WO2017002361A1 - 二次電池電極用バインダー組成物、二次電池電極用スラリー組成物、二次電池用電極および二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池電極用バインダー組成物、二次電池電極用スラリー組成物、二次電池用電極および二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/42—Nitriles
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- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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- C08F220/44—Acrylonitrile
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- C08F236/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F236/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F236/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
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- C08F236/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F236/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F236/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
- C08F236/06—Butadiene
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- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/04—Reduction, e.g. hydrogenation
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- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/16—Homopolymers or copolymers or vinylidene fluoride
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- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of nitriles
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- C08L47/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- C08F2500/00—Characteristics or properties of obtained polyolefins; Use thereof
- C08F2500/17—Viscosity
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2800/00—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed
- C08F2800/20—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed as weight or mass percentages
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2293—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of nickel
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08K2201/001—Conductive additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/20—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a secondary battery electrode binder composition, a secondary battery electrode slurry composition, a secondary battery electrode, and a secondary battery.
- Secondary batteries such as lithium ion secondary batteries are small and light, have high energy density, and can be repeatedly charged and discharged, and are used in a wide range of applications. Therefore, in recent years, improvement of battery members such as electrodes has been studied for the purpose of further improving the performance of secondary batteries.
- an electrode used in a secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery is usually a current collector and an electrode mixture layer (a positive electrode mixture layer or a negative electrode mixture layer) formed on the current collector. It has. And this electrode compound material layer apply
- Patent Document 1 uses a binder composition containing, as a binder, a diene polymer hydrogenated product obtained by hydrogenating an unsaturated nitrile-conjugated diene copolymer to an iodine value of 120 or less. In this way, the electrode active material and the current collector are firmly adhered to improve the cycle characteristics of the secondary battery.
- a conductive material may be blended in the electrode mixture layer of the secondary battery, particularly the positive electrode mixture layer, in order to ensure electrical contact between the electrode active materials.
- the slurry composition used for forming the electrode mixture layer containing the conductive material is secured with coating properties. There is a demand for good dispersion of the electrode active material and the conductive material at a high concentration.
- the slurry composition containing the electrode active material, the conductive material, and the conventional binder composition cannot satisfactorily disperse the electrode active material and the conductive material at a high concentration while ensuring the coatability. There was a thing. Therefore, in an electrode formed using a slurry composition containing an electrode active material, a conductive material, and the conventional binder composition, an electrode mixture layer with high density and uniformity cannot be formed satisfactorily. Moreover, in the secondary battery including the electrode, battery characteristics such as output characteristics cannot be sufficiently improved.
- the present invention enables the electrode active material and the conductive material to be well dispersed at a high concentration while ensuring the coatability when used for the preparation of the slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes. It aims at providing the binder composition for secondary battery electrodes. Another object of the present invention is to provide a slurry composition for a secondary battery electrode in which an electrode active material and a conductive material are well dispersed at a high concentration while ensuring coatability. Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery electrode that can sufficiently improve the battery characteristics of the secondary battery and a secondary battery excellent in battery characteristics such as output characteristics.
- the present inventor has intensively studied for the purpose of solving the above problems. And this inventor is for secondary battery electrodes which contain as a binder the copolymer which has an alkylene structural unit and a nitrile group containing monomer unit, and has predetermined Mooney viscosity (ML1 + 4 , 100 degreeC).
- ML1 + 4 , 100 degreeC Mooney viscosity
- the present invention aims to advantageously solve the above problems, and the binder composition for a secondary battery electrode of the present invention is a binder composition for a secondary battery electrode containing a binder.
- the binder contains an alkylene structural unit and a nitrile group-containing monomer unit, and a copolymer having a Mooney viscosity (ML 1 + 4 , 100 ° C.) of 50 or more and 200 or less. To do.
- a copolymer containing an alkylene structural unit and a nitrile group-containing monomer unit and having a Mooney viscosity (ML 1 + 4 , 100 ° C.) of 50 or more and 200 or less is contained as a binder
- the electrode active material and the conductive material can be well dispersed at a high concentration while ensuring the coatability. it can.
- “Mooney viscosity (ML 1 + 4 , 100 ° C.)” can be measured at a temperature of 100 ° C. in accordance with JIS K6300-1.
- the said copolymer contains the said alkylene structural unit in the ratio of 40 to 80 mass%. If the ratio of the alkylene structural unit in a copolymer is 40 mass% or more and 80 mass% or less, when the slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes is prepared, the dispersibility of a electrically conductive material can further be improved.
- the “ratio of each repeating unit (structural unit and monomer unit) in the copolymer” can be measured using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method such as 1 H-NMR. .
- the copolymer preferably contains the nitrile group-containing monomer unit in a proportion of 10% by mass to 55% by mass.
- the proportion of the nitrile group-containing monomer unit in the copolymer is 10% by mass or more and 55% by mass or less, it is formed using a slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes including a binder composition for secondary battery electrodes. The peel strength and flexibility of the electrode mixture layer can be increased.
- the said copolymer does not contain a hydrophilic group containing monomer unit substantially. If the copolymer does not substantially contain a hydrophilic group-containing monomer unit, the dispersibility of the conductive material can be further improved when a slurry composition for a secondary battery electrode is prepared.
- substantially no hydrophilic group-containing monomer unit means that the proportion of the hydrophilic group-containing monomer unit in all repeating units constituting the copolymer is 0% by mass. It means that it is less than 0.05% by mass.
- the slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes of this invention is an electrode active material, a electrically conductive material, and the secondary battery electrode mentioned above. Any of the binder compositions for use. Thus, if the binder composition for secondary battery electrodes described above is used, the slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes in which the electrode active material and the conductive material are well dispersed at a high concentration while ensuring the coatability. Is obtained.
- the electrode active material contains a Ni-containing active material
- the binder contains 60% by mass or more of the copolymer.
- the electrode active material contains a Ni-containing active material
- the proportion of the copolymer in the binder is 60% by mass or more, the stability and coatability of the slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes can be improved. it can.
- the electrode for secondary batteries of this invention was formed using either of the slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes mentioned above.
- An electrode mixture layer is provided.
- the present invention aims to advantageously solve the above-mentioned problems, and the secondary battery of the present invention is characterized by comprising the above-described secondary battery electrode.
- the secondary battery electrode described above is used, battery characteristics such as output characteristics can be sufficiently improved.
- a secondary when used for the preparation of a slurry composition for a secondary battery electrode, a secondary that can satisfactorily disperse the electrode active material and the conductive material at a high concentration while ensuring coatability.
- a binder composition for battery electrodes can be provided.
- a secondary battery that can sufficiently improve the battery characteristics of the secondary battery and a secondary battery excellent in battery characteristics such as output characteristics.
- the binder composition for secondary battery electrodes of the present invention can be used when preparing a slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes.
- the slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes prepared using the binder composition for secondary battery electrodes of this invention can be used when forming the electrode of secondary batteries, such as a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the secondary battery of the present invention is characterized by using a secondary battery electrode formed by using the slurry composition for a secondary battery electrode of the present invention.
- the binder composition for secondary battery electrodes and the slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes of the present invention can be particularly suitably used when forming the positive electrode of the secondary battery.
- the binder composition for a secondary battery electrode of the present invention contains a binder and a solvent, and optionally further contains other components that can be blended in the electrode of the secondary battery.
- the binder contains an alkylene structural unit and a nitrile group-containing monomer unit, and has a Mooney viscosity (ML 1 + 4 , 100 ° C.) of 50 or more and 200. It is characterized by including the following copolymer.
- the binder composition for secondary battery electrodes of the present invention since it contains a copolymer containing an alkylene structural unit as a binder, when used for the preparation of a slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes The conductive material can be well dispersed. Moreover, according to the binder composition for secondary battery electrodes of the present invention, since it contains a copolymer containing a nitrile group-containing monomer unit as a binder, the binder composition for secondary battery electrodes is used. Excellent peel strength and flexibility can be exhibited in the electrode mixture layer formed in this manner.
- the electrode active material is good when used for the preparation of the slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes. Can be dispersed.
- the binder composition for secondary battery electrodes of the present invention since the Mooney viscosity of the copolymer is 200 or less, the electrode active material and the conductive material are dispersed at a high concentration while ensuring the coatability. be able to.
- the binder composition for a secondary battery electrode of the present invention if used, a slurry composition for a secondary battery electrode in which an electrode active material and a conductive material are well dispersed at a high concentration while ensuring coatability is prepared. And since the electrode compound-material layer of an electrode can be formed using the said slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes, the secondary battery excellent in battery characteristics, such as an output characteristic, can be obtained.
- the binder is included in the electrode mixture layer in the electrode manufactured by forming the electrode mixture layer on the current collector using the slurry composition for the secondary battery electrode prepared using the binder composition. It keeps so that the component to be removed may not be detached from the electrode mixture layer.
- the binder composition for secondary battery electrodes of the present invention comprises a copolymer containing an alkylene structural unit and a nitrile group-containing monomer unit as a binder and having a Mooney viscosity of 50 or more and 200 or less. At least, optionally further containing other polymers.
- the copolymer needs to contain an alkylene structural unit and a nitrile group-containing monomer unit as a repeating unit, and optionally a repeating unit other than the alkylene structural unit and the nitrile group-containing monomer unit (hereinafter referred to as “repeating unit”). , "Other repeating units").
- the alkylene structural unit is a repeating unit composed only of an alkylene structure represented by the general formula: —C n H 2n —, where n is an integer of 2 or more.
