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WO2017050811A1 - Dispositif et procédé pour traiter de la matière thermoplastique au moyen d'un dispositif de concassage / transport amélioré - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé pour traiter de la matière thermoplastique au moyen d'un dispositif de concassage / transport amélioré Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017050811A1
WO2017050811A1 PCT/EP2016/072394 EP2016072394W WO2017050811A1 WO 2017050811 A1 WO2017050811 A1 WO 2017050811A1 EP 2016072394 W EP2016072394 W EP 2016072394W WO 2017050811 A1 WO2017050811 A1 WO 2017050811A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shaft
screw
crushing
transport
comminution
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2016/072394
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Klaus Brzezowsky
Klemens GRUBER
Thomas Pichler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Next Generation Recyclingmaschinen GmbH
Original Assignee
Next Generation Recyclingmaschinen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Next Generation Recyclingmaschinen GmbH filed Critical Next Generation Recyclingmaschinen GmbH
Publication of WO2017050811A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017050811A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/148—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers specially adapted for disintegrating plastics, e.g. cinematographic films
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/24—Drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/141—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with axial flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/145—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with knives spaced axially and circumferentially on the periphery of a cylindrical rotor unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/0026—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B29B17/0412—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling to large particles, e.g. beads, granules, flakes, slices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/252—Drive or actuation means; Transmission means; Screw supporting means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/252—Drive or actuation means; Transmission means; Screw supporting means
    • B29C48/2526—Direct drives or gear boxes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/39—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages a first extruder feeding the melt into an intermediate location of a second extruder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92009—Measured parameter
    • B29C2948/92114—Dimensions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92009—Measured parameter
    • B29C2948/92219—Degree of crosslinking, solidification, crystallinity or homogeneity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/252—Drive or actuation means; Transmission means; Screw supporting means
    • B29C48/2528—Drive or actuation means for non-plasticising purposes, e.g. dosing unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/38—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using two or more serially arranged screws in the same barrel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2007/00—Flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
    • B29L2007/008—Wide strips, e.g. films, webs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for processing of thermoplastic material, which comprises a reservoir for receiving piece-shaped plastic particles or a transport line for transporting piece-shaped plastic particles, one connected to the reservoir / the transport line to a transfer opening, combined crushing / transport device and a to the combined crushing / transport device subsequent extruder.
  • the invention relates to a method for operating the above device.
  • An apparatus and a method of the above type are basically known from the prior art.
  • the combined crushing / transporting device comprising a crushing shaft and a screw conveyor, wherein the crushing shaft is arranged above the screw conveyor and the supplied via the reservoir or the transport line material passes through the shredding shaft transverse to its axis.
  • the piece-shaped plastic particles fall from the crushing shaft down into the screw conveyor and are transported by this to the extruder.
  • the disadvantage here is that the freeness of the plastic particles can not be practically adjusted because the plastic particles fall substantially after half a revolution of the blade shaft in the screw conveyor and be transported away from this.
  • EP 0 934 144 Bl further discloses a device for processing thermoplastic material.
  • the device comprises a machine housing with a feed hopper and a driven slide which presses the plastic material located on a base plate and to be processed into a conditioner drum or into a conveyor tube.
  • knives are screw-shaped.
  • the knives and the subsequent conveyor screw feed the shredded plastic material to a screw of an extruder into which the plastic material is dispensed.
  • This device can be adjusted in operation only limited to different sizes of the supplied plastic particles.
  • the size of the particles can also be taken into account in the construction of the apparatus insofar as the conditioner drum, which is responsible for the comminution of the supplied material, is made longer for large plastic particles to be processed than for small particles. If, contrary to the original assumption, such a plant is later used for the processing of plastic particles for which it is not specified, plastic particles of a non-optimal size could be conveyed into the extruder.
  • the conditioner drum is more heavily loaded than necessary and may need to be serviced sooner than necessary.
  • An object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved apparatus and an improved method for processing thermoplastic material.
