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WO2017085612A1 - Système d'anode à grille d'iccp qui atténue la défaillance de connexions d'alimentation positives - Google Patents

Système d'anode à grille d'iccp qui atténue la défaillance de connexions d'alimentation positives Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017085612A1
WO2017085612A1 PCT/IB2016/056842 IB2016056842W WO2017085612A1 WO 2017085612 A1 WO2017085612 A1 WO 2017085612A1 IB 2016056842 W IB2016056842 W IB 2016056842W WO 2017085612 A1 WO2017085612 A1 WO 2017085612A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power feeder
protection system
impressed current
cathode protection
current cathode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2016/056842
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English (en)
Inventor
Wasim Idris BAIG
Fawaz S. AL-FAWAZ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SABIC Global Technologies BV
Original Assignee
SABIC Global Technologies BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SABIC Global Technologies BV filed Critical SABIC Global Technologies BV
Publication of WO2017085612A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017085612A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
    • C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
    • C23F13/10—Electrodes characterised by the structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
    • C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
    • C23F13/20—Conducting electric current to electrodes

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an impressed current cathode protection system that mitigates power feeder connection failures.
  • ICCP Impressed Current Cathodic Protection
  • Routing power connectors through underground grommets and conduits to a power feeder system limits potential connector entanglements and exposure to changing environmental conditions [see, Kroon, US5065893].
  • splicing power feeder connectors to create multiple power feeder connections on an overlapping anode network reduces the number of connectors while creating a redundancy in power delivery should an individual power feeder connection fail [see Cathodic.CO.UK, "Cathodic Protection- An overview"]. In each case neither improved access to the anode network nor is greater stability for the power feeder connections addressed.
  • the objective of the present disclosure is to provide a system for mitigating power feeder connection failures within an ICCP system.
  • the present invention relates to an impressed current cathodic protection system comprising i) a power feeder system including at least one power feeder junction box comprising a bus bar, and a main power supply connected to the at least one power feeder junction box by a plurality of power feeder connectors ii) an overlapping anode network comprising a plurality of parallel anodes, and a plurality of parallel conductor bars, wherein the plurality of parallel anodes overlap with the plurality of parallel conductor bars to form intersection points wherein the anodes and conductor bars are metallurgically bonded at the intersection points, wherein at least one of the conductor bars is directly connected to the bus bar in at least one power feeder junction box, and wherein at least one power feeder connector is electrically connected to a first bus bar of a first power feeder junction box and at least one power feeder connector is electrically connected to a second bus bar of a second power feeder junction box, and wherein no power feeder connectors are metallurgically bonded to the
  • At least one bus bar is integrally connected to and enclosed within at least one power feeder junction box.
  • the overlapping anode network is adjacent to a metal structure.
  • the metal structure is an above ground storage tank base
  • At least one power feeder junction box is mounted to a wall of the metal structure.
  • the metal structure comprises a concrete ring and at least one conductor bar passes through the concrete ring of the metal structure via at least one conduit.
  • the at least one conduit comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, vitrified clay, high density polyethylene, and aery 1 onitril e-butadi ene- sty rene .
  • the at least one conduit comprises an inner cavity with a diameter that is at least 1-10 times the longest cross sectional dimension of the at least one conductor bar.
  • the at least one conduit comprises a nonconductive filler material disposed between the conductor bar and an inner surface of the conduit.
  • the at least one power feeder system is proximal to the conduit.
  • the plurality of parallel anodes are in the form of ribbons.
  • the plurality of parallel conductor bars and the plurality of parallel anodes are titanium.
  • the plurality of parallel conductor bars are in the form of ribbons having a width of 10-20 mm.
  • the plurality of parallel conductor bars are in the form of cylinders having a diameter of 0.5-3 mm.
  • the plurality of parallel anodes comprise at least one metal oxide coating selected from the group consisting of iridium oxide, ruthenium oxide, titanium oxide, and tantalum oxide.
  • intersection points are metallurgically bonded with spot welds.
  • the bus bar is connected to the main power supply with at least one power feeder connector.
  • a voltmeter is connected to the overlapping anode network to measure and display a voltage across the overlapping anode network.
  • FIG. 1 A is a side view illustration of an ICCP system for a circular storage tank.
  • Fig. IB is a different view illustration of a wall mounted junction box from Fig. 1 A.
  • FIG. 1C is a different view illustration of a wall mounted junction box from Fig. 1 A.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view illustration of an ICCP system for a circular storage tank.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial cross sectional side view illustration of an ICCP system for a circular storage tank.