- a copolymer has an alkylene structural unit, when it is used for preparation of the slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes containing a electrically conductive material, while being able to improve the dispersibility of an electrically conductive material.
- the conductive material can be prevented from aggregating in the slurry composition, and the dispersion stability of the slurry composition can be improved.
- the alkylene structural unit may be linear or branched, but from the viewpoint of further improving the dispersion stability of the slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes, the alkylene structural unit is linear. It is preferably a linear alkylene structural unit. From the viewpoint of further improving the dispersion stability of the slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes, the alkylene structural unit has 4 or more carbon atoms (that is, n in the above general formula is an integer of 4 or more). Is preferred.
- the method for introducing the alkylene structural unit into the copolymer is not particularly limited.
- the following method (1) or (2) (1) Method of converting a conjugated diene monomer unit into an alkylene structural unit by preparing a copolymer from a monomer composition containing a conjugated diene monomer and hydrogenating the copolymer (2 And a method of preparing a copolymer from a monomer composition containing a 1-olefin monomer.
- the method (1) is preferable because the production of the copolymer is easy.
- conjugated diene monomer examples include conjugated diene compounds having 4 or more carbon atoms such as 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, and 1,3-pentadiene. . Of these, 1,3-butadiene is preferred. That is, the alkylene structural unit is preferably a structural unit obtained by hydrogenating a conjugated diene monomer unit (conjugated diene hydride unit), and a structural unit obtained by hydrogenating a 1,3-butadiene unit (1 , 3-butadiene hydride unit).
- the selective hydrogenation of the conjugated diene monomer unit can be performed using a known method such as an oil layer hydrogenation method or an aqueous layer hydrogenation method.
- a known method such as an oil layer hydrogenation method or an aqueous layer hydrogenation method.
- the 1-olefin monomer include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene and the like. These conjugated diene monomers and 1-olefin monomers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content rate of the alkylene structural unit in a copolymer is 40 mass% or more when all the repeating units (total of a structural unit and a monomer unit) in a copolymer are 100 mass%. It is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, further preferably 80% by mass or less, and more preferably 70% by mass or less.
- the content ratio of the alkylene structural unit is set to the upper limit value or less, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the solubility of the copolymer in a solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and The dispersion effect can be exhibited sufficiently.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- the nitrile group-containing monomer unit is a repeating unit derived from a nitrile group-containing monomer. And since the copolymer contains the nitrile group containing monomer unit, it can exhibit the outstanding softness
- examples of the nitrile group-containing monomer capable of forming a nitrile group-containing monomer unit include ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated nitrile monomers.
- the ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated nitrile monomer is not particularly limited as long as it is an ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated compound having a nitrile group.
- acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile are preferable as the nitrile group-containing monomer from the viewpoint of increasing the cohesive strength of the copolymer, and acrylonitrile is more preferable. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content ratio of the nitrile group-containing monomer unit in the copolymer is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, when the total repeating units in the copolymer are 100% by mass. 25% by mass or more is more preferable, 30% by mass or more is particularly preferable, 55% by mass or less is preferable, 50% by mass or less is more preferable, and 40% by mass or less is more preferable. If the content ratio of the nitrile group-containing monomer unit in the copolymer is not less than the above lower limit, the binding strength of the copolymer is improved and the peel strength of the electrode mixture layer formed using the binder composition is increased. It can be raised enough.
- the content ratio of the nitrile group-containing monomer unit in the copolymer is not more than the above upper limit value, the flexibility of the copolymer can be increased, so the electrode mixture formed using the binder composition It can suppress that the softness
- repeating units other than the alkylene structural unit and the nitrile group-containing monomer unit described above are not particularly limited, and a repeating unit derived from a known monomer copolymerizable with the monomer described above, Examples thereof include (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer units and hydrophilic group-containing monomer units.
- examples of other repeating units include aromatic vinyl monomer units derived from aromatic vinyl monomers such as styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, butoxystyrene, and vinylnaphthalene.
- these monomers can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- “(meth) acryl” means acryl and / or methacryl.
- (meth) acrylic acid ester monomers that can form a (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer unit include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, t- Acrylic acid such as butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-pentyl acrylate, isopentyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, heptyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, n-tetradecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate Alkyl ester; methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n- Tyl methacrylate, t-
- examples of the hydrophilic group-containing monomer that can form a hydrophilic group-containing monomer unit include polymerizable monomers having a hydrophilic group.
- examples of the hydrophilic group-containing monomer include a monomer having a carboxylic acid group, a monomer having a sulfonic acid group, a monomer having a phosphoric acid group, and a monomer having a hydroxyl group. Is mentioned.
- Examples of the monomer having a carboxylic acid group include monocarboxylic acids and derivatives thereof, dicarboxylic acids and acid anhydrides, and derivatives thereof.
- Examples of monocarboxylic acids include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and crotonic acid.
- Examples of monocarboxylic acid derivatives include 2-ethylacrylic acid, isocrotonic acid, ⁇ -acetoxyacrylic acid, ⁇ -trans-aryloxyacrylic acid, ⁇ -chloro- ⁇ -E-methoxyacrylic acid, ⁇ -diaminoacrylic acid, and the like.
- Examples of the dicarboxylic acid include maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and the like.
- Dicarboxylic acid derivatives include methylmaleic acid, dimethylmaleic acid, phenylmaleic acid, chloromaleic acid, dichloromaleic acid, fluoromaleic acid, methylallyl maleate, diphenyl maleate, nonyl maleate, decyl maleate, dodecyl maleate And maleate esters such as octadecyl maleate and fluoroalkyl maleate.
- the acid anhydride of dicarboxylic acid include maleic anhydride, acrylic anhydride, methyl maleic anhydride, and dimethyl maleic anhydride.
- generates a carboxyl group by hydrolysis can also be used.
- monoesters and diesters of ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated polyvalent carboxylic acids such as monobutyl itaconate and dibutyl itaconate.
- Examples of monomers having a sulfonic acid group include vinyl sulfonic acid, methyl vinyl sulfonic acid, (meth) allyl sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, (meth) acrylic acid-2-ethyl sulfonate, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl. Examples thereof include propanesulfonic acid and 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid.
- “(meth) allyl” means allyl and / or methallyl.
- Examples of the monomer having a phosphate group include 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl phosphate, methyl-2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl phosphate, ethyl phosphate- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl, and the like.
- (meth) acryloyl means acryloyl and / or methacryloyl.
- Examples of the monomer having a hydroxyl group include ethylenically unsaturated alcohols such as (meth) allyl alcohol, 3-buten-1-ol and 5-hexen-1-ol; 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, acrylic acid-2 Ethylenic acid such as hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, di-2-hydroxyethyl maleate, di-4-hydroxybutyl maleate, di-2-hydroxypropyl itaconate Unsaturated carboxylic acid alkanol esters; general formula: CH 2 ⁇ CR 1 —COO— (C q H 2q O) p —H (wherein p is an integer of 2 to 9, q is an integer of 2 to 4, esters R 1 is a polyalkylene glycol and (meth) acrylic acid represented by a hydrogen atom or a methyl group); 2- arsenide Mono (meth) acrylic acid esters of dihydroxy esters of dicarbox
- the content rate of the other repeating unit in a copolymer becomes like this.
- it is 25 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 10 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 1 mass% or less, and a copolymer contains other repeating units. It is particularly preferable not to contain it. That is, the copolymer is preferably composed only of an alkylene structural unit and a nitrile group-containing monomer unit. This is because if a copolymer having a small content of other repeating units is used, the electrode active material and the conductive material can be dispersed at a high concentration while ensuring the coatability of the slurry composition.
- the copolymer mentioned above does not contain a hydrophilic group containing monomer unit substantially.
- the hydrophilic group promotes the aggregation of the conductive material in the slurry composition, so that the conductive material is increased while ensuring the coatability. This is because it may be difficult to prepare a slurry composition dispersed at a concentration.
- the copolymer needs to have a Mooney viscosity (ML 1 + 4 , 100 ° C.) of 50 or more and 200 or less, and the copolymer has a Mooney viscosity (ML 1 + 4 , 100 ° C.) of preferably 90 or more. 100 or more, more preferably 110 or more, preferably 150 or less, more preferably 130 or less, and still more preferably 120 or less.
- the Mooney viscosity of the copolymer When the Mooney viscosity of the copolymer is less than the above lower limit value, a substance having a high density such as an electrode active material settles in the slurry composition, and thus both the electrode active material and the conductive material are well dispersed. A slurry composition cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the Mooney viscosity of the copolymer exceeds the above upper limit, it becomes difficult to ensure the coatability of the slurry composition if the concentration of the copolymer in the slurry composition is high. In order to achieve both dispersibility, it is necessary to keep the solid content concentration of the slurry composition low.
- the Mooney viscosity of the copolymer is, for example, the copolymer composition, structure (eg, linearity), molecular weight, gel content, copolymer preparation conditions (eg, amount of chain transfer agent used, polymerization) It can be adjusted by changing the temperature, the conversion rate at the end of the polymerization. Specifically, the Mooney viscosity of the copolymer decreases as the amount of the chain transfer agent used for preparing the copolymer is increased.
- the iodine value of the copolymer is preferably 3 mg / 100 mg or more, more preferably 8 mg / 100 mg or more, preferably 60 mg / 100 mg or less, more preferably 30 mg / 100 mg or less. Preferably, it is more preferably 10 mg / 100 mg or less. If the iodine value of the copolymer is within the above range, the copolymer is chemically structurally stable with respect to a high potential, and the electrode structure can be maintained even in a long-term cycle. A secondary battery can be provided. The iodine value can be determined according to JIS K6235; 2006.
