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WO2017072423A1 - Monobloc heat pump mounted on the outside of a building for heating and/or for producing domestic hot water - Google Patents

Monobloc heat pump mounted on the outside of a building for heating and/or for producing domestic hot water Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017072423A1
WO2017072423A1 PCT/FR2016/052455 FR2016052455W WO2017072423A1 WO 2017072423 A1 WO2017072423 A1 WO 2017072423A1 FR 2016052455 W FR2016052455 W FR 2016052455W WO 2017072423 A1 WO2017072423 A1 WO 2017072423A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat pump
evaporator
monobloc
pump according
compressor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FR2016/052455
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jacques Bernier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BERNIER DEVELOPPEMENT
Original Assignee
BERNIER DEVELOPPEMENT
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BERNIER DEVELOPPEMENT filed Critical BERNIER DEVELOPPEMENT
Priority to EP16785232.6A priority Critical patent/EP3368835A1/en
Publication of WO2017072423A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017072423A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
    • F24H4/02—Water heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
    • F24S10/55—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates with enlarged surfaces, e.g. with protrusions or corrugations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/40—Solar heat collectors combined with other heat sources, e.g. using electrical heating or heat from ambient air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/60—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the structure or construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F25B39/022—Evaporators with plate-like or laminated elements
    • F25B39/024—Evaporators with plate-like or laminated elements with elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F28D1/0391—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits a single plate being bent to form one or more conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/12—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels
    • F28F3/14—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels by separating portions of a pair of joined sheets to form channels, e.g. by inflation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D2001/0253—Particular components
    • F28D2001/026—Cores
    • F28D2001/0273—Cores having special shape, e.g. curved, annular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
    • F28D2021/0071—Evaporators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • Monobloc heat pump mounted outside a building for heating and / or hot water production
  • the field of the invention is that of heat pumps. More specifically, the invention relates to a monobloc outdoor air / water heat pump.
  • Such a multi-unit installation is particularly advantageous in that its implementation leads to significant savings in terms of consumption of electrical energy required for the production of domestic hot water.
  • the refrigerants used are safety fluids of the chlorofluorocarbon, hydrochlorofluorocarbon or hydro-fluorocarbon type with a greenhouse effect potential of between 1300 kg and 3800 kg of CO2 per kilogram of refrigerant.
  • Monobloc heat pump systems placed outside buildings with aerosol evaporators used as a cold source are also known, such as the Jacques BERNIER patent FR1002263 of 28/01/2010.
  • Such a one-piece installation is advantageous in the sense that no refrigerant connection is to be made to the interior of the building thus allowing the use of hydrocarbon refrigerants.
  • Another disadvantage is that it requires a staff with a qualification of refrigeration to ensure the implementation and maintenance of this type of heat pump, which greatly limits the possibilities of development of current heat pump systems.
  • Exterior monoblock systems include a planar evaporator and a bodied compartment located on the side or center of the outer evaporator sensor (s).
  • a disadvantage of this technique is that much of the heat released by the refrigeration compressor, the condenser and other accessories is lost directly to the outside.
  • the invention therefore particularly aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art mentioned above.
  • the invention aims to provide a heat pump easy to install and to achieve up to 80% energy saving.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a heat pump which provides heating of a liquid for supplying at least one hot water radiator, a floor heating loop, a fan coil or the exchanger of a hot water tank.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a solution in accordance with the regulations which authorizes the use of hydrocarbons as refrigerant such as isobutane, propane or other and that eliminates the harmful direct action on the ozone layer and on the greenhouse effect.
  • Another objective of the invention is to provide a heat pump which does not lose the heat radiated by the elements constituting it and in particular by heating of the compressor in operation.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a heat pump whose installation does not require the use of a staff with a qualification of refrigeration.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a heat pump capable of recovering heat from solar radiation combined with the heat of rain and that of the natural convection of air.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to propose a replacement solution of an existing electric radiator, in particular a convector, simplifying the installation to the extreme.
  • a monobloc outdoor air / water heat pump to be connected to a hot water radiator, a hot water fan coil, a hot water tank or floor heating through an outer wall of a building, comprising a natural convection evaporator, a condenser, a compressor and a pressure reducer interconnected by a refrigerant circuit.
  • said evaporator has a bent portion substantially enveloping said compressor, said expander, said condenser and said refrigerant circuit, obtained by bending, rolling or folding said evaporator (1, 1a, 1b).
  • the part of the evaporator or evaporators not used to form the vertical rolled compartment intended to receive the compressor and the accessories may also be shaped such sinusoids or U-shaped bending or other, the purpose being to limit the total width of the device to facilitate installation.
  • windings or bends will be made with a sufficient radius so as not to close the channels in which the refrigerant circulates, which does not pose any particular problems when the evaporator is made of aluminum as for the case of evaporators of household refrigerators.
  • the bends and windings of the evaporators limit the width of the apparatus, the exchange surface in heat exchange relation by convection with the air exterior will remain important on both sides while the exchange surface subjected to solar radiation will be limited to the surface of the device visible on the front.
  • heat pump In the context of the invention, the term "heat pump” must be understood in its general meaning. It thus aims at a device comprising at least, in a manner known per se, a compressor, at least one heat exchanger forming evaporator, and at least one heat exchanger forming a condenser integrated in a refrigerant circuit.
  • a monobloc heat pump as described above has means for fixing said evaporator on said outer wall, intended to move said evaporator at least 2 centimeters from the wall.
  • said fixing means comprise at least one bracket for securing said portion curved with said outer wall.
  • said compressor, said expander, said condenser and said refrigerant circuit are mounted on a bottom for at least partially blocking a base of said bent portion.
  • a monobloc heat pump as described above has return and start connections of liquid to be heated projecting outwardly from said bottom or the face intended to be turned towards said wall of said evaporator.
  • said bent portion is substantially cylindrical or parallelepipedic with rounded corners.
  • said curved portion is configured so as to act as a bodywork and to participate in the recovery of the heat generated by the refrigerating and hydraulic assemblies.
  • a monoblock heat pump such as described above has a removable plate for accessing the compressor, the expander, the condenser and the refrigerant circuit housed in said curved portion.
  • the interior volume delimited by said curved portion is at least partially filled with insulating particles of a few millimeters, such as cork, for example, in order to limit heat losses.
  • a monobloc heat pump such as described above comprises a cover intended to cover said bent portion ensuring the weathertightness and giving access to the compressor, the expander, the condenser, the refrigerant circuit and the filling means of the hydraulic circuit.
  • said evaporator is formed of a plate having one or more corrugations for limiting the total width of the heat pump while maintaining a large convection exchange surface.
  • a monobloc heat pump as described above comprises two evaporators arranged relative to each other so that their respective curved portions delimit a volume intended to receive the compressor. , the expander, the condenser and the refrigerant circuit, the inlet pipes of the two evaporators being connected in parallel to a pipe after the outlet of the expander, the two pipe outlets of the two evaporators being connected in parallel on a pipe of to the compressor, said heat pump being fixed on the outer wall of the building by mounting tabs at the top and bottom of the heat pump, of suitable length to move the evaporators about ten centimeters from the outer wall in order to allow convection of the air also on their back side.
  • the monobloc outdoor heat pump unit is fixed to the wall with fixing brackets to move the evaporator away from the building wall and thus benefit from the natural convection of the outdoor air. on the back side of the evaporator.
  • a hot water radiator is connected to the one-piece heat pump by two pipes thus forming a complete individual heating system with a room thermostat.
  • a hot water tank comprising an exchanger is connected to the monoblock heat pump by two pipes thus forming a complete domestic hot water production system with a thermostat.
  • a hot water convector coil is connected to the one-piece heat pump by two pipes thus forming a complete individual heating system.
  • the fluid flowing in the refrigerant circuit is a hydrocarbon type R-600a, R-290 or other conventional refrigerant.
  • the hydraulic components such as the pump, the expansion tank, can be placed inside the vertical compartment formed by the curved portion or portions of the evaporator (s), the insulation can be provided by cork particles of a few millimeters.
  • a small vertical plate will be attached to the end of the evaporator where its inlet and outlet piping is located.
  • the compressor is at variable frequency.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of the evaporator of an exemplary heat pump according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of a monoblock heat pump according to the invention, formed of an exchanger as illustrated with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram in top view of the installation of the heat pump according to the invention of Figure 2 on a building wall.
  • FIG. 4 represents a first variant of the embodiment of the invention shown schematically with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 5 represents a second variant of the embodiment of the invention shown schematically with reference to FIG. 3 in which the exchanger comprises a U-shaped bending.
  • FIGS 6 to 8 are side views of the heat pump illustrated with reference to Figure 2.
  • Figure 9 is a side view which illustrates the connection of the hydraulic circuit, before the installation of the vertical shutter plate.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the heat pump presented with reference to FIG. 2.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the invention in which the evaporator has a corrugated shape.
  • Figure 13 is a back view of the heat pump shown with reference to Figure 12.
  • FIGS 14 to 17 are schematic views of another embodiment of a heat pump according to the invention comprising two curved and rolled evaporators to form a central compartment for receiving the refrigerating and hydraulic components.
  • the invention proposes to implement one or more evaporators, associated with refrigerating components so as to form a monoblock heat pump configured to be installed outside a building, and intended to be connected to a heat emitter , such as for example a radiator rising inside the building and / or a heat exchanger of a hot water tank.
  • the heating system or heat pump comprises at least one panel-shaped evaporator allowing heat exchange by convection, conduction and radiation.
  • the evaporator captures the calories present in the air, those of rain and energy from solar radiation.
  • This evaporator is bent or rolled to serve as a bodywork for a thermodynamic assembly while recovering all the heat losses.
  • An external air / water heat pump according to the invention comprises an evaporator 1, a portion 5 of which is bent, for example by bending and / or rolling over its entire height in order to define an interior volume intended to receive the thermodynamic assembly to which the evaporator 1 is connected via two inlet pipes 3 and 4 outlet.
