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WO2017065648A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau de construction - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau de construction Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017065648A1
WO2017065648A1 PCT/RU2016/000698 RU2016000698W WO2017065648A1 WO 2017065648 A1 WO2017065648 A1 WO 2017065648A1 RU 2016000698 W RU2016000698 W RU 2016000698W WO 2017065648 A1 WO2017065648 A1 WO 2017065648A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
silica
mixture
manufacturing
building material
containing raw
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/RU2016/000698
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Алексей Игоревич АНТОНОВ
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2017065648A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017065648A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
    • C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/20—Silicates
    • C01B33/32—Alkali metal silicates
    • C01B33/325—After-treatment, e.g. purification or stabilisation of solutions, granulation; Dissolution; Obtaining solid silicate, e.g. from a solution by spray-drying, flashing off water or adding a coagulant
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/32—Burning methods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/02—Selection of the hardening environment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/60—Agents for protection against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/29—Frost-thaw resistance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
    • C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors

Definitions

  • the technical field The invention relates to construction and relates to the construction materials industry, namely the manufacture of any types of construction products, pavements and can be used in housing and industrial construction, road construction, foundry, chemical production and other fields. State of the art
  • a known method of manufacturing concrete products in which at least at one of the stages of manufacture they are exposed to an electromagnetic field, new, according to the invention, is that the pulse field is created continuously by the following packages electrical video pulses, while the duration of the packet is 2x10 "4 sec - 2x10 " 3 sec, the duty cycle of the pulses in the packet varies in the range of 10 -100, and the specific power is 0.01-0.1 W / m 3 products.
  • the preferred pulse duty cycle value in the packet is 20-60.
  • the influence of an electromagnetic field is effective at the stage of hardening of the product.
  • the best result is achieved by exposure to a pulsed electromagnetic zero at the stages and mixing of the concrete mixture and molding and hardening of the product.
  • the duty cycle of the pulses in the packet can linearly increase, linearly decrease, ramp up, or change according to another acceptable law.
  • the described method does not significantly reduce the production time of building materials and requires significant energy costs, which negatively affects the cost of production.
  • a cheaper and more progressive method of manufacturing building material is associated with the use of binders made in a separate technological process and introduced into the composition of the building material mixture during its preparation.
  • the resulting dry raw mixture is closed with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide with a concentration of 5-15% and, after final mixing, samples are formed from the freshly prepared mixture, which are loaded into the autoclave with the molds and autoclaved under a pressure of saturated water vapor of 1.2 MPa for 16 hours. After hydrothermal treatment, cooled to room temperature, the samples are removed from the molds, dried at 105-1 10 ° C.
  • the products obtained in this way have the following characteristics: compressive strength up to 1200 MPa, flexural strength up to 250 MPa, impact strength up to 7 MPa, elastic modulus up to 5.5 MPa.
  • the disadvantage of this technical solution is the length of the manufacturing process of products, the use of an autoclave method for processing building materials, which significantly increases the cost of the manufacturing process. Also, the proposed method does not allow to obtain building materials with higher strength characteristics.
  • the technical task of the present invention is to reduce the time and energy consumption in the manufacture of building material, which leads to a reduction in the cost of products, as well as the production of various building materials with increased refractoriness and water resistance, reduced moisture absorption, high strength properties, acid resistance, neutral in relation to the effects of salts and other substances contained in the atmosphere.
  • the technical result of the present invention is to obtain a building material with increased strength (compressive strength from 150 kg / cm 2 (15 MPa) to 1000 kg / cm 2 (100 MPa), frost-resistant, acid-resistant and fireproof, while reducing the cost of manufacturing building products.
  • a method of manufacturing a building material involves mixing silica and a slightly alkaline solution, while simultaneously affecting the mixture with an electromagnetic field. Mixing is carried out until the sand is completely dissolved. The resulting solution is added to silica-containing raw materials in an amount of from 4% to 8% of the total volume of the mixture. Further mixing is carried out until the silica-containing raw materials are completely wetted. Products are formed from the resulting mixture, which are then dried.
  • Fine silica with a particle size of from 20A to 0.1 mm is preferably used.
  • the drying is carried out at a temperature of from 40 ° C to 80 ° C
