が好ましい例として挙げられる。
ノボラック樹脂は、フェノール類とアルデヒド類とを公知の方法で重縮合することによって得られる。ノボラック樹脂は2種以上組み合わせてもよい。
上記フェノール類の好ましい例としては、フェノール、o-クレゾール、m-クレゾール、p-クレゾール、2,3-キシレノール、2,5-キシレノール、3,4-キシレノール、3,5-キシレノール、2,3,5-トリメチルフェノール、3,4,5-トリメチルフェノール等を挙げることができる。特に、フェノール、m-クレゾール、p-クレゾール、2,3-キシレノール、2,5-キシレノール、3,4-キシレノール、3,5-キシレノールおよび2,3,5-トリメチルフェノールが好ましい。これらのフェノール類を2種以上組み合わせて用いてもよい。アルカリ現像液に対する溶解性の観点から、m-クレゾールが好ましい。また、m-クレゾールとp-クレゾールとの組み合わせも好ましい。すなわち、ノボラック樹脂として、m-クレゾール残基、または、m-クレゾール残基とp-クレゾール残基とを含むクレゾールノボラック樹脂を含むことが好ましい。このとき、クレゾールノボラック樹脂中のm-クレゾール残基とp-クレゾール残基とのモル比(m-クレゾール残基/p-クレゾール残基、m/p)は1.8以上が好ましい。この範囲であればアルカリ現像液への適度な溶解性を示し、良好な感度が得られる。より好ましくは4以上である。
また、上記アルデヒド類の好ましい例としては、ホルマリン、パラホルムアルデヒド、アセトアルデヒド、ベンズアルデヒド、ヒドロキシベンズアルデヒド、クロロアセトアルデヒド等を挙げることができる。これらのアルデヒド類を2種以上用いてもよい。
上記フェノール化合物に、置換基の数が1以上3以下、好ましくは2以上3以下のフェノール化合物を用いることで、分子内回転を抑制し、感光性樹脂組成物に必要な十分な耐熱性を持ったフェノール樹脂を得ることができる。
ヒドロキシスチレン樹脂は、ヒドロキシスチレンおよび/またはその誘導体を含む重合体であり、特に限定されないが、ヒドロキシスチレンおよび/またはその誘導体と、これら以外のモノマーとを含む共重合体でもよい。ここで用いるモノマーとしては、例えばエチレン、プロピレン、1-ブテン、2-メチルプロペン、スチレンおよびその誘導体等が挙げられる。中でも、アルカリ水溶液への溶解性を容易に調整できる観点から、ヒドロキシスチレンおよび/またはその誘導体と、スチレンおよび/またはその誘導体とから構成されている共重合体が好ましい。上記の誘導体とは、ヒドロキシスチレンおよびスチレンの芳香環のオルト、メタ、パラ位にアルキル基、アルコキシル基、ヒドロキシル基などが置換されたものである。ヒドロキシスチレン樹脂のヒドロキシスチレンは、オルトヒドロキシスチレン、メタヒドロキスチレン、パラヒドロキシスチレンのいずれでも構わない。また、上記ヒドロキシスチレンが複数混在していても構わない。
フェノール性水酸基を有する芳香族ビニル化合物は、p-ヒドロキシスチレンおよび/またはm-ヒドロキシスチレンが好ましく用いられ、芳香族ビニル化合物は、スチレンが好ましく用いられる。
ヒドロキシスチレン樹脂の含有量は、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体100質量部に対し、1質量部以上70質量部以下であることが好ましく、10質量部以上70質量部以下であることがより好ましい。この範囲であれば、高感度かつ、高温での熱処理後にフローしないパターンが得られる。ヒドロキシスチレン樹脂は、1種のみ用いても、2種以上用いてもよい。2種以上用いる場合は、合計量が上記範囲となることが好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、上記複素環含有ポリマー前駆体以外の硬化性化合物を含有する。硬化性化合物を含有させることにより、より耐熱性に優れた硬化膜を形成することができる。更には、フォトリソグラフィ法にてパターン形成を行うこともできる。
硬化性化合物は、1種のみ用いても、2種以上用いてもよい。
硬化性化合物は、硬化性基を有する化合物であって、ラジカル、酸、塩基などにより架橋反応が可能な公知の化合物を用いることができる。硬化性基とは、活性光線、放射線、ラジカル、酸、または塩基の作用により、架橋反応することが可能な基であって、好ましい例として、エチレン性不飽和結合を有する基、ヒドロキシメチル基、アシルオキシメチル基、アルコキシメチル基、エポキシ基、オキセタニル基、ベンゾオキサゾリル基が挙げられる。本発明で用いるエチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物としては、エチレン性不飽和基を2個以上含む化合物であることがより好ましく、エチレン性不飽和基を2~6個含む化合物であることがさらに好ましく、エチレン性不飽和基を2~4個含む化合物であることが特に好ましい。
硬化性化合物は、例えば、モノマー、プレポリマー、オリゴマーおよびそれらの混合物並びにそれらの多量体などの化学的形態のいずれであってもよい。エチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物は、モノマーであることが好ましい。
また、オリゴマータイプの硬化性化合物は、典型的には比較的低い分子量の重合体であり、10個から100個の硬化性モノマーが結合した重合体であることが好ましい。分子量としては、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)法でのポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量が、2000~20000であることが好ましく、2000~15000がより好ましく、2000~10000であることがさらに好ましい。
硬化性化合物は、解像性の観点から、硬化性基を2個以上含む2官能以上の硬化性化合物を少なくとも1種含むことが好ましく、3官能以上の硬化性化合物を少なくとも1種含むことがより好ましい。
また、本発明における硬化性化合物は、三次元架橋構造を形成して耐熱性を向上できるという点から、3官能以上の硬化性化合物を少なくとも1種含むことが好ましい。また、2官能以下の硬化性化合物と3官能以上の硬化性化合物との混合物であってもよい。
エチレン性不飽和結合を有する基としては、スチリル基、ビニル基、(メタ)アクリロイル基および(メタ)アリル基が好ましく、(メタ)アクリロイル基がより好ましい。
また、特開昭51-37193号公報、特公平2-32293号公報、特公平2-16765号公報に記載されているようなウレタンアクリレート類や、特公昭58-49860号公報、特公昭56-17654号公報、特公昭62-39417号公報、特公昭62-39418号公報に記載のエチレンオキサイド系骨格を有するウレタン化合物類も好適である。
また、その他の好ましいエチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物として、特開2010-160418号公報、特開2010-129825号公報、特許第4364216号公報等に記載される、フルオレン環を有し、エチレン性不飽和結合を有する基を2個以上有する化合物、カルド樹脂も使用することが可能である。
さらに、その他の例としては、特公昭46-43946号公報、特公平1-40337号公報、特公平1-40336号公報に記載の特定の不飽和化合物や、特開平2-25493号公報に記載のビニルホスホン酸系化合物等も挙げることができる。また、ある場合には、特開昭61-22048号公報に記載のペルフルオロアルキル基を含む構造が好適に使用される。さらに日本接着協会誌vol.20、No.7、300~308ページ(1984年)に光硬化性モノマーおよびオリゴマーとして紹介されているものも使用することができる。
上記一般式(MO-1)~(MO-5)で表される重合性化合物の各々において、複数のRの内の少なくとも1つは、-OC(=O)CH=CH2、または、-OC(=O)C(CH3)=CH2で表される基を表す。
上記一般式(MO-1)~(MO-5)で表される、エチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物の具体例としては、特開2007-269779号公報の段落番号0248~0251に記載されている化合物を本発明においても好適に用いることができる。
酸基を有する多官能モノマーは、1種を単独で用いてもよいが、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。また、必要に応じて酸基を有しない多官能モノマーと酸基を有する多官能モノマーを併用してもよい。
酸基を有する多官能モノマーの好ましい酸価としては、0.1~40mgKOH/gであり、特に好ましくは5~30mgKOH/gである。多官能モノマーの酸価が上記範囲であれば、製造や取扱性に優れ、更には、現像性に優れる。また、硬化性が良好である。
カプロラクトン構造とエチレン性不飽和結合とを有する化合物としては、分子内にカプロラクトン構造を有する限り特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、トリメチロールエタン、ジトリメチロールエタン、トリメチロールプロパン、ジトリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトール、ジペンタエリスリトール、トリペンタエリスリトール、グリセリン、ジグリセロール、トリメチロールメラミン等の多価アルコールと、(メタ)アクリル酸およびε-カプロラクトンをエステル化することにより得られる、ε-カプロラクトン変性多官能(メタ)アクリレートを挙げることができる。なかでも下記一般式(C)で表されるカプロラクトン構造を有する重合性化合物が好ましい。
本発明において、カプロラクトン構造とエチレン性不飽和結合とを有する化合物は、単独でまたは2種以上を混合して使用することができる。
一般式(i)中、(メタ)アクリロイル基の合計は3個または4個であり、mは各々独立に0~10の整数を表し、各mの合計は0~40の整数である。但し、各mの合計が0の場合、Xのうちいずれか1つはカルボキシ基である。
一般式(ii)中、(メタ)アクリロイル基の合計は5個または6個であり、nは各々独立に0~10の整数を表し、各nの合計は0~60の整数である。但し、各nの合計が0の場合、Xのうちいずれか1つはカルボキシ基である。
また、各mの合計は、2~40の整数が好ましく、2~16の整数がより好ましく、4~8の整数が特に好ましい。
一般式(ii)中、nは、0~6の整数が好ましく、0~4の整数がより好ましい。
また、各nの合計は、3~60の整数が好ましく、3~24の整数がより好ましく、6~12の整数が特に好ましい。
一般式(i)または一般式(ii)中の-((CH2)yCH2O)-または-((CH2)yCH(CH3)O)-は、酸素原子側の末端がXに結合する形態が好ましい。特に、一般式(ii)において、6個のX全てがアクリロイル基である形態が好ましい。
具体的には、下記式(a)~(f)で表される化合物(以下、「例示化合物(a)~(f)」ともいう。)が挙げられ、中でも、例示化合物(a)、(b)、(e)、(f)が好ましい。
エチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物の市販品としては、ウレタンオリゴマーUAS-10、UAB-140(山陽国策パルプ社製)、NKエステルM-40G、NKエステル4G、NKエステルM-9300、NKエステルA-9300、UA-7200(新中村化学工業(株)製)、DPHA-40H(日本化薬製)、UA-306H、UA-306T、UA-306I、AH-600、T-600、AI-600(共栄社化学(株)製)、ブレンマーPME400(日油(株)製)などが挙げられる。