  • the evaporator 1, in a preferred embodiment of the invention is realized laminated aluminum with integrated channels 2 according to the process known as "Roll-bond" used in the manufacture of household refrigerators.
  • the integrated channels 2 form a heat circuit in the evaporator 1 which is similar to that described in the patent Jacques BERNIER FR8312117.
  • the material used is steel, stainless steel, copper or other material on which is crimped, brazed or integrated channels for distributing the refrigerant in a balanced way in the evaporator while promoting heat exchange.
  • the size of an evaporator 1 will for example be 0.90x3m in the case of a manufacture with a single evaporator or 0.90x2m in the case of use of two evaporators.
  • the heat pump or PAC
  • the heat pump comprises the evaporator 1 partially rolled at one end, which forms a vertical cylindrical bent portion whose bottom opening is obstructed by a bottom plate 7 and the The upper opening is closed by a cover 6.
  • a thermodynamic assembly (not shown in FIG. 2), fixed on the bottom plate 7.
  • the cover 6 caps the casing 5 and protects the casing. thermodynamic set of bad weather.
  • the evaporator 1, outside the curved portion 5, is planar and is intended to be arranged vertically during installation, to maximize the benefits of the solar rays of winter and to promote the natural convection of the outside air.
  • almost all of the front surface of the evaporator 1 is exposed to solar radiation. Therefore, the convection exchange surface of the outside air which is the sum of the surfaces of the front face and the back face is substantially double the front surface.
  • FIG 3 there is shown the heat pump installed on a wall M outside a building.
  • This heat pump is fixed in the upper part and in the lower part by two fixing lugs 10 and four fixing lugs 9 moving the apparatus about 10 cm away from the wall M; the lower mounting brackets allow the unit to be elevated a few feet off the ground.
  • a vertical closure plate 8, made of the same material as the evaporator 1, is fixed on the casing 5, which makes it possible to fill the orifice necessary for brazing the inlet and outlet tubes of the evaporator with the thermodynamic assembly and protect the fittings.
  • Figure 4 shows a variant in which the evaporator 1 is rolled to form the cylinder of the casing 5 and then bent in the portion 11. Other forms of bending are also possible. Thus, the compartment formed by the casing 5 is closer to the wall, which reduces the length of the pipes of the hydraulic circuit installed outside the habitat.
  • FIG. 5 represents a variant of FIG. 3 in which the evaporator 1 is bent in an area 12 substantially at half the width of the evaporator 1 with a bending radius of the order of 5 cm.
  • This configuration makes it possible to maintain the total width of the apparatus to a dimension of substantially two meters while substantially increasing the exchange surface subjected to the convection of the outside air; the performance of the heat pump is therefore increased significantly, especially in the absence of sunshine.
  • the total length of the evaporator 1, before shaping, can exceed three meters with this configuration and the monobloc heat pump does not exceed two meters to facilitate its transport and installation.
  • FIGS. 6 to 9 represent, from different angles, the one-piece heat pump with the casing 5 disposed at one end of the plane of the evaporator 1.
  • the bottom 7 and the cover 6 are not represented .
  • Fig. 11 shows a complete block diagram of the monoblock heat pump and the thermodynamic assembly placed inside the compartment C of the evaporator casing.
  • the heat pump comprises a refrigeration unit and a hydraulic circuit intended to be connected to a heating network of a house.
  • the refrigerating assembly comprises a compressor 13, a condenser 16, a pressure reducer 19, and the evaporator 1 and a refrigerant circuit, equipped with a dehydrator filter with a reservoir 18 and an anti-liquid bottle 14.
  • the hydraulic circuit comprises an inlet connection 30, a circulating pump 32, an expansion vessel 36, a degasser purger 35, connecting pipes 31, 33, 34 and a starting connection 37.
  • the heat exchanger 1 is connected by the outlet pipe 4 and a pipe 22 to the inlet of the compressor 16 via the anti-liquid bottle 14.
  • the compressor 16 is itself connected at the outlet to the using a pipe 15 at the inlet of a first circuit of the condenser 16.
  • the condenser 16 is connected to the inlet of the expander 19 via the dehydrator filter reservoir 18 using Finally, the expander 19 is connected at the outlet by means of a pipe 21 to the inlet pipe 3 of the exchanger 1.
  • the compressor 16 is a rotary or rotary type volumetric compressor.
  • the thermodynamic unit is factory-charged with a refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant used in the circuit will preferably be of the hydrocarbon type such as R-600a, R-290, or type R-134a or other.
  • the compressor 13 draws through its anti-liquid bottle 14 and line 22 the vapors formed in the evaporator 1 leaving the pipe 4. It delivers the high pressure compressed gases through the pipe 15 to the first circuit of the condenser 16 where the vapor forming the gases liquefies by yielding by convection and conduction heat to a second circuit of the condenser 16 connected to the hydraulic circuit of the heat pump.
  • the refrigerant liquid obtained by condensation is sent to the dehydrator filter 18 equipped with a reservoir by the pipe 17.
  • the refrigerant liquid is then expanded by the expander 19, preferably of the thermostatic or electronic type, and then injected at low pressure into the evaporator 1 by the pipe 21 and the inlet pipe 3.
  • the refrigerant vaporizes in the evaporator 1 by taking the heat of the solar radiation on the evaporator, the heat of the outside air by natural convection and the heat of the rainwater.
  • the refrigeration unit comprises a low and high pressure safety pressure switch, not shown.
  • the condenser 16 which is preferably composed of brazed plates exchanges the heat of condensation with the heating liquid flowing in the hydraulic circuit.
  • the heating liquid arrives in the heat pump through the inlet connection
  • the heating liquid heated by the heat exchange obtained by conduction is directed by the pipe 34 to the starting connection 37 to the heating circuit of the building.
  • the heated liquid is water or antifreeze liquid.
  • the hydraulic circuit is completed by the expansion tank 36 which compensates for the expansion of the heating liquid contained in the transmitter, for example a radiator or a floor heating coil located inside the building.
  • the volume V of the expansion vessel is of the order of 0.5 liter.
  • the hydraulic circuit comprises in the upper part the degasser trap 35 which is intended to evacuate the air present in the hydraulic circuit, or the refrigerant gas in case of rupture of the walls between the first and the second circuit of the condenser 16 ce which prevents the gas from spreading inside the premises.
  • FIG. 10 represents a prefabrication of the cooling part of the heat pump intended to be installed inside compartment C of the evaporator casing.
  • This refrigerating part comprises in the upper part a condenser 16, refrigerating connection pipes 15, 21 and 22 which form loops for damping the vibrations of the compressor.
  • the hydraulic part is not shown in this figure for clarity.
  • thermodynamic assembly is fixed on the bottom plate 7 serving as a support, then slid into the compartment C formed by the envelope 5 of the evaporator 1.
  • the bottom of the portion curved 5 is fixed on the bottom 7.
  • the closure plate 8 not shown in Figure 10
  • the empty space left in the compartment C is filled in bulk by insulating particles of a few millimeters. Thus it ensures a thermal and acoustic insulation of the thermodynamic set.
  • the cover 6 is fixed at the top of the envelope 5 ensuring the weathertightness of the compartment C.
  • the filling of the hydraulic circuit is preferably carried out with antifreeze liquid at a valve provided on the hydraulic circuit.
  • the heat pump is intended to be connected to a radiator (not shown) of the standard type made of steel or aluminum, without a stop or adjustment valve and preferably calculated for an emission maximum temperature at 45 ° C.
  • the heat pump produces on average a heating power of 1600W for 420W consumed in total by the compressor and the circulation pump 32 of the monobloc heat pump, which corresponds to a coefficient of performance (or COP) of 3.81 in a regime, said nominal regime, in which the outside temperature is 7 ° C, the sunshine received by the evaporator is 150W / m2, and the temperature of the water hydraulic circuit is between 35 ° C and 40 ° C.
  • the heat pump according to the invention can operate when the outside temperature goes below 0 ° C, and down to -20 ° C.
  • the electric power supply of the convector is kept to supply the heat pump electrically and the radiator is placed at the location where the convector was.
  • the hole made in the wall M for the passage of pipes and cables may for example be filled with polyurethane foam so as to waterproof the connection through the wall.
  • All hydraulic components can also be installed inside the building instead of being mounted outside in compartment C of the monoblock heat pump.
  • Figures 12 and 13 show a heat pump according to the invention wherein the evaporator 1 is rolled at one end to form the casing 5 of the compartment C and bent into sinusoidal turns 40i, 402 .... 40 n , forming a ripple whose role is to multiply the convective exchange surface with respect to the front surface of the apparatus subjected to sunshine.
  • the exchange surface is multiplied by 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 or more. This configuration makes it possible to limit the total width of the heat pump while increasing the width of the evaporator 1 and therefore the heat output. and the performance of it in proportion to the actual exchange surface of the evaporator.
  • FIG. 14 shows two evaporators 1a, 1b of the same type as the evaporator 1 of FIG. 1.
  • the evaporators are partially rolled at the end carrying the inlet and outlet pipes 4 to form a half-arc 42a, 42b which during assembly form the envelope of a compartment C for receiving the thermodynamic assembly described above in FIG. 11.
  • the two evaporators la, lb are bent into sinusoidal turns 40i, 402 .... 40 n .
  • the evaporators 1a, 1b are planar.
  • FIG. 15 shows the two evaporators 1a, 1b of FIG. 14, assembled at the level of the envelope 5 on both their left and right sides, to form a central compartment C in which the thermodynamic assembly is housed.
  • the two inlet pipes 3, not shown, of the two evaporators 1a, 1b are connected in parallel to the pipe 21 after the outlet of the expander 19.
  • the two outlet pipes 4, no shown, the two evaporators la, lb are connected in parallel on the pipe 22 to the compressor 13.
  • the heat pump 150 is fixed on the outer wall M of the building by fixing lugs 46, 47 , 48 at the top and bottom of the unit. The length of these fastening tabs removes the evaporator assembly la, lb thus formed, about ten centimeters from the outer wall M to allow the convection of air on the rear face of the evaporator assembly la, lb.
  • FIG. 16 it can be seen that access remains possible for the maintenance of the thermodynamic assembly by removing only the assembly of the right part of the two evaporators 1a, 1b, as well as the high and low fastenings of the fixing lugs. 48 of the evaporator lb.
  • FIG. 18 is a variant of the previous embodiment in which each evaporator, la, lb, is bent at 180 ° at mid-width, to form a U instead of a series of sinusoids.
  • thermodynamic unit in a larger volume.
  • the heat losses associated with the upper interior volume of this compartment are easily recovered by the heat exchange produced at the level of the evaporator casing;
  • a particularly interesting application of the invention is its use in the renovation of electric heating.
  • Another interesting application of the invention is its use in the individual housing, in nine and renovation, to provide central heating and, or the production of domestic hot water.
  • the installation will find an excellent application for floor heating systems.
  • the invention is applicable in all systems requiring the use of heat in winter.
  • the invention can also be used in industrial, agricultural or tertiary heating systems.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a monobloc outside-air/water heat pump comprising at least one evaporator (1, 1a, 1b) curved or coiled at one end to act as the bodywork for the thermodynamic assembly in order to recover all of the heat losses thereof. The outside monobloc design allows the use of hydrocarbons as refrigerants, such as isobutane, propane or others which eliminates the direct detrimental action on the ozone layer and on the greenhouse effect. The heat pump heats a liquid intended to supply at least one hot-water radiator, fan coil unit, underfloor heating or even the heat exchanger of a domestic hot water tank. The main application is replacement of electric convector heaters.