  • the extruder material of optimum size to be supplied, regardless of the size of the piece delivered to the device material.
  • the object of the invention is achieved with a device of the type mentioned, in which the combined crushing / transporting device comprises a crushing shaft and a separately rotatable screw conveyor, wherein the crushing shaft per revolution has a higher crushing effect than the screw conveyor and an overlap region between crushing shaft and Transport screw seen transversely to the axis of the crushing shaft (and seen in particular in the vertical direction) is less than 75% of the length of the crushing shaft.
  • the object of the invention is further achieved by a method for the operation of a device of the type mentioned, in which the crushing shaft and the screw conveyor are rotated separately, wherein the plastic particles in their passage through the combined crushing / transporting device of the crushing shaft be crushed more heavily than by the screw conveyor.
  • the supply amount to the extruder and the particle size of the processed material can be set independently or controlled / regulated.
  • the crushing shaft is mainly responsible for the crushing of the supplied plastic particles and the transport screw mainly for the transport of the supplied plastic particles.
  • material of optimum size can be fed to the extruder, regardless of the size of the material delivered to the device. This ensures proper mixing and melting of the material and prevents clogging of the extruder.
  • a lower coverage promotes this effect. Further advantageous values for the mentioned coverage are therefore ⁇ 50% and ⁇ 25%. It is particularly advantageous if the comminution shaft, viewed transversely to the axis of the comminution shaft (and in particular in the vertical direction), is at all free of overlap with the transport screw. In other words, the crushing shaft and the screw conveyor are then arranged side by side, whereby the residence time of the plastic particles in the crushing shaft is particularly large.
  • the comminution shaft is aligned coaxially or substantially coaxially with the transport screw.
  • the drive of the crushing shaft and the screw conveyor can for example be done from two sides or from one side via a hollow shaft.
  • substantially coaxial in this context means in particular an angle deviation of the two shaft axes of ⁇ 10 ° or a shaft offset of ⁇ 10% of the largest diameter of the comminution shaft.
  • a minimum value for the overlap between the comminution shaft and the transport screw can also be provided, for example an overlap of> 25% or even> 50%.
  • advantageous ranges for said coverage are from 25% to 75% or even from 50% to 75%.
  • the comminution effect can be related in particular to the ratios of the mean size of the plastic particles entering the comminution shaft / transport screw to their average size at the exit from the comminution shaft / transport screw, larger ratios characterizing a higher comminution effect.
  • the size of a plastic particle may be related to its surface and / or volume and / or weight. Because of the higher crushing effect of the crushing shaft, the ratio of the average size of the plastic particles entering the crushing shaft to the mean size at the outlet of the crushing shaft is greater than the ratio of the average size of the plastic particles entering the screw conveyor to the mean size at the exit from the screw conveyor.
  • a square plastic film made of PP (polypropylene) with a side length of 200 mm and a thickness of 0.1 mm can be used as the reference material for determining the different comminution action by the comminution shaft and the transport screw. If the presented device is filled with a piece or several pieces of the reference material, this is comminuted more strongly by the comminution shaft than by the transport screw.
  • the comminution shaft can have comminution means arranged thereon, which are formed in particular by teeth and / or by continuous cutting edges and / or by knives.
  • the crushing shaft can be continuously filled with cutting edges and / or teeth and / or knives, or these only in a (continuous) portion (ie in a crushing area), which adjacent to an initial area and / or end, in which / no cutting , Teeth or knives are arranged.
  • a crushing shaft continuous cutting edges, teeth and blades can be used alone or in any combination.
  • “Through cutting” extend substantially over the entire length of the crushing shaft or over the entire length of a crushing region.
  • the continuous cutting can be spiral or axial.
  • a plurality of continuous cutting edges can be distributed over the circumference of the comminuting shaft, or the comminuting shaft has only one continuous cutting edge.