また、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体とエチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物との質量割合(複素環含有ポリマー前駆体/重合性化合物)は、98/2~10/90が好ましく、95/5~30/70がより好ましく、90/10~50/50がさらに好ましく、90/10~70/30が一層好ましい。複素環含有ポリマー前駆体とエチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物との質量割合が上記範囲であれば、硬化性および耐熱性により優れた硬化膜を形成できる。
エチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物は、1種のみ用いても、2種以上用いてもよい。2種以上用いる場合は、合計量が上記範囲となることが好ましい。
ヒドロキシメチル基、アルコキシメチル基またはアシルオキシメチル基を有する化合物としては、下記一般式(AM1)で示される化合物が好ましい。
また、全硬化性化合物中、下記一般式(AM4)で表される化合物を10質量%以上90質量%以下含有し、下記一般式(AM5)で表される化合物を全熱架橋剤中10質量%以上90質量%以下含有することも好ましい。
これらの化合物は、1種のみ用いても、2種以上用いてもよい。2種以上用いる場合は、合計量が上記範囲となることが好ましい。
エポキシ化合物としては、一分子中にエポキシ基を2以上有する化合物であることが好ましい。エポキシ化合物は、200℃以下で架橋反応し、かつ、架橋反応において脱水反応が起こらないため、膜収縮が起きにくい。このため、エポキシ化合物を含有することは、感光性樹脂組成物の低温硬化および低反り化に効果的である。
エポキシ化合物は、1種のみ用いても、2種以上用いてもよい。2種以上用いる場合は、合計量が上記範囲となることが好ましい。
オキセタン化合物としては、一分子中にオキセタン環を2つ以上有する化合物、3-エチル-3-ヒドロキシメチルオキセタン、1,4-ビス{[(3-エチル-3-オキセタニル)メトキシ]メチル}ベンゼン、3-エチル-3-(2-エチルヘキシルメチル)オキセタン、1,4-ベンゼンジカルボン酸-ビス[(3-エチル-3-オキセタニル)メチル]エステル等を挙げることができる。具体的な例としては、東亞合成社製のアロンオキセタンシリーズ(例えば、OXT-121、OXT-221、OXT-191、OXT-223)を好適に使用することができ、これらは単独で、あるいは2種以上混合してもよい。
オキセタン化合物は、1種のみ用いても、2種以上用いてもよい。2種以上用いる場合は、合計量が上記範囲となることが好ましい。
ベンゾオキサジン化合物は、開環付加反応により架橋反応が生じるため、キュアによる脱ガスが発生せず、さらに熱による収縮が小さい。このため反りの発生を抑制できる。
ベンゾオキサジン化合物は、1種のみ用いても、2種以上用いてもよい。2種以上用いる場合は、合計量が上記範囲となることが好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、光ラジカル重合開始剤を含有しても良い。感光性樹脂組成物が光ラジカル重合開始剤を含むことにより、感光性樹脂組成物を半導体ウエハなどに適用して層状の組成物層を形成した後、光を照射することで、ラジカルによって硬化が起こり、光照射部における溶解性を低下させることができる。このため、例えば、電極部のみをマスクしたパターンを持つフォトマスクを介して上記組成物層を露光することで、電極のパターンにしたがって、溶解性の異なる領域を簡便に作製できるという利点がある。
光ラジカル重合開始剤としては、約300~800nm(好ましくは330~500nm)の範囲内に少なくとも約50の分子吸光係数を有する化合物を、少なくとも1種含有していることが好ましい。化合物の分子吸光係数は、公知の方法を用いて測定することができる。例えば、紫外可視分光光度計(Varian社製Cary-5 spectrophotometer)にて、酢酸エチル溶媒を用い、0.01g/Lの濃度で測定することが好ましい。
市販品では、カヤキュアーDETX(日本化薬製)も好適に用いられる。
ヒドロキシアセトフェノン系開始剤としては、IRGACURE-184(IRGACUREは登録商標)、DAROCUR-1173、IRGACURE-500、IRGACURE-2959、IRGACURE-127(商品名:いずれもBASF社製)を用いることができる。
アミノアセトフェノン系開始剤としては、市販品であるIRGACURE-907、IRGACURE-369、および、IRGACURE-379(商品名:いずれもBASF社製)を用いることができる。
アミノアセトフェノン系開始剤として、365nmまたは405nm等の長波光源に吸収波長がマッチングされた、特開2009-191179号公報に記載の化合物も用いることができる。
アシルホスフィン系開始剤としては、市販品であるIRGACURE-819やDAROCUR-TPO(商品名:いずれもBASF社製)を用いることができる。
好ましいオキシム化合物としては、例えば、3-ベンゾイルオキシイミノブタン-2-オン、3-アセトキシイミノブタン-2-オン、3-プロピオニルオキシイミノブタン-2-オン、2-アセトキシイミノペンタン-3-オン、2-アセトキシイミノ-1-フェニルプロパン-1-オン、2-ベンゾイルオキシイミノ-1-フェニルプロパン-1-オン、3-(4-トルエンスルホニルオキシ)イミノブタン-2-オン、および2-エトキシカルボニルオキシイミノ-1-フェニルプロパン-1-オンなどが挙げられる。
市販品ではIRGACURE-OXE01(BASF社製)、IRGACURE-OXE02(BASF社製)、N-1919(ADEKA社製)も好適に用いられる。
また、特開2007-231000号公報、および、特開2007-322744号公報に記載される環状オキシム化合物も好適に用いることができる。環状オキシム化合物の中でも、特に特開2010-32985号公報、特開2010-185072号公報に記載される、カルバゾール色素に縮環した環状オキシム化合物は、高い光吸収性を有し、高感度化の観点から好ましい。
また、オキシム化合物の特定部位に不飽和結合を有する化合物である、特開2009-242469号公報に記載の化合物も好適に使用することができる。
また、フッ素原子を有するオキシム化合物を用いることも可能である。そのようなオキシム化合物の具体例としては、特開2010-262028号公報に記載されている化合物、特表2014-500852号公報の段落番号0345に記載されている化合物24、36~40、特開2013-164471号公報の段落番号0101に記載されている化合物(C-3)などが挙げられる。具体例としては、以下の化合物が挙げられる。
より好ましくは、トリハロメチルトリアジン化合物、α-アミノケトン化合物、アシルホスフィン化合物、フォスフィンオキサイド化合物、メタロセン化合物、オキシム化合物、トリアリールイミダゾールダイマー、オニウム化合物、ベンゾフェノン化合物、アセトフェノン化合物であり、さらに好ましくは、トリハロメチルトリアジン化合物、α-アミノケトン化合物、メタロセン化合物、オキシム化合物、トリアリールイミダゾールダイマー、ベンゾフェノン化合物であり、一層好ましくは、メタロセン化合物、およびオキシム化合物であり、より好ましくはオキシム化合物である。
光ラジカル重合開始剤は1種のみでもよいし、2種以上であってもよい。光ラジカル重合開始剤が2種以上の場合は、その合計が上記範囲であることが好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、光酸発生剤を含有していてもよい。光酸発生剤を含有することにより、露光部に酸が発生し、露光部のアルカリ水溶液に対する溶解性が増大するため、ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物として用いることができる。
一例としては、下記化合物が例示される。
光酸発生剤は、1種のみ用いても、2種以上用いてもよい。2種以上用いる場合は、合計量が上記範囲となることが好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、光塩基発生剤を含んでいてもよい。光塩基発生剤とは、露光により塩基を発生するものであり、常温常圧の通常の条件下では活性を示さないが、外部刺激として電磁波の照射と加熱が行なわれると、塩基(塩基性物質)を発生するものであれば特に限定されるものではない。露光により発生した塩基は複素環含有ポリマー前駆体を加熱により硬化させる際の触媒として働くため、ネガ型において好適に用いることができる。
本発明に用いることができる光塩基発生剤は、特に限定されず公知のものを用いることができ、例えば、カルバメート誘導体、アミド誘導体、イミド誘導体、αコバルト錯体類、イミダゾール誘導体、桂皮酸アミド誘導体、オキシム誘導体等が挙げられる。
発生する塩基性物質は、より塩基性度の高いアミノ基を有する化合物が好ましい。複素環含有ポリマー前駆体のイミド化における脱水縮合反応等に対する触媒作用が強く、より少量の添加で、より低い温度での脱水縮合反応等における触媒効果の発現が可能となるからである。つまりは、発生した塩基性物質の触媒効果が大きい為、感光性樹脂組成物としての見た目の感度が向上する。
上記触媒効果の観点からアミジン、脂肪族アミンであることが好ましい。
本発明に係る塩基発生剤としては、例えば、特開2009-80452号公報および国際公開第2009/123122号公報に開示されたような桂皮酸アミド構造を有する塩基発生剤、特開2006-189591号公報および特開2008-247747号公報に開示されたようなカルバメート構造を有する塩基発生剤、特開2007-249013号公報および特開2008-003581号公報に開示されたようなオキシム構造、カルバモイルオキシム構造を有する塩基発生剤等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されず、その他にも公知の塩基発生剤の構造を用いることができる。
イオン性化合物としては、例えば下記構造式のものが挙げられる。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、熱塩基発生剤を含んでいてもよい。
熱塩基発生剤は、その種類等は特に定めるものではないが、40℃以上に加熱すると塩基を発生する酸性化合物、および、pKa1が0~4のアニオンとアンモニウムカチオンとを有するアンモニウム塩から選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む熱塩基発生剤を含むことが好ましい。ここで、pKa1とは、多価の酸の第一のプロトンの解離定数(Ka)の対数表示(-Log10Ka)を示す。
このような化合物を配合することにより、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の環化反応を低温で行うことができ、また、より安定性に優れた感光性樹脂組成物とすることができる。また、熱塩基発生剤は、加熱しなければ塩基を発生しないので、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体と共存させても、保存中における複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の環化を抑制でき、保存安定性に優れている。
上記酸性化合物(A1)および上記アンモニウム塩(A2)は、加熱すると塩基を発生するので、これらの化合物から発生した塩基により、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の環化反応を促進でき、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の環化を低温で行うことができる。また、これらの化合物は、塩基により環化して硬化する複素環含有ポリマー前駆体と共存させても、加熱しなければ複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の環化が殆ど進行しないので、安定性に優れた前駆体組成物を調製することができる。
