WO2017002148A1 - ステンレス冷延鋼板用素材およびその製造方法、ならびに冷延鋼板 - Google Patents
ステンレス冷延鋼板用素材およびその製造方法、ならびに冷延鋼板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017002148A1 WO2017002148A1 PCT/JP2015/003340 JP2015003340W WO2017002148A1 WO 2017002148 A1 WO2017002148 A1 WO 2017002148A1 JP 2015003340 W JP2015003340 W JP 2015003340W WO 2017002148 A1 WO2017002148 A1 WO 2017002148A1
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- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
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- C23G1/08—Iron or steel
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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Definitions
- Ferritic stainless steel (steel plate) is excellent in economic efficiency and corrosion resistance, and is therefore used in various applications such as building materials, home appliances, and kitchen appliances, and its application range has been further expanded in recent years. In order to apply to these applications, not only corrosion resistance but also excellent surface properties, sufficient formability (high elongation) that can be processed into a predetermined shape, and excellent ridging resistance are required.
- annealing at about 800 ° C. which is the same as in batch annealing, does not sufficiently destroy the hot rolled structure due to recrystallization or grain growth.
- a ferrite phase aggregate (ferrite colony) having the same crystal orientation which is a cause of ridging is likely to remain, and the ridging resistance characteristic is greatly deteriorated.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a steel hot-rolled sheet containing C: 0.15% or less and Cr: 13-25% by mass% is 930-990 ° C. in which an austenite phase and a ferrite phase coexist. After annealing within 10 minutes in the temperature range, air cooling or cooling at a faster rate than air cooling to obtain a ferrite phase structure including a martensite phase, and cold rolling the hot rolled sheet having this structure at a reduction rate of 30% or more A method for producing a ferritic stainless steel sheet having excellent ridging resistance, characterized by annealing later.
- sufficient corrosion resistance refers to a salt spray cycle test ((Salt spray (35 ° C, 5 ° C (Mass% NaCl, spray 2hr) ⁇ Drying (60 ° C, relative humidity 40%, 4hr) ⁇ Wet (50 ° C, relative humidity ⁇ 95%, 2hr)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
- the rusting area ratio on the surface is 25% or less.
- excellent surface properties mean that the arithmetic average roughness Ra measured perpendicular to the rolling direction in accordance with JIS B0601-2001 is 0.03 ⁇ m or less.
- good ridging resistance means that after polishing one side of a JIS No. 5 tensile test specimen collected in accordance with JIS Z 2201 with # 600 emery paper and applying 20% pre-strain by uniaxial tension According to JIS B 0601-2001, the surface is measured for undulation at the center of the parallel part of the tensile test piece, which means that the large undulation (riding height) is 2.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the present inventors investigated the cause of the decrease in surface gloss in a steel sheet obtained by subjecting a hot-rolled annealed sheet containing a martensite phase to cold rolling after pickling. As a result, it was ascertained that selective dissolution of grain boundaries occurred on the surface of the steel sheet during pickling, thereby reducing the surface gloss of the cold-rolled steel sheet.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the surface of a steel sheet manufactured under the following conditions.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the obtained hot-rolled annealed plate was subjected to shot blasting, and further immersed in a 20% by mass sulfuric acid solution at a temperature of 80 ° C for 60 seconds, and then at a temperature of 55 ° C consisting of 15% by mass nitric acid and 3% by mass hydrofluoric acid. Descaling was performed by dipping in the mixed acid solution for 30 seconds to obtain a pickled steel sheet. The surface of the pickled steel sheet obtained was observed with a backscattered electron image under the condition of an acceleration voltage of 15 kV using SEM.
- (a) is a grain boundary where selective dissolution has occurred
- (b) is a grain boundary where selective dissolution has not occurred.
- selective dissolution occurs at a grain boundary having a black and thick contrast among the crystal grain boundaries existing in the figure.
- the selective melting is performed with a width of 0.1 ⁇ m or more, and remains as wrinkles on the surface layer portion of the steel sheet even after cold rolling. Furthermore, peeling of the surface layer part is caused during or after rolling. By these wrinkles and surface peeling, the gloss of the cold-rolled steel sheet is lowered.
- V 0.01 to 0.10%
- Ti 0.001 to 0.05%
- Nb 0.001 to 0.05%
- Ca 0.0002 to 0.0020%
- Mg 0.0002 to 0.0050%
- B 0.0002 to 0.0050%
- REM The material for a stainless cold-rolled steel sheet according to the above [1] or [2], containing one or more selected from 0.01 to 0.10%.
- % indicating the component of steel is “% by mass”.
- the ferrite phase grain boundary in which selective dissolution has occurred in the present invention refers to a ferrite grain boundary that has been dissolved by pickling to have a width of 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing a scanning electron microscope image of the steel sheet surface.
- the material for stainless steel cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention is in mass%, C: 0.005 to 0.025%, Si: 0.02 to 0.50%, Mn: 0.50 to 1.0%, P: 0.040% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Cr: Contains 15.5 to 18.0%, Ni: 0.01 to 0.50%, Al: 0.001 to 0.10%, N: 0.005 to 0.025%, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, In addition, it has a metal structure consisting of a martensite phase with a volume fraction of 5 to 20% and the remainder consisting of a ferrite phase. Further, among the ferrite phase grain boundaries exposed on the steel sheet surface, The ratio is 20% or less of the total grain boundary length.