  • the continuous cutting edges are moved substantially transversely to their longitudinal extension, respectively the rotation of the comminuting shaft causes a movement with such a transverse component. The separation of the plastic particles therefore takes place mainly by shearing.
  • Teeth can be interpreted as interrupted cutting or cutting with gaps. Their cutting edges can also run in a spiral or in an axial direction and also their cutting edges are moved transversely to their longitudinal extent during the rotation of the comminuting shaft. The separation of the plastic particles is therefore mainly by shearing and tearing.
  • the transport screw has fewer comminution means than the comminution shaft.
  • the transport screw is at all free of comminuting agents.
  • the transport screw may have rounded edges, whereby the subsidized plastic particles (in a manner not intended in itself) are further crushed by crimping at best.
  • the screw conveyor is closer to the extruder and the crushing shaft is closer to the container / transport tube. It is also advantageous in this connection if the comminution shaft of the transport screw is arranged upstream in the transport direction of the plastic and is arranged in the storage container / in the transport line or at least projects into it. As a result, a specific piece size of the processed plastic particles is first determined with the aid of the comminution shaft and, with the help of the transport screw, a certain amount of material is transported on to the extruder.
  • the screw conveyor closer to the container / transport tube and the crushing shaft is closer to the extruder or that the crushing shaft of the screw conveyor is downstream in the transport direction of the plastic.
  • the screw conveyor With the help of the screw conveyor a certain amount of material is transported to the crushing shaft, which then produces a certain piece size of the processed plastic particles.
  • the comminution shaft and the screw conveyor are accommodated in a common housing. In this way, a simple construction of the disclosed device results.
  • the transport screw and the extruder have a common shaft or are arranged on a common shaft. This results in a simple construction of the disclosed device and an advantageous material flow.
  • the crushing shaft has screw-like means of transport. In this way, the crushed by the crushing shaft material is also transported in the axial direction, whereby the material flow to the screw conveyor is further improved.
  • the crushing shaft may in this case also be called “shredder screw” or be taken as such.
  • the crushing shaft and the screw conveyor are rotated simultaneously at different speeds. In this way, material is continuously fed into the extruder.
  • the crushing shaft can be rotated at a higher speed than the screw conveyor, to concentrate the crushing effect even more on the crushing shaft. If the comminution shaft and the screw conveyor are operated at different rotational speeds, their helical transport means can also have different inclinations in particular.
  • a speed of the crushing shaft is increased relative to a rotational speed of the screw conveyor, if a lying above a target size size of the subsidized plastic particles is detected and vice versa.
  • the plastic particles are finely divided when a larger than a target size size of the conveyed plastic particles is detected, and lowered the degree of grinding when a below a target size lying size of the subsidized plastic particles is detected.
  • Figure 1 shows a first exemplary and schematically illustrated apparatus for processing of thermoplastic material, wherein the crushing shaft is arranged offset to the transport screw.
  • Fig. 2 similar to the device shown in Figure 1, but with coaxial arrangement of crushing shaft and screw conveyor.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary and schematically illustrated apparatus for processing thermoplastic material with a comminuting shaft / worm with teeth
  • Fig. 4 as Figure 3, with only one sensor for determining a particle size, as well as with rotating knives.
  • FIG. 6 shows an exemplary and schematically illustrated device with a distribution gear for driving the shredding shaft / worm and the screw conveyor from one side;
  • FIG. 7 shows an exemplary and schematically illustrated device with a shredding shaft / worm with continuous cutting edges
  • FIG. 8 is similar to FIG. 3, but with the order of the comminution shaft / screw and transport screw reversed
  • FIG. 9 shows an exemplary and schematically illustrated device with a transport tube instead of the container for the plastic particles.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematically illustrated device la for processing of thermoplastic material, which comprises a reservoir 2 for receiving piece-shaped plastic particles, and connected to the reservoir 2 at a transfer opening A, combined crushing / transport device 3 and one to the combined crushing - / Transport device 3 subsequent extruder. 4
  • the combined comminution / transport device 3 comprises a comminution shaft 5 and a transport screw 7 rotatable separately therefrom, the comminution shaft 5 having a higher comminuting effect per revolution than the transport screw 7.