Description

Pompe à chaleur monobloc montée à l'extérieur d'un bâtiment pour le chauffage et/ou la production d'eau chaude sanitaire  Monobloc heat pump mounted outside a building for heating and / or hot water production

1. Domaine de l'invention 1. Field of the invention

Le domaine de l'invention est celui des pompes à chaleur. Plus précisément, l'invention concerne une pompe à chaleur monobloc air extérieur/eau.  The field of the invention is that of heat pumps. More specifically, the invention relates to a monobloc outdoor air / water heat pump.

2. État de la technique 2. State of the art

Diverses technologies associant le solaire et les pompes à chaleur ont été proposées dans le but de réduire la consommation d'énergie requise pour chauffer l'eau ou l'air.  Various technologies combining solar and heat pumps have been proposed in order to reduce the energy consumption required to heat water or air.

On connaît déjà des systèmes de pompes à chaleur avec évaporateurs pour le captage aérosolaires utilisés comme source froide tel le brevet Jacques BERNIER We already know heat pump systems with evaporators for aerosol capture used as a cold source such as the patent Jacques BERNIER

FR8312117 du 21 juillet 1983. FR8312117 of July 21, 1983.

Une telle installation en plusieurs éléments est particulièrement avantageuse en ce sens que sa mise en œuvre conduit à réaliser des économies non négligeables en termes de consommation en énergie électrique requise pour la production d'eau chaude sanitaire.  Such a multi-unit installation is particularly advantageous in that its implementation leads to significant savings in terms of consumption of electrical energy required for the production of domestic hot water.

Les fluides frigorigènes utilisés sont des fluides de sécurité de type chlorofluorocarbures, hydro-chlorofluorocarbures ou encore hydro-fluorocarbures avec un potentiel d'effet de serre compris entre 1300 kg et 3800 kg de C02 par kilogramme de fluide frigorigène.  The refrigerants used are safety fluids of the chlorofluorocarbon, hydrochlorofluorocarbon or hydro-fluorocarbon type with a greenhouse effect potential of between 1300 kg and 3800 kg of CO2 per kilogram of refrigerant.

On connaît également des systèmes de pompe à chaleur monobloc placés à l'extérieur de bâtiments avec évaporateurs aérosolaires utilisés comme source froide tel le brevet Jacques BERNIER FR1002263 du 28/05/2010.  Monobloc heat pump systems placed outside buildings with aerosol evaporators used as a cold source are also known, such as the Jacques BERNIER patent FR1002263 of 28/05/2010.

Une telle installation monobloc est avantageuse dans le sens ou aucun raccordement en fluide frigorigène n'est à effectuer vers l'intérieur du bâtiment permettant ainsi l'utilisation de fluides frigorigènes hydrocarbures.  Such a one-piece installation is advantageous in the sense that no refrigerant connection is to be made to the interior of the building thus allowing the use of hydrocarbon refrigerants.

3. Inconvénients de l'art antérieur 3. Disadvantages of prior art

Les systèmes qui ne sont pas monoblocs et comportent une partie frigorifique placée à l'intérieur des bâtiments obligent à la fois le montage et la mise en service de la pompe à chaleur sur chantier et interdisent par ailleurs l'utilisation d'hydrocarbures comme fluide frigorigène. Un autre inconvénient est que le montage est relativement complexe et peut conduire à des fuites de fluide lors de l'utilisation de raccords frigorifiques à opercule ; en effet, ces raccords sont assez délicats d'utilisation. Systems that are not monobloc and have a refrigeration part placed inside buildings require both the assembly and commissioning of the heat pump on site and also prohibit the use of hydrocarbons as a refrigerant . Another disadvantage is that the mounting is relatively complex and can lead to fluid leaks when using operculum refrigerant fittings; indeed, these fittings are quite delicate to use.

Un autre inconvénient est qu'il nécessite un personnel avec une qualification de frigoriste pour assurer la mise en œuvre et la maintenance de ce type de pompe à chaleur, ce qui limite énormément les possibilités de développement des systèmes actuels de pompe à chaleur.  Another disadvantage is that it requires a staff with a qualification of refrigeration to ensure the implementation and maintenance of this type of heat pump, which greatly limits the possibilities of development of current heat pump systems.

Encore un inconvénient est que la réglementation selon les quantités de fluides frigorigènes utilisés impose un contrôle annuel d'étanchéité des installations. En effet, les fluides frigorigènes utilisés dans ces systèmes ont une action néfaste sur l'effet de serre et sur la couche d'ozone.  Another disadvantage is that the regulation according to the quantities of refrigerants used imposes an annual leakage control of the facilities. In fact, the refrigerants used in these systems have a harmful effect on the greenhouse effect and on the ozone layer.

Les systèmes monobloc extérieurs comportent un évaporateur plan et un compartiment carrossé placé sur le côté ou au centre du ou des capteur(s) évaporateur(s) extérieur(s).  Exterior monoblock systems include a planar evaporator and a bodied compartment located on the side or center of the outer evaporator sensor (s).

Un inconvénient de cette technique est qu'une grande partie de la chaleur dégagée par le compresseur frigorifique, le condenseur et les autres accessoires est perdue directement à l'extérieur.  A disadvantage of this technique is that much of the heat released by the refrigeration compressor, the condenser and other accessories is lost directly to the outside.

Un autre inconvénient est que la carrosserie additionnelle indispensable pour protéger les différents éléments est coûteuse. 4. Objectifs de l'invention  Another disadvantage is that the additional bodywork necessary to protect the different elements is expensive. 4. Objectives of the invention

L'invention a donc notamment pour objectif de pallier les inconvénients de l'état de la technique cités ci-dessus.  The invention therefore particularly aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art mentioned above.

Plus précisément, l'invention a pour objectif de fournir une pompe à chaleur facile à installer et permettant de réaliser jusqu'à 80% d'économie d'énergie.  More specifically, the invention aims to provide a heat pump easy to install and to achieve up to 80% energy saving.

C'est d'une manière générale un but de l'invention de fournir en kit une installation de chauffage par pompe à chaleur ne présentant pas les défauts des installations connues.  It is generally an object of the invention to provide a kit heat pump heating system does not have the defects of known installations.

Un objectif de l'invention est de fournir une pompe à chaleur qui assure le chauffage d'un liquide destiné à alimenter au moins un radiateur à eau chaude, une boucle de plancher chauffant, un ventilo-convecteur ou encore l'échangeur d'un ballon d'eau chaude sanitaire.  An object of the invention is to provide a heat pump which provides heating of a liquid for supplying at least one hot water radiator, a floor heating loop, a fan coil or the exchanger of a hot water tank.

Un autre objectif de l'invention est de fournir une solution conforme à la réglementation qui autorise l'utilisation d'hydrocarbures comme fluide frigorigène tels l'isobutane, le propane ou autres et qui élimine l'action directe néfaste sur la couche d'ozone et sur l'effet de serre. Another object of the invention is to provide a solution in accordance with the regulations which authorizes the use of hydrocarbons as refrigerant such as isobutane, propane or other and that eliminates the harmful direct action on the ozone layer and on the greenhouse effect.

Encore un objectif de l'invention est de fournir une pompe à chaleur qui ne perde pas la chaleur rayonnée par les éléments la constituant et notamment par échauffement du compresseur en fonctionnement.  Another objective of the invention is to provide a heat pump which does not lose the heat radiated by the elements constituting it and in particular by heating of the compressor in operation.

Un objectif de l'invention est de fournir une pompe à chaleur dont l'installation ne nécessite pas le recours à un personnel titulaire d'une qualification de frigoriste.  An object of the invention is to provide a heat pump whose installation does not require the use of a staff with a qualification of refrigeration.

Un autre objectif de l'invention est de fournir une pompe à chaleur apte à récupérer la chaleur provenant du rayonnement solaire combiné avec la chaleur de la pluie et celle de la convection naturelle de l'air.  Another object of the invention is to provide a heat pump capable of recovering heat from solar radiation combined with the heat of rain and that of the natural convection of air.

Encore un objectif de l'invention est de proposer une solution de remplacement d'un radiateur électrique existant, notamment un convecteur, simplifiant à l'extrême l'installation.  Yet another object of the invention is to propose a replacement solution of an existing electric radiator, in particular a convector, simplifying the installation to the extreme.

5. Exposé de l'invention 5. Presentation of the invention

Ces objectifs, ainsi que d'autres qui apparaîtront par la suite sont atteints à l'aide d'une pompe à chaleur monobloc air extérieur/eau destinée à être raccordée à un radiateur à eau chaude, un ventilo-convecteur à eau chaude, un ballon d'eau chaude ou un plancher chauffant au travers d'une paroi extérieure d'un bâtiment, comprenant un évaporateur à convection naturelle, un condenseur, un compresseur et un détendeur reliés entre eux par un circuit de fluide frigorigène.  These and other objectives will be achieved with the help of a monobloc outdoor air / water heat pump to be connected to a hot water radiator, a hot water fan coil, a hot water tank or floor heating through an outer wall of a building, comprising a natural convection evaporator, a condenser, a compressor and a pressure reducer interconnected by a refrigerant circuit.

Selon l'invention, ledit évaporateur présente une portion recourbée enveloppant sensiblement ledit compresseur, ledit détendeur, ledit condenseur et ledit circuit de fluide frigorigène, obtenue par cintrage, roulage ou pliage dudit évaporateur (1, la,lb)..  According to the invention, said evaporator has a bent portion substantially enveloping said compressor, said expander, said condenser and said refrigerant circuit, obtained by bending, rolling or folding said evaporator (1, 1a, 1b).

La partie du ou des évaporateurs non utilisée pour former le compartiment vertical roulé destiné à recevoir le compresseur et les accessoires, pourra être également mis en forme telles des sinusoïdes ou un cintrage en forme de U ou autre, le but étant de limiter la largeur totale de l'appareil afin d'en faciliter la pose.  The part of the evaporator or evaporators not used to form the vertical rolled compartment intended to receive the compressor and the accessories, may also be shaped such sinusoids or U-shaped bending or other, the purpose being to limit the total width of the device to facilitate installation.

Les enroulements ou les cintrages seront réalisés avec un rayon suffisant afin de ne pas obturer les canaux dans lesquels circule le fluide frigorigène ce qui ne pose pas de problèmes particuliers lorsque l'évaporateur est réalisé en aluminium comme pour le cas des évaporateurs des réfrigérateurs ménagers.  The windings or bends will be made with a sufficient radius so as not to close the channels in which the refrigerant circulates, which does not pose any particular problems when the evaporator is made of aluminum as for the case of evaporators of household refrigerators.

Si les cintrages et enroulements des évaporateurs limitent la largeur de l'appareil, la surface d'échange en relation d'échange thermique par convection avec l'air extérieur restera importante sur les deux faces alors que la surface d'échange soumise au rayonnement solaire sera limitée à la surface de l'appareil visible en façade. If the bends and windings of the evaporators limit the width of the apparatus, the exchange surface in heat exchange relation by convection with the air exterior will remain important on both sides while the exchange surface subjected to solar radiation will be limited to the surface of the device visible on the front.