- the material for stainless steel cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention is hot-rolled and then subjected to hot-rolled sheet annealing that is held at a temperature range of 920 to 1100 ° C for 5 seconds to 15 minutes, and then at a temperature range of 1100 to 500 ° C. It can be manufactured by cooling at a cooling rate of 10 ° C./sec or more and pickling.
- the material for stainless steel cold rolling of the present invention is preferably cold-rolled with a reduction rate of 50% or more, and then cold-rolled sheet annealed at a temperature range of 800 to 950 ° C. for 5 seconds to 15 minutes.
- a stainless cold-rolled steel sheet having sufficient corrosion resistance and excellent surface properties, formability and ridging resistance can be obtained.
- the present inventors examined the reason why selective dissolution of ferrite phase grain boundaries occurs when pickling hot rolled annealed sheets containing a martensite phase. As a result, it was found that the local decrease in Cr concentration occurring at the ferrite phase grain boundary after the hot-rolled sheet annealing was the cause of selective dissolution.
- the surface properties of the cold-rolled steel sheet deteriorated when more than 20% of the grain boundary total length is selectively dissolved out of the crystal grain boundaries (ferrite phase grain boundaries) exposed on the steel sheet surface.
- the grain boundary where selective dissolution occurs is 20% or less of the total length, the distance between the ridges is relatively wide, so that surface layer part peeling during and after rolling hardly occurs, and irregular reflection due to ridges is also reduced. Does not cause a significant decrease in gloss. Therefore, in order to obtain good surface properties, the length of the ferrite phase grain boundary that has been selectively dissolved must be 20% or less of the total grain boundary length.
- the content is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less.
- the ferrite phase boundary where selective dissolution occurred among the ferrite phase grain boundaries exposed on the steel sheet surface is 20% or less of the total grain boundary.
- the ratio of the ferrite phase grain boundary in which selective dissolution has occurred can be measured and determined by the method described in Examples described later.
- the present inventors have repeatedly studied a method for suppressing selective dissolution of ferrite phase grain boundaries.
- it is necessary to reduce the precipitation amount of Cr carbonitride at the ferrite phase grain boundary after hot-rolled sheet annealing, which includes the C concentration in the ferrite phase Reduction of N concentration is effective.
- the lower limit of C and N that can be industrially smelted suppresses the precipitation of Cr carbonitride at the ferrite phase grain boundary. could not.
- C and N have an effect of promoting the formation of austenite phase, if one or both of C and N concentration is reduced to less than 0.005%, martensite phase is hardly generated, and ferrite The C concentration and N concentration of the phase are increased and the precipitation of Cr carbonitride cannot be suppressed. Therefore, the C content and the N content need to be in the range of 0.005 to 0.025%, respectively.
- the components described later and the hot-rolled sheet annealing temperature are controlled.
- the volume fraction of a martensite phase can be measured by the method as described in the Example mentioned later.
- C 0.005-0.025%
- C promotes the formation of an austenite phase during hot-rolled sheet annealing and has the effect of suppressing selective dissolution of ferrite phase grain boundaries during pickling, so it is contained in an amount of 0.005% or more.
- C exceeds 0.025%, Cr carbide precipitates and the selective dissolution of ferrite phase grain boundaries cannot be prevented even by the method of the present invention. Therefore, the C content is in the range of 0.005% to 0.025%.
- the lower limit is preferably 0.008%, more preferably 0.010%.
- the upper limit is preferably 0.020%, more preferably 0.015%.
- Si 0.02-0.50% Si is an element that acts as a deoxidizer during steel melting. In order to obtain this effect, a content of 0.02% or more is necessary. However, since the amount of Si suppresses the formation of the austenite phase, if the content exceeds 0.50%, the generation of the austenite phase becomes insufficient during hot-rolled sheet annealing, and the selective dissolution inhibiting effect of the ferrite phase grain boundary according to the present invention is exerted. I can't get it. Therefore, the Si content is in the range of 0.02 to 0.50%. Preferably it is 0.10 to 0.35% of range. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.10 to 0.30%.
- Mn 0.55-1.0% Mn has an effect of promoting the formation of an austenite phase and suppressing selective dissolution of ferrite phase grain boundaries during pickling. In order to acquire this effect, 0.55% or more needs to be contained. However, if the amount of Mn exceeds 1.0%, the amount of austenite phase produced becomes excessive during the hot-rolled sheet annealing, and the cold-rolled annealed sheet becomes hard and the formability deteriorates. In addition, the amount of MnS produced increases and the corrosion resistance decreases. Therefore, the Mn content is in the range of 0.55 to 1.0%. Preferably, it is in the range of 0.60 to 0.90%. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.75 to 0.85%.
- P 0.040% or less
- P is an element that promotes grain boundary fracture due to grain boundary segregation, so a lower value is desirable, and the upper limit is made 0.040%. Preferably it is 0.030% or less.
- S 0.01% or less
- S is an element that exists as sulfide inclusions such as MnS and reduces ductility, corrosion resistance, and the like.