  • the combined comminution / transport device 3 comprises a comminution shaft 5 with radial arranged knives 6 and one of them separately rotatable toothless screw conveyor 7th
  • the comminution shaft 5 is driven by a first drive motor 8, the transport screw 7 is driven by a second drive motor 9, and the extruder 4 is driven by a third drive motor 10.
  • the screw conveyor 7 and the extruder 4 cross each other in the example shown. It should be noted, however, that in Fig. 1 at is a purely schematic representation and the screw conveyor 7 and the extruder 4 may be arranged differently to each other, in particular coaxially.
  • the axes of the comminution shaft 5 and the transporting screw 7 are arranged parallel to each other. It is also conceivable, however, that the comminuting shaft 5 and the transporting screw 7 intersect each other, as is the case in FIG. 1 for the transporting screw 7 and the extruder 4.
  • the crushing shaft 5 and the screw conveyor 7 are housed in a common housing, which is also advantageous, but not mandatory. Rather, it is also conceivable that the crushing shaft 5 and the screw conveyor 7 are housed in separate housings.
  • the comminuting shaft 5 and the transporting propeller 7 are rotated separately from one another. In the concrete example, this is done via the two motors 8 and 9. With the help of the two motors 8 and 9, the crushing shaft 5 and the screw conveyor 7 can be rotated almost completely independently.
  • the device la also includes an optional controller 11, which allows separate control of the motors 8 and 9.
  • the material filled in the container 2 can be analyzed and, based on the analysis result, a rotational speed for the comminuting shaft 5 and the transporting screw 7 can be selected.
  • the comminuting shaft 5 and the transporting screw 7 may be driven by a single motor, the driving force of which is distributed via a transmission (see also FIG. 6).
  • the comminution shaft 5 and the screw conveyor 7 may be rotated at different speeds, but in a rigid relationship to each other.
  • variable-ratio gearboxes or controllable torque converters which enable a completely independent rotation even with a single motor.
  • the crushing shaft 5 and the screw conveyor 7 are simultaneously rotated at different speeds in order to effect a continuous delivery of the plastic particles.
  • the (at least temporarily) intermittent operation of the comminution shaft 5 and the transport screw 7 would be conceivable.
  • the comminution shaft 5 is arranged above the transport screw 7 and laterally slightly offset therefrom. Concretely, an intersection region B between crushing shaft 5 and screw conveyor 7 transverse to the axis of the crushing shaft 5 in this example, 50% of the length of the crushing shaft 5. In this way, a long residence time of the plastic particles in the crushing shaft 5 can be achieved before this in the Fall down transport screw 7.
  • the value 50% can be seen as an example and other values are also conceivable, smaller overlap areas favoring a longer residence time of the plastic particles in the area of the comminution shaft 5.
  • Advantageous ranges for said coverage are between 25% and 75% or even between 50% and 75%. In this way, a minimum cross section for the material transfer from the comminution shaft 5 into the transport screw 7, which is less prone to blockages.
  • the crushing shaft 5 has no screw-like transport means. Of course, these may be present (see also Fig. 3 to 10).
  • the provision of helical transport means on the comminution shaft 5 is rather advantageous in the case of smaller overlap areas B, rather unnecessary for larger overlapping areas B.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment in which a compressor 12 conveys compressed air into a compressed-air tank 13, from which it flows out of the nozzles 15 and 16 via a valve 14 and blows the plastic particles in the direction of the transport screw 7.
  • air nozzles 15, 16 are fully applicable even in the examples shown in Figures 2 to 10.
  • the example shown in FIG. 1 shows a variant a), in which the axes of the comminuting shaft 5 and the transporting screw 7 are spaced from one another or are aligned parallel to one another, with an overlapping range of ⁇ 75%.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary device 1b, which is similar to the device 1a shown in FIG.