Dans le cadre de l'invention, le terme "pompe à chaleur" doit être entendu dans son acception générale. Il vise ainsi un dispositif comprenant au moins, de façon connue en soi, un compresseur, au moins un échangeur de chaleur formant évaporateur, et au moins un échangeur de chaleur formant condenseur intégrés dans un circuit de fluide frigorigène.  In the context of the invention, the term "heat pump" must be understood in its general meaning. It thus aims at a device comprising at least, in a manner known per se, a compressor, at least one heat exchanger forming evaporator, and at least one heat exchanger forming a condenser integrated in a refrigerant circuit.

Il convient de noter que le système intégrant les composants de la pompe à chaleur autres que l'évaporateur à l'intérieur d'un compartiment formé par l'évaporateur lui-même, la sécurité du système est ainsi assurée.  It should be noted that the system integrating the components of the heat pump other than the evaporator inside a compartment formed by the evaporator itself, the security of the system is ensured.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, une pompe à chaleur monobloc telle que décrite ci-dessus présente des moyens de fixation dudit évaporateur sur ladite paroi extérieure, destinés à écarter ledit évaporateur d'au moins 2 centimètres du mur.  In a particular embodiment of the invention, a monobloc heat pump as described above has means for fixing said evaporator on said outer wall, intended to move said evaporator at least 2 centimeters from the wall.

Selon un aspect particulier de l'invention, lesdits moyens de fixation comprennent au moins une patte de fixation de ladite portion recourbée avec ladite paroi extérieure.  According to a particular aspect of the invention, said fixing means comprise at least one bracket for securing said portion curved with said outer wall.

Selon un aspect particulier de l'invention, ledit compresseur, ledit détendeur, ledit condenseur et ledit circuit frigorifique sont montés sur un fond destiné à obstruer au moins partiellement une base de ladite portion recourbée.  According to a particular aspect of the invention, said compressor, said expander, said condenser and said refrigerant circuit are mounted on a bottom for at least partially blocking a base of said bent portion.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, une pompe à chaleur monobloc telle que décrite ci-dessus présente des raccords de retour et départ de liquide à chauffer faisant saillie vers l'extérieur à partir dudit fond ou de la face destinée à être tournée vers ladite paroi dudit évaporateur.  In a particular embodiment of the invention, a monobloc heat pump as described above has return and start connections of liquid to be heated projecting outwardly from said bottom or the face intended to be turned towards said wall of said evaporator.

Selon un aspect particulier de l'invention, ladite portion recourbée est sensiblement cylindrique ou parallélépipédique avec des angles arrondis.  According to a particular aspect of the invention, said bent portion is substantially cylindrical or parallelepipedic with rounded corners.

Selon un aspect particulier de l'invention, ladite portion recourbée est configurée de sorte à assurer le rôle d'une carrosserie et à participer à la récupération de la chaleur dégagée par les ensembles frigorifiques et hydrauliques.  According to a particular aspect of the invention, said curved portion is configured so as to act as a bodywork and to participate in the recovery of the heat generated by the refrigerating and hydraulic assemblies.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, une pompe à chaleur monobloc telle que décrite ci-dessus présente une plaque démontable permettant d'accéder au compresseur, au détendeur, au condenseur et au circuit de fluide frigorigène logés dans ladite partie recourbée. Selon un aspect particulier de l'invention, le volume intérieur délimité par ladite portion recourbée est rempli au moins partiellement de particules isolantes de quelques millimètres, tel du liège par exemple, afin de limiter les pertes thermiques. In a particular embodiment of the invention, a monoblock heat pump such as described above has a removable plate for accessing the compressor, the expander, the condenser and the refrigerant circuit housed in said curved portion. According to a particular aspect of the invention, the interior volume delimited by said curved portion is at least partially filled with insulating particles of a few millimeters, such as cork, for example, in order to limit heat losses.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, une pompe à chaleur monobloc telle que décrite ci-dessus comprend un capot destiné à coiffer ladite portion recourbée assurant l'étanchéité aux intempéries et donnant accès au compresseur, au détendeur, au condenseur, au circuit de fluide frigorigène et aux moyens de remplissage du circuit hydraulique.  In a particular embodiment of the invention, a monobloc heat pump such as described above comprises a cover intended to cover said bent portion ensuring the weathertightness and giving access to the compressor, the expander, the condenser, the refrigerant circuit and the filling means of the hydraulic circuit.

Selon un aspect particulier de l'invention, ledit évaporateur est formé d'une plaque présentant une ou plusieurs ondulations permettant de limiter la largeur totale de la pompe à chaleur tout en conservant une surface d'échange par convection importante.  According to a particular aspect of the invention, said evaporator is formed of a plate having one or more corrugations for limiting the total width of the heat pump while maintaining a large convection exchange surface.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, une pompe à chaleur monobloc telle que décrite ci-dessus comprend deux évaporateurs agencées l'un par rapport à l'autre de sorte que leurs portions recourbées respectives délimitent un volume destiné à recevoir le compresseur, le détendeur, le condenseur et le circuit de fluide frigorigène, les tuyaux d'entrée des deux évaporateurs étant raccordés en parallèle sur un tuyau après la sortie du détendeur, les deux sorties de tuyaux des deux évaporateurs étant raccordées en parallèle sur une canalisation allant vers le compresseur, ladite pompe à chaleur étant fixé sur la paroi extérieure du bâtiment par des pattes de fixation en haut et en bas de la pompe à chaleur, de longueur adaptée pour éloigner les évaporateurs d'environ dix centimètres de la paroi extérieure afin de permettre la convection de l'air également sur leur face arrière.  In a particular embodiment of the invention, a monobloc heat pump as described above comprises two evaporators arranged relative to each other so that their respective curved portions delimit a volume intended to receive the compressor. , the expander, the condenser and the refrigerant circuit, the inlet pipes of the two evaporators being connected in parallel to a pipe after the outlet of the expander, the two pipe outlets of the two evaporators being connected in parallel on a pipe of to the compressor, said heat pump being fixed on the outer wall of the building by mounting tabs at the top and bottom of the heat pump, of suitable length to move the evaporators about ten centimeters from the outer wall in order to allow convection of the air also on their back side.

Par ailleurs, l'unité de pompe à chaleur extérieure monobloc est fixée sur le mur à l'aide de pattes de fixation permettant d'éloigner l'évaporateur de la paroi du bâtiment et de bénéficier ainsi de la convection naturelle de l'air extérieur sur la face arrière de l'évaporateur.  In addition, the monobloc outdoor heat pump unit is fixed to the wall with fixing brackets to move the evaporator away from the building wall and thus benefit from the natural convection of the outdoor air. on the back side of the evaporator.

Dans un mode de réalisation, un radiateur à eau chaude est raccordé à la pompe à chaleur monobloc par deux tuyauteries formant ainsi un système de chauffage individuel complet avec un thermostat d'ambiance.  In one embodiment, a hot water radiator is connected to the one-piece heat pump by two pipes thus forming a complete individual heating system with a room thermostat.

Dans un mode de réalisation, un ballon d'eau chaude comportant un échangeur est raccordé à la pompe à chaleur monobloc par deux tuyauteries formant ainsi un système de production d'eau chaude sanitaire complet avec un thermostat. Dans un mode de réalisation, un ventilo- convecteur à eau chaude est raccordé à la pompe à chaleur monobloc par deux tuyauteries formant ainsi un système de chauffage individuel complet. In one embodiment, a hot water tank comprising an exchanger is connected to the monoblock heat pump by two pipes thus forming a complete domestic hot water production system with a thermostat. In one embodiment, a hot water convector coil is connected to the one-piece heat pump by two pipes thus forming a complete individual heating system.

Selon un aspect particulier de l'invention, le fluide circulant dans le circuit frigorigène est un hydrocarbure du type R-600a, R-290 ou autre fluide frigorigène usuel.  According to a particular aspect of the invention, the fluid flowing in the refrigerant circuit is a hydrocarbon type R-600a, R-290 or other conventional refrigerant.

Selon un aspect particulier de l'invention, les composants hydrauliques tels la pompe, le vase d'expansion, peuvent être placés à l'intérieur du compartiment vertical formé par la ou les portion(s) recourbée(s) du ou des évaporateurs, le calorifugeage pouvant être assuré par des particules de liège de quelques millimètres.  According to a particular aspect of the invention, the hydraulic components such as the pump, the expansion tank, can be placed inside the vertical compartment formed by the curved portion or portions of the evaporator (s), the insulation can be provided by cork particles of a few millimeters.

Toute la partie frigorifique et hydraulique destinée à être installée dans le compartiment sera préfabriquée en totalité en dehors du ou des évaporateurs et fixée sur un fond rigide ; seuls les deux tubes destinés à les raccorder à l'évaporateur seront brasés sur les tubes des évaporateurs une fois que l'ensemble thermodynamique aura été glissé dans le compartiment.  All the refrigerating and hydraulic parts intended to be installed in the compartment will be prefabricated entirely outside the evaporator (s) and fixed on a rigid bottom; only the two tubes intended to connect them to the evaporator will be brazed on the tubes of the evaporators once the thermodynamic assembly has been slid into the compartment.

Afin de conserver l'accès aux composants situés dans le compartiment vertical, une petite plaque verticale sera fixée à l'extrémité de l'évaporateur où se trouvent ses tubulures d'entrée et de sortie.  In order to maintain access to the components in the vertical compartment, a small vertical plate will be attached to the end of the evaporator where its inlet and outlet piping is located.

Diverses formes de cintrage des évaporateurs sont présentées dans les figures annexées, bien d'autres formes pourront être réalisées selon le choix du designer.  Various forms of bending evaporators are shown in the accompanying figures, many other forms may be made according to the designer's choice.

Selon un aspect particulier de l'invention, le compresseur est à fréquence variable.  According to a particular aspect of the invention, the compressor is at variable frequency.

6. Liste des figures 6. List of figures

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description suivante de modes de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre de simples exemples illustratifs et non limitatifs, et des dessins annexés parmi lesquels :  Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly on reading the following description of embodiments of the invention, given by way of simple illustrative and non-limiting examples, and the appended drawings in which:

La figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe de l'évaporateur d'un exemple de pompe à chaleur selon l'invention.  Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of the evaporator of an exemplary heat pump according to the invention.

La figure 2 est une vue de face d'une pompe à chaleur monobloc selon l'invention, formée d'un échangeur tel qu'illustré en référence à la figure 1. FIG. 2 is a front view of a monoblock heat pump according to the invention, formed of an exchanger as illustrated with reference to FIG.

La figure 3 est un schéma de principe en vue de dessus de l'installation de la pompe à chaleur selon l'invention de la figure 2 sur un mur de bâtiment. La figure 4 représente une première variante du mode de réalisation de l'invention schématisé en référence à la figure 3. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram in top view of the installation of the heat pump according to the invention of Figure 2 on a building wall. FIG. 4 represents a first variant of the embodiment of the invention shown schematically with reference to FIG.