- the S amount it is desirable that the S amount be as low as possible.
- the upper limit of the S amount is 0.01%. Preferably it is 0.007% or less. More preferably, it is 0.005% or less.
- Cr 15.5-18.0%
- Cr is an element having an effect of improving the corrosion resistance by forming a passive film on the steel sheet surface.
- the Cr content needs to be 15.5% or more.
- the Cr content is in the range of 15.5 to 18.0%.
- it is 16.0 to 18.0% of range. More preferably, it is in the range of 16.0 to 17.0%.
- Ni 0.01-1.0%
- Ni is an element that improves corrosion resistance. Moreover, it has the effect of promoting the generation of the austenite phase and expanding the two-phase temperature range in which the ferrite phase and the austenite phase appear during hot-rolled sheet annealing. These effects become significant when the content is 0.01% or more. On the other hand, if the Ni content exceeds 1.0%, the workability deteriorates, which is not preferable. Therefore, when Ni is contained, the content is made 0.01 to 1.0%. Preferably it is 0.05 to 0.60% of range. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.10 to 0.30%.
- N 0.005-0.025%
- N has an effect of accelerating the formation of an austenite phase during hot-rolled sheet annealing and suppressing the selective dissolution of ferrite phase grain boundaries during pickling, so it is contained in an amount of 0.005% or more.
- the N content is in the range of 0.005% to 0.025%.
- the lower limit is preferably 0.008%, more preferably 0.010%.
- the upper limit is preferably 0.020%, more preferably 0.015%.
- the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
- Cu is an element that improves corrosion resistance, and it is effective to contain it particularly when high corrosion resistance is required. Moreover, Cu has the effect of promoting the formation of an austenite phase and expanding the two-phase temperature range in which a ferrite phase and an austenite phase appear during hot-rolled sheet annealing. These effects become significant when the content is 0.1% or more. However, if the Cu content exceeds 1.0%, the hot workability may decrease, which is not preferable. Therefore, when Cu is contained, the content is set to 0.1 to 1.0%. Preferably it is 0.2 to 0.8% of range. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.3 to 0.5%.
- Mo 0.1-0.5%
- Mo is an element that improves corrosion resistance, and it is effective to contain it particularly when high corrosion resistance is required. This effect becomes significant when the content is 0.1% or more.
- Mo suppresses the formation of the austenite phase
- the content exceeds 0.5%, the generation of the austenite phase becomes insufficient during hot-rolled sheet annealing, and the effect of suppressing selective dissolution of ferrite phase grain boundaries according to the present invention is obtained. Absent. Therefore, if it contains Mo, the content is made 0.1 to 0.5%. Preferably it is 0.1 to 0.3% of range.
- Co 0.01-0.5%
- Co is an element that improves toughness. This effect is obtained when the content is 0.01% or more. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 0.5%, the productivity is lowered. Therefore, if Co is contained, the content is made 0.01 to 0.5%.
- V 0.01-0.10%
- Ti 0.001-0.05%
- Nb 0.001-0.05%
- Ca 0.0002-0.0020%
- Mg 0.0002-0.0050%
- B 0.0002-0.0050%
- REM Of 0.01-0.10%
- One or more selected from V: 0.01-0.10% V combines with C and N in the steel to reduce solute C and solute N. Thereby, workability is improved. Further, the surface behavior is improved by controlling the precipitation behavior of carbonitrides on the hot-rolled sheet to suppress the occurrence of surface defects caused by hot rolling or annealing. In order to obtain these effects, the V content needs to be 0.01% or more.
- V suppresses the formation of the austenite phase
- the content is made 0.01 to 0.10%.
- it is 0.02 to 0.08% of range.
- Ti and Nb are elements with a high affinity for C and N, and precipitate as carbides or nitrides during hot rolling, reducing solid solution C and solid solution N in the matrix, and workability To improve.
- Ti and Nb suppress the formation of the austenite phase, if the content exceeds 0.05% of Ti and Nb exceeds 0.05%, the formation of the austenite phase becomes insufficient during hot-rolled sheet annealing. The effect of suppressing selective dissolution of the phase boundary cannot be obtained.
- Ca 0.0002-0.0020%
- Ca is an effective component for preventing nozzle clogging due to crystallization of Ti-based inclusions that are likely to occur during continuous casting. In order to acquire this effect, 0.0002% or more needs to be contained. However, if the Ca content exceeds 0.0020%, CaS is generated and the corrosion resistance decreases. Therefore, when Ca is contained, the content is made 0.0002 to 0.0020%. Preferably it is 0.0005 to 0.0015% of range. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.0005 to 0.0010%.
- Mg 0.0002-0.0050%
- Mg is an element that has the effect of improving hot workability. In order to acquire this effect, 0.0002% or more needs to be contained. However, when the Mg content exceeds 0.0050%, the surface quality decreases. Therefore, when Mg is contained, the content is made 0.0002 to 0.0050%. Preferably it is 0.0005 to 0.0035% of range. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.0005 to 0.0020%.