  • the comminution shaft 5 is aligned coaxially with the transport screw 7.
  • the residence time of the plastic particles in the area of the comminution shaft 5 is comparatively large.
  • again compressed air-operated nozzles 15, 16 may be provided, as is the case in the example shown in FIG. 1.
  • the coaxial alignment of the shredder screw 5 and the screw conveyor 7 is favorable in terms of material flow, but not mandatory. Rather, it is also conceivable that the comminution shaft 5 and the screw conveyor 7 intersect each other, similar to the case in FIG. 1 for the transport screw 7 and the extruder 4.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary device 1b, which is similar to the device 1a shown in FIG.
  • the comminution shaft 5 is aligned coaxially with the transport screw 7.
  • the residence time of the plastic particles in the area of the comminution shaft 5 is comparatively large.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary and diagrammatically illustrated device 1c for processing thermoplastic material, which is similar to the device 1b shown in FIG.
  • the crushing shaft 5 has screw-like means of transport and is therefore referred to below as "crushing screw".
  • the crushing shaft / worm 5 has teeth 17 instead of the knives 6.
  • the combined comminution / Transport device 3 in the field of crushing screw 5 optional, cooperating with the teeth 17 of the shredder screw 5, fixed counter teeth 18, through which the cutting performance of the shredder screw 5 is improved.
  • 5 teeth 17 and counter teeth 18 are arranged only in a central region of the comminution shaft / screw, whereas the beginning and end regions run as a continuous screw.
  • This is advantageous insofar as the continuous starting part promotes the conveyance of the plastic particles into the comminuting / transporting device 3 and the continuous end region promotes the conveyance into the transporting screw 7.
  • this embodiment is not mandatory. Rather, it is also conceivable that the crushing screw 5 has only one continuous starting region or only a continuous end region or full length with teeth 17 is occupied. It is also conceivable that the counter-teeth 18 are arranged opposite to the illustration in FIG. 1 offset from the teeth 17 of the shredder screw 5. Shearing of the plastic particles then takes place (also) on the side flanks of the teeth 17 / counter teeth 18.
  • a rotational speed of the shredder screw 5 is increased in relation to a rotational speed of the screw conveyor 7, if a size of the conveyed plastic particles lying above a desired size is determined, and vice versa.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example in the form of a device ld, which is very similar to the device 1c shown in FIG.
  • a sensor 19 is provided for determining a particle size of the conveyed into the screw conveyor 7 plastic particles and connected to the controller 11.
  • the sensor 19 may be formed for example by a camera.
  • a size of the conveyed plastic particles lying above a desired size is then determined, then a rotational speed of the comminution screw 5 is increased in relation to a rotational speed of the transport screw 7, and the plastic particles are divided finer. Conversely, the freeness is lowered when a size of the conveyed plastic particles below a target size is determined.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further example in the form of a device le which is very similar to the device 1d shown in FIG.
  • teeth 17 and counter teeth 18 are now also provided, the teeth 17 and teeth 18 being arranged in the front area of the shredding screw 5 and the knives 6 and counter knives 20 in the end area of the shredding screw 5.
  • the piece size of the plastic particles can not only be controlled, but also regulated.
  • Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of a device le, in which the crushing screw 5 and the screw conveyor 7 are driven from one side.
  • the shaft of the screw conveyor 7 is formed as a hollow shaft, and the shaft of the crushing screw 5 is passed through said hollow shaft (shown in dashed lines in FIG. 6).
  • the two shafts are coupled to the motors 8 and 9.
  • a single motor in particular in conjunction with a planetary gear.
  • the driving force of the motor can be distributed in a particularly elegant manner to the two coaxial shafts. If the planetary gear is designed switchable, so even when using only one motor in operation different speed ratios between the crushing screw 5 and the screw conveyor 7 can be realized.
  • the planetary gear can also be executed in multiple stages.
  • the shaft of the screw conveyor 7 is designed as a hollow shaft.