  • Expanded perlite or vermiculite is preferably added to the silica-containing raw material. Such additives allow to obtain a building material with low thermal conductivity.
  • a method of manufacturing a building material is as follows.
  • the initial step of the method is the manufacture of a binder; for this purpose, silica and a weakly alkaline solution are mixed, for example, alkali metal hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide, while the concentration of a weakly alkaline solution does not exceed 5%.
  • crushed stone crushing waste can be used - dust or sand with a quartz content of at least 65%. It is preferable to use silica finely ground with a particle size of up to 0.1 mm, which further reduces the mixing time of the mixture, reduces energy consumption, which reduces the cost of building material.
  • Mixing of the starting components is carried out when exposed to an electromagnetic field. To create such conditions, a device was developed and manufactured.
  • the figure shows a diagram of a device for producing a binder according to the invention.
  • the binder is prepared in a high-speed flow-type grinding device, circulating the mixture in a closed circuit with its repeated passage through the vortex of ferro-magnetic particles created by the electromagnetic field, and through the dispersing apparatus of the device.
  • Silica (or dust) is loaded into the receiving hopper 1 through a conduit 6, and a weakly alkaline solution, for example, an alkali metal hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide solution, is charged through a conduit 7.
  • a weakly alkaline solution for example, an alkali metal hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide solution
  • the mixture is fed to the disperser pump of the homogenizer 2, after passing through which the mixture is fed into the electromagnetic activator 3 through the pipe 9.
  • the mixture is subjected to an activating treatment in the working zone, which is made in the form of a pipe with a diameter of 50 to 150 mm, with ferro magnetic needle particles that are constantly held in the working area of the apparatus by a magnetic field.
  • the needles Under the influence of an external electromagnetic field, the needles move along the working zone, colliding with the particles of the mixture. In this case, the effects of acoustic waves (from 20,000 Hz to 40,000 Hz Hz), magnetostriction, mechanostriction and cavitation with high specific power are generated. As a result, the particles of the mixture are intensively mixed with simultaneous grinding to micron and submicron sizes, active, accelerated physical and mechanical processes of amorphization and dissolution of silica occur in the mixture.
  • the power of the electromagnetic activator depending on its volume, is from 2.6 kW to 20 kW. Processing the mixture in an electromagnetic field is carried out depending on the volume of the mixture for 3 minutes to 10 minutes. Such electromagnetic activation of the mixture requires significantly less time and energy costs.
  • the binder pipe 1 1 can be fed to a reprocessing. For complete dissolution of silica, depending on the particle size of the silica used, no more than three cycles are sufficient. After complete dissolution of the silica, the obtained binder through the valve 5 by a pipe 12 is fed into the dispenser, and then into the mixer, into which the silica-containing raw material is already filled.
  • the resulting binder is used in an amount of from 4% to 8% of the total volume of the mixture. Mixing is carried out at normal speed in mixers, eliminating sticking to the walls and working bodies (two gross, planetary, etc.) When using a binder less than 4% of the total volume of the product mixture, there are places where dry components are poorly glued to each other, which leads to decrease in strength. With an increase in the binder of more than 8%, the strength of the resulting products decreases.
  • any mineral natural substances with a silica content of at least 65% are used as silica-containing raw materials, the most acceptable are screening crushed stone, coarse, medium and fine or ground sand, diatomite, tripoli, marshalite, flasks and others.
  • expanded perlite or vermiculite can be added to the mixer to obtain products with low thermal conductivity, that is, to obtain building materials with good thermal insulation properties, and marble or granite chips are added to the mixture to obtain decorative products with an original pattern on the surface. .
  • the silica-containing raw materials are completely wetted with a binder.
  • the products are molded by the method of simple or hyper-pressing, by vibro-pressing, by the shock-pressing method, or by another known method, and construction products of any shape are obtained.
  • the molded products are dried at a temperature of 40 - 80 ° C for 1 - 2 hours, if necessary, or (to obtain special properties) are treated with steam at a temperature of 90 - 120 ° C at atmospheric pressure or fired at high temperatures depending on the type of product and its destination.
  • the most effective hardening of building material is obtained by processing molded products with electromagnetic fields of ultra-high frequency (microwave).
  • the parameters of the molding sand, drying and heat treatment are determined by the technological regulations for the manufacture of a particular product.
  • various grinding devices and various mixing and dispersing devices are used, which provide preliminary grinding of silica-containing raw materials and effective mixing of the initial mixture.
  • These devices include centrifugal impact, ball, roller and disk mills, various dissolvers, bead mills; high-speed mixers - disk mixers, disk-propeller and disk-paddle mixers, mixers with an anchor mixer, high-speed rotor-stator mixer, planetary mixer, screw, planetary mixers with three-dimensional movement of spiral-tape working bodies.