- B 0.0002-0.0050%
- B is an effective element for preventing low temperature secondary work embrittlement. In order to acquire this effect, 0.0002% or more needs to be contained. However, when the amount of B exceeds 0.0050%, the hot workability decreases. Therefore, when B is contained, the content is made 0.0002 to 0.0050%. Preferably it is 0.0005 to 0.0035% of range. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.0005 to 0.0020%.
- REM 0.01-0.10% REM (Rare Earth Metals) is an element that improves the oxidation resistance, and in particular has the effect of suppressing the formation of an oxide film on the weld and improving the corrosion resistance of the weld. In order to obtain this effect, a content of 0.01% or more is necessary. However, if the content exceeds 0.10%, productivity such as pickling at the time of cold rolling annealing is lowered. Moreover, since REM is an expensive element, excessive inclusion causes an increase in manufacturing cost, which is not preferable. Therefore, when REM is contained, the content is made 0.01 to 0.10%.
- the hot-rolled sheet is subjected to hot-rolled sheet annealing at 920-1100 ° C., which is a two-phase temperature range of a ferrite phase and an austenite phase, for 5 seconds to 15 minutes.
- Hot-rolled sheet annealing at 920 to 1100 ° C. for 5 seconds to 15 minutes is an extremely important step in obtaining the metal structure of the present invention.
- the hot-rolled sheet annealing temperature is lower than 920 ° C., sufficient recrystallization does not occur and the ferrite single-phase region is formed, so that the effect of the present invention that is manifested by the two-phase region annealing cannot be obtained.
- the temperature exceeds 1100 ° C., the amount of austenite phase produced decreases, and the effects of the present invention cannot be obtained.
- the annealing time is less than 5 seconds, even if annealing is performed at a predetermined temperature, the austenite phase is not sufficiently generated and the ferrite phase is not recrystallized, so that the predetermined formability cannot be obtained.
- the annealing time exceeds 15 minutes, productivity is unfavorable. Therefore, hot-rolled sheet annealing is performed at 920 to 1100 ° C. for 5 seconds to 15 minutes.
- a preferred temperature range is 940 to 1100 ° C, and a more preferred temperature range is 960 to 1100 ° C.
- the temperature range of 1100 to 500 ° C is cooled at a cooling rate of 10 ° C / sec or more.
- pickling is performed for descaling.
- pickling for example, after immersion for 15 seconds or more in a solution of 10-30% by mass sulfuric acid at a temperature of 50-100 ° C., a temperature comprising 10-30% nitric acid and 1-10% by mass hydrofluoric acid is 30-30%.
- a method of dipping in a mixed acid solution at 80 ° C. for 10 seconds or more is applicable. Note that descaling by surface grinding may be performed.
- a ferritic stainless steel cold-rolled steel sheet is manufactured by annealing. If necessary, it is pickled and surface polished to make a product.
- cold rolling is preferably performed at a rolling reduction of 50% or more.
- cold rolling and annealing may be repeated twice or more, and a stainless steel foil having a thickness of 200 ⁇ m or less may be formed by cold rolling.
- Cold-rolled sheet annealing is maintained at a temperature range of 800-950 ° C for 5 seconds to 15 minutes. In order to obtain good moldability, it is preferably carried out at 800 to 950 ° C. In order to obtain more gloss, BA annealing (bright annealing) may be performed.
- grinding or polishing may be performed.
- Stainless steel having the composition shown in Table 1 was melted in a 50 kg small vacuum melting furnace. These steel ingots were heated at 1150 ° C. for 1 h and then hot rolled to form hot rolled sheets having a thickness of 4 mm. Subsequently, after hot-rolled sheet annealing and cooling were performed on these hot-rolled sheets under the conditions shown in Table 2, the surface was subjected to shot blasting and pickling, and the hot-rolled annealed sheet (for stainless cold-rolled steel sheet) Material). The pickling was immersed in a 20% sulfuric acid solution at a temperature of 80 ° C. for 60 seconds, and then immersed in a mixed acid solution of 15% nitric acid and 3% by mass hydrofluoric acid at a temperature of 55 ° C. for 30 seconds.
- test piece was collected from the hot-rolled annealed plate (material for stainless cold-rolled steel plate) thus obtained and evaluated as follows.
- the obtained hot-rolled annealed sheet (stainless steel for cold-rolled steel sheet) was cold-rolled to a thickness of 1.0 mm, and then subjected to cold-rolled sheet annealing under the conditions shown in Table 2, followed by a water temperature of 80 ° C.
- Processing was performed to obtain a cold-rolled annealed plate (ferritic stainless steel cold-rolled steel plate).
- the following evaluation was performed about the obtained cold-rolled annealing board (ferritic stainless steel cold-rolled steel sheet).
- the surface roughness was measured according to JIS B0601. When the arithmetic average roughness Ra was 0.02 ⁇ or less, the characteristics were particularly excellent ( ⁇ ), when it was 0.02 ⁇ m or more and 0.03 ⁇ m or less, it was accepted ( ⁇ ), and when it was more than 0.03, it was rejected ( ⁇ ).
- JIS 13B tensile test specimens were sampled from cold-rolled annealed sheets (ferritic stainless steel cold-rolled steel sheets) at right angles to the rolling direction, and the tensile test was conducted in accordance with JIS Z2241. Measure the elongation at break, and pass ( ⁇ ) as a particularly excellent characteristic when the elongation at break is 30% or more, pass ( ⁇ ) when the elongation at break is less than 30% and 28% or more, fail if it is less than 28% (X).
