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WO2017055419A1 - Procédé et dispositif de chargement de matériau porteur de fer - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de chargement de matériau porteur de fer Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017055419A1
WO2017055419A1 PCT/EP2016/073219 EP2016073219W WO2017055419A1 WO 2017055419 A1 WO2017055419 A1 WO 2017055419A1 EP 2016073219 W EP2016073219 W EP 2016073219W WO 2017055419 A1 WO2017055419 A1 WO 2017055419A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
carrier material
iron carrier
iron
melter gasifier
shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2016/073219
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Karl-Heinz Beham
Markus Leopoldseder
Reinhard Pum
Norbert Rein
Karl Zehetbauer
Johann Wurm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
Original Assignee
Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH filed Critical Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
Priority to RU2018111314A priority Critical patent/RU2701773C1/ru
Priority to KR1020187012555A priority patent/KR20180058830A/ko
Publication of WO2017055419A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017055419A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0006Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0006Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
    • C21B13/0013Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state introduction of iron oxide into a bath of molten iron containing a carbon reductant
    • C21B13/002Reduction of iron ores by passing through a heated column of carbon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0066Preliminary conditioning of the solid carbonaceous reductant
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/14Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/14Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
    • C21B13/143Injection of partially reduced ore into a molten bath
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D15/00Handling or treating discharged material; Supports or receiving chambers therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0025Charging or loading melting furnaces with material in the solid state
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/08Screw feeders; Screw dischargers