  • Example 1 In the serial and mass production of building products (wall materials - bricks, facing and paving slabs, etc.) weighing from 0.5 to 5 kg.
  • a binder in the installation, (depending on the volume of production cyclically or constantly), crushing dust of crushed stone or sand (utilized waste from other industries) - with a silica content of at least 60% and a particle size of up to 1 mm, and a slightly alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide with a concentration of 5%.
  • a solution of water you can use fresh, marine or technical. The ratio of dry and liquid components 1/1. The mixture is treated as described above for 10 minutes.
  • silica-containing raw materials must have the particle size distribution necessary to obtain a close-packed matrix.
  • silica-containing raw materials consists of screening crushing gravel or coarse sand (1-Zmm) and fine sand in a ratio of 1/1.
  • the raw material mixture is loaded into the mixer and cristobalite is added, in the form of silica fume, to obtain products of dark gray or black colors, in the form of tripoli, to obtain products of white flowers, in the form of a flask, to obtain products of light beige or brown colors, in the amount of 5% up to 10% of the volume of the raw mix (depending on the required strength and color of the products).
  • a binder is added to the raw material mixture in a volume of 4% - 8% of the total volume of the mixture (strength characteristics in this range do not change, and the required volume is adjusted based on the moisture content of the feedstock, the higher the moisture content of the raw material mixture, the lower the volume of the binder).
  • Stirring is carried out until the composition is completely wetted with a binder for 5 to 10 minutes.
  • the resulting mixture is molded by simple pressing, vibration or hyperpressing, drying is carried out by processing the molded products in a through or dead end microwave oven immediately after removal of the products from the press.
  • the resulting products have the following characteristics:
  • Residual compressive strength after firing at 1200 ° C, not less Mohs hardness, up to
  • the table below shows the characteristics of the materials obtained during the experiment, which were manufactured as described in the example, but have a different amount of binder from 3% to 9%.
  • the table shows that going beyond the stated limits in terms of the quantitative composition of the binder worsens the characteristics of the finished material.
  • Example 2 Production of concrete products weighing up to 2 tons.
  • a binder is prepared as described in Example 1.
  • Silica-containing raw materials have the following ratio: granite crushed stone (10
  • the resulting mixture is formed by vibro-laying with a load or horizontal vibroforming. Drying is carried out by steaming at a temperature of 120 ° C - 180 ° C for 2 to 12 hours (depending on the weight of the product) or microwave drying for 2 hours. Dried under normal conditions for 2 hours.
  • Residual compressive strength after firing at 1200 ° C, not less than 100%
  • Example 3 The manufacture of thermal insulation boards.
  • a binder is prepared as described in Example 1.
  • silica-containing raw materials consist of coarse sand (1-3 mm) and fine sand in a ratio of 1 / 1-60% of the volume, expanded perlite (or vermiculite) - 31% of the volume and cristobalite (silica fume, tripoli and t .d.) 5% of the volume.
  • the raw material mixture is loaded into the mixer and pre-mixed in dry form.
  • a binder in a volume of 4% of the total volume is added to the raw material mixture. Stirring is carried out until the composition is completely wetted with a binder for 7 minutes.
  • the resulting mixture is formed by simple pressing. Drying is carried out by processing molded products in continuous or dead-end microwave oven immediately after removal of products from the press.
  • the resulting products have a thermal conductivity of not more than 0.175 W / MhK while maintaining all the strength characteristics:
  • Residual compressive strength after firing at 1200 ° C, not less than 100%
  • Products obtained by the claimed method can be used as any building materials with high technical characteristics, namely with increased refractoriness and water resistance, reduced moisture absorption, high strength properties, acid resistance, neutral with respect to the effects of salts and other substances contained in the atmosphere. Moreover, the claimed method allows to reduce the time of manufacturing products and reduce energy costs for their manufacture. With high strength characteristics of the product have a low cost.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne le domaine du bâtiment et concerne l'industrie de fabrication de matériaux de construction, et notamment la fabrication de toutes sortes d'articles de construction, de revêtements de chaussée, et peut s'utiliser dans la construction d'immeubles, de bâtiments industriels et de routes, dans l'industrie chimique, en fonderie et dans d'autres domaines. Le procédé de fabrication d'un matériau de construction consiste à mélanger du dioxyde de silicium et une solution faiblement alcaline et appliquant simultanément au mélange un champ électromagnétique. Le mélange s'effectue jusqu'à ce que le sable soit complètement dissous. La solution obtenue est rajoutée à la matière de base contenant de l'alumine dans des quantités de 4 % à 8 % du volume total du mélange. Le mélange ultérieur s'effectue jusqu'à ce que la matière de base contenant de l'alumine soit complètement humectée. On forme à partir du mélange obtenu des articles qui sont ensuite séchés.
PCT/RU2016/000698 2015-10-13 2016-10-13 Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau de construction Ceased WO2017065648A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2015143716 2015-10-13
RU2015143716A RU2606741C1 (ru) 2015-10-13 2015-10-13 Способ изготовления строительного материала