La figure 5 représente une seconde variante du mode de réalisation de l'invention schématisée en référence à la figure 3 dans laquelle l'échangeur comprend un cintrage en U.  FIG. 5 represents a second variant of the embodiment of the invention shown schematically with reference to FIG. 3 in which the exchanger comprises a U-shaped bending.

Les figures 6 à 8 sont des vues de côtés de la pompe à chaleur illustrée en référence à la figure 2.  Figures 6 to 8 are side views of the heat pump illustrated with reference to Figure 2.

La figure 9 est une vue de côté qui illustre le raccordement du circuit hydraulique, avant la pose de la plaque verticale obturatrice.  Figure 9 is a side view which illustrates the connection of the hydraulic circuit, before the installation of the vertical shutter plate.

- La figure 10 représente le montage des composants frigorifiques sur le fond destiné à être glissé dans le compartiment de la pompe à chaleur. La figure 11 est une vue schématique de la pompe à chaleur présentée en référence à la figure 2.  - Figure 10 shows the mounting of the refrigerant components on the bottom to be slid into the compartment of the heat pump. FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the heat pump presented with reference to FIG. 2.

La figure 12 est une vue schématique d'un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention dans lequel l'évaporateur à une forme ondulée.  Figure 12 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the invention in which the evaporator has a corrugated shape.

La figure 13 est une vue de dos, de la pompe à chaleur présentée en référence à la figure 12.  Figure 13 is a back view of the heat pump shown with reference to Figure 12.

Les figures 14 à 17 sont des vues schématiques d'un autre mode de réalisation d'une pompe à chaleur selon l'invention comportant deux évaporateurs cintrés et roulés afin de former un compartiment central destiné à recevoir les composants frigorifiques et hydrauliques.  Figures 14 to 17 are schematic views of another embodiment of a heat pump according to the invention comprising two curved and rolled evaporators to form a central compartment for receiving the refrigerating and hydraulic components.

- La figure 18 représente une variante du mode de réalisation de l'invention présenté en référence à la figure 17 dans laquelle les deux évaporateurs sont retournés à 180°par cintrage. 7. Description détaillée de l'invention  - Figure 18 shows a variant of the embodiment of the invention presented with reference to Figure 17 in which the two evaporators are returned to 180 ° by bending. 7. Detailed description of the invention

7.1. Rappel du principe de l'invention 7.1. Recall of the principle of invention

L'invention propose de mettre en œuvre un ou plusieurs évaporateurs, associés à des composants frigorifiques de sorte à former une pompe à chaleur monobloc configurée pour être installée à l'extérieur d'un bâtiment, et destinée à être connectée à un émetteur de chaleur, tel que par exemple un radiateur se montant à l'intérieur du bâtiment et/ou à un échangeur d'un ballon d'eau chaude. Le système de chauffage ou pompe à chaleur comprend au moins un évaporateur en forme de panneau permettant des échanges de chaleur par convection, conduction et rayonnement. Ainsi, l'évaporateur capte les calories présentent dans l'air, celles de la pluie et l'énergie provenant du rayonnement solaire. Cet évaporateur est cintré ou roulé pour servir de carrosserie à un ensemble thermodynamique tout en récupérant l'intégralité des pertes de chaleur. The invention proposes to implement one or more evaporators, associated with refrigerating components so as to form a monoblock heat pump configured to be installed outside a building, and intended to be connected to a heat emitter , such as for example a radiator rising inside the building and / or a heat exchanger of a hot water tank. The heating system or heat pump comprises at least one panel-shaped evaporator allowing heat exchange by convection, conduction and radiation. Thus, the evaporator captures the calories present in the air, those of rain and energy from solar radiation. This evaporator is bent or rolled to serve as a bodywork for a thermodynamic assembly while recovering all the heat losses.

7.2. Premier exemple de mode de réalisation de l'invention 7.2. First exemplary embodiment of the invention

Une pompe à chaleur monobloc air extérieur/eau selon l'invention, comporte un évaporateur 1 dont une portion 5 est recourbée, par exemple par cintrage et/ou en la roulant sur toute sa hauteur afin de délimiter un volume intérieur destiné à recevoir l'ensemble thermodynamique auquel l'évaporateur 1 est raccordé par l'intermédiaire de deux tuyaux d'entrée 3 et de sortie 4. Comme le montre la figure 1, l'évaporateur 1, dans un mode de réalisation préférée de l'invention, est réalisé en aluminium laminé avec des canaux intégrés 2 selon le procédé dit de « Roll-bond » utilisé dans la fabrication des réfrigérateurs ménagers. Les canaux intégrés 2 forment un circuit calorifique dans l'évaporateur 1 qui est similaire à celui décrit dans le brevet Jacques BERNIER FR8312117.  An external air / water heat pump according to the invention comprises an evaporator 1, a portion 5 of which is bent, for example by bending and / or rolling over its entire height in order to define an interior volume intended to receive the thermodynamic assembly to which the evaporator 1 is connected via two inlet pipes 3 and 4 outlet. As shown in Figure 1, the evaporator 1, in a preferred embodiment of the invention is realized laminated aluminum with integrated channels 2 according to the process known as "Roll-bond" used in the manufacture of household refrigerators. The integrated channels 2 form a heat circuit in the evaporator 1 which is similar to that described in the patent Jacques BERNIER FR8312117.

Selon une variante de réalisation de l'évaporateur 1 le matériau utilisé est de l'acier, de l'acier inoxydable, du cuivre ou autre matériau sur lequel est serti, brasé ou intégré des canaux permettant de distribuer le fluide frigorigène de façon équilibrée dans l'évaporateur tout en favorisant les échanges thermiques. La dimension d'un évaporateur 1 sera par exemple de 0,90x3m dans le cas d'une fabrication avec un seul évaporateur ou de 0,90x2m dans le cas d'utilisation de deux évaporateurs.  According to an alternative embodiment of the evaporator 1 the material used is steel, stainless steel, copper or other material on which is crimped, brazed or integrated channels for distributing the refrigerant in a balanced way in the evaporator while promoting heat exchange. The size of an evaporator 1 will for example be 0.90x3m in the case of a manufacture with a single evaporator or 0.90x2m in the case of use of two evaporators.

Comme le montre la figure 2, la pompe à chaleur, ou PAC, comprend l'évaporateur 1 partiellement roulé à une extrémité, qui forme une portion recourbée 5 cylindrique verticale dont l'ouverture inférieure est obstruée par une plaque de fond 7 et l'ouverture supérieure est fermée par un capot 6. Dans cette enveloppe 5 cylindrique délimitant un compartiment est disposé un ensemble thermodynamique (non représenté sur la figure 2), fixé sur la plaque de fond 7. Le capot 6 coiffe l'enveloppe 5 et protège l'ensemble thermodynamique des intempéries.  As shown in FIG. 2, the heat pump, or PAC, comprises the evaporator 1 partially rolled at one end, which forms a vertical cylindrical bent portion whose bottom opening is obstructed by a bottom plate 7 and the The upper opening is closed by a cover 6. In this cylindrical casing delimiting a compartment is placed a thermodynamic assembly (not shown in FIG. 2), fixed on the bottom plate 7. The cover 6 caps the casing 5 and protects the casing. thermodynamic set of bad weather.

L'évaporateur 1, en dehors de la portion recourbée 5, est plan et est destiné à être disposé verticalement lors de l'installation, pour bénéficier au maximum des rayons solaires d'hiver et pour favoriser la convection naturelle de l'air extérieur. Dans cette configuration, la quasi-totalité de la surface frontale de l'évaporateur 1 est exposée au rayonnement solaire. Par conséquent, la surface d'échange par convection de l'air extérieur qui est la somme des surfaces de la face avant et de la face arrière est sensiblement le double de la surface frontale. The evaporator 1, outside the curved portion 5, is planar and is intended to be arranged vertically during installation, to maximize the benefits of the solar rays of winter and to promote the natural convection of the outside air. In this configuration, almost all of the front surface of the evaporator 1 is exposed to solar radiation. Therefore, the convection exchange surface of the outside air which is the sum of the surfaces of the front face and the back face is substantially double the front surface.

Sur la figure 3 on a représenté la pompe à chaleur installée sur un mur M à l'extérieur d'un bâtiment. Cette pompe à chaleur est fixée en partie haute et en partie basse par deux pattes de fixation 10 et quatre pattes de fixation 9 éloignant l'appareil d'environ 10 cm du mur M ; les pattes de fixation basses permettent de surélever l'appareil à quelques dizaines de centimètres du sol. Une plaque 8 de fermeture verticale, réalisée dans le même matériau que l'évaporateur 1, est fixée sur l'enveloppe 5 ce qui permet de combler l'orifice nécessaire au brasage des tubes d'entrée et de sortie de l'évaporateur avec l'ensemble thermodynamique et de protéger les raccords.  In Figure 3 there is shown the heat pump installed on a wall M outside a building. This heat pump is fixed in the upper part and in the lower part by two fixing lugs 10 and four fixing lugs 9 moving the apparatus about 10 cm away from the wall M; the lower mounting brackets allow the unit to be elevated a few feet off the ground. A vertical closure plate 8, made of the same material as the evaporator 1, is fixed on the casing 5, which makes it possible to fill the orifice necessary for brazing the inlet and outlet tubes of the evaporator with the thermodynamic assembly and protect the fittings.

La figure 4 représente une variante dans laquelle l'évaporateur 1 est roulé pour former le cylindre de l'enveloppe 5 puis cintré dans la partie 11. D'autres formes de cintrage sont également possibles. Ainsi, le compartiment formé par l'enveloppe 5 est plus proche du mur, ce qui réduit la longueur des tuyaux du circuit hydraulique installé à l'extérieur de l'habitat.  Figure 4 shows a variant in which the evaporator 1 is rolled to form the cylinder of the casing 5 and then bent in the portion 11. Other forms of bending are also possible. Thus, the compartment formed by the casing 5 is closer to the wall, which reduces the length of the pipes of the hydraulic circuit installed outside the habitat.

La figure 5 représente une variante de la figure 3 dans laquelle l'évaporateur 1 est cintré dans une zone 12 sensiblement à la moitié de la largeur de l'évaporateur 1 avec un rayon de cintrage de l'ordre de 5 cm. Cette configuration permet de maintenir la largeur totale de l'appareil à une dimension de sensiblement deux mètres tout en augmentant de façon importante la surface d'échange soumise à la convection de l'air extérieur ; les performances de la pompe à chaleur sont donc accrues de façon importante, plus particulièrement en l'absence d'ensoleillement. La longueur totale de l'évaporateur 1, avant mise en forme, peut dépasser trois mètres avec cette configuration et la pompe à chaleur monobloc ne pas dépasser deux mètres pour faciliter son transport et son installation.  FIG. 5 represents a variant of FIG. 3 in which the evaporator 1 is bent in an area 12 substantially at half the width of the evaporator 1 with a bending radius of the order of 5 cm. This configuration makes it possible to maintain the total width of the apparatus to a dimension of substantially two meters while substantially increasing the exchange surface subjected to the convection of the outside air; the performance of the heat pump is therefore increased significantly, especially in the absence of sunshine. The total length of the evaporator 1, before shaping, can exceed three meters with this configuration and the monobloc heat pump does not exceed two meters to facilitate its transport and installation.