Definitions

  • COREX® or FINEX®, material including carbonaceous material and iron carrier material and aggregates, is charged into the melter gasifier.
  • the carbonaceous material is with
  • Charcoal-containing material is, for example, chunky coal or carbonaceous briquettes; it is in a reservoir for carbonaceous material at
  • iron carrier material in the context of the present text comprises iron both in oxidized, for example oxidic, form, as well as in
  • iron carrier material the iron may be in both forms; then, for example, of prereduced iron carrier material is the speech, which is not yet completely reduced compared to metallic shape, however, compared to a previous state is already more reduced. It can also be present in only one of the two forms.
  • the iron carrier material is for example in the case of FINEX® mostly hot compacted iron (HCl).
  • the iron carrier material may also be hot briquetted iron (HBI) or, preferably, hot so-called direct reduced iron (DRI, also called sponge iron).
  • HBI hot briquetted iron
  • DRI direct reduced iron
  • HBI or DRI can also be charged, especially when the system is started or stopped, if insufficient hot or cold HCl is available. It may also be metallized material or reduction grade that does not yet have it as HBI or HCl or DRI
  • HBI is a hot-pressed iron carrier material with a very high content of metallic iron - often over 90% metallization - and a density of about 5 g / cm 3 , which allows transport by ship, for example.
  • the material is in briquette, usually> 25 mm, isolated, so it is lumpy.
  • HBI is compressed in a hot state, for example> 650 ° C, it can also be cold fed to the FINEX® process after cooling and transport.
  • HCl is hot pressed with aggregates
  • HCl has a temperature of about 550-650 ° C. Its density is just under 4 g / cm 3 .
  • HCl is in the process of Pig iron production processed directly after its production, where it is crushed by means of crushers used in an advantageous form for a melter gasifier.
  • DRI is non-compressed iron carrier material with a high proportion of metallic iron - analogous to HBI, since HBI is compressed DRI.
  • the iron carrier material is, for example, hot, so-called direct reduced iron (DRI), or equivalent iron carrier material with a metallization that does not yet qualify it as DRI.
  • DRI direct reduced iron
  • the iron carrier material is gassed from a hot reducing gas
  • Embodiments of the FINEX® process were, in a corresponding procedure, iron carrier material, for example HCl - the fine-particle form obtained from the fluidized beds of the FINEX® process
  • the aim of fumigation is to preheat and reduce the iron carrier material.
  • the carbonaceous material can not be stored together with hot iron carrier material in a storage container, because by the Contact with the hot iron carrier material triggered formation and release of volatile
  • Hydrocarbons and tar would lead to sticking and clogging in, for example, the reservoir into which the material passes to the melter gasifier, or pressure equalization lines.
  • Iron carrier material in a melter gasifier so far is usually separated from each other.
  • Carbonaceous material for example, from a reservoir for carbonaceous material over
  • Melter gasifier attached to the distribution device, from which the carbonaceous material when entering the melter gasifier on the
  • Iron carrier material is introduced into the melter gasifier, for example, via several drop legs arranged over the circumference of the dome of the melter gasifier.
  • Reduction processes run less well than in the edge region of the melter gasifier.
  • fine and heavy material remains concentrated due to segregation processes in the central area of the material bed, while coarser and lighter material migrates towards the edge area. Accordingly, the mixture charged onto the material bed is partially and uncontrollably separated again.
  • the iron carrier material is from a
  • a method of charging material comprising iron carrier material and lumped carbonaceous material
  • variable volume buffer vessel is supplied from the variable volume buffer vessel to a dynamic distribution device for distributing the material across the cross section of the melter gasifier
  • the shaft is fumigated with reducing gas; it may, for example, be a reduction shaft or HCI bin.
  • Iron carrier material is increased compared to the degree of reduction when entering the slot. Preference is given to a degree of reduction of at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, when withdrawn from the shaft.
  • the degree of reduction RD is a measure of the degradation of the oxygen from the oxide:
  • the metallization MG is defined as:
  • a buffer container it is meant as an indefinite article, not as a number word, there may be multiple buffer containers, or even a single buffer container Conditions operated, which, for example, largely
  • Constant volume flow in the input of iron carrier material and largely constant volume flow of the reducing gas comprises.
  • a substantially constant volume flow when removing iron carrier material from the shaft must face it.
  • a variable volume flow when pulling out of the shaft is undesirable and brings
  • an operator may be limited to the parameters of an operating phase
  • the iron carrier material withdrawn from the shaft is fed into a buffer container,
  • variable volume buffer tank of a dynamic distribution device for the distribution of the material from the buffer tank
  • drawn iron carrier material comprises, fed over the cross section of the melter gasifier.
  • volumetric flow when feeding from the buffer tank to the distribution device not largely constant, but variable.
  • the charging of more or less iron carrier material may be desired, so that the distributor more or less
  • volume flow occurs, the level of the iron carrier material changes in the buffer tank during operation.
  • the dimensioning of the buffer tank is so choose that he is under regular
  • Melting gasifier is never completely emptied and never overflows.
  • a certain minimum level of the buffer container is desired because the iron carrier material then forms a barrier to a gas flow from the melter gasifier towards the shaft.
  • the proposed method makes it possible to connect a largely constant volume flow from the shaft to a variable volume flow when distributed in the melter gasifier.
  • the distribution pattern can be easily controlled without affecting the withdrawal from the shaft unfavorable.
  • it is possible to react more flexibly to the availability of different types of iron carrier material, because it is possible to reduce and / or preheat in the fumigated shaft.
  • melter gasifier does not include a blast furnace.
  • a blast furnace essentially layers of coke and iron carriers are added with aggregates Ambient conditions added from above. Pyrolysis and degassing of coal does not take place in the blast furnace, but already during the production of the coke, which is charged into the blast furnace. The temperatures in the
  • Blast furnace temperatures are around 80 to 250 ° C.
  • the melter gasifier according to the invention does not charge coke, but carbonaceous material, and the charged carbonaceous material is in the
  • the iron carrier material contains elemental iron and / or iron oxide.
  • Iron carrier material such as HCl, DRI, HBI, lump, pellets, sinter.
  • the iron carrier material is present as a so-called, possibly particulate, fine grain preferably less than 10 mm before - for example, as a sintering feed when used in FINEX® or FINEXO-DRI before a hot compaction.
  • hot iron carrier material is preferably hot iron carrier material.
  • Under hot iron carrier material is
  • Iron carrier material with a temperature of over 100 ° C, preferably above 200 ° C, more preferably above 300 ° C to understand.
  • the reducing gas is preferably hotter than that
  • Iron carrier material with a temperature above 600 ° C, preferably above 700 ° C, more preferably above 750 ° C. Not only that can be done with hot reducing gas
  • Iron carrier material can be reduced, but also preheated to hot iron carrier material.
  • a dynamic distribution device is to be understood as a distribution device which can be moved in a controlled manner during the distribution process.
  • an outlet port of the dynamic distribution device can be brought into various positions. Accordingly, material can be directed to different locations of the material bed in the melter gasifier.
  • the dynamic distribution device can be, for example, a rotary chute or a cardanically suspended chute, which can be moved in such a way that its outlet opening can be, for example, circular or spiral or arbitrarily predeterminable paths
  • the movement pattern of the dynamic distribution device is changeable.
  • the material also includes stuccoed carbonaceous material, and the iron carrier material and the lumped carbonaceous material are combined before and / or as they enter the melter gasifier, and it is the ratio of the combined Quantities of iron carrier material and of stuccoed carbonaceous material changeable.
  • the combined amounts of iron carrier material and particulate carbonaceous material are distributed across the cross section of the melter gasifier by means of the dynamic distributor, and the ratio of the combined amounts of iron carrier material and particulate carbonaceous material is preferred depending on the position of the dynamic
  • Iron carrier route - charged surcharges such as
  • limestone and / or dolomite and / or quartz is not discussed in detail in the context of this application.
  • melter gasifier In such a process, the melter gasifier must have fewer equipment parts and openings for charging than when particulate carbonaceous material and iron carrier material separated from each other in the
  • FIGS. 1-10 With regard to further embodiments and associated advantages of co-charging iron carrier material and particulate carbonaceous material by means of a dynamic distributor when adjusting the combined amounts depending on the position of the dynamic distributor, reference is made to FIGS.
  • Another object of the present application is a
  • Apparatus for charging material comprising iron carrier material and lumped carbonaceous material
  • iron material supply means for feeding the iron carrier material from the buffer container to the variable volume dynamic distribution device, wherein also a reservoir for the lumpy carbonaceous material is present, as well as a
  • Feed device for feeding from the chunky
  • Carbonaceous material from the reservoir to the dynamic distribution device with variable volume flow Carbonaceous material from the reservoir to the dynamic distribution device with variable volume flow.
  • Iron carrier material can be charged according to the invention with this device.
  • the shaft is, for example, a fixed-bed shaft, for example a fixed-bed shaft with fixed bed material charge moving in countercurrent to the reducing gas.
  • the trigger devices can, for example
  • Conveyor screws or rotary valves include.
  • they are screw conveyors.
  • Iron carrier material in a buffer container may comprise, for example, downpipes. Preference is given to downpipes, through which the material from the end of the trigger device, for example a screw conveyor falls under the action of gravity in the buffer tank. It may be one or more buffer tanks
  • Buffer tank be present. Preferably, several buffer containers are present. It can be any extraction device over the
  • Input device in only one assigned to it
  • Buffer tank open or it can be several
  • Discharge devices open into a common buffer tank.
  • Iron material supply devices may be present.
  • iron material supply devices are present.
  • the iron material supply devices can be any type of The iron material supply devices.
  • screw conveyors Preference is given to screw conveyors, as screw conveyors easily control the volume flow and / or can be regulated.
  • the dynamic distribution device comprises a device for controlling and / or regulating at least the iron material supply device
  • Control or regulation are here meant the meaning of the change of the volume flow.
  • Screw conveyor the control device and / or control, for example, influence the speed of the screw conveyor to change the flow rate.
  • the dynamic distribution device also includes a device for controlling and / or regulating the supply device for supplying carbonaceous material
  • Distributor may also be integrated together in a device. You can directly
  • the dynamic distribution device may be, for example, a gimbaled
  • Figure 1 shows an inventive device in an oblique view from the top side.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device 1 according to the invention for charging material 2a, 2b, comprising iron carrier material 2a and lumped carbonaceous material 2b, into a melter gasifier 3 of FIG
  • Iron carrier material 2a is preheated after the input into the shaft 5, not shown, at its upper end, not shown, in the shaft by the reducing gas and / or reduced. After passing through the shaft from top to bottom, the preheated and / or reduced iron carrier material 2a is withdrawn from the shaft 5 at the lower end of the shaft 5 with largely constant volume flow. That happens with
  • the dynamic distribution device 9 is shown schematically as a rotary chute. It distributes the iron carrier material in the interior of the melter gasifier over the cross section.
  • the dynamic distribution device comprises a device 11 for controlling and / or regulating the screw conveyor 10 in dependence on the position of the dynamic distribution device 9. It can influence the speed of the screw conveyor 10 to the
  • Change volume flow schematically represented by a connection between a screw conveyor 10 and device 11.
  • the dynamics of the distributor is shown schematically by dashed lines
  • Variable volume flow in the present case shown as a spiral conveyor screw 13.
  • the dynamic distribution device also includes a device 14 for controlling and / or regulating the screw conveyor 13 in Dependence on the position of the dynamic
  • the device 11 for controlling and / or regulating the screw conveyors 10 and the device 14 for controlling and / or regulating the screw conveyors 13 are integrated together in a device 15. They can interact directly with each other, or through a higher level of control and / or regulation.
  • Carbonaceous material 2b is combined before entering the melter gasifier, and the ratio of the combined amounts of iron carrier material 2a and particulate carbonaceous material 2b is
  • the ratio of the combined amounts of iron carrier material 2a and particulate carbonaceous material 2b is adjusted depending on the position of the dynamic distributor 9.
  • Figure 2 shows a section of the device of Figure 1 in a side view with a little less