- the salt spray cycle test consists of 1 cycle of salt spray (5 mass% NaCl, 35 ° C, spray 2h) ⁇ dry (60 ° C, 4h, relative humidity 40%) ⁇ wet (50 ° C, 2h, relative humidity ⁇ 95%) As a result, 8 cycles were performed.
- Photograph the surface of the specimen after 8 cycles of the salt spray cycle test measure the rusting area on the specimen surface by image analysis, and calculate the rusting area ratio ((in the specimen) Rust area / total area of test piece) ⁇ 100 [%]) was calculated.
- a rusting area ratio of 10% or less was judged to be acceptable ()) with particularly excellent corrosion resistance, more than 10% to 25% or less was accepted (O), and more than 25% was rejected (X).
- the comparative example (steel symbol BA-BH) whose component composition is out of the scope of the present invention is inferior to the present invention example in any one or more of breaking elongation, surface quality, ridging resistance, and corrosion resistance. .
- the comparative composition (Nos. 26 to 28) in which the component composition satisfies the scope of the present invention but the hot-rolled sheet annealing conditions or cooling conditions are outside the scope of the present invention is either surface quality or ridging resistance. It can be seen that it is inferior to the invention example in more than one characteristic.
- No. 26 shows that the holding temperature and holding time of hot-rolled sheet annealing are out of the range of the present invention, so that the volume fraction of the martensite phase is reduced and the ridging resistance is inferior.
- the material for stainless cold-rolled steel sheet obtained in the present invention is a material of SUS430 stainless steel (ferritic stainless steel cold-rolled steel sheet) that is applied to press-formed products and high surface beauty, for example, kitchen utensils and tableware. It is suitable as.
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Abstract
Description
[1]質量%で、C:0.005~0.025%、Si: 0.02~0.50%、Mn:0.55~1.0%、P: 0.040%以下、S: 0.01%以下、Cr: 15.5~18.0%、Ni: 0.01~1.0%、Al: 0.001~0.10%、N: 0.005~0.025%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなり、かつ、体積分率で5~20%のマルテンサイト相と残部がフェライト相からなる金属組織を有し、さらに、鋼板表面に露出したフェライト相粒界のうち選択溶解が生じたフェライト相粒界の割合が粒界全長の20%以下であるステンレス冷延鋼板用素材。
[2]質量%で、さらに、Cu:0.1~1.0%、Mo: 0.1~0.5%、Co: 0.01~0.5%のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含む上記[1]に記載のステンレス冷延鋼板用素材。
[3]質量%で、さらに、V: 0.01~0.10%、Ti: 0.001~0.05%、Nb: 0.001~0.05%、Ca: 0.0002~0.0020%、Mg: 0.0002~0.0050%、B: 0.0002~0.0050%、REM: 0.01~0.10%のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含む上記[1]または[2]に記載のステンレス冷延鋼板用素材。
[4]上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載のステンレス冷延鋼板用素材に対して冷間圧延および焼鈍を行い得られる、フェライト系ステンレス冷延鋼板。