  • positive power feeder connectors (102) in an impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system route power from a main power supply (103) to a pair of power feeder junction boxes mounted to a circular storage tank wall (105).
  • ICCP impressed current cathodic protection
  • Fig. IB illustrates the power feeder junction box 101.
  • a bus bar (104) is integrally connected to a surface of the inner cavity via at least one fastener.
  • a power feeder cable connector 102 and a conductor bar (106) are electrically connected to the bus bar in a transverse orientation.
  • the power feeder connector routes a current from the main power supply to the conductor bar 102 via the bus bar 104.
  • the positive power feeder connector is fed out of the inner cavity 107, via apertures in the power feeder box walls.
  • the power feeder junction box includes a sealable hatch (108) for protecting the inner cavity 107, the bus bar 104, the connected power feeder connector 102 and conductor bar 106 from adverse environmental conditions.
  • the parallel conductor bars 106 pass from the power feeder junction box 101, through the circular storage tank wall 105, via a PVC conduit (201).
  • the conductor bars run through the circular storage tank wall and underneath a circular storage tank base (203).
  • the parallel conductor bars overlap with a plurality of anodes (202) running perpendicular to the conductor bars.
  • a combination of the parallel conductor bars and the plurality of parallel anodes constitute an overlapping anode network.
  • Current routed through the parallel conductor bars from the main power supply junction box 103 via the bus bar 101 is fed to the plurality of parallel anodes to establish an electrochemical cell and provide corrosion protection for the circular storage tank base 203.
  • the plurality of parallel anodes and the parallel conductor bars form intersection points (301) as they overlap.
  • the plurality of parallel anodes 202 and the parallel conductor bars 106 are metallurgically bonded at the intersection points 301, to allow current to pass from the conductor bars 106 to the plurality of parallel anodes 202 while providing greater structural stability for the overlapping anode network (302).
  • a layer of compacted electrolytic backfill (303).
  • the electrolytic backfill provides a pathway for current to flow within the electrochemical cell and provides mechanical support to the circular storage tank.
  • ICCP systems wherein power feeder connectors are metallurgically bonded to an overlapping anode network are known to be susceptible to failure due to variations in bonding materials, environmental conditions, poor workmanship and bonding techniques. Additionally, power feeder connector maintenance is impractical due to the inaccessibility of the overlapping anode network when in service. Furthermore, in order to perform repairs it is necessary to take the protected metal structure out of service which may severely reduce the productivity of the protected structure. Therefore, an ICCP system without power feeder connectors permanently attached to an anode network is advantageous.
  • the present disclosure relates to an Impressed Current Cathode Protection (ICCP) system that includes a power feeder system involving a main power supply 103 connected via a plurality of power feeder connectors 102 to at least one bus bar 104 integrally connected within at least one power feeder junction box 101.
  • ICCP Impressed Current Cathode Protection
  • a main power supply 103 as used herein refers to any apparatus or system providing DC power to at least one bus bar within at least one power feeder junction box.
  • Exemplary power sources include a solar panel array, a transformer rectifier unit connected to an AC power grid, a wind turbine, and a thermoelectric generator.
  • the main power supply is a transformer rectifier unit electrically connected to an AC power grid wherein the transformer rectifier unit converts AC power from the grid into DC power and delivers the DC power via a plurality of power feeder connectors 102 attached to at least one bus bar 104 integrally connected to at least one power feeder junction box 101.
  • the power feeder junction box 101 may be a protective enclosure of any shape (e.g. cubical, spheroidal, polygonal, etc.) and/or a structure with an internal cavity, having an open mode and a closed mode, provided the protective enclosure can house at least one bus bar 104 and includes at least two apertures for connecting an overlapping anode network and a main power supply 103 to the bus bar 104 while in the closed mode.
  • the power feeder junction box 101 is cubical with two apertures located on the same, different or traverse sides.
  • the feeder junction box is made of a synthetic polymeric material.
  • the two apertures are on the same side of a power feeder junction box.
  • a first aperture is on top of a power feeder junction box and a second aperture is on a bottom of the power feeder junction box.
  • the power feeder connectors 102 as used herein may be electrically conductive elongated structures insulated with a non-conductive polymer material sheath.
  • the power feeder connectors function to electrically connect the bus bar to the main power supply.
  • the power feeder connector is a copper cored wire in a polyethylene sheath.