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de chargement de matériau, comprenant un matériau porteur de fer (2a) et un matériau carboné en morceau (2b), dans un gazéificateur de fusion (3) d'une installation de réduction en bain de fusion, le matériau porteur de fer (2a) étant d'abord préchauffé dans un four (5) gazé avec un gaz réducteur et/ou réduit, puis retiré du four (5) à un flux volumique restant largement identique et introduit dans un récipient tampon (7), et puis amené, à partir du récipient tampon (7) à un flux volumique variable, jusqu'à un dispositif de distribution dynamique pour la distribution à travers la section transversale du gazéificateur de fusion (3). Le matériau porteur de fer (2a) et le matériau carboné en morceau (2b) sont réunis avant et/ou pendant qu'ils entrent dans le gazéificateur de fusion (3) et le rapport des quantités réunies du matériau porteur de fer (2a) et du matériau carboné en morceau (2b) peut être modifié. L'invention concerne en outre un dispositif pour la mise en œuvre du procédé.
PCT/EP2016/073219 2015-10-02 2016-09-29 Procédé et dispositif de chargement de matériau porteur de fer Ceased WO2017055419A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2018111314A RU2701773C1 (ru) 2015-10-02 2016-09-29 Способ и устройство для загрузки железосодержащего материала
KR1020187012555A KR20180058830A (ko) 2015-10-02 2016-09-29 철 담지체 재료를 장입하기 위한 방법 및 장치