- the content ratio of each monomer in the monomer composition used for the preparation of the copolymer can be determined according to the content ratio of each repeating unit in the copolymer.
- the polymerization mode is not particularly limited, and any method such as a solution polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, a bulk polymerization method, and an emulsion polymerization method can be used.
- As the polymerization reaction any reaction such as ionic polymerization, radical polymerization, and living radical polymerization can be used.
- the hydrogenation method of the polymer is not particularly limited, and a general method using a catalyst (for example, see International Publication No. 2012/165120, International Publication No. 2013/080989 and JP2013-8485A). Can be used.
- the usage-amount of a chain transfer agent shall be 0.1 mass part or more per 100 mass parts of total of the monomer in a monomer composition. Preferably, it is 0.15 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.6 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 0.5 parts by mass or less.
- the binder may contain other polymers in addition to the predetermined copolymer described above.
- you may mix another polymer with the copolymer mentioned above at the time of preparation of the slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes.
- polymers that can function as a binder together with the above-described copolymer are not particularly limited, and include fluorine-containing polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, and polymethyl methacrylate. .
- the proportion of the other polymer in the binder is preferably 95% by mass or less, more preferably 60% by mass or less, still more preferably 40% by mass or less, and 20% by mass. It is even more preferable that the content is 0% by mass (that is, no other polymer is contained).
- the ratio of the other polymer in the binder is high, the effect of dispersing the conductive material by the copolymer cannot be obtained sufficiently, and a slurry composition in which the electrode active material and the conductive material are dispersed at a high concentration is obtained. There is a possibility that it cannot be done.
- the ratio of the other polymer in the binder is low (that is, the copolymer weight). It is preferable that the ratio of coalescence is high.
- the proportion of the copolymer in the binder is preferably 60% by mass or more. 80% by mass or more, more preferably 100% by mass.
- the alkali used in production usually remains, when other polymers, particularly fluorine-containing polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride, and the Ni-containing active material are used in combination. This is because other polymers may gelate due to the alkaline component eluted from the Ni-containing active material, and the stability of the slurry composition may decrease.
- the copolymer is a fluorine-containing monomer unit in all repeating units constituting the copolymer.
- the ratio is preferably 0% by mass or more and 1% by mass or less.
- an organic solvent can be used, without being specifically limited.
- the organic solvent include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, t-butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, nonanol, decanol, amyl alcohol and the like, Ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone, esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran, amide polarities such as N, N-dimethylformamide and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP)
- organic solvents aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene,
- the binder composition for a secondary battery electrode of the present invention may contain components such as a reinforcing material, a leveling agent, a viscosity modifier, and an electrolyte solution additive in addition to the above components. These are not particularly limited as long as they do not affect the battery reaction, and known ones such as those described in International Publication No. 2012/115096 can be used. Moreover, these components may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- the slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes of the present invention includes an electrode active material, a conductive material, and the binder composition described above, and optionally further includes other components. That is, the slurry composition for a secondary battery electrode of the present invention contains an electrode active material, a conductive material, a binder containing the above-described copolymer, and a solvent, and optionally further contains other components. contains. And since the slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes of this invention contains the binder composition mentioned above, an electrode active material and an electrically conductive material can be disperse
- the electrode provided with the electrode mixture layer formed using the slurry composition for a secondary battery electrode of the present invention can exhibit excellent battery characteristics for the secondary battery.
- the slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes is a slurry composition for lithium ion secondary battery positive electrodes
- this invention is not limited to the following example.
- the electrode active material is a material that transfers electrons at the electrode of the secondary battery.
- a positive electrode active material for lithium ion secondary batteries the substance which can occlude and discharge
- a material having a large specific gravity for example, a density of 3.5 g / cm 3 or more
- the binder composition containing the copolymer described above is used, sedimentation of the electrode active material can be suppressed.
- the positive electrode active material for the lithium ion secondary battery is not particularly limited, and lithium-containing cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ), lithium-containing nickel oxide (LiNiO 2 ), Co—Ni—Mn lithium-containing composite oxide (Li (Co Mn Ni) O 2 ), Ni—Mn—Al lithium-containing composite oxide, Ni—Co—Al lithium-containing composite oxide Olivine type lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ), olivine type lithium manganese phosphate (LiMnPO 4 ), Li 2 MnO 3 —LiNiO 2 solid solution, Li 1 + x Mn 2 ⁇ x O 4 (0 ⁇ X ⁇ 2) Li-rich spinel compound, Li [Ni 0.17 Li 0.2 Co 0.07 Mn 0.56 ] O 2 , LiN Known positive electrode active materials such as i 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 may be mentioned.
- the compounding quantity and particle size of a positive electrode active materials such as
- the positive electrode active material preferably includes a Ni-containing active material containing nickel.
- x in the above general formula is preferably 0.40 or more, and more preferably 0.60 or more.
- the conductive material is for ensuring electrical contact between the electrode active materials.
- carbon black for example, acetylene black, ketjen black (registered trademark), furnace black, etc.
- graphite carbon fiber, carbon flake, and ultra-short carbon fiber (for example, carbon nanotube or vapor grown carbon)
- Conductive carbon materials such as fibers); fibers and foils of various metals can be used.
- carbon black is preferable, and acetylene black is more preferable. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a binder composition containing a copolymer containing an alkylene structural unit for example, a conductive material made of a conductive carbon material is used.
- the conductive material can be dispersed well and stably.
- the content rate of the electrically conductive material in the slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes is 0.5 mass% or more in conversion of solid content, It is more preferable that it is 1.5 mass% or more, 7 It is preferable that it is mass% or less, and it is more preferable that it is 3.5 mass% or less. If the amount of the conductive material is too small, there may be a case where sufficient electrical contact between the electrode active materials cannot be ensured. On the other hand, if the amount of the conductive material is too large, the viscosity stability of the slurry composition may be lowered, the density of the electrode mixture layer may be lowered, and the secondary battery cannot be sufficiently increased in capacity. There is a fear.
- the binder composition for secondary battery electrodes of the present invention As a binder composition, the binder composition for secondary battery electrodes of the present invention described above is used.
- the content ratio of the binder composition in the slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes is, for example, preferably 0.5% by mass or more, more preferably 1% by mass or more, and preferably 2% by mass or less in terms of solid content. . If the content ratio of the binder composition in the slurry composition is 0.5% by mass or more in terms of solid content, the electrode active material and the conductive material can be favorably dispersed at a high concentration while ensuring the coatability. it can.
- the content rate of the binder composition in a slurry composition is 2 mass% or less in conversion of solid content, the ratio for which a binder accounts in the electrode compound-material layer formed using the slurry composition will increase. Can be suppressed, and a reduction in the capacity of the secondary battery can be suppressed.
- Other components that can be blended in the slurry composition are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include those similar to other components that can be blended in the binder composition of the present invention.
- the other component may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- the slurry composition described above can be prepared by dissolving or dispersing the above components in a solvent such as an organic solvent. Specifically, by mixing each of the above components and a solvent using a mixer such as a ball mill, sand mill, bead mill, pigment disperser, crushed grinder, ultrasonic disperser, homogenizer, planetary mixer, fill mix, etc. A slurry composition can be prepared.
- a solvent which can be used for preparation of a slurry composition the thing similar to the solvent which can be mix
- a solvent used for preparation of a slurry composition you may use the solvent contained in the binder composition.
- An electrode for a secondary battery of the present invention includes a current collector and an electrode mixture layer formed on the current collector, and the electrode mixture layer is formed using the slurry composition for a secondary battery electrode. ing. That is, the electrode mixture layer contains at least an electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder containing a copolymer. In addition, each component contained in the electrode mixture layer is contained in the slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes, and a suitable abundance ratio of each component is in the slurry composition. It is the same as the preferred abundance ratio of each component.
- the slurry composition containing the secondary battery electrode binder composition according to the present invention since the slurry composition containing the secondary battery electrode binder composition according to the present invention is used, the electrode active material and the conductive material are well dispersed at a high concentration. A high-density electrode mixture layer can be satisfactorily formed on the current collector using the slurry composition. Therefore, when the electrode is used, a secondary battery excellent in battery characteristics such as output characteristics can be obtained.
- the secondary battery electrode of the present invention includes, for example, a step of applying the above-described slurry composition on a current collector (application step), and a slurry composition applied on the current collector by drying. It is manufactured through a step (drying step) of forming an electrode mixture layer on the electric body.
- the method for applying the slurry composition onto the current collector is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used. Specifically, as a coating method, a doctor blade method, a dip method, a reverse roll method, a direct roll method, a gravure method, an extrusion method, a brush coating method, or the like can be used. At this time, the slurry composition may be applied to only one side of the current collector or may be applied to both sides. The thickness of the slurry film on the current collector after application and before drying can be appropriately set according to the thickness of the electrode mixture layer obtained by drying.
- an electrically conductive and electrochemically durable material is used as the current collector to which the slurry composition is applied.
- the current collector for example, a current collector made of iron, copper, aluminum, nickel, stainless steel, titanium, tantalum, gold, platinum, or the like can be used.
- the said material may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- the method for drying the slurry composition on the current collector is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used. For example, a drying method using hot air, hot air, low-humidity air, vacuum drying method, infrared ray, electron beam, etc. The drying method by irradiation is mentioned. By drying the slurry composition on the current collector in this way, an electrode mixture layer is formed on the current collector, and a secondary battery electrode including the current collector and the electrode mixture layer can be obtained. it can.
- the electrode mixture layer may be subjected to pressure treatment using a die press or a roll press.
