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WO2017045948A1 - Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un élément de batterie - Google Patents

Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un élément de batterie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017045948A1
WO2017045948A1 PCT/EP2016/070819 EP2016070819W WO2017045948A1 WO 2017045948 A1 WO2017045948 A1 WO 2017045948A1 EP 2016070819 W EP2016070819 W EP 2016070819W WO 2017045948 A1 WO2017045948 A1 WO 2017045948A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cell
signal
pulsating
anode
electrical signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2016/070819
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alexandra Wilde
Niluefer Baba
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of WO2017045948A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017045948A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00711—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with introduction of pulses during the charging process
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a battery cell, which has a negative terminal and a positive terminal.
  • Electrical energy can be stored by means of batteries. Batteries convert chemical reaction energy into electrical energy. Here are batteries.
  • Primary batteries and secondary batteries distinguished. Primary batteries are only functional once, while secondary batteries, also referred to as accumulators, are rechargeable.
  • a battery comprises one or more battery cells.
  • lithium-ion battery cells and lithium-metal battery cells are used in an accumulator. These are characterized among other things by high energy densities, thermal stability and extremely low self-discharge. Lithium-ion battery cells and lithium-metal battery cells are used, inter alia, in motor vehicles, in particular in electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (plug-in hybrid electric vehicles). PHEV) are used.
  • EV electric vehicles
  • HEV hybrid electric vehicles
  • plug-in hybrid electric vehicles plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
  • PHEV plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
  • Lithium metal battery cells have a positive electrode, also known as
  • Cathode is called, and a negative electrode, which is also referred to as anode on.
  • the cathode and the anode each include one
  • the active material for the cathode is, for example, a metal oxide.
  • Active material for the anode is, for example, lithium. But also graphite is used as an active material for anodes.
  • the active material of the anode contains lithium atoms.
  • Battery cell ie during a discharge process, electrons flow in an external circuit from the anode to the cathode.
  • lithium ions migrate from the anode to the cathode during a discharge process.
  • the lithium ions migrate from the cathode to the anode.
  • the electrodes of the battery cell are formed like a film and under
  • Interlayer of a separator which separates the anode from the cathode, wound into an electrode coil.
  • Such an electrode winding is also referred to as a jelly roll.
  • the electrodes may also be stacked to form an electrode stack.
  • a battery cell typically includes one or more electrode coils or electrode stacks.
  • the electrodes and separator are surrounded by a generally liquid electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte is conductive to the lithium ions and allows the transport of lithium ions between the electrodes.
  • the battery cell further comprises a cell housing, which is made of aluminum, for example.
  • the cell housing is, for example prismatic, in particular cuboid, designed and pressure-resistant.
  • Terminals are located outside of the cell housing. After this
  • a soft film may be provided which the electrode winding or
  • a generic battery cell comprising an anode and a cathode, wherein the active material of the anode comprises lithium, is known for example from US 5,728,482 A.
  • a problem with known lithium metal battery cells and with other battery cells is a dendritic growth of the anode.
  • lithium can dendritisch deposit on the anode and grow from there to the cathode.
  • Growing dendrites can perforate the separator and cause local shorts inside the battery cell.
  • growing dendrites can significantly reduce the life of the battery cell and even cause thermal damage to the battery cell, also known as thermal runaway.
  • pulse separation are designed and is therefore also referred to as "pulse separation”.
  • a method of operating a battery cell having a negative terminal and a positive terminal is proposed.
  • the terminals of the battery cell are connected to an electrical signal source, and the battery cell is acted upon by a pulsed electrical signal generated by the signal source.
  • the battery cell By acting on the battery cell with a pulsating signal, a dendrite-reduced or dendrite-free deposition of lithium takes place on an anode of the battery cell connected to the negative terminal. In particular, a pulse separation takes place. Lithium thus deposits more homogeneously on the anode, and growth of dendrites is inhibited or suppressed.
  • the battery cell is acted upon with a pulsating voltage signal.
  • a driving force for an electrochemical reaction can be controlled.
  • the voltage signal can be superimposed on a rest voltage of the battery cell.
  • the battery cell is charged with a pulsating current signal.
  • the current signal is a flow of electroactive species to the anode
  • the current signal can be superimposed on a quiescent current of the battery cell.
  • the pulsating electrical signal generated by the signal source is rectangular. But other designs of the signal are quite conceivable, for example, a triangular shape or a harmonic oscillation.
  • the battery cell is charged during a charging process with the pulsating electrical signal.