  • the shaft of the shredder screw 5 is designed as a hollow shaft and the shaft of the screw conveyor 7 is passed through the hollow shaft.
  • the transmission 21 and the motors 8 and 9 would be arranged on the left.
  • FIG. 7 shows a further example of a device lg for processing thermoplastic material.
  • the crushing screw 5 no teeth 17 and no knives 6, but continuous cutting 22. These blades 22 cooperate with fixed cutting edges 23, whereby the supplied material is also crushed.
  • the screw conveyor 7, however, is free of cutting.
  • the fixed cutting edges 23 may be formed, for example, as axially aligned cutting edges (see also the front view C) or else also run in a spiral shape (see the front view D). It is particularly advantageous if the pitch of the fixed spiral-shaped cutting edges 23 is different from the cutting edges 22 of the grinding screw 5, since then load peaks in the drive torque are avoided.
  • the spiral-shaped sheaths 23 can be wound in the same sense as the cutting edges 22 of the comminuting screw 5 or also in opposite directions. Finally, it would also be conceivable that the fixed cutting edges 23 are normal to the axis of the crushing screw 5.
  • the fixed cutting edges 23 are arranged only in the upper and in the lateral area of the comminuting screw 5, since in this way it is avoided that material accumulates in the lower region of the comminuting screw 5, which is not transported away.
  • the tube in which the crushing screw 5 is arranged funnel-shaped together, whereby the collection of plastic particles is promoted in the crushing screw 5.
  • said eccentric configuration and / or said funnel-shaped structure is also suitable for the teeth 17 and knife 6 shown in FIGS. 3 to 5.
  • the cutting edges 23 of FIG. 7 a coaxial and / or cylindrical arrangement possible.
  • the shredder worm 5 has cutting edges 22, knives 6 and teeth 17.
  • the transport screw 7 is closer to the container 2 and the shredder screw 5 is closer to the extruder 4, as shown in FIG. 8 for the Vorrich- lh is shown.
  • the shredder screw 5 is equipped with teeth 17, for example, over its full length.
  • Fig. 9 also shows an example in which instead of the container 2, a transport tube 24 is provided. Via the transport tube 24, plastic particles are transported not only to the combined crushing / transporting device 3 but also to other units (not shown). In particular, the transport direction is from top to bottom. As a result of the movement of the plastic particles and the comminution / transport device 3 protruding into the transport pipe 24, some of the material transported in the transport pipe 24 can be diverted and conveyed into the comminuting / transporting device 3.
  • the comminuting shafts 5 illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 9, such as the comminution shaft 5 of FIG. 2, can also be formed without helical transport means, since the plastic particles basically also reach the transport helix 7 after a certain time.
  • the comminution shaft / worm 5 and the transport worm 7 are (exactly) aligned coaxially. In principle, it is also possible without serious deterioration of the properties of the devices la. Lg, the comminution shaft / worm 5 and the screw conveyor 7 to align substantially coaxially. In particular, an angular deviation of the two shaft axes of ⁇ 10 ° or a shaft offset of ⁇ 10% of the largest diameter of the comminuting shaft / worm 5 is conceivable in this connection.
  • the screw conveyor 7 in the horizontal direction and the transfer opening A is also aligned in the horizontal direction.
  • This is advantageous, but not mandatory. It is also generally conceivable that the transport screw 7 and / or the cross section of the transfer opening A are aligned obliquely or even vertically.
  • the supply amount to the extruder 4 and the particle size of the processed material can be set independently.
  • the extruder 4 material can be supplied of optimum size, regardless of the size of the piece delivered to the device la..li material. This ensures proper mixing and melting of the material and clogging of the extruder 4 can be avoided. An unnecessary burden and wear of the crushing shaft / worm 5 can be avoided in this way.
  • the crushing shaft / worm 5 mainly crushes and the conveying screw 7 mainly transported.
  • the transport screw 7 also divided and the shredder screw 5 also promotes, although each has a different task in the foreground.