なお、本明細書において、酸性化合物とは、化合物を容器に1g採取し、イオン交換水とテトラヒドロフランとの混合液(質量比は水/テトラヒドロフラン=1/4)を50ml加えて、室温で1時間攪拌し、得られた溶液をpH(potential hydrogen)メーターを用いて、20℃にて測定した値が7未満である化合物を意味する。
酸性化合物(A1)およびアンモニウム塩(A2)の塩基発生温度が120℃以上であれば、保存中に塩基が発生しにくいので、安定性に優れた前駆体組成物を調製することができる。酸性化合物(A1)およびアンモニウム塩(A2)の塩基発生温度が200℃以下であれば、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の環化温度を低くすることができる。塩基発生温度は、例えば、示差走査熱量測定を用い、化合物を耐圧カプセル中5℃/分で250℃まで加熱し、最も温度が低い発熱ピークのピーク温度を読み取り、ピーク温度を塩基発生温度として測定することができる。
本発明において、アンモニウム塩とは、下記一般式(1)、または一般式(2)で表されるアンモニウムカチオンと、アニオンとの塩を意味する。アニオンは、アンモニウムカチオンのいずれかの一部と共有結合を介して結合していてもよく、アンモニウムカチオンの分子外に有ってもよいが、アンモニウムカチオンの分子外に有ることが好ましい。なお、アニオンが、アンモニウムカチオンの分子外に有るとは、アンモニウムカチオンとアニオンが共有結合を介して結合していない場合をいう。以下、カチオン部の分子外のアニオンを対アニオンともいう。
アニオンの種類は、カルボン酸アニオン、フェノールアニオン、リン酸アニオンおよび硫酸アニオンから選ばれる1種が好ましく、塩の安定性と熱分解性を両立させられるという理由からカルボン酸アニオンがより好ましい。すなわち、アンモニウム塩は、アンモニウムカチオンとカルボン酸アニオンとの塩がより好ましい。
カルボン酸アニオンは、2個以上のカルボキシ基を持つ2価以上のカルボン酸のアニオンが好ましく、2価のカルボン酸のアニオンがより好ましい。この態様によれば、前駆体組成物の安定性、硬化性および現像性をより向上できる熱塩基発生剤とすることができる。特に、2価のカルボン酸のアニオンを用いることで、前駆体組成物の安定性、硬化性および現像性をさらに向上できる。
本発明において、カルボン酸アニオンは、pKa1が4以下のカルボン酸のアニオンであることが好ましい。pKa1は、3.5以下がより好ましく、3.2以下がさらに好ましい。この態様によれば、前駆体組成物の安定性をより向上できる。
ここでpKa1とは、酸の第一解離定数の逆数の対数を表し、Determination of Organic Structures by Physical Methods(著者:Brown, H. C., McDaniel, D. H., Hafliger, O., Nachod, F. C.; 編纂:Braude, E. A., Nachod, F. C.; Academic Press, New York, 1955)や、Data for Biochemical Research(著者:Dawson, R.M.C.et al; Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1959)に記載の値を参照することができる。これらの文献に記載の無い化合物については、ACD/pKa(ACD/Labs製)のソフトを用いて構造式より算出した値を用いることとする。
σmが正の値を示す置換基の例としては例えば、CF3基(σm=0.43)、CF3CO基(σm=0.63)、HC≡C基(σm=0.21)、CH2=CH基(σm=0.06)、Ac基(σm=0.38)、MeOCO基(σm=0.37)、MeCOCH=CH基(σm=0.21)、PhCO基(σm=0.34)、H2NCOCH2基(σm=0.06)などが挙げられる。なお、Meはメチル基を表し、Acはアセチル基を表し、Phはフェニル基を表す。
アルキル基の炭素数は、1~30が好ましく、1~20がより好ましく、1~10がさらに好ましい。アルキル基は直鎖、分岐、環状のいずれであってもよく、直鎖または分岐が好ましく、直鎖がより好ましい。アルキル基は、置換基を有していてもよく、無置換であってもよい。置換基としては、後述するA1が表す有機基が有していてもよい置換基で説明したものが挙げられる。置換基としては、カルボキシ基が好ましい。
アルケニル基の炭素数は、2~30が好ましく、2~20がより好ましく、2~10がさらに好ましい。アルケニル基は直鎖、分岐、環状のいずれであってもよく、直鎖または分岐が好ましく、直鎖がより好ましい。アルケニル基は、置換基を有していてもよく、無置換であってもよい。置換基としては、後述するA1が表す有機基が有していてもよい置換基で説明したものが挙げられる。置換基としては、カルボキシ基が好ましい。
アリール基の炭素数は、6~30が好ましく、6~20がより好ましく、6~12がさらに好ましい。アリール基は、置換基を有していてもよく、無置換であってもよい。置換基としては、後述するA1が表す有機基が有していてもよい置換基で説明したものが挙げられる。置換基としては、カルボキシ基が好ましい。
L10が表すアルケニレン基の炭素数は、2~30が好ましく、2~20がより好ましく、2~10がさらに好ましい。アルケニレン基は直鎖、分岐、環状のいずれであってもよく、直鎖または分岐が好ましく、直鎖がより好ましい。アルケニレン基は、置換基を有していてもよく、無置換であってもよい。置換基としては、後述するA1が表す有機基が有していてもよい置換基で説明したものが挙げられる。
L10が表すアリーレン基の炭素数は、6~30が好ましく、6~20がより好ましく、6~12がさらに好ましい。アリーレン基は、置換基を有していてもよく、無置換であってもよい。置換基としては、後述するA1が表す有機基が有していてもよい置換基で説明したものが挙げられる。
RXが表すアルケニル基の炭素数は、2~30が好ましく、2~20がより好ましく、2~10がさらに好ましい。アルケニル基は直鎖、分岐、環状のいずれであってもよく、直鎖または分岐が好ましく、直鎖がより好ましい。アルケニル基は、置換基を有していてもよく、無置換であってもよい。置換基としては、後述するA1が表す有機基が有していてもよい置換基で説明したものが挙げられる。
RXが表すアリール基の炭素数は、6~30が好ましく、6~20がより好ましく、6~12がさらに好ましい。アリール基は、置換基を有していてもよく、無置換であってもよい。置換基としては、後述するA1が表す有機基が有していてもよい置換基で説明したものが挙げられる。
R102~R111は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、または、炭化水素基を表し、
R150およびR151は、それぞれ独立に、炭化水素基を表し、
R104とR105、R104とR150、R107とR108、および、R109とR110は、互いに結合して環を形成していてもよく、
Ar101およびAr102は、それぞれ独立に、アリール基を表し、
nは、1以上の整数を表し、
mは、0~5の整数を表す。
R101は、アリール基であることが好ましい。アリール基の具体例としては、後述するAr10で説明したものが挙げられる。
R102~R111、R150およびR151が表す炭化水素基としては、アルキル基、アルケニル基またはアリール基が好ましい。アルキル基、アルケニル基およびアリール基はさらに置換基を有していてもよい。置換基としては、後述するA1が表す有機基が有していてもよい置換基で説明したものが挙げられる。
アルケニル基の炭素数は、2~30が好ましく、2~20がより好ましく、2~10がさらに好ましい。アルケニル基は直鎖、分岐、環状のいずれであってもよく、直鎖または分岐が好ましく、直鎖がより好ましい。アルケニル基は、置換基を有していてもよく、無置換であってもよい。
アリール基の炭素数は、6~30が好ましく、6~20がより好ましく、6~12がさらに好ましい。アリール基は、置換基を有していてもよく、無置換であってもよい。
アリール基の炭素数は、6~30が好ましく、6~20がより好ましく、6~12がさらに好ましい。アリール基は、置換基を有していてもよく、無置換であってもよい。
アリール基が有していてもよい置換基の例としては、後述するA1が表す有機基が有していてもよい置換基で説明したものが挙げられる。
R11およびR12は、水素原子が好ましい。
直鎖または分岐のアルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、オクチル基、ノニル基、デシル基、ドデシル基、テトラデシル基、オクダデシル基、イソプロピル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、1-エチルペンチル基、および2-エチルヘキシル基が挙げられる。
環状のアルキル基は、単環の環状のアルキル基であってもよく、多環の環状のアルキル基であってもよい。単環の環状のアルキル基としては、例えば、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘプチル基およびシクロオクチル基が挙げられる。多環の環状のアルキル基としては、例えば、アダマンチル基、ノルボルニル基、ボルニル基、カンフェニル基、デカヒドロナフチル基、トリシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、カンホロイル基、ジシクロヘキシル基およびピネニル基が挙げられる。中でも、高感度化との両立の観点から、シクロヘキシル基が最も好ましい。
アルケニル基の炭素数は、2~30が好ましく、2~20がより好ましく、2~10が更に好ましい。アルケニル基は直鎖、分岐、環状のいずれであってもよく、直鎖または分岐が好ましく、直鎖がより好ましい。
アリール基の炭素数は、6~30が好ましく、6~20がより好ましく、6~12が更に好ましい。
炭化水素基としては、上述したR11、R12で説明した炭化水素基を挙げられる。R13~R15は、特にアルキル基が好ましく、好ましい態様もR11、R12で説明したものと同じである。
また、R13~R15は、発生するアミン種の塩基性や沸点の観点から、R13とR14とR15の炭素原子の総数が7~30であることが好ましく、10~20であることがより好ましい。
また、沸点の高いアミン種を発生しやすいという理由から、一般式(Y)における「-NR13R14R15」の化学式量は、80~2000が好ましく、100~500がより好ましい。
本発明において、酸性化合物は、下記一般式(1A)で表される化合物であることも好ましい。この化合物は、室温では酸性であるが、加熱により、カルボキシ基が脱炭酸または、脱水環化して失われることで、それまで中和され不活性化していたアミン部位が活性となることにより、塩基性となる。以下、一般式(1A)について説明する。
1価の脂肪族基としては、例えば、アルキル基、アルケニル基等が挙げられる。
アルキル基の炭素数は、1~30が好ましく、1~20がより好ましく、1~10が更に好ましい。アルキル基は直鎖、分岐、環状のいずれであってもよい。アルキル基は、置換基を有していてもよく、無置換であってもよい。アルキル基の具体例としては、メチル基、エチル基、tert-ブチル基、ドデシル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘプチル基、アダマンチル基等が挙げられる。
アルケニル基の炭素数は、2~30が好ましく、2~20がより好ましく、2~10が更に好ましい。アルケニル基は直鎖、分岐、環状のいずれであってもよい。アルケニル基は、置換基を有していてもよく、無置換であってもよい。アルケニル基としては、ビニル基、(メタ)アリル基等が挙げられる。
2価以上の脂肪族基としては、上記の1価の脂肪族基から水素原子を1個以上除いた基が挙げられる。