  • the signal source may be integrated in a charging device for charging the battery cell.
  • the battery cell is acted upon during a discharging process with the pulsating electrical signal.
  • the signal source may be constantly connected to the battery cell. If it is a traction battery in an electric vehicle, the signal source may be integrated into a battery control device.
  • the battery cell is initially charged after its preparation with the pulsating electrical signal.
  • an increased number of statistically distributed germinal centers can be generated on the anode, which causes a later homogeneous deposition of lithium on the anode.
  • a non-dendritic Preferably, before and / or during the application of the pulsating electrical signal to the battery cell, a non-dendritic,
  • state of the battery cell determined.
  • the non-dendritic or dendrite-reduced state of the battery cell can then be determined by means of non-linear chaos control
  • the chaos control is, for example, in the corresponding chapter in the Lexicon of Physics, under Controlling Chaos Edward Ott, Celso Grebogi, and James A. Yorke Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 2837 - Published 4 June 1990.
  • the shape of the pulsating electrical signal is advantageously determined in such a way that when the battery cell is acted upon by the determined pulsating electrical signal
  • the shape of the signal can be described by several parameters. These parameters include, for example, an amplitude, a period and a shape of the signal. Possible
  • Forms of the signal are for example a rectangular shape, a triangular shape or a harmonic oscillation.
  • the determination of the shape of the signal can be carried out, for example, by means of the floquet mode method.
  • the current generated by the signal source, as well as the voltage generated by the signal source are determined by means of
  • Amplitude set The amplitudes of the required voltage signal and the required current signal and thus the necessary energy of
  • the state of the battery cell is performed as follows:
  • the battery cell is transferred to a chaotic state
  • the non-dendritic state of the battery cell is selected from the determined unstable states of the battery cell.
  • the non-dendritic is selected from the determined unstable states of the battery cell.
  • state is one of many unstable states with a regular dynamics, which can accept the battery cell, in particular the anode of the battery cell.
  • the method of attractor reconstruction is, for example, Chennaoui, A.; Pawelzik, K.; Liebert, W.; Schuster, H.G. Pfister, G .: Attractor reconstruction from filtered chaotic time series.
  • p. 4051 disclosed
  • the growth of dendrites in the battery cell in particular at the anode, especially at a lithium-metal anode, inhibited or suppressed.
  • the life of the battery cell is advantageously increased and a threat to the environment by damage, thermal destruction and thermal runaway of the battery cell is avoided.
  • the consumption of electrolyte is reduced and a
  • the inventive method further allows the commercial production of other types of batteries, such as lithium-sulfur or lithium-air, as well as battery types, which were previously not rechargeable due to strong dendrite formation at the lithium metal anode.
  • This particular battery cells with increased energy capacity can be produced. Furthermore, can
  • Terminals connect, narrower and easier to run.
  • the use of pure lithium metal electrodes leads to a reduced total weight of the battery cell and thus to an increased gravimetric energy density.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a battery cell
  • FIG. 2 shows a time profile of a pulsating voltage signal
  • FIG. 3 shows a time profile of a pulsating current signal
  • Figure 5 shows a time course of an initial pulsating current signal
  • Figure 6 is a schematic representation of an arrangement for determining a suitable shape of the pulsating signal.
  • a battery cell 2 is shown schematically in FIG.
  • the battery cell 2 comprises a cell housing 3, which is prismatic, in the present cuboid.
  • the cell housing 3 is designed to be electrically conductive and manufactured, for example, from aluminum or stainless steel.
  • the cell housing 3 may also be made of an electrically insulating material, such as plastic.
  • Other shapes of the cell housing 3 are conceivable, for example circular cylindrical.
  • a fixed cell housing 3 may also be provided a soft film when the battery cell 2 is designed as a pouch cell.
  • the battery cell 2 comprises a negative terminal 11 and a positive terminal 12. Via the terminals 11, 12, a voltage provided by the battery cell 2 can be tapped off. Furthermore, the battery cell 2 can also be charged via the terminals 11, 12.
  • the terminals 11, 12 are spaced from one another on a top surface of the prismatic cell housing 3.
  • an electrode coil is arranged, which has two electrodes, namely an anode 21 and a cathode 22.
  • the anode 21 and the cathode 22 are each made like a foil and wound with the interposition of a separator 18 to the electrode coil. It is also conceivable that a plurality of electrode windings are provided in the cell housing 3. Instead of the electrode winding, an electrode stack can also be provided, for example.
  • the anode 21 comprises an anodic active material 41, which is designed like a foil.
  • the anodic active material 41 has as a base material lithium or a lithium-containing alloy. Other types of metal electrodes are conceivable.
  • the anode 21 further comprises a current conductor 31, which also formed like a film. The anodic active material 41 and the current conductor 31 are laid flat against each other and connected to each other.
  • the current conductor 31 of the anode 21 is made electrically conductive and made of a metal, for example copper.