- the adhesion between the electrode mixture layer and the current collector can be improved by the pressure treatment.
- an electrode compound-material layer contains a curable polymer, it is preferable to harden the said polymer after formation of an electrode compound-material layer.
- the electrode mixture layer formed using the slurry composition is The density becomes sufficiently high, and the internal structure is not easily destroyed even when pressure treatment is performed. Therefore, if the slurry composition for secondary battery electrodes of the present invention is used, the battery characteristics of the secondary battery can be sufficiently improved even when pressure treatment or the like is performed during the production of the electrodes.
- the secondary battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolytic solution, and a separator, and uses the secondary battery electrode of the present invention as at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. And since the secondary battery of this invention is equipped with the electrode for secondary batteries of this invention, it is excellent in battery characteristics, such as an output characteristic. In addition, it is preferable that the secondary battery of this invention uses the electrode for secondary batteries of this invention as a positive electrode. Moreover, although the case where a secondary battery is a lithium ion secondary battery is demonstrated as an example below, this invention is not limited to the following example.
- the electrodes other than the above-described secondary battery electrodes that can be used in the secondary battery of the present invention are not particularly limited, and known electrodes used for the production of secondary batteries are used. Can do.
- an electrode other than the secondary battery electrode described above an electrode formed by forming an electrode mixture layer on a current collector using a known production method can be used.
- an organic electrolytic solution in which a supporting electrolyte is dissolved in an organic solvent is usually used.
- a lithium salt is used as the supporting electrolyte for the lithium ion secondary battery.
- the lithium salt include LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiClO 4 , CF 3 SO 3 Li, C 4 F 9 SO 3 Li, CF 3 COOLi, (CF 3 CO) 2 NLi , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 NLi, (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) NLi, and the like.
- LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , and CF 3 SO 3 Li are preferable, and LiPF 6 is particularly preferable because it is easily dissolved in a solvent and exhibits a high degree of dissociation.
- electrolyte may be used individually by 1 type and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios. Usually, the lithium ion conductivity tends to increase as the supporting electrolyte having a higher degree of dissociation is used, so that the lithium ion conductivity can be adjusted depending on the type of the supporting electrolyte.
- the organic solvent used in the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the supporting electrolyte.
- the dielectric constant is high and a stable potential region is wide, it is preferable to use carbonates, and it is more preferable to use a mixture of ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate.
- the concentration of the electrolyte in the electrolytic solution can be adjusted as appropriate. For example, it is preferably 0.5 to 15% by mass, more preferably 2 to 13% by mass, and 5 to 10% by mass. Is more preferable.
- known additives such as fluoroethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl sulfone can be added to the electrolytic solution.
- the separator is not particularly limited, and for example, those described in JP 2012-204303 A can be used. Among these, the film thickness of the entire separator can be reduced, thereby increasing the ratio of the electrode active material in the secondary battery and increasing the capacity per volume.
- a microporous film made of a resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, or polyvinyl chloride is preferable.
- the secondary battery of the present invention includes, for example, a positive electrode and a negative electrode that are stacked with a separator interposed between them, wound as necessary according to the shape of the battery, folded into a battery container, and electrolyzed in the battery container. It can be manufactured by injecting and sealing the liquid. In order to prevent an increase in pressure inside the secondary battery, overcharge / discharge, and the like, a fuse, an overcurrent prevention element such as a PTC element, an expanded metal, a lead plate, and the like may be provided as necessary.
- the shape of the secondary battery may be any of, for example, a coin shape, a button shape, a sheet shape, a cylindrical shape, a square shape, and a flat shape.
- ⁇ Viscosity stability of slurry composition The obtained slurry composition was put into an airtight container and stored at 25 ° C. for 5 days while stirring at a rotation speed of 60 rpm using a mix rotor.
- viscosity stability was computed according to the following formula, and the following references
- Viscosity stability ( ⁇ 1 / ⁇ 0 ) ⁇ 100% A: Viscosity stability is 90% or more and 110% or less B: Viscosity stability is 80% or more and less than 90% C: Viscosity stability is 70% or more and less than 80% D: Viscosity stability is less than 70% or more than 110% ⁇ Sedimentability of slurry composition> The obtained slurry composition was allowed to stand without stirring, and the presence or absence of sedimentation of the electrode active material was confirmed after 5 days at 25 ° C. And it evaluated on the following references
- Example 1 Preparation of copolymer> In an autoclave equipped with a stirrer, 240 parts of ion exchange water, 2.5 parts of sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate as an emulsifier, 35 parts of acrylonitrile as a nitrile group-containing monomer, 0.25 part of t-dodecyl mercaptan as a chain transfer agent Were added in this order, and the interior was purged with nitrogen.
- the autoclave was returned to atmospheric pressure, and further 25 mg of palladium acetate as a hydrogenation reaction catalyst was dissolved in 60 mL of ion-exchanged water added with 4-fold mol of nitric acid with respect to Pd and added.
- the autoclave contents were heated to 50 ° C. with hydrogen gas pressure up to 3 MPa, and the hydrogenation reaction (second stage hydrogenation reaction) was performed for 6 hours. It was. Thereafter, the contents were returned to room temperature, the inside of the system was changed to a nitrogen atmosphere, and then concentrated using an evaporator until the solid content concentration became 40% to obtain an aqueous dispersion of the copolymer.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- a 40% aqueous dispersion of a styrene-butadiene copolymer (glass transition temperature of ⁇ 15 ° C.) as a binder and 1.0 part in terms of solid content is ion-exchanged. Water was added and the final solid concentration was adjusted to 50% and mixed for 10 minutes. This was defoamed under reduced pressure to obtain a slurry composition for a negative electrode having good fluidity.
- the obtained negative electrode slurry composition was applied on a copper foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, which is a current collector, with a comma coater so that the film thickness after drying was about 150 ⁇ m and dried.
- This drying was performed by conveying the copper foil in an oven at 60 ° C. at a speed of 0.5 m / min for 2 minutes. Thereafter, heat treatment was performed at 120 ° C. for 2 minutes to obtain a negative electrode raw material.
- This negative electrode original fabric was rolled with a roll press to obtain a negative electrode having a negative electrode mixture layer with a thickness of 80 ⁇ m.
- ⁇ Preparation of secondary battery separator> A single-layer polypropylene separator (width 65 mm, length 500 mm, thickness 25 ⁇ m, manufactured by a dry method, porosity 55%) was cut into a 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm square.
- An aluminum packaging exterior was prepared as the battery exterior.
- the positive electrode obtained above was cut into a 4 cm ⁇ 4 cm square and arranged so that the current collector-side surface was in contact with the aluminum packaging exterior.
- the square separator obtained above was disposed on the positive electrode mixture layer of the positive electrode.
- the negative electrode obtained above was cut into a square of 4.2 cm ⁇ 4.2 cm, and this was arranged on the separator so that the surface on the negative electrode mixture layer side faces the separator. Further, an electrolytic solution composed of a LiPF 6 solution having a concentration of 1.0 M and containing 1.5% of vinylene carbonate (VC) was filled.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- Example 2 The copolymer, binder composition, and slurry composition were the same as in Example 1 except that the amount of acrylonitrile was changed to 23 parts and the amount of 1,3-butadiene was changed to 77 parts when preparing the copolymer.
- An article, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a secondary battery were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 The copolymer, binder composition, and slurry composition were the same as in Example 1 except that the amount of acrylonitrile was changed to 52 parts and the amount of 1,3-butadiene was changed to 48 parts when preparing the copolymer.
- An article, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a secondary battery were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 The copolymer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of t-dodecyl mercaptan was changed to 0.45 part (Example 4) and 0.18 part (Example 5), respectively, at the time of preparing the copolymer.
- a binder composition, a slurry composition, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a secondary battery were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 6 Except that 35 parts of acrylonitrile and 20 parts of n-butyl acrylate as a (meth) acrylate monomer were added to the autoclave during the preparation of the copolymer, and the amount of 1,3-butadiene was changed to 45 parts.
- a copolymer, a binder composition, a slurry composition, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a secondary battery were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 7 When preparing the slurry composition for the positive electrode of the secondary battery, the binder composition containing the copolymer and the polyvinylidene fluoride as the other polymer are used as the binder, and the copolymer weight with respect to the total of the copolymer and the polyvinylidene fluoride.
- the proportion of the coalesced was 70% by mass (Example 7) and 50% by mass (Example 8) to obtain a slurry composition for a secondary battery positive electrode
- a copolymer, a binder composition, a slurry composition, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a secondary battery were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 9 Except that 35 parts of acrylonitrile and 3 parts of methacrylic acid as a hydrophilic group-containing monomer were added to the autoclave when the copolymer was prepared, and the amount of 1,3-butadiene was changed to 62 parts, the same as in Example 1. Then, a copolymer, a binder composition, a slurry composition, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a secondary battery were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 A slurry composition, a positive electrode, a positive electrode, a binder composition obtained by dissolving polyvinylidene fluoride in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent without using a copolymer were used. A negative electrode and a secondary battery were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 2 A copolymer, a binder composition, a slurry composition, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a secondary battery except that the amount of t-dodecyl mercaptan was changed to 0.05 parts at the time of preparing the copolymer. was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 The copolymer, binder composition, slurry composition, positive electrode, negative electrode and secondary battery were the same as in Example 1 except that the amount of t-dodecyl mercaptan was changed to 0.7 parts at the time of preparing the copolymer. However, the positive electrode active material in the slurry composition was heavily settled, and the evaluation of the slurry composition and the production of the positive electrode and the secondary battery using the slurry composition could not be performed.