Les figures 6, à 9 représentent sous différents angles la pompe à chaleur monobloc avec l'enveloppe 5 disposée à une extrémité du plan de l'évaporateur 1. Sur les figures 6 et 8, le fond 7 et le capot 6 ne sont pas représentés. Sur la figure 9 on peut voir les tuyaux d'entrée 3 et de sortie 4 de l'évaporateur. La plaque 8 de fermeture verticale n'est pas représentée sur cette figure. La figure 11 représente un schéma de principe complet de la pompe à chaleur monobloc et de l'ensemble thermodynamique placée à l'intérieur du compartiment C de l'enveloppe de l'évaporateur. La pompe à chaleur comprend un ensemble frigorifique et un circuit hydraulique destiné à être raccordé à un réseau de chauffage d'une maison. FIGS. 6 to 9 represent, from different angles, the one-piece heat pump with the casing 5 disposed at one end of the plane of the evaporator 1. In FIGS. 6 and 8, the bottom 7 and the cover 6 are not represented . In Figure 9 we can see the inlet pipe 3 and outlet 4 of the evaporator. The vertical closure plate 8 is not shown in this figure. Fig. 11 shows a complete block diagram of the monoblock heat pump and the thermodynamic assembly placed inside the compartment C of the evaporator casing. The heat pump comprises a refrigeration unit and a hydraulic circuit intended to be connected to a heating network of a house.

L'ensemble frigorifique comprend un compresseur 13, un condenseur 16, un détendeur 19, et l'évaporateur 1 et un circuit de fluide frigorigène, équipé d'un filtre déshydrateur à réservoir 18 et d'une bouteille anti coup de liquide 14.  The refrigerating assembly comprises a compressor 13, a condenser 16, a pressure reducer 19, and the evaporator 1 and a refrigerant circuit, equipped with a dehydrator filter with a reservoir 18 and an anti-liquid bottle 14.

Le circuit hydraulique comprend un raccord d'arrivée 30, une pompe 32 de circulation, un vase d'expansion 36, un purgeur dégazeur 35, des tuyaux de liaisons 31, 33, 34 et un raccord de départ 37.  The hydraulic circuit comprises an inlet connection 30, a circulating pump 32, an expansion vessel 36, a degasser purger 35, connecting pipes 31, 33, 34 and a starting connection 37.

Dans l'ensemble frigorifique, l'échangeur 1 est raccordé par le tuyau de sortie 4 et une canalisation 22 à l'entrée du compresseur 16 via la bouteille anti coup de liquide 14. Le compresseur 16 est lui-même raccordé en sortie à l'aide d'une canalisation 15 à l'entrée d'un premier circuit du condenseur 16. En sortie du premier circuit, le condenseur 16 est raccordé à l'entrée du détendeur 19, via le filtre déshydrateur à réservoir 18 à l'aide d'un tuyau 17. Enfin, le détendeur 19 est raccordé en sortie à l'aide d'un tuyau 21 au tuyau d'entrée 3 de l'échangeur 1.  In the cooling unit, the heat exchanger 1 is connected by the outlet pipe 4 and a pipe 22 to the inlet of the compressor 16 via the anti-liquid bottle 14. The compressor 16 is itself connected at the outlet to the using a pipe 15 at the inlet of a first circuit of the condenser 16. At the outlet of the first circuit, the condenser 16 is connected to the inlet of the expander 19 via the dehydrator filter reservoir 18 using Finally, the expander 19 is connected at the outlet by means of a pipe 21 to the inlet pipe 3 of the exchanger 1.

Le compresseur 16 est un compresseur volumétrique de type rotatif ou à piston. L'ensemble thermodynamique est chargé en usine par un fluide frigorigène. Le fluide frigorigène utilisé dans le circuit sera de préférence du type hydrocarbure tel le R-600a, le R-290, ou du type R-134a ou autre.  The compressor 16 is a rotary or rotary type volumetric compressor. The thermodynamic unit is factory-charged with a refrigerant. The refrigerant used in the circuit will preferably be of the hydrocarbon type such as R-600a, R-290, or type R-134a or other.

Le compresseur 13 aspire par l'intermédiaire de sa bouteille anti coup de liquide 14 et de la canalisation 22 les vapeurs formées dans l'évaporateur 1 sortant du tuyau 4. Il refoule les gaz comprimés haute pression par la canalisation 15 vers le premier circuit du condenseur 16 où la vapeur formant les gaz se liquéfie en cédant par convection et conduction la chaleur à un deuxième circuit du condenseur 16 raccordé au circuit hydraulique de la pompe à chaleur. Le liquide frigorigène obtenu par condensation est envoyé vers le filtre déshydrateur 18 équipé d'un réservoir par le tuyau 17. Le liquide frigorigène est ensuite détendu par le détendeur 19, de préférence de type thermostatique ou électronique, puis injecté à basse pression dans l'évaporateur 1 par le tuyau 21 et le tuyau d'entrée 3. Le liquide frigorigène se vaporise dans l'évaporateur 1 en prélevant la chaleur du rayonnement solaire sur l'évaporateur, la chaleur de l'air extérieur par convection naturelle et la chaleur de l'eau de pluie. Pour la sécurité, l'ensemble frigorifique comprend un pressostat de sécurité basse et haute pression, non représenté. Le condenseur 16 qui est de préférence composé de plaques brasées échange la chaleur de condensation avec le liquide de chauffage circulant dans le circuit hydraulique. The compressor 13 draws through its anti-liquid bottle 14 and line 22 the vapors formed in the evaporator 1 leaving the pipe 4. It delivers the high pressure compressed gases through the pipe 15 to the first circuit of the condenser 16 where the vapor forming the gases liquefies by yielding by convection and conduction heat to a second circuit of the condenser 16 connected to the hydraulic circuit of the heat pump. The refrigerant liquid obtained by condensation is sent to the dehydrator filter 18 equipped with a reservoir by the pipe 17. The refrigerant liquid is then expanded by the expander 19, preferably of the thermostatic or electronic type, and then injected at low pressure into the evaporator 1 by the pipe 21 and the inlet pipe 3. The refrigerant vaporizes in the evaporator 1 by taking the heat of the solar radiation on the evaporator, the heat of the outside air by natural convection and the heat of the rainwater. For safety, the refrigeration unit comprises a low and high pressure safety pressure switch, not shown. The condenser 16 which is preferably composed of brazed plates exchanges the heat of condensation with the heating liquid flowing in the hydraulic circuit.

Le liquide de chauffage arrive dans la pompe à chaleur par le raccord d'arrivée The heating liquid arrives in the heat pump through the inlet connection

30, puis par le tuyau 31, jusqu'à l'entrée de la pompe 32 qui le propulse à la sortie par le tuyau 33 vers l'entrée d'un second circuit du condenseur 16. À la sortie du second circuit du condenseur 16, le liquide de chauffage réchauffé par l'échange thermique obtenu par conduction est dirigé par le tuyau 34 au raccord de départ 37 vers le circuit de chauffage du bâtiment. Le liquide chauffé est de l'eau ou du liquide antigel. 30, then through the pipe 31, to the inlet of the pump 32 which propels it to the outlet through the pipe 33 to the inlet of a second circuit of the condenser 16. At the outlet of the second circuit of the condenser 16 , the heating liquid heated by the heat exchange obtained by conduction is directed by the pipe 34 to the starting connection 37 to the heating circuit of the building. The heated liquid is water or antifreeze liquid.

Le circuit hydraulique est complété par le vase d'expansion 36 qui compense la dilatation du liquide de chauffage contenu dans l'émetteur par exemple un radiateur ou un serpentin de plancher chauffant situé à l'intérieur du bâtiment. Le volume V du vase d'expansion est de l'ordre de 0,5 litre. Pour la sécurité, le circuit hydraulique comprend en partie haute le purgeur dégazeur 35 qui est destiné à évacuer l'air présent dans le circuit hydraulique, ou le gaz frigorigène en cas de rupture des parois entre le premier et le second circuit du condenseur 16 ce qui évite que le gaz se propage à l'intérieur des locaux.  The hydraulic circuit is completed by the expansion tank 36 which compensates for the expansion of the heating liquid contained in the transmitter, for example a radiator or a floor heating coil located inside the building. The volume V of the expansion vessel is of the order of 0.5 liter. For safety, the hydraulic circuit comprises in the upper part the degasser trap 35 which is intended to evacuate the air present in the hydraulic circuit, or the refrigerant gas in case of rupture of the walls between the first and the second circuit of the condenser 16 ce which prevents the gas from spreading inside the premises.

La figure 10 représente une préfabrication de la partie frigorifique de la pompe à chaleur destinée à être installée à l'intérieur du compartiment C de l'enveloppe de l'évaporateur. Cette partie frigorifique comprend en partie haute un condenseur 16, des tuyauteries de liaison frigorifiques 15, 21 et 22 qui forment des boucles destinées à amortir les vibrations du compresseur. La partie hydraulique n'est pas représentée sur cette figure pour raison de clarté. Après enfilage de l'ensemble préfabriqué à l'intérieur du compartiment C de l'enveloppe de l'évaporateur, le tuyau 21 est brasé au tuyau d'entrée 3 de l'évaporateur et la canalisation 22 au tuyau de sortie 4.  FIG. 10 represents a prefabrication of the cooling part of the heat pump intended to be installed inside compartment C of the evaporator casing. This refrigerating part comprises in the upper part a condenser 16, refrigerating connection pipes 15, 21 and 22 which form loops for damping the vibrations of the compressor. The hydraulic part is not shown in this figure for clarity. After threading the prefabricated assembly inside the compartment C of the evaporator casing, the pipe 21 is brazed to the inlet pipe 3 of the evaporator and the pipe 22 to the outlet pipe 4.