  • the current conductor 31 of the anode 21 is made electrically conductive and made of a metal, for example copper.
  • Anode 21 is electrically connected to the negative terminal 11 of the battery cell 2.
  • the cathode 22 comprises a cathodic active material 42, which is designed like a foil.
  • the cathodic active material 42 has a base material
  • the cathode 22 further includes a current collector 32, which is also formed like a foil.
  • the cathodic active material 42 and the current collector 32 are laid flat against each other and connected to each other.
  • the current collector 32 of the cathode 22 is made electrically conductive and made of a metal, for example aluminum.
  • the current collector 32 of the cathode 22 is electrically connected to the positive terminal 12 of the battery cell 2.
  • the anode 21 and the cathode 22 are separated from each other by the separator 18.
  • the separator 18 is also formed like a film.
  • the separator 18 is electrically insulating, but ionically conductive, so permeable to lithium ions.
  • the cell case 3 of the battery cell 2 is filled with a liquid electrolyte 15, or with a polymer electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte 15 surrounds the anode 21, the cathode 22 and the separator 18.
  • the electrolyte 15 is also ionically conductive.
  • the signal source 50 generates an electrical signal in the form of a pulsating voltage signal 60 or in the form of a pulsating
  • the battery cell 2 is acted upon by the signal generated by the signal source 50 pulsating electrical signal.
  • An exemplary time profile of a pulsating voltage signal 60 generated by the signal source 50 is shown in FIG. In this case, the time t is plotted on the x-axis and the voltage U. applied between the terminals 11, 12 is plotted on the y-axis.
  • the voltage signal 60 is present
  • the minimal voltage 62 corresponds approximately to an open circuit voltage of the battery cell 2.
  • An exemplary time profile of a generated by the signal source 50 pulsating current signal 70 is shown in Figure 3.
  • the time t is plotted on the x-axis and the current flowing through the terminals 11, 12 on the y-axis I.
  • the current signal 70 is rectangular in the present case and varies between a minimum current 72 and a maximum current 74. The minimum current 72 is thereby almost equal to zero.
  • FIG. 1 An exemplary time profile of an initial pulsating voltage signal 60 generated by the signal source 50 is shown in FIG.
  • the time t is plotted on the x-axis and on the y-axis between the
  • Terminals 11, 12 present voltage U.
  • the initial voltage signal 60 is present rectangular and varies between a minimum voltage 62 and a maximum voltage 64.
  • the minimum voltage 62 corresponds approximately to an open circuit voltage of the battery cell 2.
  • the quiescent voltage 66 corresponds to a charging voltage with which the battery cell 2 is charged further after the initial pulsating voltage signal 60 has ended.
  • FIG. 1 An exemplary time profile of an initial pulsating current signal 70 generated by the signal source 50 is shown in FIG.
  • the time t is plotted on the x-axis and the current I flowing through the terminals 11, 12 is plotted on the y-axis.
  • the initial current signal 70 is rectangular in the present case and varies between a minimum current 72 and a maximum current 74.
  • the minimum current 72 is approximately equal to zero.
  • the initial pulsating current signal 70 After expiration of a predetermined period of time ends the initial pulsating current signal 70.
  • a quiescent current 76 which in the present case is greater than the minimum current 72.
  • the quiescent current 76 corresponds to a charging current with which the battery cell 2 is charged further after the completion of the initial pulsating current signal 70.
  • An arrangement for determining a suitable form of the pulsating electrical signal that is, the pulsating voltage signal 60 or the pulsating current signal 70, is shown schematically in FIG.
  • the signal source 50 To the battery cell 2, the signal source 50 is connected.
  • the battery cell 2 is further connected to a load 55.
  • the battery cell 2 supplies an electrical power to the load 55 by means of a voltage U and a current I.
  • the signal source 50 detects the time profile of the said voltage U and of the said current I.
  • suitable forms of the pulsating voltage signal 60 and of the pulsating current signal 70 are determined.
  • the determination of the pulsating voltage signal 60 and of the pulsating current signal 70 is carried out in the present case by means of a floquet mode method.
  • Possible shapes of the pulsating voltage signal 60 and of the pulsating current signal 70 to be applied to the battery cell 2 are, for example, a rectangular shape, a triangular shape or a harmonic oscillation. But other shapes of the pulsating electrical signal are conceivable.
  • the voltage signal 60 generated by the signal source 50 and the current signal 70 generated by the signal source 50 are then modulated accordingly by means of the determined floquet modes. Also, one each determined suitable amplitude for the voltage signal 60 and the current signal 70.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un élément de batterie (2) qui comporte une borne négative (11) et une borne positive (12), lesdites bornes (11, 12) étant connectées à une source de signaux électriques (50), et ledit élément de batterie (2) étant soumis à l'action d'un signal électrique (60, 70) pulsé produit par la source de signaux (50). (Fig. 1)
PCT/EP2016/070819 2015-09-17 2016-09-05 Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un élément de batterie Ceased WO2017045948A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015217815.3 2015-09-17
DE102015217815.3A DE102015217815A1 (de) 2015-09-17 2015-09-17 Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Batteriezelle