[5]上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載のステンレス冷延鋼板用素材の製造方法であって、鋼スラブに対して、熱間圧延を施し、次いで920~1100℃の温度範囲で5秒~15分間保持する熱延板焼鈍を行い、次いで、1100~500℃の温度範囲を10℃/sec以上の冷却速度で冷却し、酸洗するステンレス冷延鋼板用素材の製造方法。
なお、本明細書において、鋼の成分を示す%はすべて質量%である。また、本発明における選択溶解が生じたフェライト相粒界とは、酸洗によって幅0.1μm以上溶解したフェライト粒界をさす。
かつ、体積分率で5~20%のマルテンサイト相と残部がフェライト相からなる金属組織を有し、さらに、鋼板表面に露出したフェライト相粒界のうち選択溶解が生じたフェライト相粒界の割合が粒界全長の20%以下であることを特徴とする。
以下、特に断らない限り%は質量%を意味する。
Cは熱延板焼鈍時にオーステナイト相の生成を促進し、酸洗時のフェライト相粒界の選択溶解を抑制する効果があるため、0.005%以上の含有とする。しかし、Cが0.025%を超えると本発明の方法によっても、Cr炭化物が析出してフェライト相粒界の選択溶解が防止できない。従って、C量は0.005%~0.025%の範囲とする。下限は、好ましくは0.008%、さらに好ましくは0.010%である。上限は、好ましくは0.020%、さらに好ましくは0.015%である。
Siは鋼溶製時に脱酸剤として作用する元素である。この効果を得るためには0.02%以上の含有が必要である。しかし、Si量はオーステナイト相の生成を抑制するため、含有量が0.50%を超えると、熱延板焼鈍時にオーステナイト相の生成が不十分となり、本発明によるフェライト相粒界の選択溶解抑制効果が得られない。従って、Si量は0.02~0.50%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.10~0.35%の範囲である。さらに好ましくは0.10~0.30%の範囲である。
Mnはオーステナイト相の生成を促進し、酸洗時のフェライト相粒界の選択溶解を抑制する効果がある。この効果を得るためには0.55%以上の含有が必要である。しかし、Mn量が1.0%を超えると熱延板焼鈍時にオーステナイト相の生成量が過剰となって、冷延焼鈍板が硬質化して成型性が低下する。また、MnSの生成量が増加して耐食性が低下する。そのため、Mn量は0.55~1.0%の範囲とする。好ましくは、0.60~0.90%の範囲である。さらに好ましくは、0.75~0.85%の範囲である。
Pは粒界偏析による粒界破壊を助長する元素であるため低い方が望ましく、上限を0.040%とする。好ましくは0.030%以下である。
SはMnSなどの硫化物系介在物となって存在して延性や耐食性等を低下させる元素である。特に含有量が0.01%を超えた場合にそれらの悪影響が顕著に生じる。そのためS量は極力低い方が望ましく、本発明ではS量の上限を0.01%とする。好ましくは0.007%以下である。さらに好ましくは0.005%以下である。
Crは鋼板表面に不動態皮膜を形成して耐食性を向上させる効果を有する元素である。この効果を得るためにはCr量を15.5%以上とする必要がある。しかし、Crはオーステナイト相の生成を抑制するため、含有量が18.0%を超えると、熱延板焼鈍時にオーステナイト相の生成が不十分となり、本発明によるフェライト相粒界の選択溶解抑制効果が得られない。そのため、Cr量は15.5~18.0%の範囲とする。好ましくは16.0~18.0%の範囲である。さらに好ましくは16.0~17.0%の範囲である。
Niは耐食性を向上させる元素である。また、オーステナイト相の生成を促進し、熱延板焼鈍時にフェライト相とオーステナイト相が出現する二相温度域を拡大する効果がある。これらの効果は0.01%以上の含有で顕著となる。一方、Ni含有量が1.0%を超えると加工性が低下するため好ましくない。そのためNiを含有する場合は0.01~1.0%とする。好ましくは0.05~0.60%の範囲である。さらに好ましくは0.10~0.30%の範囲である。
AlはSiと同様に脱酸剤として作用する元素である。この効果を得るためには0.001%以上の含有が必要である。しかし、Alはオーステナイト相の生成を抑制するため、含有量が0.10%を超えると、熱延板焼鈍時にオーステナイト相の生成が不十分となり、本発明によるフェライト相粒界の選択溶解抑制効果が得られない。また、Al2O3等のAl系介在物が増加し、表面性状が低下しやすくなる。そのため、Al量は0.001~0.10%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.001~0.07%の範囲である。さらに好ましくは0.001~0.05%の範囲である。より一層好ましくは0.001~0.03%の範囲である。
Nは熱延板焼鈍時にオーステナイト相の生成を促進し、酸洗時のフェライト相粒界の選択溶解を抑制する効果があるため、0.005%以上の含有とする。しかし、Nが0.025%を超えるとCr窒化物が析出して、本発明の方法によってもフェライト相粒界の選択溶解が防止できないため、0.025%以下とする。従って、N量は0.005%~0.025%の範囲とする。下限は、好ましくは0.008%、さらに好ましくは0.010%である。上限は、好ましくは0.020%、さらに好ましくは0.015%である。
Cu:0.1~1.0%
Cuは耐食性を向上させる元素であり、特に高い耐食性が要求される場合には含有することが有効である。また、Cuにはオーステナイト相の生成を促進し、熱延板焼鈍時にフェライト相とオーステナイト相が出現する二相温度域を拡大する効果がある。これらの効果は0.1%以上の含有で顕著となる。しかし、Cu含有量が1.0%を超えると熱間加工性が低下する場合があり好ましくない。そのためCuを含有する場合は0.1~1.0%とする。好ましくは0.2~0.8%の範囲である。さらに好ましくは0.3~0.5%の範囲である。