Lors de l'assemblage de la pompe à chaleur, l'ensemble thermodynamique est fixé sur la plaque de fond 7 servant de support, puis glissé dans le compartiment C formé par l'enveloppe 5 de l'évaporateur 1. Le bas de la portion recourbée 5 est fixé sur le fond 7. Après installation de la plaque 8 de fermeture, non représentée sur la figure 10, l'espace vide laissé dans le compartiment C est rempli en vrac par des particules isolantes de quelques millimètres. Ainsi on assure une isolation thermique et acoustique de l'ensemble thermodynamique. Après cette opération, le capot 6 est fixé en haut de l'enveloppe 5 assurant l'étanchéité aux intempéries du compartiment C. During assembly of the heat pump, the thermodynamic assembly is fixed on the bottom plate 7 serving as a support, then slid into the compartment C formed by the envelope 5 of the evaporator 1. The bottom of the portion curved 5 is fixed on the bottom 7. After installation of the closure plate 8, not shown in Figure 10, the empty space left in the compartment C is filled in bulk by insulating particles of a few millimeters. Thus it ensures a thermal and acoustic insulation of the thermodynamic set. After this operation, the cover 6 is fixed at the top of the envelope 5 ensuring the weathertightness of the compartment C.

Le remplissage du circuit hydraulique est effectué de préférence avec du liquide antigel au niveau d'un robinet prévu sur le circuit hydraulique .  The filling of the hydraulic circuit is preferably carried out with antifreeze liquid at a valve provided on the hydraulic circuit.

Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la pompe à chaleur est destinée à être raccordée à un radiateur (non représenté) de type standard en acier ou en aluminium, sans vanne d'arrêt ni de réglage et calculé de préférence pour une émission maximum de température à 45°C. Dans ce mode de réalisation de l'invention, la pompe à chaleur produit en moyenne une puissance de chauffage de 1600W pour 420W consommés au total par le compresseur et la pompe 32 de circulation de la pompe à chaleur monobloc, ce qui correspond à un coefficient de performance (ou COP) de 3,81 dans un régime, dit régime nominal, dans lequel la température extérieure est de 7°C, l'ensoleillement reçu par l'évaporateur est de 150W/m2, et la température de l'eau du circuit hydraulique est comprise entre 35°C et 40°C. On notera par ailleurs que la pompe à chaleur selon l'invention peut fonctionner lorsque la température extérieure passe au- dessous de 0°C, et jusqu'à -20°C. Dans le cas du remplacement d'un convecteur électrique par la pompe à chaleur selon l'invention couplée à un radiateur à eau chaude, l'alimentation électrique du convecteur est conservée pour alimenter électriquement la pompe à chaleur et le radiateur est placé à l'emplacement où se trouvait le convecteur. L'orifice réalisé dans le mur M pour le passage de tuyauteries et câbles peut par exemple être rebouché par de la mousse de polyuréthane de façon à rendre étanche à l'eau le raccordement à travers le mur.  In one embodiment of the invention, the heat pump is intended to be connected to a radiator (not shown) of the standard type made of steel or aluminum, without a stop or adjustment valve and preferably calculated for an emission maximum temperature at 45 ° C. In this embodiment of the invention, the heat pump produces on average a heating power of 1600W for 420W consumed in total by the compressor and the circulation pump 32 of the monobloc heat pump, which corresponds to a coefficient of performance (or COP) of 3.81 in a regime, said nominal regime, in which the outside temperature is 7 ° C, the sunshine received by the evaporator is 150W / m2, and the temperature of the water hydraulic circuit is between 35 ° C and 40 ° C. Note also that the heat pump according to the invention can operate when the outside temperature goes below 0 ° C, and down to -20 ° C. In the case of the replacement of an electric convector by the heat pump according to the invention coupled to a hot water radiator, the electric power supply of the convector is kept to supply the heat pump electrically and the radiator is placed at the location where the convector was. The hole made in the wall M for the passage of pipes and cables may for example be filled with polyurethane foam so as to waterproof the connection through the wall.

L'ensemble des composants hydrauliques pourra également être installé à l'intérieur du bâtiment au lieu d'être monté à l'extérieur dans le compartiment C de la pompe à chaleur monobloc.  All hydraulic components can also be installed inside the building instead of being mounted outside in compartment C of the monoblock heat pump.

7.3. Second exemple de mode de réalisation de l'invention 7.3. Second exemplary embodiment of the invention

Les figures 12 et 13 représentent une pompe à chaleur selon l'invention où l'évaporateur 1 est roulé à une extrémité pour former l'enveloppe 5 du compartiment C et cintré en spires sinusoïdales 40i, 402....40n, formant une ondulation dont le rôle est de multiplier la surface d'échange convective par rapport à la surface frontale de l'appareil soumise à l'ensoleillement. Par exemple la surface d'échange est multipliée par 1,5 , 2, 2,5, 3, voire plus. Cette configuration permet de limiter la largeur totale de la pompe à chaleur tout en augmentant la largeur de l'évaporateur 1 et donc la puissance calorifique et la performance de celui-ci proportionnellement à la surface réelle d'échange de l'évaporateur. Figures 12 and 13 show a heat pump according to the invention wherein the evaporator 1 is rolled at one end to form the casing 5 of the compartment C and bent into sinusoidal turns 40i, 402 .... 40 n , forming a ripple whose role is to multiply the convective exchange surface with respect to the front surface of the apparatus subjected to sunshine. For example, the exchange surface is multiplied by 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 or more. This configuration makes it possible to limit the total width of the heat pump while increasing the width of the evaporator 1 and therefore the heat output. and the performance of it in proportion to the actual exchange surface of the evaporator.

7.4. Troisième exemple de mode de réalisation de l'invention 7.4. Third exemplary embodiment of the invention

La figure 14 représente deux évaporateurs la, l b du même type que l'évaporateur 1 de la figure 1. Dans ce mode de réalisation, les évaporateurs sont partiellement roulés à l'extrémité portant les tuyaux d'entrée 3 et de sortie 4 de manière à former un demi-arc 42a, 42b qui lors de leur assemblage forment l'enveloppe d'un compartiment C permettant de recevoir l'ensemble thermodynamique décrit ci-dessus à la figure 11. Pour limiter la largeur de la pompe à chaleur, les deux évaporateurs la, l b sont cintrés en spires sinusoïdales 40i, 402....40n. FIG. 14 shows two evaporators 1a, 1b of the same type as the evaporator 1 of FIG. 1. In this embodiment, the evaporators are partially rolled at the end carrying the inlet and outlet pipes 4 to form a half-arc 42a, 42b which during assembly form the envelope of a compartment C for receiving the thermodynamic assembly described above in FIG. 11. To limit the width of the heat pump, the two evaporators la, lb are bent into sinusoidal turns 40i, 402 .... 40 n .

Selon une variante, en dehors de l'extrémité formant l'enveloppe du compartiment C, les évaporateurs la, l b sont plans.  According to a variant, outside the end forming the envelope of the compartment C, the evaporators 1a, 1b are planar.

La figure 15 représente les deux évaporateurs la, l b de la figure 14, assemblés au niveau de l'enveloppe 5 à la fois sur leur partie gauche et droite, pour former un compartiment C central dans lequel est logé l'ensemble thermodynamique. Pour assembler l'ensemble frigorifique, les deux tuyaux d'entrées 3, non représentées, des deux évaporateurs la, l b sont raccordés en parallèle sur le tuyau 21 après la sortie du détendeur 19. De même, les deux tuyaux de sorties 4, non représentées, des deux évaporateurs la, l b sont raccordées en parallèle sur la canalisation 22 allant vers le compresseur 13. Lors de l'installation, la pompe à chaleur 150 est fixée sur le mur extérieur M du bâtiment par des pattes de fixation 46, 47, 48 en haut et en bas de l'appareil . La longueur de ces pattes de fixation éloigne l'ensemble évaporateur la, lb ainsi constitué, d'une dizaine de centimètres du mur extérieur M afin de permettre la convection de l'air sur la face arrière de l'ensemble évaporateur la, lb.  FIG. 15 shows the two evaporators 1a, 1b of FIG. 14, assembled at the level of the envelope 5 on both their left and right sides, to form a central compartment C in which the thermodynamic assembly is housed. To assemble the refrigerating assembly, the two inlet pipes 3, not shown, of the two evaporators 1a, 1b are connected in parallel to the pipe 21 after the outlet of the expander 19. Similarly, the two outlet pipes 4, no shown, the two evaporators la, lb are connected in parallel on the pipe 22 to the compressor 13. During installation, the heat pump 150 is fixed on the outer wall M of the building by fixing lugs 46, 47 , 48 at the top and bottom of the unit. The length of these fastening tabs removes the evaporator assembly la, lb thus formed, about ten centimeters from the outer wall M to allow the convection of air on the rear face of the evaporator assembly la, lb.

Avec la figure 16, on constate que l'accès reste possible pour effectuer la maintenance de l'ensemble thermodynamique en retirant uniquement l'assemblage de la partie droite des deux évaporateurs la, l b, ainsi que les fixations haute et basse des pattes de fixation 48 de l'évaporateur lb.  With FIG. 16, it can be seen that access remains possible for the maintenance of the thermodynamic assembly by removing only the assembly of the right part of the two evaporators 1a, 1b, as well as the high and low fastenings of the fixing lugs. 48 of the evaporator lb.

On peut voir sur la figure 17 qui représente en vue de face la pompe à chaleur 150 illustrée aux figures 14 à 16, qu'elle est équipée du fond 7 qui supporte l'ensemble thermodynamique (non représenté) et du capot 6 coiffant l'appareil terminé. La figure 18 est une variante du mode de réalisation précédent dans lequel chaque évaporateur les deux la, lb, est cintré à 180° à mi-largeur, pour former un U au lieu d'une série de sinusoïdes. It can be seen in Figure 17 which shows in front view the heat pump 150 illustrated in Figures 14 to 16, it is equipped with the bottom 7 which supports the thermodynamic assembly (not shown) and the hood 6 capping the device completed. FIG. 18 is a variant of the previous embodiment in which each evaporator, la, lb, is bent at 180 ° at mid-width, to form a U instead of a series of sinusoids.

7.5. Autres caractéristiques optionnelles et avantages de l'invention 7.5. Other optional features and advantages of the invention

Dans des variantes des modes de réalisation de l'invention détaillés ci-dessus, il peut également être prévu :  In variants of the embodiments of the invention detailed above, it may also be provided:

d'utiliser comme particules isolantes de la laine de roche en vrac, ou des copeaux ou billes de lièges de quelques millimètres combinant une isolation thermique à une isolation phonique de la pompe à chaleur ;  using as loose particles loose rock wool, or cork chips or cork of a few millimeters combining thermal insulation with sound insulation of the heat pump;

- d'utiliser une soupape de sécurité tarée à 3 bars pour remplacer le purgeur dégazeur ;  - use a safety valve calibrated at 3 bar to replace the degasser trap;

de réaliser une enveloppe de compartiment parallélépipédique pour recevoir l'ensemble thermodynamique dans un volume plus grand. Les pertes de chaleur liées au volume intérieur supérieur de ce compartiment sont aisément récupérées par les échanges caloriques produits au niveau de l'enveloppe de l'évaporateur ;  to realize a parallelepipedal compartment envelope for receiving the thermodynamic unit in a larger volume. The heat losses associated with the upper interior volume of this compartment are easily recovered by the heat exchange produced at the level of the evaporator casing;

que la largeur totale de l'appareil n'excède pas deux mètres, pour faciliter le transport ;  that the total width of the apparatus does not exceed two meters, to facilitate the transport;

d'utiliser un compresseur du type centrifuge ou rotatif, à spirales ; - d'utiliser un compresseur à vitesse variable également connu sous le nom de compresseur « inverter » ;  to use a compressor of the centrifugal or rotary, spiral type; to use a variable speed compressor also known as an inverter compressor;

Une application particulièrement intéressante de l'invention est son utilisation dans la rénovation du chauffage électrique.  A particularly interesting application of the invention is its use in the renovation of electric heating.