- H-BD refers to 1,3-butadiene hydride units
- AN represents an acrylonitrile unit
- BA represents an n-butyl acrylate unit
- MAA indicates a methacrylic acid unit
- TDM indicates t-dodecyl mercaptan
- PVDF refers to polyvinylidene fluoride.
- the electrode active material and the conductive material can be favorably dispersed at a high concentration while ensuring the coatability during preparation of the slurry composition, and as a result, a secondary battery having excellent output characteristics can be obtained.
- a secondary when used for the preparation of a slurry composition for a secondary battery electrode, a secondary that can satisfactorily disperse the electrode active material and the conductive material at a high concentration while ensuring coatability.
- a binder composition for battery electrodes can be provided.
- a secondary battery that can sufficiently improve the battery characteristics of the secondary battery and a secondary battery excellent in battery characteristics such as output characteristics.
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Abstract
Description
具体的には、例えば特許文献1では、不飽和ニトリル-共役ジエン系共重合体をヨウ素価120以下に水素添加してなるジエン系重合体水素添加物を結着材として含むバインダー組成物を用いることにより、電極活物質と集電体とを強固に密着させて二次電池のサイクル特性を向上させている。
また、本発明は、塗工性を確保しつつ電極活物質と導電材とを高濃度で良好に分散させた二次電池電極用スラリー組成物を提供することを目的とする。
更に、本発明は、二次電池の電池特性を十分に向上させ得る二次電池用電極および出力特性等の電池特性に優れる二次電池を提供することを目的とする。
ここで、本発明において、「ムーニー粘度(ML1+4、100℃)」は、JIS K6300-1に準拠して温度100℃で測定することができる。
なお、本発明において、「共重合体中の各繰り返し単位(構造単位および単量体単位)の割合」は、1H-NMRなどの核磁気共鳴(NMR)法を用いて測定することができる。
なお、本発明において、「親水性基含有単量体単位を実質的に含有しない」とは、共重合体を構成する全繰り返し単位中の親水性基含有単量体単位の割合が0質量%以上0.05質量%未満であることを指す。
また、本発明によれば、塗工性を確保しつつ電極活物質と導電材とを高濃度で良好に分散させた二次電池電極用スラリー組成物を提供することができる。
更に、本発明によれば、二次電池の電池特性を十分に向上させ得る二次電池用電極および出力特性等の電池特性に優れる二次電池を提供することができる。
ここで、本発明の二次電池電極用バインダー組成物は、二次電池電極用スラリー組成物を調製する際に用いることができる。そして、本発明の二次電池電極用バインダー組成物を用いて調製した二次電池電極用スラリー組成物は、リチウムイオン二次電池等の二次電池の電極を形成する際に用いることができる。更に、本発明の二次電池は、本発明の二次電池電極用スラリー組成物を用いて形成した二次電池用電極を用いたことを特徴とする。
なお、本発明の二次電池電極用バインダー組成物および二次電池電極用スラリー組成物は、二次電池の正極を形成する際に特に好適に用いることができる。
本発明の二次電池電極用バインダー組成物は、結着材と、溶媒とを含み、任意に、二次電池の電極に配合され得るその他の成分を更に含有する。また、本発明の二次電池電極用バインダー組成物は、結着材が、アルキレン構造単位およびニトリル基含有単量体単位を含有し、且つ、ムーニー粘度(ML1+4、100℃)が50以上200以下である共重合体を含むことを特徴とする。
結着材は、バインダー組成物を用いて調製した二次電池電極用スラリー組成物を使用して集電体上に電極合材層を形成することにより製造した電極において、電極合材層に含まれる成分が電極合材層から脱離しないように保持する。そして、本発明の二次電池電極用バインダー組成物は、結着材として、アルキレン構造単位およびニトリル基含有単量体単位を含有し、且つ、ムーニー粘度が50以上200以下である共重合体を少なくとも含み、任意にその他の重合体を更に含有する。
ここで、共重合体は、繰り返し単位としてアルキレン構造単位およびニトリル基含有単量体単位を含有することを必要とし、任意に、アルキレン構造単位およびニトリル基含有単量体単位以外の繰り返し単位(以下、「その他の繰り返し単位」ということがある。)を更に含有する。
アルキレン構造単位は、一般式:-CnH2n-[但し、nは2以上の整数]で表わされるアルキレン構造のみで構成される繰り返し単位である。そして、共重合体は、アルキレン構造単位を有しているので、導電材を含む二次電池電極用スラリー組成物の調製に使用された際に、導電材の分散性を向上させることができると共に、導電材がスラリー組成物中で凝集するのを抑制して、スラリー組成物の分散安定性を高めることができる。
そして、共重合体へのアルキレン構造単位の導入方法は、特に限定はされないが、例えば以下の(1)または(2)の方法:
(1)共役ジエン単量体を含む単量体組成物から共重合体を調製し、当該共重合体に水素添加することで、共役ジエン単量体単位をアルキレン構造単位に変換する方法
(2)1-オレフィン単量体を含む単量体組成物から共重合体を調製する方法
が挙げられる。これらの中でも、(1)の方法が共重合体の製造が容易であり好ましい。
また、1-オレフィン単量体としては、例えば、エチレン、プロピレン、1-ブテン、1-ヘキセンなどが挙げられる。
これらの共役ジエン単量体や1-オレフィン単量体は、単独で、または、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
ニトリル基含有単量体単位は、ニトリル基含有単量体由来の繰り返し単位である。そして、共重合体は、ニトリル基含有単量体単位を含有しているので、優れた柔軟性および結着力を発揮することができる。従って、本発明の二次電池電極用バインダー組成物を含む二次電池電極用スラリー組成物を用いて形成した電極合材層は、優れたピール強度および柔軟性を発揮することができる。
これらは、単独で、または、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
上述したアルキレン構造単位およびニトリル基含有単量体単位以外のその他の繰り返し単位としては、特に限定されることなく、上述した単量体と共重合可能な既知の単量体に由来する繰り返し単位、例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単量体単位や親水性基含有単量体単位などが挙げられる。また、その他の繰り返し単位としては、スチレン、α-メチルスチレン、ブトキシスチレン、ビニルナフタレン等の芳香族ビニル単量体に由来する芳香族ビニル単量体単位なども挙げられる。
なお、これらの単量体は一種単独で、または、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。また、本発明において「(メタ)アクリル」とは、アクリルおよび/またはメタクリルを意味する。
モノカルボン酸としては、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、クロトン酸などが挙げられる。
モノカルボン酸誘導体としては、2-エチルアクリル酸、イソクロトン酸、α-アセトキシアクリル酸、β-trans-アリールオキシアクリル酸、α-クロロ-β-E-メトキシアクリル酸、β-ジアミノアクリル酸などが挙げられる。
ジカルボン酸としては、マレイン酸、フマル酸、イタコン酸などが挙げられる。
ジカルボン酸誘導体としては、メチルマレイン酸、ジメチルマレイン酸、フェニルマレイン酸、クロロマレイン酸、ジクロロマレイン酸、フルオロマレイン酸や、マレイン酸メチルアリル、マレイン酸ジフェニル、マレイン酸ノニル、マレイン酸デシル、マレイン酸ドデシル、マレイン酸オクタデシル、マレイン酸フルオロアルキルなどのマレイン酸エステルが挙げられる。
ジカルボン酸の酸無水物としては、無水マレイン酸、アクリル酸無水物、メチル無水マレイン酸、ジメチル無水マレイン酸などが挙げられる。
また、カルボン酸基を有する単量体としては、加水分解によりカルボキシル基を生成する酸無水物も使用できる。
その他、マレイン酸モノエチル、マレイン酸ジエチル、マレイン酸モノブチル、マレイン酸ジブチル、フマル酸モノエチル、フマル酸ジエチル、フマル酸モノブチル、フマル酸ジブチル、フマル酸モノシクロヘキシル、フマル酸ジシクロヘキシル、イタコン酸モノエチル、イタコン酸ジエチル、イタコン酸モノブチル、イタコン酸ジブチルなどのα,β-エチレン性不飽和多価カルボン酸のモノエステルおよびジエステルも挙げられる。
なお、本発明において「(メタ)アリル」とは、アリルおよび/またはメタリルを意味する。
なお、本発明において「(メタ)アクリロイル」とは、アクリロイルおよび/またはメタクリロイルを意味する。
また、共重合体は、ムーニー粘度(ML1+4、100℃)が50以上200以下であることを必要とし、共重合体のムーニー粘度(ML1+4、100℃)は、90以上であることが好ましく、100以上であることがより好ましく、110以上であることが更に好ましく、150以下であることが好ましく、130以下であることがより好ましく、120以下であることが更に好ましい。共重合体のムーニー粘度が上記下限値未満の場合、スラリー組成物中において電極活物質などの密度が大きい物質が沈降してしまうため、電極活物質と導電材との双方を良好に分散させたスラリー組成物を得ることができない。一方、共重合体のムーニー粘度が上記上限値超の場合、スラリー組成物中の共重合体の濃度が高いとスラリー組成物の塗工性を確保することが困難になるため、塗工性と分散性とを両立するためにはスラリー組成物の固形分濃度を低く保つ必要が生じる。従って、塗工性を確保しつつ電極活物質と導電材とを高濃度で分散させたスラリー組成物を得ることができない。また、共重合体のムーニー粘度を上記範囲内とすることにより、スラリー組成物とした際に、電極活物質や導電材を分散させるための好適な分子鎖の広がりが得られ、スラリー組成物の分散安定性をより向上させることができる。