  • the function of a transport screw 7 is mainly the material transport and less the heating of the transported material. In the extruder 4, however, a significant material heating (namely beyond the melting point of the plastic particles out) is desired.
  • these two functions can hardly be completely separated.
  • the crushing effect may in particular on the ratios of the average size of the
  • Plastic particles when entering the crushing shaft / worm 5 / screw conveyor 7 to the mean size at the outlet of the crushing shaft / worm 5 / screw conveyor 7 be related, with larger ratios characterize a higher crushing effect.
  • the size of a plastic particle may be based on its surface area and / or its volume. Because of the higher crushing action of the crushing shaft / worm 5, the ratio of the average size of the plastic particles entering the crushing shaft / screw 5 to the mean size at the exit from the crushing shaft / screw 5 is larger than the ratio of the average size of the plastic particles Entry into the screw conveyor 7 to the mean size at the exit from the screw conveyor 7th For the determination of the different comminution effect by the comminution shaft / screw 5 and the transport screw?
  • a square plastic film made of PP (polypropylene) with a side length of 200 mm and a thickness of 0.1 mm can be used as the reference material.
  • the device la .. li is to be filled with a piece or several pieces of the reference material.
  • a greater comminution action of the comminuting shaft / worm 5 arises solely from the fact that the comminuting shaft / worm 5 there are comminution means arranged thereon in the form of teeth 17 and / or in the form of continuous cutters 22 and / or in the form of knives 6 and the screw conveyor 7 has fewer comminuting means 6, 17, 22 than the comminution shaft / screw 5 or at all free of comminuting means 6, 17, 22.
  • the edges of the screw conveyor 7 may be rounded, for example.
  • the screw conveyor 7 may also have comminuting means, as long as their comminuting action remains smaller than that of the comminution shaft / screw 5.
  • a higher comminution action of the comminution shaft 8 relative to the transport screw 7 can also be realized or assisted by rotating the comminuting shaft / screw 5 at a higher speed than the transport screw 7.
  • the comminuting shaft / screw 5 and the Transport screw 7 also have the same crushing effect per revolution and in particular be identically constructed.
  • the embodiments show possible embodiments of a device la .. li for processing of thermoplastic material and method for their operation, it being noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments of the same or the same, but rather also various combinations
  • the individual variants are possible with each other and this possibility of variation is due to the teaching of technical action by objective invention in the skill of those working in this technical field expert.
  • all conceivable embodiments are possible, which arise through combinations of individual details of the illustrated and described embodiments.
  • a crusher shaft 5 according to FIG. 3 can also be used in the example illustrated in FIG. 9.
  • the eccentric structure and / or funnel structure shown in Fig. 7 can be applied to the other examples.
  • the order of the crushing shaft / worm 5 and the screw conveyor 7 can be reversed in all examples.
  • the use of a gear 21 instead of both sides arranged motors 8 and 9 is generally possible.
  • the use of a transport tube 24 instead of a container 2 and vice versa is possible.
  • the use of the sensor 19 and thus also a control of the particle size in the examples shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 without any restrictions is possible.
  • a device la .. li in reality may also include more or fewer components than shown.
  • thermoplastic material 1 a..1 i Device for processing thermoplastic material

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif (1a..1i) pour traiter de la matière thermoplastique, comprenant une réservoir de stockage (2) destiné à contenir des particules de plastique en morceaux ou une conduite de transport (24) destinée à transporter des particules de plastique en morceaux, ainsi qu'un dispositif de concassage / transport (3) combiné relié au réservoir de stockage (2) / à la conduite de transport (24). Le dispositif (1a..1i) comprend également une extrudeuse (4) qui se raccorde au dispositif de concassage / transport (3) combiné. Le dispositif de concassage / transport (3) combiné comprend un arbre de concassage (5) et une vis de transport (7) rotative séparée de celui-ci, l'arbre de concassage (5) ayant par révolution un effet de concassage supérieur à celui de la vis de transport (7). La zone de recoupement (B) entre l'arbre de concassage (5) et la vis de transport (7), lorsqu'on la considère transversalement à l'axe de l'arbre de concassage (5), vaut moins de 75 %. L'invention concerne par ailleurs un procédé pour faire fonctionner le dispositif (1a..1i), consistant à faire tourner l'arbre de concassage (5) et la vis de transport (7) séparément l'un de l'autre, les particules de plastique subissant un concassage plus important de la part de l'arbre de concassage (5) que de la vis de transport (7).