  • the nonconductive sheath could be selected from polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, neoprene, thermoplastic, polyurethane, fluoropolymers, rubber, silicone and/or one or more of the other polymeric materials disclosed herein.
  • a bus bar as used herein refers to an electrically conductive metallic material, preferably selected from the group consisting of but not limited to aluminum, brass, copper, alloys thereof and mixtures thereof in any shape or size capable of fitting completely within the inner cavity of the power feeder junction box in a closed mode.
  • the bus bar may be used in any form but preferably has a thickness of less than 0.5 in to minimize current loss from skin effects. In one embodiment, the bus bar is a 0.20 in thick rectangular plate.
  • Exemplary bus bar forms include tubes, cylinders, rectangles, ingots, briquettes, sponges, ribbons, braided wires and plates.
  • the bus bar is preferably integrally connected to at least one surface of the inner cavity of the power feeder junction box by at least one fastener, and has a current capacity at least equal to an incoming current from the main power supply. It must be noted, the required current capacity for a bus bar may change with the application selected, anode type used, metal structure size, main power supply potential and electrolyte medium in contact with the metal structure.
  • a bus bar connected to a main power supply with a DC current output has a current capacity up to 200A, preferably up to 150A, up to 100 A, or up to 5 OA.
  • a fastener as used herein includes for example a clamp, a screw, a bolt, and a metallurgical bond that functions to bind the bus bar to a surface of a power feeder junction box inner cavity.
  • a rectangular bus bar 104 is integrally connected to the inner cavity with bolts along the shorter sides.
  • multiple bus bars are integrally connected to the surface defining an inner cavity of a single power feeder junction box 101.
  • the ICCP system is shown including an overlapping anode network 302 comprising a plurality of substantially parallel anodes 202 that overlap with a plurality of roughly parallel conductor bars 106 to form intersection points 301.
  • the overlapping anode network 302 protects a metal structure 105 by providing a reaction surface other than a metallic surface of the metal structure where metal to metal oxide conversion can take place.
  • the overlapping anode network configuration may be in any configuration provided that the configuration generates at least one intersection point 301 between at least one conductor bar 106 and at least one anode 202, and at least one conductor bar is directly electrically connected to at least one bus bar 104 optionally integrally connected to at least one power feeder junction box 101.
  • the anodes may cross the conductor bars in any conformation. Examples include but are not limited to spirals, concentric circles, parabolas, serpentines, woven, and/or radii.
  • the overlapping anode network 302 is a grid.
  • the plurality of parallel anodes 202 and the plurality of parallel conductor bars 201 may comprise any material selected from the group consisting of but not limited to titanium, silicon, cast iron, platinum, and mixtures thereof.
  • the plurality of parallel conductor bars 201 and the plurality of parallel anodes 202 comprise titanium and/or are made of titanium.
  • the plurality of parallel anodes 202 and parallel conductor bars 201 could also be of any size or shape provided the largest cross sectional dimension of the conductor bar 201 is less than the diameter of at least one of the power feeder junction box 101 apertures.
  • the plurality of parallel conductor bars 201 is 10-20 mm wide.
  • the plurality of parallel conductor bars 201 are 0.5-10 mm in diameter, preferably 1-8, 2-6, 3-5 mm in diameter.
  • the plurality of parallel anodes are ribbons.
  • the plurality of parallel conductor bars are selected from the group consisting of I beams, tubes, reinforcing bars, cables and wires.
  • the plurality of parallel anodes 202 may further include a metal oxide coating selected from the group consisting of iridium oxide, ruthenium oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, and mixtures thereof.
  • the metal oxide coating comprises titanium oxide and iridium oxide.
  • Other coatings such as silicon and graphite may be used to cover the parallel anodes 202.
  • the ICCP system of the present disclosure also relates to an overlapping anode network 302 wherein the anodes 202 and conductor bars 106 are metallurgically bonded at the intersection points 301.
  • Metallurgically bonded refers to the structure of the bond formed by any process wherein at least two metal surfaces are joined by forming a molten state of the two surfaces and/or by using the same or a different metal source to create a molten metal mixture which solidifies to form a bond between the two metal surfaces.
  • the intersection points 301 are metallurgically bonded together with spot welds.
  • the overlapping anode network 302 may be used to protect a variety of metal structures.
  • the metal structures include any selected from the group consisting of but not limited to an above ground storage tank base, a buried storage tank, a jetty, a wharf, a marine harbor, a marine pier, a platform, a ship, tubular sheet steel, a pipe, and a pipeline,
  • the anode network is adjacent to an above ground storage tank base.