アリール基は、単環であってもよく、多環であってもよい。アリール基は、ヘテロ原子を含むヘテロアリール基であってもよい。アリール基は、置換基を有していてもよく、無置換であってもよい。無置換が好ましい。アリール基の具体例としては、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ペンタレン環、インデン環、アズレン環、ヘプタレン環、インデセン環、ペリレン環、ペンタセン環、アセナフタレン環、フェナントレン環、アントラセン環、ナフタセン環、クリセン環、トリフェニレン環、フルオレン環、ビフェニル環、ピロール環、フラン環、チオフェン環、イミダゾール環、オキサゾール環、チアゾール環、ピリジン環、ピラジン環、ピリミジン環、ピリダジン環、インドリジン環、インドール環、ベンゾフラン環、ベンゾチオフェン環、イソベンゾフラン環、キノリジン環、キノリン環、フタラジン環、ナフチリジン環、キノキサリン環、キノキサゾリン環、イソキノリン環、カルバゾール環、フェナントリジン環、アクリジン環、フェナントロリン環、チアントレン環、クロメン環、キサンテン環、フェノキサチイン環、フェノチアジン環、および、フェナジン環が挙げられ、ベンゼン環が最も好ましい。
アリール基は、複数の芳香環が、単結合または後述する連結基を介して連結していてもよい。連結基としては、例えば、アルキレン基が好ましい。アルキレン基は、直鎖、分岐のいずれも好ましい。複数の芳香環が、単結合または連結基を介して連結したアリール基の具体例としては、ビフェニル、ジフェニルメタン、ジフェニルプロパン、ジフェニルイソプロパン、トリフェニルメタン、テトラフェニルメタンなどが挙げられる。
R1は、カルボキシ基を有する基であることが好ましい。すなわち、R1は、下記式で表される基が好ましい。
-L2-(COOH)n
式中、L2は(n+1)価の連結基を表し、nは1以上の整数を表す。
L2が表す連結基は、上述したL1で説明した基が挙げられ、好ましい範囲も同様であり、エチレン基またはメチレン基が特に好ましく、メチレン基が最も好ましい。
nは1以上の整数を表し、1または2が好ましく、1がより好ましい。nの上限は、L2が表す連結基が取り得る置換基の最大数である。nが1であれば、200℃以下の加熱により、沸点の高い3級アミンを発生しやすい。更には、前駆体組成物の安定性を向上できる。
pは、1以上の整数を表し、1または2が好ましく、1がより好ましい。pの上限は、A1が表す有機基が取り得る置換基の最大数である。pが1であれば、200℃以下の加熱により、沸点の高い3級アミンを発生しやすい。
一般式(1a)のA1、L1、L2、m、nおよびpは、一般式(1A)で説明した範囲と同義であり、好ましい範囲も同様である。
また、銅との密着性を向上させる観点からは、(A-18)~(A-26)、(A-38)~(A-43)が好ましく、(A-26)、(A-38)~(A-43)がより好ましい。
熱塩基発生剤は、1種または2種以上を用いることができる。2種以上を用いる場合は、合計量が上記範囲であることが好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、熱酸発生剤を含んでいてもよい。熱酸発生剤は、加熱により酸を発生し、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の環化を促進し硬化膜の機械特性をより向上させる他、ヒドロキシメチル基、アルコキシメチル基またはアシルオキシメチル基を有する化合物、エポキシ化合物、オキセタン化合物およびベンゾオキサジン化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物の架橋反応を促進させる効果がある。
熱酸発生剤としては、メタンスルホン酸(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ジメチルスルホニウム、メタンスルホン酸(4-((メトキシカルボニル)オキシ)フェニル)ジメチルスルホニウム、メタンスルホン酸ベンジル(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)メチルスルホニウム、メタンスルホン酸ベンジル(4-((メトキシカルボニル)オキシ)フェニル)メチルスルホニウム、メタンスルホン酸(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)メチル((2-メチルフェニル)メチル)スルホニウム、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ジメチルスルホニウム、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸(4-((メトキシカルボニル)オキシ)フェニル)ジメチルスルホニウム、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸ベンジル(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)メチルスルホニウム、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸ベンジル(4-((メトキシカルボニル)オキシ)フェニル)メチルスルホニウム、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)メチル((2-メチルフェニル)メチル)スルホニウム、3-(5-(((プロピルスルホニル)オキシ)イミノ)チオフェン-2(5H)-イリデン)-2-(o-トリル)プロパンニトリル、2,2-ビス(3-(メタンスルホニルアミノ)-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパンが好ましい。
熱酸発生剤は、1種のみ用いても、2種以上用いてもよい。2種以上用いる場合は、合計量が上記範囲となることが好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、熱ラジカル重合開始剤を含んでいてもよい。熱ラジカル重合開始剤としては、公知の熱ラジカル重合開始剤を用いることができる。
熱ラジカル重合開始剤は、熱のエネルギーによってラジカルを発生し、重合性化合物の重合反応を開始または促進させる化合物である。熱ラジカル重合開始剤を添加することによって、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の環化反応を進行させる際に、重合性化合物の重合反応を進行させることができる。また、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体がエチレン性不飽和結合を含む場合は、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の環化と共に、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の重合反応を進行させることもできるので、より高耐熱化が達成できることとなる。
熱ラジカル重合開始剤としては、芳香族ケトン類、オニウム塩化合物、過酸化物、チオ化合物、ヘキサアリールビイミダゾール化合物、ケトオキシムエステル化合物、ボレート化合物、アジニウム化合物、メタロセン化合物、活性エステル化合物、炭素ハロゲン結合を有する化合物、アゾ系化合物等が挙げられる。中でも、過酸化物またはアゾ系化合物がより好ましく、過酸化物が特に好ましい。
本発明で用いる熱ラジカル重合開始剤は、10時間半減期温度が90~130℃であることが好ましく、100~120℃であることがより好ましい。
具体的には、特開2008-63554号公報の段落番号0074~0118に記載されている化合物が挙げられる。
市販品では、パーブチルZおよびパークミルD(日油(株)製)を好適に用いることができる。
熱ラジカル重合開始剤は1種のみでもよいし、2種以上であってもよい。熱ラジカル重合開始剤が2種以上の場合は、その合計が上記範囲であることが好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物には、腐食防止剤を添加することが好ましい。腐食防止剤は、金属配線からのイオンの流出を防ぐ目的で添加し、化合物としては、例えば、特開2013-15701号公報の段落番号0094に記載の防錆剤、特開2009-283711号公報の段落番号0073~0076に記載の化合物、特開2011-59656号公報の段落番号0052に記載の化合物、特開2012-194520号公報の段落番号0114、0116および0118に記載の化合物などを使用することができる。中でも、トリアゾール環を有する化合物またはテトラゾール環を有する化合物を好ましく使用することができ、1,2,4-トリアゾール、1,2,3-ベンゾトリアゾール、5-メチル-1H-ベンゾトリアゾール、1H-テトラゾール、5-メチル-1H-テトラゾールがより好ましく、1H-テトラゾールがもっとも好ましい。
腐食防止剤を添加する場合、腐食防止剤の配合量は、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体100質量部に対して好ましくは0.1~10質量部の範囲であり、より好ましくは0.2~5質量部の範囲である。
腐食防止剤は、1種のみ用いても、2種以上用いてもよい。2種以上用いる場合は、合計量が上記範囲となることが好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、電極や配線などに用いられる金属材料との接着性を向上させるための金属接着性改良剤を含んでいることが好ましい。金属接着性改良剤例としては、特開2014-186186号公報の段落番号0046~0049や、特開2013-072935号公報の段落番号0032~0043に記載のスルフィド系化合物が挙げられる。金属接着性改良剤としては、また、下記化合物も例示される。
金属接着性改良剤は1種のみでもよいし、2種以上であってもよい。2種以上用いる場合、その合計が上記範囲であることが好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、基板との接着性を向上させられる点で、シランカップリング剤を含んでいることが好ましい。シランカップリング剤の例としては、特開2014-191002号公報の段落番号0062~0073に記載の化合物、WO2011/080992A1号公報の段落番号0063~0071に記載の化合物、特開2014-191252号公報の段落番号0060~0061に記載の化合物、特開2014-41264号公報の段落番号0045~0052に記載の化合物、WO2014/097594号公報の段落番号0055に記載の化合物が挙げられる。また、特開2011-128358号公報の段落番号0050~0058に記載されているように異なる2種以上のシランカップリング剤を用いることも好ましい。
シランカップリング剤を用いる場合、シランカップリング剤の配合量は、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体100質量部に対して好ましくは0.1~20質量部の範囲であり、より好ましくは1~10質量部の範囲である。0.1質量部以上であると、基板とのより充分な密着性を付与することができ、20質量部以下であると室温保存時において粘度上昇等の問題をより抑制できる。
シランカップリング剤は、1種のみ用いても、2種以上用いてもよい。2種以上用いる場合は、合計量が上記範囲となることが好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、アルカリ現像液を用いたポジ型である場合、感度向上の観点で、溶解促進剤(溶解性を促進する化合物)を添加することが好ましい。溶解促進剤としては、低分子フェノール類(例えば、Bis-Z、TekP-4HBPA、TrisP-HAP、TrisP-PA、BisRS-2P、BisRS-3P(以上、商品名、本州化学工業製)、BIR-PC、BIR-PTBP、BIR-BIPC-F(以上、商品名、旭有機材工業製)、特開2013-152381号公報の段落番号0056~0062に記載のフェノール類)やアリールスルホンアミド誘導体(例えば、特開2011-164454号公報の段落番号0058に記載の化合物)を挙げることができる。