なお、共重合体のムーニー粘度は、例えば、共重合体の組成、構造(例えば、直鎖率)、分子量、ゲル含有率、共重合体の調製条件(例えば、連鎖移動剤の使用量、重合温度、重合終了時の転化率)などを変更することにより調整することができる。具体的には、共重合体のムーニー粘度は、例えば、共重合体の調製に用いる連鎖移動剤の使用量を増加させれば、低下する。
なお、上述した共重合体の調製方法は特に限定されないが、例えば、上述した単量体を含む単量体組成物を、任意に連鎖移動剤の存在下において重合して共重合体を得た後、得られた共重合体を水素化(水素添加)することで調製することができる。
そして、重合様式は、特に制限なく、溶液重合法、懸濁重合法、塊状重合法、乳化重合法などのいずれの方法も用いることができる。また、重合反応としては、イオン重合、ラジカル重合、リビングラジカル重合などいずれの反応も用いることができる。
更に、重合体の水素化方法は、特に制限なく、触媒を用いる一般的な方法(例えば、国際公開第2012/165120号、国際公開第2013/080989号および特開2013-8485号公報参照)を使用することができる。
そして、結着材は、上述した所定の共重合体以外に、その他の重合体を含有していても良い。なお、その他の重合体を結着材として用いる場合、その他の重合体は、二次電池電極用スラリー組成物の調製時に上述した共重合体と混合してもよい。
ここで、Ni含有活物質と組み合わせて使用した際の共重合体のゲル化を抑制する観点からは、共重合体は、共重合体を構成する全繰り返し単位中のフッ素含有単量体単位の割合が0質量%以上1質量%以下であることが好ましい。
また、二次電池電極用バインダー組成物の溶媒としては、特に限定されることなく、有機溶媒を用いることができる。そして、有機溶媒としては、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、n-プロパノール、イソプロパノール、n-ブタノール、イソブタノール、t-ブタノール、ペンタノール、ヘキサノール、ヘプタノール、オクタノール、ノナノール、デカノール、アミルアルコールなどのアルコール類、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノンなどのケトン類、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチルなどのエステル類、ジエチルエーテル、ジオキサン、テトラヒドロフランなどのエーテル類、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N-メチルピロリドン(NMP)などのアミド系極性有機溶媒、トルエン、キシレン、クロロベンゼン、オルトジクロロベンゼン、パラジクロロベンゼンなどの芳香族炭化水素類などが挙げられる。これらは、1種類を単独で用いてもよいし、2種類以上を混合して用いてもよい。
中でも、溶媒としては、NMPが好ましい。
本発明の二次電池電極用バインダー組成物は、上記成分の他に、補強材、レベリング剤、粘度調整剤、電解液添加剤等の成分を含有していてもよい。これらは、電池反応に影響を及ぼさないものであれば特に限られず、公知のもの、例えば国際公開第2012/115096号に記載のものを使用することができる。また、これらの成分は、1種類を単独で用いてもよく、2種類以上を任意の比率で組み合わせて用いてもよい。
本発明の二次電池電極用スラリー組成物は、電極活物質と、導電材と、上述したバインダー組成物とを含み、任意にその他の成分を更に含有する。即ち、本発明の二次電池電極用スラリー組成物は、電極活物質と、導電材と、上述した共重合体を含む結着材と、溶媒とを含有し、任意に、その他の成分を更に含有する。そして、本発明の二次電池電極用スラリー組成物は、上述したバインダー組成物を含んでいるので、塗工性を確保しつつ電極活物質と導電材とを高濃度で分散させることができる。従って、本発明の二次電池電極用スラリー組成物を用いて形成した電極合材層を備える電極は、二次電池に優れた電池特性を発揮させることができる。
なお、以下では、一例として二次電池電極用スラリー組成物がリチウムイオン二次電池正極用スラリー組成物である場合について説明するが、本発明は下記の一例に限定されるものではない。
電極活物質は、二次電池の電極において電子の受け渡しをする物質である。そして、リチウムイオン二次電池用の正極活物質としては、通常は、リチウムを吸蔵および放出し得る物質を用いる。
なお、電極活物質としては、一般に、比重が大きい(例えば、密度が3.5g/cm3以上である)物質が用いられることが多いが、本発明の二次電池電極用スラリー組成物では、上述した共重合体を含むバインダー組成物を用いているので、電極活物質の沈降を抑制することができる。
なお、正極活物質の配合量や粒径は、特に限定されることなく、従来使用されている正極活物質と同様とすることができる。
導電材は、電極活物質同士の電気的接触を確保するためのものである。そして、導電材としては、カーボンブラック(例えば、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック(登録商標)、ファーネスブラックなど)、グラファイト、炭素繊維、カーボンフレーク、炭素超短繊維(例えば、カーボンナノチューブや気相成長炭素繊維など)等の導電性炭素材料;各種金属のファイバー、箔などを用いることができる。中でも、導電材としては、カーボンブラックが好ましく、アセチレンブラックがより好ましい。
これらは一種単独で、または、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
バインダー組成物としては、上述した本発明の二次電池電極用バインダー組成物を用いる。
ここで、二次電池電極用スラリー組成物中のバインダー組成物の含有割合は、例えば、固形分換算で0.5質量%以上が好ましく、1質量%以上がより好ましく、2質量%以下が好ましい。スラリー組成物中のバインダー組成物の含有割合が固形分換算で0.5質量%以上であれば、塗工性を確保しつつ電極活物質と導電材とを高濃度で良好に分散させることができる。また、スラリー組成物中のバインダー組成物の含有割合が固形分換算で2質量%以下であれば、スラリー組成物を用いて形成した電極合材層中において結着材が占める割合が増加するのを抑制し、二次電池の容量の低下を抑制することができる。
スラリー組成物に配合し得るその他の成分としては、特に限定することなく、本発明のバインダー組成物に配合し得るその他の成分と同様のものが挙げられる。また、その他の成分は、1種類を単独で用いてもよく、2種類以上を任意の比率で組み合わせて用いてもよい。
上述したスラリー組成物は、上記各成分を有機溶媒などの溶媒中に溶解または分散させることにより調製することができる。具体的には、ボールミル、サンドミル、ビーズミル、顔料分散機、らい潰機、超音波分散機、ホモジナイザー、プラネタリーミキサー、フィルミックスなどの混合機を用いて上記各成分と溶媒とを混合することにより、スラリー組成物を調製することができる。なお、スラリー組成物の調製に使用し得る溶媒としては、本発明のバインダー組成物に配合し得る溶媒と同様のものが挙げられる。また、スラリー組成物の調製に用いる溶媒としては、バインダー組成物に含まれている溶媒を使用してもよい。
本発明の二次電池用電極は、集電体と、集電体上に形成された電極合材層とを備え、電極合材層は上記二次電池電極用スラリー組成物を用いて形成されている。即ち、電極合材層には、少なくとも、電極活物質と、導電材と、共重合体を含む結着材とが含有されている。なお、電極合材層中に含まれている各成分は、上記二次電池電極用スラリー組成物中に含まれていたものであり、それら各成分の好適な存在比は、スラリー組成物中の各成分の好適な存在比と同じである。
そして、本発明の二次電池用電極では、本発明の二次電池電極用バインダー組成物を含むスラリー組成物を使用しているので、電極活物質と導電材とが高濃度で良好に分散されたスラリー組成物を用いて密度の高い電極合材層を集電体上に良好に形成することができる。従って、当該電極を使用すれば、出力特性等の電池特性に優れる二次電池が得られる。
なお、本発明の二次電池用電極は、例えば、上述したスラリー組成物を集電体上に塗布する工程(塗布工程)と、集電体上に塗布されたスラリー組成物を乾燥して集電体上に電極合材層を形成する工程(乾燥工程)とを経て製造される。
上記スラリー組成物を集電体上に塗布する方法としては、特に限定されず公知の方法を用いることができる。具体的には、塗布方法としては、ドクターブレード法、ディップ法、リバースロール法、ダイレクトロール法、グラビア法、エクストルージョン法、ハケ塗り法などを用いることができる。この際、スラリー組成物を集電体の片面だけに塗布してもよいし、両面に塗布してもよい。塗布後乾燥前の集電体上のスラリー膜の厚みは、乾燥して得られる電極合材層の厚みに応じて適宜に設定しうる。
集電体上のスラリー組成物を乾燥する方法としては、特に限定されず公知の方法を用いることができ、例えば温風、熱風、低湿風による乾燥法、真空乾燥法、赤外線や電子線などの照射による乾燥法が挙げられる。このように集電体上のスラリー組成物を乾燥することで、集電体上に電極合材層を形成し、集電体と電極合材層とを備える二次電池用電極を得ることができる。
因みに、本発明の二次電池電極用スラリー組成物では、電極活物質と導電材とが高濃度で良好に分散されているので、当該スラリー組成物を使用して形成した電極合材層は、密度が十分に高くなり、加圧処理を行っても内部構造の破壊が起こり難い。従って、本発明の二次電池電極用スラリー組成物を使用すれば、電極の製造時に加圧処理等を行った場合でも、二次電池の電池特性を十分に向上させることができる。
本発明の二次電池は、正極と、負極と、電解液と、セパレータとを備え、正極および負極の少なくとも一方として本発明の二次電池用電極を用いたものである。そして、本発明の二次電池は、本発明の二次電池用電極を備えているので、出力特性等の電池特性に優れている。
なお、本発明の二次電池は、本発明の二次電池用電極を正極として用いたものであることが好ましい。また、以下では、一例として二次電池がリチウムイオン二次電池である場合について説明するが、本発明は下記の一例に限定されるものではない。
ここで、本発明の二次電池に使用し得る、上述した二次電池用電極以外の電極としては、特に限定されることなく、二次電池の製造に用いられている既知の電極を用いることができる。具体的には、上述した二次電池用電極以外の電極としては、既知の製造方法を用いて集電体上に電極合材層を形成してなる電極を用いることができる。
電解液としては、通常、有機溶媒に支持電解質を溶解した有機電解液が用いられる。リチウムイオン二次電池の支持電解質としては、例えば、リチウム塩が用いられる。リチウム塩としては、例えば、LiPF6、LiAsF6、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4、LiClO4、CF3SO3Li、C4F9SO3Li、CF3COOLi、(CF3CO)2NLi、(CF3SO2)2NLi、(C2F5SO2)NLiなどが挙げられる。なかでも、溶媒に溶けやすく高い解離度を示すので、LiPF6、LiClO4、CF3SO3Liが好ましく、LiPF6が特に好ましい。なお、電解質は1種類を単独で用いてもよく、2種類以上を任意の比率で組み合わせて用いてもよい。通常は、解離度の高い支持電解質を用いるほどリチウムイオン伝導度が高くなる傾向があるので、支持電解質の種類によりリチウムイオン伝導度を調節することができる。