  • the metal structure may include any building material so long as at least one part of the metal structure is a metallic material susceptible to corrosion.
  • the metal structure is a storage tank comprising a steel base and a concrete wall 105.
  • the metal structure is a ship with a frame and a hull made of steel.
  • the metal structure is a metal pipe, preferably a steel pipe.
  • a metal structure wall as used herein refers to any vertically rising and/or horizontally extending surface that separates a metal structure's internal cavity from an exterior environment.
  • the ICCP system of the present disclosure includes an overlapping anode network 302 adjacent to a metal structure.
  • Adjacent refers to a distance wherein an overlapping anode network 302 is positioned proximal to a metal structure.
  • the anode network may be up to 200 meters from a metal structure, preferably 100 meters, 50 meters, or 10 meters. In one embodiment, an anode network is 50 meters beneath an above ground storage tank. Preferably the anode network is proximal to the metal structure and is no further than 5 meters away from the metal structure, preferably having an average distance of less than 3 meters from the metal structure measured from the intersection points of the anode network.
  • the overlapping anode network includes at least one conductor bar directly linked to at least one bus bar, which is integrally connected to at least one power feeder junction box through a wall of a metal structure via a conduit (Fig. 3).
  • the conductor bar does not change composition or dimension between the power feeder junction box and the overlapping anode network formed between the anode and the conductor bar. More preferably, the conductor bar is directly connected to the bus bar in the power feeder junction box. The distance between the overlapping anode network formed between the anode and conductor bar and the power feeder junction box to the bus bar is minimized.
  • the distance between the last intersection point of the conductor bar and the power feeder junction box is no more than 10 meters, 5 meters, 3 meters, and most preferably no more than 1 meter.
  • Current passing through the conductor bar may be controlled using any localized or remote control device.
  • the at least one conductor bar 106 is directly connected to the at least one bus bar using an electrical switch.
  • the control device may include a fuse, a solenoid, and an electrical switch or any combination thereof.
  • the at least one conduit 201 may be made of any nonconductive material selected from the group consisting of but not limited to ceramic materials, polymeric materials, glass materials, rubber, thermoplastics, foams, polyolefins, polyimides, polyamides fluoropolymers, laminates, beryllium oxide, fiberglass, polyethylene, polyurethane, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyester, phenolic, Teflon, polyvinyl chloride, acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene, epoxy/fiberglass, neoprene, nylon, polyethylene terephthalate, silicone rubber, polysulfide, polyetherimide, polyphenylene and vitrified clay.
  • the conduit is a polyvinyl chloride pipe.
  • the at least one conduit 201 is in the form of an elongated hollow shaft with an outer surface, an inner cavity, and at least two apertures.
  • the elongated hollow shaft is of a sufficient length to traverse at least one cross sectional dimension of the metal structure's wall (Fig. 2).
  • the conduit passes through a horizontal cross sectional portion of a circular above-ground storage tank side wall.
  • at least one conduit passes through vertical cross sectional dimensions of an above-ground storage tank's base and side wall (Fig. 3).
  • the elongated hollow shaft may be in any orientation needed to traverse through the metal structure's wall.
  • the elongated shaft is in a bent orientation.
  • the elongated shaft is in an arched conformation.
  • Other elongated shaft confirmations include but are not limited to polygonal, branched and serpentine.
  • the aperture and elongated hollow shaft of the conduit 201 has a diameter of sufficient dimension to accommodate the conductor bar 106.
  • the at least two apertures and the inner cavity of the hollow shaft have a diameter that is at least 1-10 times the longest cross sectional dimension of the conductor bar 106, preferably 1.5-8, 2-6, or 3-6 times the longest cross sectional dimension of the conductor bar.
  • a plurality of conductor bars 106 pass through at least one conduit of sufficient diameter.
  • the conduit may include a nonconductive filler material disposed between an outer surface of the conductor bar and an inner surface of the inner cavity of the conduit to prevent leaks, short circuits and to increase conduit structural strength.
  • the nonconductive filler material may be any non-electrically conductive material, e.g., an electrical insulator, capable of being placed within the elongated hollow shaft without interfering with the operation of the conductor bar 106.
  • the nonconductive filler material is preferably sufficiently fluid to be easily removed from the elongated shaft when required and not chemically reactive with the metal structure, the conduit, or an environment surrounding the metal structure.
  • the nonconductive filler material is silicone.
  • the nonconductive filler material is a shredded rubber.