溶解促進剤を用いる場合、溶解促進剤の配合量は、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体100質量部に対して好ましくは0.1~20質量部の範囲であり、より好ましくは1~10質量部の範囲である。
溶解促進剤は、1種のみ用いても、2種以上用いてもよい。2種以上用いる場合は、合計量が上記範囲となることが好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、アルカリ現像液を用いたポジ型である場合、アルカリ現像液への溶解性を調整するために、溶解阻害剤(溶解性を阻害する化合物)を含有させることができる。このような化合物として、オニウム塩、ジアリール化合物およびテトラアルキルアンモニウム塩が好ましい。
オニウム塩としては、ジアリールヨードニウム塩等のヨードニウム塩、トリアリールスルホニウム塩等のスルホニウム塩、ホスホニウム塩、アリールジアゾニウム塩等のジアゾニウム塩等が挙げられる。
ジアリール化合物としては、ジアリール尿素、ジアリールスルホン、ジアリールケトン、ジアリールエーテル、ジアリールプロパン、ジアリールヘキサフルオロプロパン等の二つのアリール基が結合基を介して結合したものが挙げられ、上記アリール基としては、フェニル基が好ましい。
テトラアルキルアンモニウム塩としては、上記アルキル基がメチル基、エチル基等のテトラアルキルアンミニウムハライドが挙げられる。
これらの中で、ジフェニルヨードニウムニトラート、ジフェニルヨードニウムトリフルオロメタンスルホナートおよびジフェニルヨードニウム-8-アニリノナフタレン-1-スルホナートが、効果が高く好ましいものとして挙げられる。
溶解阻害剤は、1種のみ用いても、2種以上用いてもよい。2種以上用いる場合は、合計量が上記範囲となることが好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、増感色素を含んでも良い。増感色素は、特定の活性放射線を吸収して電子励起状態となる。電子励起状態となった増感色素は、熱塩基発生剤、熱ラジカル重合開始剤、光ラジカル重合開始剤などと接触して、電子移動、エネルギー移動、発熱などの作用を引き起こす。これにより、熱塩基発生剤、熱ラジカル重合開始剤、光ラジカル重合開始剤は化学変化を起こして分解し、ラジカル、酸または塩基を生成する。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、連鎖移動剤を含有してもよい。連鎖移動剤は、例えば高分子辞典第三版(高分子学会編、2005年)683-684頁に定義されている。連鎖移動剤としては、例えば、分子内にSH、PH、SiH、GeHを有する化合物群が用いられる。これらは、低活性のラジカル種に水素供与して、ラジカルを生成するか、もしくは、酸化された後、脱プロトンすることによりラジカルを生成し得る。特に、チオール化合物(例えば、2-メルカプトベンズイミダゾール類、2-メルカプトベンズチアゾール類、2-メルカプトベンズオキサゾール類、3-メルカプトトリアゾール類、5-メルカプトテトラゾール類等)を好ましく用いることができる。
連鎖移動剤は1種のみでもよいし、2種以上であってもよい。連鎖移動剤が2種以上の場合は、その合計が上記範囲であることが好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、製造中または保存中において複素環含有ポリマー前駆体およびラジカル重合性化合物の不要な熱重合を防止するために、少量の重合禁止剤を含むことが好ましい。
重合禁止剤としては、例えば、ハイドロキノン、p-メトキシフェノール、ジ-tert-ブチル-p-クレゾール、ピロガロール、p-tert-ブチルカテコール、ベンゾキノン、4,4′-チオビス(3-メチル-6-tert-ブチルフェノール)、2,2′-メチレンビス(4-メチル-6-tert-ブチルフェノール)、N-ニトロソ-N-フェニルヒドロキシルアミンアルミニウム塩、フェノチアジン、N-ニトロソジフェニルアミン、N-フェニルナフチルアミン、エチレンジアミン四酢酸、1,2-シクロヘキサンジアミン四酢酸、グリコールエーテルジアミン四酢酸、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-p-メチルフェノール、5-ニトロソ-8-ヒドロキシキノリン、1-ニトロソ-2-ナフトール、2-ニトロソ-1-ナフトール、2-ニトロソ-5-(N-エチル-N-スルフォプロピルアミノ)フェノール、N-ニトロソ-N-(1-ナフチル)ヒドロキシルアミンアンモニウム塩、ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-tert-ブチル)フェニルメタンが好適に挙げられる。
感光性樹脂組成物が重合禁止剤を含有する場合、重合禁止剤の含有量は、感光性樹脂組成物の全固形分に対して、0.01~5質量%が好ましい。
重合禁止剤は1種のみでもよいし、2種以上であってもよい。重合禁止剤が2種以上の場合は、その合計が上記範囲であることが好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物には、塗布性をより向上させる観点から、各種の界面活性剤を添加してもよい。界面活性剤としては、フッ素系界面活性剤、ノニオン系界面活性剤、カチオン系界面活性剤、アニオン系界面活性剤、シリコーン系界面活性剤などの各種界面活性剤を使用できる。
特に、フッ素系界面活性剤を含むことで、塗布液として調製したときの液特性(特に、流動性)がより向上することから、塗布厚の均一性や省液性をより改善することができる。
フッ素系界面活性剤を含む塗布液を用いて膜形成する場合においては、被塗布面と塗布液との界面張力を低下させることにより、被塗布面への濡れ性が改善され、被塗布面への塗布性が向上する。このため、少量の液量で数μm程度の薄膜を形成した場合であっても、厚みムラの小さい均一厚の膜形成をより好適に行える点で有効である。
フッ素系界面活性剤としては、例えば、メガファックF171、同F172、同F173、同F176、同F177、同F141、同F142、同F143、同F144、同R30、同F437、同F475、同F479、同F482、同F554、同F780、同F781(以上、DIC(株)製)、フロラードFC430、同FC431、同FC171(以上、住友スリーエム(株)製)、サーフロンS-382、同SC-101、同SC-103、同SC-104、同SC-105、同SC1068、同SC-381、同SC-383、同S393、同KH-40(以上、旭硝子(株)製)、PF636、PF656、PF6320、PF6520、PF7002(OMNOVA社製)等が挙げられる。
フッ素系界面活性剤としてブロックポリマーを用いることもでき、具体例としては、例えば特開2011-89090号公報に記載された化合物が挙げられる。
また、下記化合物も本発明で用いられるフッ素系界面活性剤として例示される。
界面活性剤は1種のみでもよいし、2種以上であってもよい。界面活性剤が2種以上の場合は、その合計が上記範囲であることが好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物には、酸素による重合阻害を防止するために、ベヘン酸やベヘン酸アミドのような高級脂肪酸誘導体等を添加して、塗布後の乾燥の過程で感光性樹脂組成物の表面に偏在させてもよい。
感光性樹脂組成物が高級脂肪酸誘導体等を含有する場合、高級脂肪酸誘導体等の含有量は、感光性樹脂組成物の全固形分に対して、0.1~10質量%が好ましい。
高級脂肪酸誘導体等は1種のみでもよいし、2種以上であってもよい。高級脂肪酸誘導体等が2種以上の場合は、その合計が上記範囲であることが好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物を塗布によって層状にする場合、溶剤を配合することが好ましい。溶剤は、感光性樹脂組成物を層状に形成できれば、公知のものを制限なく使用できる。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物に用いられる溶剤としては、エステル類として、例えば、酢酸エチル、酢酸-n-ブチル、酢酸イソブチル、ギ酸アミル、酢酸イソアミル、プロピオン酸ブチル、酪酸イソプロピル、酪酸エチル、酪酸ブチル、乳酸メチル、乳酸エチル、γ-ブチロラクトン、ε-カプロラクトン、δ-バレロラクトン、オキシ酢酸アルキル(例:オキシ酢酸メチル、オキシ酢酸エチル、オキシ酢酸ブチル(例えば、メトキシ酢酸メチル、メトキシ酢酸エチル、メトキシ酢酸ブチル、エトキシ酢酸メチル、エトキシ酢酸エチル等))、3-オキシプロピオン酸アルキルエステル類(例:3-オキシプロピオン酸メチル、3-オキシプロピオン酸エチル等(例えば、3-メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸エチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸メチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸エチル等))、2-オキシプロピオン酸アルキルエステル類(例:2-オキシプロピオン酸メチル、2-オキシプロピオン酸エチル、2-オキシプロピオン酸プロピル等(例えば、2-メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、2-メトキシプロピオン酸エチル、2-メトキシプロピオン酸プロピル、2-エトキシプロピオン酸メチル、2-エトキシプロピオン酸エチル))、2-オキシ-2-メチルプロピオン酸メチルおよび2-オキシ-2-メチルプロピオン酸エチル(例えば、2-メトキシ-2-メチルプロピオン酸メチル、2-エトキシ-2-メチルプロピオン酸エチル等)、ピルビン酸メチル、ピルビン酸エチル、ピルビン酸プロピル、アセト酢酸メチル、アセト酢酸エチル、2-オキソブタン酸メチル、および2-オキソブタン酸エチル等、並びに、エーテル類として、例えば、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、メチルセロソルブアセテート、エチルセロソルブアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、およびプロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテルアセテート等、並びに、ケトン類として、例えば、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、シクロペンタノン、2-ヘプタノン、3-ヘプタノン、およびN-メチル-2-ピロリドン等、並びに、芳香族炭化水素類として、例えば、トルエン、キシレン、アニソール、およびリモネン等、並びに、スルホキシド類としてジメチルスルホキシドが好適に挙げられる。
溶剤は1種のみでもよいし、2種以上であってもよい。溶剤が2種以上の場合は、その合計が上記範囲であることが好ましい。
また、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミドおよびN,N-ジメチルホルムアミドの含有量は、膜強度の観点から、感光性樹脂組成物の全質量に対して5質量%未満が好ましく、1質量%未満がより好ましく、0.5質量%未満がさらに好ましく、0.1質量%未満が特に好ましい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、必要に応じて、各種添加物、例えば、無機粒子、硬化剤、硬化触媒、充填剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、凝集防止剤等を配合することができる。これらの添加剤を配合する場合、その合計配合量は感光性樹脂組成物の固形分の3質量%以下とすることが好ましい。