なお、電解液中の電解質の濃度は適宜調整することができ、例えば0.5~15質量%することが好ましく、2~13質量%とすることがより好ましく、5~10質量%とすることが更に好ましい。また、電解液には、既知の添加剤、例えばフルオロエチレンカーボネートやエチルメチルスルホンなどを添加することができる。
セパレータとしては、特に限定されることなく、例えば特開2012-204303号公報に記載のものを用いることができる。これらの中でも、セパレータ全体の膜厚を薄くすることができ、これにより、二次電池内の電極活物質の比率を高くして体積あたりの容量を高くすることができるという点より、ポリオレフィン系(ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリブテン、ポリ塩化ビニル)の樹脂からなる微多孔膜が好ましい。
本発明の二次電池は、例えば、正極と、負極とを、セパレータを介して重ね合わせ、これを必要に応じて電池形状に応じて巻く、折るなどして電池容器に入れ、電池容器に電解液を注入して封口することにより製造することができる。二次電池の内部の圧力上昇、過充放電等の発生を防止するために、必要に応じて、ヒューズ、PTC素子等の過電流防止素子、エキスパンドメタル、リード板などを設けてもよい。二次電池の形状は、例えば、コイン型、ボタン型、シート型、円筒型、角形、扁平型など、何れであってもよい。
そして、実施例および比較例において、共重合体の組成およびムーニー粘度、スラリー組成物の粘度安定性、沈降性および固形分濃度、並びに、二次電池の出力特性は、下記の方法で測定および評価した。
共重合体の水分散液100gを、メタノール1Lで凝固させた後、温度60℃で12時間真空乾燥した。そして、得られた共重合体が含有する繰り返し単位の割合を1H-NMR法で測定した。
<共重合体のムーニー粘度>
共重合体の水分散液をメタノールで凝固させた後、温度60℃で12時間真空乾燥した。そして、得られた共重合体40gを使用し、JIS K6300-1に準拠して温度100℃で測定した。
<スラリー組成物の粘度安定性>
得られたスラリー組成物を密閉容器に入れ、ミックスローターを用いて回転速度60rpmで撹拌しながら、25℃で5日間保存した。保存前(調製直後)のスラリー組成物の粘度η0と、5日間保存後の粘度η1とをB型粘度計(回転速度:60rpm)で測定した。そして、下記式に従って粘度安定性を算出し、以下の基準で評価した。粘度安定性の値が100%に近いほど、導電材などの分散安定性に優れていることを示す。
粘度安定性=(η1/η0)×100%
A:粘度安定性が90%以上110%以下
B:粘度安定性が80%以上90%未満
C:粘度安定性が70%以上80%未満
D:粘度安定性が70%未満または110%超
<スラリー組成物の沈降性>
得られたスラリー組成物を撹拌することなく静置し、25℃で5日間経過後に電極活物質などの沈降の有無を確認した。そして、以下の基準で評価した。
A:沈降なし
B:沈降あり
<スラリー組成物の固形分濃度>
B型粘度計(回転速度:60rpm)を用いて25℃で測定した粘度が4000mPa・sとなるように調製したスラリー組成物について、固形分濃度を求め、以下の基準で評価した。固形分濃度が高いほど、スラリー組成物の塗工性を確保しつつ電極活物質および導電材を高濃度で分散させることができていることを示す。
A:固形分濃度が70質量%以上
B:固形分濃度が60質量%以上70質量%未満
C:固形分濃度が50質量%以上60質量%未満
D:固形分濃度が50質量%未満
<二次電池の出力特性>
作製した二次電池を、25℃環境下で、0.2CmAで電池電圧が4.2Vになるまで定電流充電した後、4.2Vで充電電流が0.02CmAになるまで定電圧充電を行った。続いて、25℃環境下で、0.2CmAで電池電圧が3.0Vになるまで定電流放電を行い二次電池の初期容量を測定した。その後、初期容量を測定した二次電池を、25℃環境下で、0.2CmAで電池電圧が4.2Vになるまで定電流充電した後、4.2Vで充電電流が0.02CmAになるまで定電圧充電を行った。続いて、25℃環境下で、3CmAで電池電圧が3.0Vになるまで定電流放電を行い、3C容量を測定した。そして、出力特性(={(3C容量)/(初期容量)}×100%)を算出し、以下の基準で評価した。
A:出力特性が90%以上
B:出力特性が87%以上90%未満
C:出力特性が84%以上87%未満
D:出力特性が81%以上84%未満
E:出力特性が81%未満
<共重合体の調製>
撹拌機付きのオートクレーブに、イオン交換水240部、乳化剤としてのアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム2.5部、ニトリル基含有単量体としてのアクリロニトリル35部、連鎖移動剤としてのt-ドデシルメルカプタン0.25部をこの順で入れ、内部を窒素置換した後、共役ジエン単量体としての1,3-ブタジエン65部を圧入し、重合開始剤としての過硫酸アンモニウム0.25部を添加して、反応温度40℃で重合反応させた。そして、アクリロニトリルと1,3-ブタジエンとの共重合体を得た。なお、重合転化率は85%であった。
得られた共重合体に対してイオン交換水を添加し、全固形分濃度を12質量%に調整した溶液を得た。得られた溶液400mL(全固形分48g)を、容積1Lの撹拌機付きオートクレーブに投入し、窒素ガスを10分間流して溶液中の溶存酸素を除去した後、水素化反応用触媒としての酢酸パラジウム75mgを、パラジウム(Pd)に対して4倍モルの硝酸を添加したイオン交換水180mLに溶解して、添加した。系内を水素ガスで2回置換した後、3MPaまで水素ガスで加圧した状態でオートクレーブの内容物を50℃に加温し、6時間水素化反応(第一段階の水素化反応)を行った。
次いで、オートクレーブを大気圧にまで戻し、更に、水素化反応用触媒としての酢酸パラジウム25mgを、Pdに対して4倍モルの硝酸を添加したイオン交換水60mLに溶解して、添加した。系内を水素ガスで2回置換した後、3MPaまで水素ガスで加圧した状態でオートクレーブの内容物を50℃に加温し、6時間水素化反応(第二段階の水素化反応)を行った。
その後、内容物を常温に戻し、系内を窒素雰囲気とした後、エバポレータを用いて固形分濃度が40%となるまで濃縮して、共重合体の水分散液を得た。
そして、得られた共重合体の組成およびムーニー粘度を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
<バインダー組成物の調製>
得られた共重合体の水分散液100部に溶媒としてのN-メチルピロリドン(NMP)320部を加え、減圧下で水を蒸発させて、アルキレン構造単位(1,3-ブタジエン水素化物単位)およびニトリル基含有単量体単位(アクリロニトリル単位)を含有する共重合体を含むバインダー組成物を得た。
<二次電池正極用スラリー組成物の調製>
正極活物質としてのLiNi0.9Co0.1O2(Ni含有活物質)95.5部と、導電材としてのアセチレンブラック(BET比表面積:69m2/g)3部と、バインダー組成物を固形分換算で1.5部と、溶媒としてのN-メチルピロリドン(NMP)とを、プラネタリーミキサーを用いて混合した。得られた混合物に更にNMPを添加し、B型粘度計(回転速度:60rpm)で測定した粘度が4000mPa・sとなるように調整して、スラリー組成物を得た。
そして、得られたスラリー組成物を用いて粘度安定性、沈降性および固形分濃度の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
<二次電池用正極の作製>
集電体として、厚さ15μmのアルミ箔を準備した。そして、得られたスラリー組成物をアルミ箔の片面に乾燥後の塗布量が20mg/cm2になるように塗布し、60℃で20分、120℃で20分間乾燥して正極原反を得た。この正極原反をロールプレスで圧延し、密度が3.5g/cm3の正極合材層とアルミ箔とからなるシート状の正極を作製した。
<二次電池用負極の作製>
ディスパー付きのプラネタリーミキサーに、負極活物質としての人造黒鉛(体積平均粒子径:24.5μm、比表面積:4m2/g)を100部と、分散剤としてのカルボキシメチルセルロースの1%水溶液(第一工業製薬株式会社製、BSH-12)を固形分換算で1部とを加え、イオン交換水で固形分濃度55%に調整した後、25℃で60分混合した。次に、イオン交換水で固形分濃度52%に調整した。その後、25℃で15分間混合して混合液を得た。
上述のようにして得た混合液に、結着材としてのスチレン-ブタジエン共重合体(ガラス転移温度が-15℃)の40%水分散液を固形分換算で1.0部と、イオン交換水とを入れ、最終固形分濃度が50%となるように調整し、10分間混合した。これを減圧下で脱泡処理して、流動性の良い負極用のスラリー組成物を得た。
得られた負極用のスラリー組成物を、コンマコーターで、集電体である厚さ20μmの銅箔の上に、乾燥後の膜厚が150μm程度になるように塗布し、乾燥させた。この乾燥は、銅箔を0.5m/分の速度で60℃のオーブン内を2分間かけて搬送することにより行った。その後、120℃にて2分間加熱処理して負極原反を得た。この負極原反をロールプレスで圧延して、厚み80μmの負極合材層を有する負極を得た。
<二次電池用セパレータの準備>
単層のポリプロピレン製セパレータ(幅65mm、長さ500mm、厚さ25μm、乾式法により製造、気孔率55%)を、5cm×5cmの正方形に切り抜いた。
<二次電池の製造>
電池の外装として、アルミニウム包材外装を用意した。上記で得られた正極を、4cm×4cmの正方形に切り出し、集電体側の表面がアルミニウム包材外装に接するように配置した。正極の正極合材層の上に、上記で得られた正方形のセパレータを配置した。さらに、上記で得られた負極を、4.2cm×4.2cmの正方形に切り出し、これをセパレータ上に、負極合材層側の表面がセパレータに向かい合うように配置した。更に、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)を1.5%含有する、濃度1.0MのLiPF6溶液よりなる電解液を充填した。このLiPF6溶液の溶媒は、エチレンカーボネート(EC)とエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)との混合溶媒(EC/EMC=3/7(体積比))である。その後、アルミニウム包材外装の開口を密封するために、150℃のヒートシールをしてアルミニウム包材外装を閉口し、リチウムイオン二次電池を得た。
そして、得られたリチウムイオン二次電池を用いて出力特性の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