PCT/EP2016/072394 2015-09-22 2016-09-21 Dispositif et procédé pour traiter de la matière thermoplastique au moyen d'un dispositif de concassage / transport amélioré Ceased WO2017050811A1 (fr)

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ATA50807/2015A AT517755A1 (de) 2015-09-22 2015-09-22 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Verarbeitung von thermoplastischem Kunststoff mit einer verbesserten Zerkleinerungs-/Transportvorrichtung
ATA50807/2015 2015-09-22

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108273622A (zh) * 2018-04-23 2018-07-13 佛山市人和科技有限公司 一种环保用森林落叶粉碎装置
CN113453861A (zh) * 2018-12-19 2021-09-28 下一代回收机有限公司 用于处理塑料材料以再利用所述塑料材料的处理装置和方法
WO2022018084A1 (fr) * 2020-07-21 2022-01-27 Clextral Filière pour l'extrusion d'une matière riche en protéines et en eau, ainsi que machine d'extrusion comportant une telle filière

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DE3334394A1 (de) * 1983-09-23 1985-04-11 Leistritz Maschinenfabrik Paul Leistritz GmbH, 8500 Nürnberg Vorrichtung zum extrudieren von kunststoffen
WO2001047678A1 (fr) * 1999-12-27 2001-07-05 Gerold Barth Dispositif de traitement pour produits en matiere plastique
AT507856A2 (de) * 2009-02-03 2010-08-15 Starlinger & Co Gmbh Vorrichtung zur zerkleinerung von kunststoff

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AT407360B (de) * 1999-07-07 2001-02-26 Bacher Helmut Einwellenzerkleinerer
AT411662B (de) * 2002-03-12 2004-04-26 Starlinger & Co Gmbh Vorrichtung zur zerkleinerung von materialien

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3334394A1 (de) * 1983-09-23 1985-04-11 Leistritz Maschinenfabrik Paul Leistritz GmbH, 8500 Nürnberg Vorrichtung zum extrudieren von kunststoffen
WO2001047678A1 (fr) * 1999-12-27 2001-07-05 Gerold Barth Dispositif de traitement pour produits en matiere plastique
AT507856A2 (de) * 2009-02-03 2010-08-15 Starlinger & Co Gmbh Vorrichtung zur zerkleinerung von kunststoff

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108273622A (zh) * 2018-04-23 2018-07-13 佛山市人和科技有限公司 一种环保用森林落叶粉碎装置
CN113453861A (zh) * 2018-12-19 2021-09-28 下一代回收机有限公司 用于处理塑料材料以再利用所述塑料材料的处理装置和方法
CN113453861B (zh) * 2018-12-19 2023-11-10 下一代回收机有限公司 用于处理塑料材料以再利用所述塑料材料的处理装置和方法
US11919201B2 (en) 2018-12-19 2024-03-05 Next Generation Recyclingmaschinen Gmbh Processing plant and method for processing plastics material for the recycling thereof
WO2022018084A1 (fr) * 2020-07-21 2022-01-27 Clextral Filière pour l'extrusion d'une matière riche en protéines et en eau, ainsi que machine d'extrusion comportant une telle filière
EP4588650A3 (fr) * 2020-07-21 2025-08-06 Clextral Filière pour l'extrusion d'une matière riche en protéines et en eau, ainsi que machine d'extrusion comportant une telle filière

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