また、感光性樹脂組成物に意図せずに含まれる金属不純物を低減する方法としては、感光性樹脂組成物を構成する原料として金属含有量が少ない原料を選択する、感光性樹脂組成物を構成する原料に対してフィルター濾過を行う、装置内をポリテトラフルオロエチレン等でライニングしてコンタミネーションを可能な限り抑制した条件下で蒸留を行う等の方法を挙げることができる。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、上記各成分を混合して調製することができる。混合方法は特に限定はなく、従来公知の方法で行うことができる。
また、感光性樹脂組成物中のゴミや微粒子等の異物を除去する目的で、フィルターを用いたろ過を行うことが好ましい。フィルターの孔径としては、1μm以下が好ましく、0.5μm以下がより好ましく、0.1μm以下がさらに好ましい。フィルターの材質としては、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン製、ポリエチレン製、ナイロン製のフィルターが好ましい。フィルターは、有機溶剤であらかじめ洗浄したものを用いてもよい。フィルター濾過工程では、複数種類のフィルターを直列または並列に接続して用いてもよい。複数種類のフィルターを使用する場合は、孔径および/または材質が異なるフィルターを組み合わせて使用しても良い。また、各種材料を複数回濾過してもよく、複数回濾過する工程が循環濾過工程であっても良い。また、加圧してろ過を行ってもよく、加圧する圧力は0.05MPa以上0.3MPa以下が好ましい。
フィルターを用いたろ過の他、吸着材を用いて不純物の除去を行っても良い。また、フィルターを用いたろ過と、吸着材を用いた不純物の除去とを組み合わせて行ってもよい。吸着材としては、公知の吸着材を用いることができ、例えば、シリカゲル、ゼオライトなどの無機系吸着材、活性炭などの有機系吸着材を使用することができる。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は硬化して硬化膜として用いることができる。本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、耐熱性および絶縁性に優れる硬化膜を形成できるので、半導体デバイスの絶縁膜、再配線層用層間絶縁膜などに好ましく用いることができる。特に、3次元実装デバイスにおける再配線層用層間絶縁膜などに好ましく用いることができる。
また、エレクトロニクス用のフォトレジスト(ガルバニック(電解)レジスト(galvanic resist)、エッチングレジスト、ソルダートップレジスト(solder top resist))などに用いることもできる。
また、オフセット版面またはスクリーン版面などの版面の製造、成形部品のエッチングへ、エレクトロニクス、特にマイクロエレクトロニクスにおける保護ラッカーおよび誘電層の製造などに用いることもできる。
次に、本発明の硬化膜の製造方法について説明する。硬化膜の製造方法は、本発明の前駆体組成物または本発明の感光性樹脂組成物を用いて形成される限り、特に定めるものではない。本発明の硬化膜の製造方法は、本発明の前駆体組成物または本発明の感光性樹脂組成物を基板に適用する工程と、基板に適用された前駆体組成物または感光性樹脂組成物を硬化する工程とを有することが好ましい。以下、感光性樹脂組成物を用いる場合を例にとって説明する。
感光性樹脂組成物の基板への適用方法としては、スピニング、浸漬、ドクターブレード塗布、懸濁キャスティング(suspended casting)、塗布、噴霧、静電噴霧、リバースロール塗布などが挙げられ、スピニング、静電噴霧およびリバースロール塗布が基板上に均一に適用できるという理由から好ましい。例えば積層による層の移動による銅被膜プリント回路基板のように、感光性層を一時的な、柔軟性のある担体上に導入し、次いで最終的な基板を塗布することも可能である。
無機基板としては、例えばガラス基板、石英基板、シリコン基板、シリコンナイトライド基板、および、それらのような基板上にモリブデン、チタン、アルミニウム、銅などを蒸着した複合基板が挙げられる。
樹脂基板としては、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート、ポリブチレンナフタレート、ポリスチレン、ポリカーボネート、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリアリレート、アリルジグリコールカーボネート、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリベンズアゾール、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリシクロオレフィン、ノルボルネン樹脂、ポリクロロトリフルオロエチレン等のフッ素樹脂、液晶ポリマー、アクリル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、アイオノマー樹脂、シアネート樹脂、架橋フマル酸ジエステル、環状ポリオレフィン、芳香族エーテル、マレイミド-オレフィン、セルロース、エピスルフィド化合物等の合成樹脂からなる基板が挙げられる。これらの基板は、上記の形態のまま用いられる場合は少なく、通常、最終製品の形態によって、例えば薄膜トランジスタ(TFT)素子のような多層積層構造が形成されている。
感光性樹脂組成物を基板へ適用した後、乾燥することが好ましい。乾燥は、例えば、60~150℃で、10秒~2分行うことが好ましい。
基板に適用した感光性樹脂組成物を加熱することにより、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の環化反応が進み、耐熱性に優れた硬化膜を形成できる。
加熱温度は、50~300℃が好ましく、100~250℃がより好ましい。
本発明によれば、より環化速度が速い異性体を多く含むため、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の環化反応をより低温で行うこともできる。
加熱速度としては、20~150℃を加熱開始温度として、3~5℃/分であることが好ましい。
加熱温度が200~240℃である場合は、加熱時間は、180分以上が好ましい。上限は例えば、240分以下が好ましい。加熱温度が240~300℃である場合は、加熱時間は、90分以上が好ましい。上限は例えば、180分以下が好ましい。加熱温度が300~380である場合は、加熱時間は、60分以上が好ましい。上限は例えば、120分以下が好ましい。
冷却速度は、1~5℃/分であることが好ましい。
加熱は段階的に行ってもよい。例として、20℃から150℃まで5℃/分で昇温し、150℃にて30分置き、150℃から230℃まで5℃/分で昇温し、230℃にて180分置く、といった工程が挙げられる。
フォトリソグラフィ法によるパターン形成は、ネガ型の場合、上述した複素環含有ポリマー前駆体と、上述した硬化性化合物としてのエチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物と、光ラジカル重合開始剤とを含む感光性樹脂組成物を用いて行うことが好ましい。また、ポジ型の場合、上述した複素環含有ポリマー前駆体と、光酸発生剤とを含む感光性樹脂組成物を用いて行うことが好ましい。また、ネガ型の場合、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体はエチレン性不飽和結合を有することが好ましい。
以下、フォトリソグラフィ法によりパターン形成する場合について説明する。
露光する工程では、基板に適用された感光性樹脂組成物に対して、所定のパターンの活性光線または放射線を照射する。
活性光線または放射線の波長は、感光性樹脂組成物の組成により異なるが、200~600nmが好ましく、300~450nmがより好ましい。
光源としては、低圧水銀灯、高圧水銀灯、超高圧水銀灯、ケミカルランプ、LED光源、エキシマレーザー発生装置などを用いることができ、i線(365nm)、h線(405nm)、g線(436nm)などの300nm以上450nm以下の波長を有する活性光線が好ましく使用できる。また、必要に応じて長波長カットフィルター、短波長カットフィルター、バンドパスフィルターのような分光フィルターを通して照射光を調整することもできる。露光量は好ましくは1~1000mJ/cm2であり、より好ましくは、200~800mJ/cm2である。このように広い範囲で、高い現像性で現像することができる点で本発明の価値は高い。
露光装置としては、ミラープロジェクションアライナー、ステッパー、スキャナー、プロキシミティ、コンタクト、マイクロレンズアレイ、レンズスキャナ、レーザー露光など、各種方式の露光機を用いることができる。
なお、(メタ)アクリレートおよび類似のオレフィン不飽和化合物を使用する場合、それらの光重合は、公知のとおり、特に薄層中では空気中の酸素により防止される。この効果は、例えばポリビニルアルコールの一時的な被膜層導入や、不活性ガス中での前露光または前調整などの公知の従来法により緩和できる。
現像処理を行う工程では、感光性樹脂組成物の未露光の部分を、現像液を用いて現像する。現像液としては、水性アルカリ現像液、有機溶剤などを用いることができる。
水性アルカリ現像液に使用するアルカリ化合物としては、例えば、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸水素カリウム、ケイ酸ナトリウム、ケイ酸カリウム、メタケイ酸ナトリウム、メタケイ酸カリウム、アンモニアまたはアミンなどが挙げられる。アミンとしては、例えば、エチルアミン、n-プロピルアミン、ジエチルアミン、ジ-n-プロピルアミン、トリエチルアミン、メチルジエチルアミン、アルカノールアミン、ジメチルエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、四級アンモニウム水酸化物、水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウム(TMAH)または水酸化テトラエチルアンモニウムなどが挙げられる。なかでも金属を含まないアルカリ化合物が好ましい。好適な水性アルカリ現像液は、一般的にアルカリに関して0.5規定までであるが、使用前に適当に希釈してもよい。例えば、約0.15~0.4規定、好ましくは0.20~0.35規定の水性アルカリ現像液も適切である。アルカリ化合物は1種のみでもよいし、2種以上であってもよい。アルカリ化合物が2種以上の場合は、その合計が上記範囲であることが好ましい。
有機溶剤としては、上述した感光性樹脂組成物に用いることができる溶剤と同様のものを用いることができる。例えば、酢酸-n-ブチル、γ-ブチロラクトン、シクロペンタノン、およびこれらの混合したものが好適に挙げられる。
さらに、現像処理を行う工程後に、現像された感光性樹脂組成物を50~500℃の温度で加熱する工程を含むことも好ましい。このような工程を経ることにより、パターン強度が増大し、耐久性が向上するというメリットがある。
また、エレクトロニクス用のフォトレジスト(ガルバニック(電解)レジスト(galvanic resist)、エッチングレジスト、ソルダートップレジスト(solder top resist))などに用いることもできる。
また。オフセット版面またはスクリーン版面などの版面の製造、成形部品のエッチング、エレクトロニクス、特にマイクロエレクトロニクスにおける保護ラッカーおよび誘電層の製造などに用いることもできる。
次に、感光性樹脂組成物を再配線層用層間絶縁膜に用いた半導体デバイスの一実施形態について説明する。
図1に示す半導体デバイス100は、いわゆる3次元実装デバイスであり、複数の半導体素子(半導体チップ)101a~101dが積層した積層体101が、配線基板120に配置されている。