Une autre application intéressante de l'invention est son utilisation dans l'habitat individuel, en neuf et en rénovation, afin d'assurer le chauffage central et, ou la production d'eau chaude sanitaire.  Another interesting application of the invention is its use in the individual housing, in nine and renovation, to provide central heating and, or the production of domestic hot water.

L'installation trouvera une excellente application pour les systèmes de planchers chauffants.  The installation will find an excellent application for floor heating systems.

D'une manière générale et non limitative, l'invention s'applique dans tous systèmes nécessitant l'utilisation de la chaleur en hiver. L'invention peut également être utilisée dans des systèmes de chauffage industriel, agricole ou tertiaire.  In general and not limitation, the invention is applicable in all systems requiring the use of heat in winter. The invention can also be used in industrial, agricultural or tertiary heating systems.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS 1. Pompe à chaleur monobloc air extérieur/eau destinée à être raccordée à un radiateur à eau chaude, un ventilo-convecteur à eau chaude, un ballon d'eau chaude ou un plancher chauffant au travers d'une paroi extérieure d'un bâtiment, comprenant un évaporateur (1, la, lb) à convection naturelle, un condenseur (16), un compresseur (13) et un détendeur (19) reliés entre eux par un circuit de fluide frigorigène, caractérisée en ce que ledit évaporateur présente une portion recourbée (5) enveloppant sensiblement ledit compresseur, ledit détendeur, ledit condenseur et ledit circuit de fluide frigorigène, obtenue par cintrage, roulage ou pliage dudit évaporateur (1, la, lb). 1. Monobloc outdoor air / water heat pump to be connected to a hot water radiator, hot water fan coil, hot water tank or underfloor heating through an exterior wall of a building , comprising a natural convection evaporator (1, 1a, 1b), a condenser (16), a compressor (13) and an expander (19) interconnected by a refrigerant circuit, characterized in that said evaporator has a recurved portion (5) substantially enveloping said compressor, said expander, said condenser and said refrigerant circuit, obtained by bending, rolling or folding said evaporator (1, la, lb). 2. Pompe à chaleur monobloc selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle présente des moyens de fixation dudit évaporateur (1, la, lb) sur ladite paroi extérieure, destinés à écarter ledit évaporateur d'au moins 2 centimètres du mur. 2. Monobloc heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that it has means for fixing said evaporator (1, la, lb) on said outer wall, for spacing said evaporator at least 2 centimeters from the wall. 3. Pompe à chaleur monobloc selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens de fixation comprennent au moins une patte de fixation (46, 47, 48) de ladite portion recourbée (5) avec ladite paroi extérieure. 3. monoblock heat pump according to claim 2, characterized in that said fixing means comprise at least one bracket (46, 47, 48) of said curved portion (5) with said outer wall. 4. Pompe à chaleur monobloc selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que ledit compresseur (13), ledit détendeur, ledit condenseur (16) et ledit circuit frigorifique sont montés sur un fond (7) destiné à obstruer au moins partiellement une base de ladite portion recourbée. 4. Monobloc heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said compressor (13), said expander, said condenser (16) and said refrigerant circuit are mounted on a bottom (7) intended to obstruct at least partially a base of said bent portion. 5. Pompe à chaleur monobloc selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce qu'elle présente des raccords (30, 37) de retour et départ de liquide à chauffer faisant saillie vers l'extérieur à partir dudit fond (7) ou de la face destinée à être tournée vers ladite paroi dudit évaporateur (1, la). 5. Monobloc heat pump according to claim 4, characterized in that it has connections (30, 37) of return and departure of liquid to be heated projecting outwardly from said bottom (7) or the face intended to be turned towards said wall of said evaporator (1, la). 6. Pompe à chaleur monobloc selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que ladite portion recourbée (5) est sensiblement cylindrique ou parallélépipédique avec des angles arrondis. 6. monoblock heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said curved portion (5) is substantially cylindrical or parallelepiped with rounded corners. 7. Pompe à chaleur monobloc selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que ladite portion recourbée est configurée de sorte à assurer le rôle d'une carrosserie et à participer à la récupération de la chaleur dégagée par les ensembles frigorifiques ( 13 à 19) et hydrauliques (30 à 37). 7. monoblock heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said curved portion is configured to ensure the role of a body and to participate in the recovery of the heat released by the refrigerating units (13 to 19) and hydraulic (30 to 37). 8. Pompe à chaleur monobloc selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce qu'elle présente une plaque démontable (8, 41) permettant d'accéder au compresseur, au détendeur ( 19), au condenseur et au circuit de fluide frigorigène logés dans ladite partie recourbée. 8. Monobloc heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it has a removable plate (8, 41) for accessing the compressor, the expander (19), the condenser and the circuit refrigerant fluid housed in said curved portion. 9. Pompe à chaleur monobloc selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que le volume intérieur délimité par ladite portion recourbée (5) est rempli au moins partiellement de particules isolantes de quelques millimètres, tel du liège par exemple, afin de limiter les pertes thermiques. 9. Monobloc heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the interior volume defined by said curved portion (5) is at least partially filled with insulating particles of a few millimeters, such as cork, for example, to limit heat losses. 10. Pompe à chaleur monobloc selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un capot (6) destiné à coiffer ladite portion recourbée assurant l'étanchéité aux intempéries et donnant accès au compresseur ( 13), au détendeur, au condenseur, au circuit de fluide frigorigène et aux moyens de remplissage du circuit hydraulique. 10. Monobloc heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises a cover (6) for capping said curved portion ensuring the weathertightness and giving access to the compressor (13), the expander, the condenser, the refrigerant circuit and the filling means of the hydraulic circuit. 11. Pompe à chaleur monobloc selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que ledit évaporateur ( 1, la, lb) est formé d'une plaque présentant une ou plusieurs ondulations ( 12, 40i, 402...40n) permettant de limiter la largeur totale de la pompe à chaleur tout en conservant une surface d'échange par convection importante. 11. Monobloc heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said evaporator (1, la, lb) is formed of a plate having one or more corrugations (12, 40i, 402 ... 40 n ) to limit the total width of the heat pump while maintaining a large convection exchange surface. 12. Pompe à chaleur monobloc selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend deux évaporateurs (la; lb) agencées l'un par rapport à l'autre de sorte que leurs portions recourbées respectives délimitent un volume destiné à recevoir le compresseur, le détendeur, le condenseur et le circuit de fluide frigorigène, les tuyaux d'entrée (3) des deux évaporateurs (la) et (lb) étant raccordés en parallèle sur un tuyau (21) après la sortie du détendeur ( 19), les deux sorties de tuyaux (4) des deux évaporateurs (la) et (lb) étant raccordées en parallèle sur une canalisation (22) allant vers le compresseur ( 13, 14), ladite pompe à chaleur étant fixée sur la paroi extérieure (M) du bâtiment par des pattes de fixation (46, 47, 48) en haut et en bas de la pompe à chaleur, de longueur adaptée pour éloigner les évaporateurs (la) et 1(b) d'environ dix centimètres de la paroi extérieure (M) afin de permettre la convection de l'air également sur leur face arrière. 12. Monobloc heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises two evaporators (la; lb) arranged relative to each other so that their respective curved portions delimit a volume intended to receive the compressor, the expander, the condenser and the refrigerant circuit, the inlet pipes (3) of the two evaporators (la) and (Ib) being connected in parallel to a pipe (21) after the exit the expander (19), the two pipe outlets (4) of the two evaporators (la) and (Ib) being connected in parallel on a pipe (22) to the compressor (13, 14), said heat pump being fixed on the outer wall (M) of the building by fixing tabs (46, 47, 48) at the top and bottom of the heat pump, of a length adapted to move the evaporators (la) and 1 (b) about ten centimeters from the outer wall (M) to allow convection of the air also on their back side. 13. Pompe à chaleur monobloc selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le fluide circulant dans ledit circuit frigorigène est du R-600a ou du R-290. 13. Monobloc heat pump according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fluid flowing in said refrigerant circuit is R-600a or R-290. 14. Pompe à chaleur monobloc selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ledit compresseur (13) est à fréquence variable. 14. Monobloc heat pump according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said compressor (13) is variable frequency.
PCT/FR2016/052455 2015-10-31 2016-09-27 Monobloc heat pump mounted on the outside of a building for heating and/or for producing domestic hot water Ceased WO2017072423A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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EP16785232.6A EP3368835A1 (en) 2015-10-31 2016-09-27 Monobloc heat pump mounted on the outside of a building for heating and/or for producing domestic hot water

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FR1560454 2015-10-31
FR1560454A FR3043182B1 (en) 2015-10-31 2015-10-31 MONOBLOC HEAT PUMP MOUNTED OUTSIDE A BUILDING FOR HEATING AND / OR HOT WATER PRODUCTION

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CN107014077A (en) * 2017-06-13 2017-08-04 合肥美的暖通设备有限公司 A kind of heat pump water-heating machine

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WO2008077214A2 (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-07-03 Springer Carrier Ltda Shroud and condenser mounting arrangement for an air conditioning unit
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JP2013068338A (en) * 2011-09-21 2013-04-18 Fujitsu General Ltd Integral air conditioner

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WO2008064238A1 (en) * 2006-11-22 2008-05-29 Johnson Controls Technology Company Multichannel heat exchanger with dissimilar multichannel tubes
WO2008077214A2 (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-07-03 Springer Carrier Ltda Shroud and condenser mounting arrangement for an air conditioning unit
WO2011005986A2 (en) * 2009-07-10 2011-01-13 Johnson Controls Technology Company Multichannel heat exchanger with differing fin spacing
FR2960622A1 (en) * 2010-05-28 2011-12-02 Bernier Dev HEATING SYSTEM WITH EXTERNAL HEAT PUMP WITH EVAPORATOR SENSOR
JP2013068338A (en) * 2011-09-21 2013-04-18 Fujitsu General Ltd Integral air conditioner

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DE102023133907A1 (en) * 2023-12-05 2025-06-05 Viessmann Holding International GmbH heat exchanger
EP4567364A1 (en) 2023-12-05 2025-06-11 Viessmann Holding International GmbH Heat exchanger

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EP3368835A1 (en) 2018-09-05
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