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WO2017065648A1 true WO2017065648A1 (fr) 2017-04-20

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2766985C1 (ru) * 2021-07-05 2022-03-16 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" (КазГАСУ) Технологическая линия для производства дисперсно-армированных гипсовых изделий

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN118026187A (zh) * 2024-01-22 2024-05-14 浙大宁波理工学院 一种高纯二氧化硅及其制备方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3756839A (en) * 1971-05-05 1973-09-04 Fiberglas Canada Ltd Cate foams method for improving the cellular structure of rigid low density sili
RU2206536C1 (ru) * 2002-06-14 2003-06-20 Рыков Павел Валентинович Способ изготовления строительных изделий
RU2236374C2 (ru) * 2002-08-08 2004-09-20 Рыков Павел Валентинович Способ получения кремнийсодержащего связующего
RU2333176C1 (ru) * 2007-03-05 2008-09-10 Александр Болеславович Фащевский Способ получения строительного материала

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2204476C1 (ru) * 2001-11-01 2003-05-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Научно-производственное предприятие "Энергосберегающие технологии" Способ изготовления бетонных изделий

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3756839A (en) * 1971-05-05 1973-09-04 Fiberglas Canada Ltd Cate foams method for improving the cellular structure of rigid low density sili
RU2206536C1 (ru) * 2002-06-14 2003-06-20 Рыков Павел Валентинович Способ изготовления строительных изделий
RU2236374C2 (ru) * 2002-08-08 2004-09-20 Рыков Павел Валентинович Способ получения кремнийсодержащего связующего
RU2333176C1 (ru) * 2007-03-05 2008-09-10 Александр Болеславович Фащевский Способ получения строительного материала

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2766985C1 (ru) * 2021-07-05 2022-03-16 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" (КазГАСУ) Технологическая линия для производства дисперсно-армированных гипсовых изделий

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