なお、この実施形態では、半導体素子(半導体チップ)の積層数が4層である場合を中心に説明するが、半導体素子(半導体チップ)の積層数は特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、2層、8層、16層、32層等であってもよい。また、1層であってもよい。
最上段の半導体素子101aは、貫通電極を有さず、その一方の面に電極パッド(図示せず)が形成されている。
半導体素子101b~101dは、貫通電極102b~102dを有し、各半導体素子の両面には、貫通電極に一体に設けられた接続パッド(図示せず)が設けられている。
すなわち、貫通電極を有さない半導体素子101aの電極パッドと、これに隣接する貫通電極102bを有する半導体素子101bの半導体素子101a側の接続パッドが、半田バンプ等の金属バンプ103aで接続され、貫通電極102bを有する半導体素子101bの他側の接続パッドが、それに隣接する貫通電極102cを有する半導体素子101cの半導体素子101b側の接続パッドと、半田バンプ等の金属バンプ103bで接続されている。同様に、貫通電極102cを有する半導体素子101cの他側の接続パッドが、それに隣接する貫通電極102dを有する半導体素子101dの半導体素子101c側の接続パッドと、半田バンプ等の金属バンプ103cで接続されている。
配線基板120としては、例えば樹脂基板、セラミックス基板、ガラス基板等の絶縁基板を基材として用いた多層配線基板が使用される。樹脂基板を適用した配線基板120としては、多層銅張積層板(多層プリント配線板)等が挙げられる。
配線基板120と積層体101との間には、再配線層105が形成された絶縁層115が配置されており、配線基板120と積層体101とは、再配線層105を介して電気的に接続されている。絶縁層115は、本発明の感光性樹脂組成物を用いて形成してなるものである。
すなわち、再配線層105の一端は、半田バンプ等の金属バンプ103dを介して、半導体素子101dの再配線層105側の面に形成された電極パッドに接続されている。また、再配線層105の他端は、配線基板の表面電極120aと、半田バンプ等の金属バンプ103eを介して接続している。
そして、絶縁層115と積層体101との間には、アンダーフィル層110aが形成されている。また、絶縁層115と配線基板120との間には、アンダーフィル層110bが形成されている。
複素環含有ポリマー前駆体のMwおよびMnは、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)測定によるポリスチレン換算値であり、以下の方法により測定した。
測定装置としてHLC-8220(東ソー(株)製)を使用し、カラムとしてガードカラムHZ-L、TSKgel Super HZM-M、TSKgel Super HZ4000、TSKgel Super HZ3000、TSKgel Super HZ2000(東ソー(株)製)を用いた。また溶離液はTHF(テトラヒドロフラン)を用い、40℃で流速0.35ml/分の速度にて測定を行った。検出は紫外線(UV)254nm検出器を使用した。また測定サンプルとしては、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体をTHFで0.1質量%に希釈調整したサンプルを使用した。
複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の分散度は、上記MwおよびMnから算出した。また2種類のポリマー前駆体を含む場合のMw、Mnは、両者を所望のブレンド比にて混合後、THFで0.1質量%に希釈調整したサンプルについて測定を行った。
複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の分散度は、上記MwおよびMnから算出した。
[4,4’-オキシジフタル酸無水物、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートおよび4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテルからのポリイミド前駆体(A-1:ラジカル重合性不飽和基を有するポリイミド前駆体)の合成]
21.2gの4,4’-オキシジフタル酸無水物(140℃で12時間乾燥)と、18.1gの2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートと、0.05gのハイドロキノンと、23.9gのピリジンと、150mlのジグリム(ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル)とを混合し、60℃の温度で2時間撹拌して、4,4’-オキシジフタル酸と2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートとのジエステルを製造した。次いで、反応混合物を-10℃に冷却し、温度を-10±4℃に保ちながら17.1gのSOCl2を60分かけて加えた。50mlのN-メチルピロリドンで希釈した後、100mlのN-メチルピロリドンに11.7gの4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテルを溶解させた溶液を-10±4℃で60分かけて反応混合物に滴下して、混合物を2時間攪拌した。次いで、6リットルの水に投入しポリイミド前駆体を沈殿させ、水-ポリイミド前駆体混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリイミド前駆体を濾取し、再度4リットルの水に投入してさらに30分間撹拌し再び濾過した。次いで、得られたポリイミド前駆体を減圧下で、45℃で3日間乾燥した。
このポリイミド前駆体は、重量平均分子量16000、数平均分子量7620、分散度2.1であった。
[4,4’-オキシジフタル酸無水物、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートおよび4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテルからのポリイミド前駆体(A-2:ラジカル重合性不飽和基を有するポリイミド前駆体)の合成]
4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテルの添加量を12.9gに変更した以外は合成例1と同様に合成した。このポリイミド前駆体は、重量平均分子量38500、数平均分子量16740、分散度2.3であった。
[4,4’-オキシジフタル酸無水物、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートおよび4,4’-イソプロピリデンビスアニリンからのポリイミド前駆体(A-3:ラジカル重合性不飽和基を有するポリイミド前駆体)の合成]
21.2gの4,4’-オキシジフタル酸無水物(140℃で12時間乾燥)と、18.1gの2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートと、0.05gのハイドロキノンと、23.9gのピリジンと、150mlのジグリムとを混合し、60℃の温度で2時間撹拌して、4,4’-オキシジフタル酸と2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートとのジエステルを製造した。次いで、反応混合物を-10℃に冷却し、温度を-10±4℃に保ちながら17.1gのSOCl2を60分かけて加えた。50mlのN-メチルピロリドンで希釈した後、100mlのN-メチルピロリドンに14.3gの4,4’-イソプロピリデンビスアニリンを溶解させた溶液を-10±4℃で60分かけて反応混合物に滴下して、混合物を2時間攪拌した。次いで、6リットルの水に投入しポリイミド前駆体を沈殿させ、水-ポリイミド前駆体混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリイミド前駆体を濾取し、再度4リットルの水に投入し、さらに30分間撹拌し再び濾過した。次いで、得られたポリイミド前駆体を減圧下で、45℃で3日間乾燥した。
このポリイミド前駆体は、重量平均分子量30000、数平均分子量13640、分散度2.2であった。
[4,4’-オキシジフタル酸無水物、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートおよび4,4’-イソプロピリデンビスアニリンからのポリイミド前駆体(A-4:ラジカル重合性不飽和基を有するポリイミド前駆体)の合成]
4,4’-イソプロピリデンビスアニリンを溶解させた溶液の反応混合物への滴下温度、時間を5±4℃、20分に変更した以外は、合成例3と同様に合成した。このポリイミド前駆体は、重量平均分子量22000、数平均分子量7100、分散度3.1であった。
[4,4’-オキシジフタル酸無水物、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートおよび1,4-フェニレンジアミンからのポリイミド前駆体(A-5:ラジカル重合性不飽和基を有するポリイミド前駆体)の合成]
21.2gの4,4’-オキシジフタル酸無水物(140℃で12時間乾燥)と、18.1gの2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートと、0.05gのハイドロキノンと、23.9gのピリジンと、150mlのジグリムとを混合し、60℃の温度で2時間撹拌して、4,4’-オキシジフタル酸と2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートとのジエステルを製造した。次いで、反応混合物を-10℃に冷却し、温度を-10±4℃に保ちながら17.1gのSOCl2を60分かけて加えた。50mlのN-メチルピロリドンで希釈した後、100mlのN-メチルピロリドンに6.7gの1,4-フェニレンジアミンを溶解させた溶液を5±4℃で20分かけて反応混合物に滴下して、混合物を2時間攪拌した。次いで、6リットルの水に投入しポリイミド前駆体を沈殿させ、水-ポリイミド前駆体混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリイミド前駆体を濾取し、再度4リットルの水に投入してさらに30分間撹拌し再び濾過した。次いで、得られたポリイミド前駆体を減圧下で、45℃で3日間乾燥した。
このポリイミド前駆体は、重量平均分子量23000、数平均分子量7670、分散度3.0であった。
[4,4’-オキシジフタル酸および2,2’-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパンからのポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体(A-6:ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体)の合成]
ジフェニルエーテル-4,4’-ジカルボン酸23.24gと1-ヒドロキシ-1,2,3-ベンゾトリアゾール12.16gを反応させて得られたジカルボン酸誘導体(4,4’-オキシジフタル酸)44.32gと、2,2’-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン28.25gとを、N-メチルピロリドン275gに混合し溶解させた後、75℃の温度で16時間撹拌した。その後、N-メチルピロリドン10gに溶解させた4-エチニルフタル酸無水物3.5gを加え、混合物を3時間攪拌した。次いで、反応混合物を4リットルの水と2リットルのメタノールとの混合溶媒に投入し、ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体を沈殿させ、水-ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体を濾取し水で十分に洗浄後、得られた前駆体を減圧下で、45℃で3日間乾燥した。
このポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体は、重量平均分子量17000、数平均分子量7730、分散度2.2であった。
[4,4’-オキシジフタル酸および2,2’-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパンからのポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体(A-7:ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体)の合成]
2,2’-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパンの添加量を31.32gに変更した以外は合成例6と同様に合成した。このポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体は、重量平均分子量40000、数平均分子量18180、分散度2.2であった。
<感光性樹脂組成物の組成>
下記の構成成分を混合し、均一な溶液として、感光性樹脂組成物の塗布液を調製した。
(A)複素環含有ポリマー前駆体:表6記載の質量%
(B)重合開始剤:表6記載の質量%
(C)重合性化合物:表6記載の質量%
(D)添加剤:表6記載の質量%
(E)溶剤:表6記載の質量%
(B)重合開始剤、(C)重合性化合物、(D)添加剤および(E)溶剤の欄には、上段が用いた化合物の種類を、下段が配合量(質量%)を示している。(B)重合開始剤、(C)重合性化合物、(D)添加剤および(E)溶剤の化合物は以下の通りである。
A-1~A-7:上記合成例1~7で製造したA-1~A-7
A-8~A-10:下記構造の複素環含有ポリマー前駆体(ポリイミド前駆体)
B-1:IRGACURE-OXE01(BASF製)
B-4:IRGACURE-784(BASF社製) メタロセン化合物
C-1:NKエステル M-40G (新中村化学工業(株)製 単官能メタクリレート 下記構造)
D-1:腐食防止剤、1H-テトラゾール
D-2:腐食防止剤、1,2,4-トリアゾール
D-3:熱塩基発生剤、下記化合物、塩基発生温度150℃、アニオンpKa4.2
D-7:光酸発生剤、下記化合物
E-1:γ-ブチロラクトン
E-2:ジメチルスルホキシド
E-3:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
各感光性樹脂組成物を、細孔の幅が0.8μmのフィルターを通して加圧濾過した後、シリコンウエハ上にスピニング(3500rpm、30秒)して適用した。感光性樹脂組成物を適用したシリコンウエハをホットプレート上で、100℃で5分間乾燥し、シリコンウエハ上に厚さ16μmの均一な感光性樹脂組成物層を形成した。
[露光]
シリコンウエハ上の感光性樹脂組成物層を、ステッパー(Nikon NSR 2005 i9C)を用いて露光した。露光はi線で行い、波長365nmにおいて、200、300、400、500、600、700、800mJ/cm2の各露光エネルギーで、5μm~25μmまで1μm刻みのラインアンドスペースのフォトマスクを使用して、露光を行った。
露光した感光性樹脂組成物層を、シクロペンタノンで60秒間現像した。良好なエッジの鋭さを持つことができた感光性樹脂組成物層の線幅を以下の基準で評価した。線幅が小さければ小さいほど光照射部と光非照射部との現像液に対する溶解性の差が大きくなっていることを表し、好ましい結果となる。また、露光エネルギーの変化に対して、線幅の変化が小さければ、適性露光量範囲が広い即ち露光ラチチュードが広いことを表し、好ましい結果となる。結果を表7に示す。
A:5μmを超えて8μm以下
B:8μmを超えて10μm以下
C:10μmを超えて15μm以下
D:15μmを超えて20μm以下
E:20μmを超えた。
露光した感光性樹脂組成物層を、水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウム(TMAH)の0.262規定水溶液で75秒間を現像した。良好なエッジの鋭さを持つことができた感光性樹脂組成物層の線幅を以下の基準で評価した。線幅が小さければ小さいほど光照射部と光非照射部との現像液に対する溶解性の差が大きくなっていることを表し、好ましい結果となる。また、露光エネルギーの変化に対して、線幅の変化が小さければ、適性露光量範囲が広い即ち露光ラチチュードが広いことを表し、好ましい結果となる。結果を表7に示す。
A:5μmを超えて8μm以下
B:8μmを超えて10μm以下
C:10μmを超えて15μm以下
D:15μmを超えて20μm以下
E:20μmを超えた。
上記結果より、実施例の前駆体組成物を用いた感光性樹脂組成物は、露光ラチチュードが広かった。一方、比較例1~4の前駆体組成物を用いた感光性樹脂組成物は、露光ラチチュードが狭かった。
実施例1の感光性樹脂組成物を、細孔の幅が0.8μmのフィルターを通して加圧濾過した後、銅薄層が形成された樹脂基板にスピニング(3500rpm、30秒)して適用した。樹脂基板に適用した感光性樹脂組成物を、100℃で5分間乾燥した後、アライナー(Karl-Suss MA150)を用いて露光した。露光は高圧水銀ランプで行い、波長365nmでの露光エネルギーを測定した。露光の後、シクロペンタノンで75秒間画像を現像した。
次いで、180℃で20分加熱した。このようにして、再配線層用層間絶縁膜を形成した。
この再配線層用層間絶縁膜は、絶縁性に優れていた。
また、この再配線層用層間絶縁膜を使用して半導体デバイスを製造したところ、問題なく動作することを確認した。
101a~101d:半導体素子
101:積層体
102b~10d:貫通電極
103a~103e:金属バンプ
105:再配線層
110、110a、110b:アンダーフィル層
115:絶縁層
120:配線基板
120a:表面電極
Claims (19)
- 複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の少なくとも一種を含み、
前記複素環含有ポリマー前駆体は、ポリイミド前駆体およびポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体から選択され、
前記複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の重量平均分子量/数平均分子量である分散度が2.5以上である、前駆体組成物。 - 前記複素環含有ポリマー前駆体が重合性不飽和基を有する、請求項1に記載の前駆体組成物。
- 前記分散度が2.8以上である、請求項1または2に記載の前駆体組成物。
- 前記複素環含有ポリマー前駆体として、重量平均分子量および構成する繰り返し単位の少なくとも1種が互いに異なる複素環含有ポリマー前駆体を、2種以上含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の前駆体組成物。
- 前記A1およびA2の少なくとも一方が、酸素原子である、請求項5に記載の前駆体組成物。
- 前記R112は、単結合、または、フッ素原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~10の炭化水素基、-O-、-C(=O)-、-S-、-SO2-および-NHCO-、ならびにこれらの組み合わせから選択される基である、請求項5または6に記載の前駆体組成物。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の前駆体組成物と光ラジカル重合開始剤とを含む、感光性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の前駆体組成物と光酸発生剤とを含む、感光性樹脂組成物。
- さらに、硬化性化合物を含む、請求項8または9に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記硬化性化合物が、エチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物を含む、請求項10に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記硬化性化合物が、エチレン性不飽和基を2個以上含む化合物である、請求項10に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 再配線層用層間絶縁膜形成用である、請求項8~12のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の前駆体組成物の製造方法であって、
複素環含有ポリマー前駆体であって、重量平均分子量が互いに異なる複素環含有ポリマー前駆体を、2種以上を用いることを含み、
前記複素環含有ポリマー前駆体は、ポリイミド前駆体およびポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体から選択される、前駆体組成物の製造方法。 - 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の前駆体組成物、または、請求項8~13のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物を硬化してなる、硬化膜。
- 再配線層用層間絶縁膜である、請求項15に記載の硬化膜。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の前駆体組成物、または、請求項8~13のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物を用いることを含む、硬化膜の製造方法。
- 前駆体組成物または感光性樹脂組成物を基板に適用する工程と、基板に適用された前駆体組成物または感光性樹脂組成物を硬化する工程とを有する、請求項17に記載の硬化膜の製造方法。
- 請求項15または16に記載の硬化膜、あるいは、請求項17または18に記載の製造方法で製造された硬化膜を有する、半導体デバイス。
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| KR1020177037212A KR101989422B1 (ko) | 2015-06-30 | 2016-06-29 | 전구체 조성물, 감광성 수지 조성물, 전구체 조성물의 제조 방법, 경화막, 경화막의 제조 방법 및 반도체 디바이스 |
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| JP6332022B2 (ja) | 2012-12-20 | 2018-05-30 | 東レ株式会社 | 感光性樹脂組成物、耐熱性樹脂膜の製造方法および表示装置 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20180118887A1 (en) | 2018-05-03 |
| KR101989422B1 (ko) | 2019-06-14 |
| CN107709408B (zh) | 2020-02-14 |
| KR20180012308A (ko) | 2018-02-05 |
| CN107709408A (zh) | 2018-02-16 |
| TWI701271B (zh) | 2020-08-11 |
| JPWO2017002858A1 (ja) | 2018-04-12 |
| US10526448B2 (en) | 2020-01-07 |
| JP6612343B2 (ja) | 2019-11-27 |
| TW201704297A (zh) | 2017-02-01 |
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