Moは耐食性を向上させる元素であり、特に高い耐食性が要求される場合には含有することが有効である。この効果は0.1%以上の含有で顕著となる。しかし、Moはオーステナイト相の生成を抑制するため、含有量が0.5%を超えると熱延板焼鈍時にオーステナイト相の生成が不十分となり、本発明によるフェライト相粒界の選択溶解抑制効果が得られない。そのため、Moを含有する場合は0.1~0.5%とする。好ましくは0.1~0.3%の範囲である。
Coは靭性を向上させる元素である。この効果は0.01%以上の含有によって得られる。一方、含有量が0.5%を超えると製造性を低下させる。そのため、Coを含有する場合の含有量は0.01~0.5%の範囲とする。
V: 0.01~0.10%
Vは鋼中のCおよびNと化合して、固溶C、固溶Nを低減する。これにより、加工性を向上させる。さらに、熱延板での炭窒化物の析出挙動を制御して熱延起因または焼鈍起因の表面欠陥の発生を抑制して表面性状を改善する。これらの効果を得るためにはV量を0.01%以上含有する必要がある。しかし、Vはオーステナイト相の生成を抑制するため、含有量が0.10%を超えると、熱延板焼鈍時にオーステナイト相の生成が不十分となり、本発明によるフェライト相粒界の選択溶解抑制効果が得られない。そのため、Vを含有する場合は0.01~0.10%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.02~0.08%の範囲である。
TiおよびNbはVと同様に、CおよびNとの親和力の高い元素であり、熱間圧延時に炭化物あるいは窒化物として析出し、母相中の固溶C、固溶Nを低減させ、加工性を向上させる。これらの効果を得るためには、0.001%以上のTi、0.001%以上のNbを含有する必要がある。しかし、TiおよびNbはオーステナイト相の生成を抑制するため、含有量がTiが0.05%、Nbが0.05%をそれぞれ超えると、熱延板焼鈍時にオーステナイト相の生成が不十分となり、本発明によるフェライト相粒界の選択溶解抑制効果が得られない。また、過剰なTiNまたはNbCの析出により良好な表面性状を得ることができない。そのため、Tiを含有する場合は0.001~0.05%の範囲、Nbを含有する場合は0.001~0.05%の範囲とする。Ti量は好ましくは0.003~0.03%の範囲である。さらに好ましくは0.005~0.015%の範囲である。Nb量は好ましくは0.003~0.03%の範囲である。さらに好ましくは0.005~0.015%の範囲である。
Caは、連続鋳造の際に発生しやすいTi系介在物の晶出によるノズルの閉塞を防止するのに有効な成分である。この効果を得るためには0.0002%以上の含有が必要である。しかし、Ca量が0.0020%を超えるとCaSが生成して耐食性が低下する。そのため、Caを含有する場合は0.0002~0.0020%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.0005~0.0015%の範囲である。さらに好ましくは0.0005~0.0010%の範囲である。
Mgは熱間加工性を向上させる効果がある元素である。この効果を得るためには0.0002%以上の含有が必要である。しかし、Mg量が0.0050%を超えると表面品質が低下する。そのため、Mgを含有する場合は0.0002~0.0050%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.0005~0.0035%の範囲である。さらに好ましくは0.0005~0.0020%の範囲である。
Bは低温二次加工脆化を防止するのに有効な元素である。この効果を得るためには0.0002%以上の含有が必要である。しかし、B量が0.0050%を超えると熱間加工性が低下する。そのため、Bを含有する場合は0.0002~0.0050%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.0005~0.0035%の範囲である。さらに好ましくは0.0005~0.0020%の範囲である。
REM(Rare Earth Metals)は耐酸化性を向上させる元素であり、特に溶接部の酸化皮膜の形成を抑制し溶接部の耐食性を向上させる効果がある。この効果を得るためには0.01%以上の含有が必要である。しかし、0.10%を超えて含有すると冷延焼鈍時の酸洗性などの製造性を低下させる。また、REMは高価な元素であるため、過度な含有は製造コストの増加を招くため好ましくない。そのため、REMを含有する場合は0.01~0.10%の範囲とする。
熱延板焼鈍は本発明の金属組織を得る上で極めて重要な工程である。熱延板焼鈍温度が920℃未満では十分な再結晶が生じないうえ、フェライト単相域となるため、二相域焼鈍によって発現する本発明の効果が得られない。一方、1100℃を超えるとオーステナイト相の生成量が減少し、やはり本発明の効果が得られない。焼鈍時間が5秒未満の場合、所定の温度で焼鈍したとしてもオーステナイト相の生成とフェライト相の再結晶が十分に生じないため、所定の成形性が得られない。一方、焼鈍時間が15分を超えると生産性が低下し好ましくない。そのため、熱延板焼鈍は920~1100℃で5秒~15分間の範囲で行う。好ましい温度範囲は940~1100℃、より好ましい温度範囲は960~1100℃である。
フェライト相粒界の選択溶解を防止するためには、熱延板焼鈍後冷却中のフェライト相粒界でのCr炭窒化物の析出を抑制することが必要である。このためには、炭窒化物の析出温度域における冷却速度を速め、Cr炭窒化物の析出が十分に生じる前に析出温度域よりも低温まで冷却するとよい。この効果を得るためには、1100~500℃の温度範囲を10℃/sec以上の冷却速度で冷却する。好ましくは15℃/sec以上、より好ましくは20℃/sec以上の範囲である。なお、本発明において、冷却速度とは1100~500℃の温度範囲における冷却速度の平均を指す。
表1に示す成分組成を有するステンレス鋼を50kg小型真空溶解炉にて溶製した。これらの鋼塊を1150℃で1h加熱後、熱間圧延を施して4mm厚の熱延板とした。次いで、これらの熱延板に対して、表2に記載の条件で熱延板焼鈍および冷却を施した後、表面にショットブラスト処理と酸洗を行い、熱延焼鈍板(ステンレス冷延鋼板用素材)を得た。なお、酸洗は、温度80℃、20質量%硫酸の溶液中に60秒浸漬後、15質量%硝酸および3質量%弗酸からなる温度55℃の混合酸溶液中に30秒浸漬した。