  • Other nonconductive filler materials include but are not limited to fiber glass, polyolefins, fluoropolymers; oil impregnated papers, ceramics, polyvinyl chloride, polyimides and compressed inorganic powders.
  • the at least one power feeder system (Fig. 3) is proximal to the at least one conduit's terminal end. Any and/or all components of the power feeder system, at least one conduit's end, a metal structure's wall or any combination thereof, may be attached to one another as to appear fluidly connected. However, a spatial distance between said components may differ.
  • an at least one conduits end is proximal to a power feeder junction box and distal to an above ground storage tank outer wall.
  • At least one power feeder junction box 101 is mounted to a wall of a metal structure.
  • the power feeder junction box may be mounted to a metal structure's wall using at least one fastener, provided the power feeder junction box could be aligned with at least one aperture of a conduit through which a conductor bar passes between the power feeder junction box and the overlapping anode network formed between the conductor bar and the plurality of parallel anodes.
  • a power feeder junction box surface is attached to a conduit wherein a conduit aperture and a junction box aperture are coincident.
  • the power feeder junction box may be mounted to a metal structure in any arrangement and/or pattern.
  • periodic arrangements of power feeder junction boxes are mounted around an above-ground storage tank's outer wall circumference, wherein at least one power feeder junction box aperture is coincident with a conduit aperture.
  • the power junction boxes may be mounted to a metal structure's base, top or attached remotely to an elongated conduit.
  • no power feeder connectors are directly connected to the overlapping anode network. All power delivery to the overlapping anode network may thus occur through the at least one conductor bar directly linked to the at least one bus bar integrally connected to the least one power feeder junction box through the wall of the metal structure via the conduit.
  • Power feeder connectors refers to any electrically conductive elongated structures used to transfer an electrical current from the power feeder system to the overlapping anode network but excluding any parallel conductor bar and/or a parallel anode within the overlapping anode network.
  • the ICCP of the present disclosure may include a voltmeter for indicating a voltage across the overlapping anode network in real time.
  • a “voltmeter” is any electrical device wherein a voltage difference between two points can be measured and displayed quantitatively on an optical readout in real time.
  • the "optical readout” as used herein in is a display of the voltage difference between at least two points in an electrical circuit.
  • the voltmeter has a digital display screen optical readout.
  • the voltmeter's optical readout is an analog gauge.
  • a voltmeter may be electrically attached to the bus bar with an optical readout mounted on an outer surface of the power feeder junction box.
  • a voltmeter is electrically attached to the bus bar, a digital display screen mounted to an outer wall of the power feeder junction box and a reference electrode attached to the overlapping anode network.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de protection cathodique par courant imposé (ICCP) comprenant un système d'alimentation en énergie et un réseau anodique se chevauchant comprenant une pluralité d'anodes parallèles qui chevauchent une pluralité de barres conductrices parallèles dans lequel au moins une barre conductrice relie directement le réseau anodique chevauchant au système d'alimentation en énergie à travers une paroi d'une structure métallique par l'intermédiaire d'un conduit sans utiliser de liaison d'alimentation électrique entre le réseau anodique chevauchant et le système d'alimentation en énergie.
PCT/IB2016/056842 2015-11-18 2016-11-14 Système d'anode à grille d'iccp qui atténue la défaillance de connexions d'alimentation positives Ceased WO2017085612A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201562257097P 2015-11-18 2015-11-18
US62/257,097 2015-11-18

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WO2017085612A1 true WO2017085612A1 (fr) 2017-05-26

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JP (1) JP2018532864A (fr)
CN (1) CN108603032A (fr)
WO (1) WO2017085612A1 (fr)

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US4255241A (en) * 1979-05-10 1981-03-10 Kroon David H Cathodic protection apparatus and method for steel reinforced concrete structures
US4812212A (en) * 1987-09-08 1989-03-14 Harco Technologies Corporation Apparatus for cathodically protecting reinforcing members and method for installing same
WO1991009155A1 (fr) * 1989-12-18 1991-06-27 Oronzio De Nora S.A. Nouvelles electrodes et nouveau systeme de protection cathodique
US5065893A (en) 1991-03-15 1991-11-19 Corrpro Companies Inc. Cathodic protection system and method for above-ground storage tank bottoms
KR100824187B1 (ko) * 2006-08-07 2008-04-21 이진희 저장탱크와 이에 마련되는 바닥구조 및 저장탱크바닥구조의 보수방법
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110998388A (zh) * 2017-08-24 2020-04-10 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 用于光波导制造的方法
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