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15188110.9A EP3150729A1 (fr) 2015-10-02 2015-10-02 Procede et dispositif de chargement de poutres en fer
EP15188110.9 2015-10-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017055419A1 true WO2017055419A1 (fr) 2017-04-06

Family

ID=54292585

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2016/073219 Ceased WO2017055419A1 (fr) 2015-10-02 2016-09-29 Procédé et dispositif de chargement de matériau porteur de fer

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3150729A1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20180058830A (fr)
CN (2) CN106987671A (fr)
RU (1) RU2701773C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017055419A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4350010A1 (fr) 2022-10-05 2024-04-10 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Fonte de fer en frittage

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3150729A1 (fr) * 2015-10-02 2017-04-05 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Procede et dispositif de chargement de poutres en fer
CN112944917B (zh) * 2021-02-23 2022-05-10 浙江友谊新材料有限公司 一种可去尘的熔炉加料装置

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0299231A1 (fr) 1987-07-13 1989-01-18 Deutsche Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Procédé pour le chargement de combustible et d'éponge de fer dans un four de fusion
WO1998028448A1 (fr) * 1996-12-20 1998-07-02 Pohang Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. Appareil de reduction par fusion et procede de production de gueuse de fonte en fusion a l'aide de cet appareil
WO2006072308A1 (fr) * 2004-12-23 2006-07-13 Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Gmbh & Co Procede et dispositif pour fabriquer des metaux et/ou des articles metalliques semi-finis
WO2012156243A1 (fr) 2011-05-19 2012-11-22 Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Gmbh Procédé et dispositif pour charger du matériau contenant du charbon et du matériau ferrifère
WO2013041342A2 (fr) * 2011-09-22 2013-03-28 Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Gmbh Dispositif d'amenée de sources d'énergie, de sources de fer et d'additifs à la surface d'un lit solide
WO2013045260A2 (fr) * 2011-09-30 2013-04-04 Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Gmbh Procédé et dispositif de production de fonte brute

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3150729A1 (fr) * 2015-10-02 2017-04-05 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Procede et dispositif de chargement de poutres en fer

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0299231A1 (fr) 1987-07-13 1989-01-18 Deutsche Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Procédé pour le chargement de combustible et d'éponge de fer dans un four de fusion
WO1998028448A1 (fr) * 1996-12-20 1998-07-02 Pohang Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. Appareil de reduction par fusion et procede de production de gueuse de fonte en fusion a l'aide de cet appareil
WO2006072308A1 (fr) * 2004-12-23 2006-07-13 Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Gmbh & Co Procede et dispositif pour fabriquer des metaux et/ou des articles metalliques semi-finis
WO2012156243A1 (fr) 2011-05-19 2012-11-22 Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Gmbh Procédé et dispositif pour charger du matériau contenant du charbon et du matériau ferrifère
WO2013041342A2 (fr) * 2011-09-22 2013-03-28 Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Gmbh Dispositif d'amenée de sources d'énergie, de sources de fer et d'additifs à la surface d'un lit solide
WO2013045260A2 (fr) * 2011-09-30 2013-04-04 Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Gmbh Procédé et dispositif de production de fonte brute

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4350010A1 (fr) 2022-10-05 2024-04-10 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Fonte de fer en frittage
WO2024074375A1 (fr) 2022-10-05 2024-04-11 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Masse fondue de fer issue d'aggloméré

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN106987671A (zh) 2017-07-28
KR20180058830A (ko) 2018-06-01
EP3150729A1 (fr) 2017-04-05
CN207047271U (zh) 2018-02-27
RU2701773C1 (ru) 2019-10-01

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