200μm×200μmの領域についてSEMによる表面観察を行い、フェライト相粒界の選択溶解の程度を評価した。幅0.1μm以上溶解したフェライト相粒界を選択溶解した粒界とし、幅0.1μm未満の粒界を選択溶解が生じていない粒界と識別した。次に、領域内に存在する全ての粒界長さの合計と、選択溶解した粒界長さの合計を撮影した組織写真から測定した。選択溶解した粒界長さが全粒界の長さに占める割合を求め、10%未満であれば特に優れた特性で合格(◎)、10%以上20%以下であれば合格(○)、20%超であれば不合格(×)とした。
断面組織観察は、採取した試験片の圧延方向と平行な断面を樹脂に埋め込み鏡面研磨後、ピクリン酸塩酸溶液で腐食(エッチング)し、光学顕微鏡を用いて板厚中央部を倍率400倍で10視野撮影した。得られた組織写真について、金属組織学的特徴からマルテンサイト相とフェライト相を識別・分離し、画像解析装置を用いてマルテンサイト相の面積率を測定し、10視野の平均値を当該熱延焼鈍板におけるマルテンサイト相の体積分率とした。
冷延焼鈍板(フェライト系ステンレス冷延鋼板)から、圧延方向と直角方向にJIS 13B号引張試験片を採取し、引張試験をJIS Z2241に準拠して行い、破断伸びを測定し、破断伸びが30%以上の場合を特に優れた特性として合格(◎)、破断伸びが30%未満28%以上の場合を合格(○)、28%未満の場合を不合格(×)とした。
JIS B0601に準拠して表面粗さを測定した。算術平均粗さRaが0.02μ以下であれば特に優れた特性で合格(◎)、0.02μm超0.03μm以下であれば合格(○)、0.03超であれば不合格(×)とした。
冷延焼鈍板(フェライト系ステンレス冷延鋼板)から、圧延方向と直角にJIS 13B号引張試験片を採取し、引張試験をJIS Z2241に準拠して行い、破断伸びを測定し、破断伸びが30%以上の場合を特に優れた特性として合格(◎)、破断伸びが30%未満28%以上の場合を合格(○)、28%未満の場合を不合格(×)とした。
冷延焼鈍板(フェライト系ステンレス冷延鋼板)から、圧延方向と平行にJIS 5号引張試験片を採取し、試験片の片面を#600エメリーペーパーで研磨し、単軸引張で20%の予歪を付与した後、表面をJIS B 0601-2001に準拠して、引張試験片の平行部中央のうねりを測定し、最大うねり(リジング高さ)が2.5μm以下を合格(○)とし、2.5μm超えを不合格(×)とした。
冷延酸洗焼鈍板から、60×100mmの試験片を採取し、表面を#600エメリーペーパーにより研磨仕上げした後に端面部をシールした試験片を作製し、JIS H 8502に規定された塩水噴霧サイクル試験に供した。塩水噴霧サイクル試験は、塩水噴霧(5質量%NaCl、35℃、噴霧2h)→乾燥(60℃、4h、相対湿度40%)→湿潤(50℃、2h、相対湿度≧95%)を1サイクルとして、8サイクル行った。塩水噴霧サイクル試験を8サイクル実施後の試験片表面を写真撮影し、画像解析により試験片表面の発錆面積を測定し、試験片全面積との比率から発錆面積率((試験片中の発錆面積/試験片全面積)×100 [%])を算出した。発錆面積率が10%以下を特に優れた耐食性で合格(◎)、10%超25%以下を合格(○)、25%超を不合格(×)とした。
Claims (5)
- 質量%で、C:0.005~0.025%、Si: 0.02~0.50%、Mn: 0.55~1.0%、P: 0.040%以下、S: 0.01%以下、Cr: 15.5~18.0%、Ni: 0.01~1.0%、Al: 0.001~0.10%、N: 0.005~0.025%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなり、
かつ、体積分率で5~20%のマルテンサイト相と残部がフェライト相からなる金属組織を有し、
さらに、鋼板表面に露出したフェライト相粒界のうち選択溶解が生じたフェライト相粒界の割合が粒界全長の20%以下であるステンレス冷延鋼板用素材。 - 質量%で、さらに、Cu:0.1~1.0%、Mo: 0.1~0.5%、Co: 0.01~0.5%のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含む請求項1に記載のステンレス冷延鋼板用素材。
- 質量%で、さらに、V: 0.01~0.10%、Ti: 0.001~0.05%、Nb: 0.001~0.05%、Ca: 0.0002~0.0020%、Mg: 0.0002~0.0050%、B: 0.0002~0.0050%、REM: 0.01~0.10%のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含む請求項1または2に記載のステンレス冷延鋼板用素材。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のステンレス冷延鋼板用素材に対して冷間圧延および焼鈍を行い得られる、フェライト系ステンレス冷延鋼板。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のステンレス冷延鋼板用素材の製造方法であって、鋼スラブに対して、熱間圧延を施し、次いで920~1100℃の温度範囲で5秒~15分間保持する熱延板焼鈍を行い、次いで、1100~500℃の温度範囲を10℃/sec以上の冷却速度で冷却し、酸洗するステンレス冷延鋼板用素材の製造方法。
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| US15/737,045 US10801084B2 (en) | 2015-07-02 | 2015-07-02 | Material for cold rolled stainless steel sheets, method for manufacturing the same, and cold rolled steel sheet |
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| JPWO2017002148A1 (ja) | 2017-06-29 |
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