共重合体の調製時に、アクリロニトリルの量を23部に変更し、1,3-ブタジエンの量を77部に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、共重合体、バインダー組成物、スラリー組成物、正極、負極および二次電池を作製し、実施例1と同様にして評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
共重合体の調製時に、アクリロニトリルの量を52部に変更し、1,3-ブタジエンの量を48部に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、共重合体、バインダー組成物、スラリー組成物、正極、負極および二次電池を作製し、実施例1と同様にして評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
共重合体の調製時に、t-ドデシルメルカプタンの量をそれぞれ0.45部(実施例4)および0.18部(実施例5)に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、共重合体、バインダー組成物、スラリー組成物、正極、負極および二次電池を作製し、実施例1と同様にして評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
共重合体の調製時に、アクリロニトリル35部と共に(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単量体としてのn-ブチルアクリレート20部をオートクレーブに投入し、1,3-ブタジエンの量を45部に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、共重合体、バインダー組成物、スラリー組成物、正極、負極および二次電池を作製し、実施例1と同様にして評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
二次電池正極用スラリー組成物の調製時に、結着材として、共重合体を含むバインダー組成物およびその他の重合体としてのポリフッ化ビニリデンを、共重合体とポリフッ化ビニリデンとの合計に対する共重合体の割合がそれぞれ70質量%(実施例7)および50質量%(実施例8)となるように添加して二次電池正極用スラリー組成物を得た以外は実施例1と同様にして、共重合体、バインダー組成物、スラリー組成物、正極、負極および二次電池を作製し、実施例1と同様にして評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
共重合体の調製時に、アクリロニトリル35部と共に親水性基含有単量体としてのメタクリル酸3部をオートクレーブに投入し、1,3-ブタジエンの量を62部に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、共重合体、バインダー組成物、スラリー組成物、正極、負極および二次電池を作製し、実施例1と同様にして評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
共重合体を使用することなく、ポリフッ化ビニリデンを溶媒としてのN-メチルピロリドン(NMP)に溶解させてなるバインダー組成物を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、スラリー組成物、正極、負極および二次電池を作製し、実施例1と同様にして評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
共重合体の調製時に、t-ドデシルメルカプタンの量を0.05部に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、共重合体、バインダー組成物、スラリー組成物、正極、負極および二次電池を作製し、実施例1と同様にして評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
共重合体の調製時に、t-ドデシルメルカプタンの量を0.7部に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、共重合体、バインダー組成物、スラリー組成物、正極、負極および二次電池を作製しようとしたが、スラリー組成物中における正極活物質の沈降が激しく、スラリー組成物の評価、並びに、スラリー組成物を用いた正極および二次電池の作製ができなかった。
「H-BD」は、1,3-ブタジエン水素化物単位を示し、
「AN」は、アクリロニトリル単位を示し、
「BA」は、n-ブチルアクリレート単位を示し、
「MAA」は、メタクリル酸単位を示し、
「TDM」は、t-ドデシルメルカプタンを示し、
「PVDF」は、ポリフッ化ビニリデンを示す。
また、表1より、アルキレン構造単位およびニトリル基含有単量体単位を含まない重合体のみを結着材として含むバインダー組成物や、所定のムーニー粘度を有さない共重合体を結着材として含むバインダー組成物を使用した比較例1~3では、スラリー組成物の調製時に塗工性を確保しつつ電極活物質と導電材とを高濃度で良好に分散させることができず、得られる二次電池の出力特性が低下してしまうことが分かる。
また、本発明によれば、塗工性を確保しつつ電極活物質と導電材とを高濃度で良好に分散させた二次電池電極用スラリー組成物を提供することができる。
更に、本発明によれば、二次電池の電池特性を十分に向上させ得る二次電池用電極および出力特性等の電池特性に優れる二次電池を提供することができる。
Claims (8)
- 結着材を含む二次電池電極用バインダー組成物であって、
前記結着材が、アルキレン構造単位およびニトリル基含有単量体単位を含有し、且つ、ムーニー粘度(ML1+4、100℃)が50以上200以下である共重合体を含む、二次電池電極用バインダー組成物。 - 前記共重合体が前記アルキレン構造単位を40質量%以上80質量%以下の割合で含有する、請求項1に記載の二次電池電極用バインダー組成物。
- 前記共重合体が前記ニトリル基含有単量体単位を10質量%以上55質量%以下の割合で含有する、請求項1または2に記載の二次電池電極用バインダー組成物。
- 前記共重合体が親水性基含有単量体単位を実質的に含有しない、請求項1~3の何れかに記載の二次電池電極用バインダー組成物。
- 電極活物質と、導電材と、請求項1~4の何れかに記載の二次電池電極用バインダー組成物とを含む、二次電池電極用スラリー組成物。
- 前記電極活物質が、Ni含有活物質を含み、
前記結着材が前記共重合体を60質量%以上含有する、請求項5に記載の二次電池電極用スラリー組成物。 - 請求項5または6に記載の二次電池電極用スラリー組成物を用いて形成した電極合材層を備える、二次電池用電極。
- 請求項7に記載の二次電池用電極を備える、二次電池。
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| KR1020187037001A KR20190000377A (ko) | 2015-06-29 | 2016-06-28 | 2차 전지 전극용 바인더 조성물, 2차 전지 전극용 슬러리 조성물, 2차 전지용 전극 및 2차 전지 |
| CN201680035210.1A CN107710471B (zh) | 2015-06-29 | 2016-06-28 | 二次电池电极用粘结剂组合物、二次电池电极用浆料组合物、二次电池用电极及二次电池 |
| EP16817471.2A EP3316360B2 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2016-06-28 | Binder composition for secondary battery electrode, slurry composition for secondary battery electrode, electrode for secondary battery, and secondary battery |
| US15/736,045 US10964947B2 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2016-06-28 | Binder composition for secondary battery electrode, slurry composition for secondary battery electrode, electrode for secondary battery, and secondary battery |
| KR1020207031875A KR20200129171A (ko) | 2015-06-29 | 2016-06-28 | 2차 전지 전극용 바인더 조성물, 2차 전지 전극용 슬러리 조성물, 2차 전지용 전극 및 2차 전지 |
| JP2017526181A JP6848862B2 (ja) | 2015-06-29 | 2016-06-28 | 二次電池電極用バインダー組成物、二次電池電極用スラリー組成物、二次電池用電極および二次電池 |
| PL16817471.2T PL3316360T5 (pl) | 2015-06-29 | 2016-06-28 | Kompozycja środka wiążącego dla elektrody baterii akumulatorowej, kompozycja zawiesiny dla elektrody baterii akumulatorowej, elektroda do baterii akumulatorowej i bateria akumulatorowa |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20180003619A (ko) | 2018-01-09 |
| US20180183064A1 (en) | 2018-06-28 |
| KR20200129171A (ko) | 2020-11-17 |
| KR20190000377A (ko) | 2019-01-02 |
| US10964947B2 (en) | 2021-03-30 |
| JP6848862B2 (ja) | 2021-03-24 |
| EP3316360A4 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
| CN107710471B (zh) | 2021-03-16 |
| EP3316360B1 (en) | 2021-08-18 |
| EP3316360B2 (en) | 2024-07-03 |
| PL3316360T5 (pl) | 2024-09-09 |
| HUE056779T2 (hu) | 2022-03-28 |
| PL3316360T3 (pl) | 2022-01-10 |
| KR102102736B9 (ko) | 2022-10-26 |
| JPWO2017002361A1 (ja) | 2018-04-12 |
| CN107710471A (zh) | 2018-02-16 |
| KR102102736B1 (ko) | 2020-04-21 |
| EP3316360A1 (en) | 2018-05-02 |
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