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WO2017045948A1 true WO2017045948A1 (fr) 2017-03-23

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WO (1) WO2017045948A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018211265A1 (de) * 2018-07-09 2020-01-09 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Laden einer Batterie und Steuereinheit
DE102018211264A1 (de) * 2018-07-09 2020-01-09 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Laden einer Batterie und Steuereinheit

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5728482A (en) 1995-12-22 1998-03-17 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Secondary battery and method for manufacturing the same
WO2010046392A2 (fr) 2008-10-23 2010-04-29 Happy Plating Gmbh Procédé d'application de revêtement par voie électrochimique
DE102011087496A1 (de) * 2011-11-30 2013-06-27 H-Tech Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Laden von wiederaufladbaren Zellen
US20140123477A1 (en) * 2012-11-02 2014-05-08 Sion Power Corporation Electrode active surface pretreatment

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5677612A (en) * 1996-08-02 1997-10-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Lead-acid battery desulfator/rejuvenator
DE102012220117A1 (de) * 2012-11-05 2014-05-08 Magna Electronics Europe Gmbh & Co. Kg Batterie-Pulser

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5728482A (en) 1995-12-22 1998-03-17 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Secondary battery and method for manufacturing the same
US5728482B1 (en) 1995-12-22 1999-11-09 Canon Kk Secondary battery and method for manufacturing the same
WO2010046392A2 (fr) 2008-10-23 2010-04-29 Happy Plating Gmbh Procédé d'application de revêtement par voie électrochimique
DE102011087496A1 (de) * 2011-11-30 2013-06-27 H-Tech Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Laden von wiederaufladbaren Zellen
US20140123477A1 (en) * 2012-11-02 2014-05-08 Sion Power Corporation Electrode active surface pretreatment

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ASGHAR ARYANFAR ET AL: "Dynamics of Lithium Dendrite Growth and Inhibition: Pulse Charging Experiments and Monte Carlo Calculations", JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS, vol. 5, no. 10, 15 May 2014 (2014-05-15), US, pages 1721 - 1726, XP055316785, ISSN: 1948-7185, DOI: 10.1021/jz500207a *
CELSO GREBOGI; JAMES A. YORKE: "Phys. Rev. Lett.", vol. 64, 4 June 1990, article "Lexikon der Physik, unter Controlling Chaos Edward Ott", pages: 2837
CHENNAOUI, A.; PAWELZIK, K.; LIEBERT, W.; SCHUSTER, H. G.; PFISTER, G.: "Attractor reconstruction from filtered chaotic time series", PHYSICAL REVIEW, vol. A 41, 1990, pages 4051
DAVID A WETZ ET AL: "Elevated rate cycling of high power electrochemical energy storage devices for use as the prime power source of an EM launcher", ELECTROMAGNETIC LAUNCH TECHNOLOGY (EML), 2012 16TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON, IEEE, 15 May 2012 (2012-05-15), pages 1 - 6, XP032456941, ISBN: 978-1-4673-0306-4, DOI: 10.1109/EML.2012.6325175 *
GEORGE H. LANE ET AL: "An Azo-Spiro Mixed Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Lithium Metal-LiFePO[sub 4] Batteries", JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 157, no. 7, 1 January 2010 (2010-01-01), US, pages A876, XP055319245, ISSN: 0013-4651, DOI: 10.1149/1.3429138 *
VON NILÜFER BABA; ANDREAS AMANN; ECKEHARD SCHÖLL; WOLFRAM JUST: "Giant Improvement of Time-Delayed Feedback Control by Spatio-Temporal Filtering", PHYS. REV. LETT., vol. 89, 26 July 2002 (2002-07-26), pages 074101

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