WO2017045774A1 - Tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a tool for comminuting metal, rock or plastic, in particular a hammer of a hammer mill, comprising a body which comprises at least two layers (10, 11), wherein the body has an opening (17) for receiving a shaft. In order to further develop a tool of the type in question in such a way that it can be produced cost-effectively and has an advantageous oscillation behaviour, the invention proposes that the layers (10, 11) each have a bearing surface (12, 13) by means of which the layers (10, 11) adjoin one another with full-surface contact and that the layers (10, 11) have an opening (20) with a fastening element arranged therein that connects the layers (10, 11).

Description

 Tool

The invention relates to a tool for crushing metal, rock, plastic, in particular a hammer for a hammer mill, consisting of a body consisting of at least two layers, wherein the body has an opening for receiving an axle.

Hammer mills or hammer crushers are known from the prior art. Hammer mills are also known as hammer mills, and hammer mills can be used to crush a wide variety of materials with different coarseness. Such hammer mills can also be used in the comminution of strongly heterogeneous material mixtures. The crushing of Aufgabeguts done by kinetic impact. In a housing, a rotor is arranged, on the outer circumference of a user-specific number of movable tools or hammers are arranged. The tools can reach peripheral speeds of up to 120 m / s. The rotor itself is usually driven directly by a motor and is arranged with the hammers in the housing, which has a sieve inside. When entering the hammer circle of the hammers, the rotating hammers hit the material to be shredded. The hammers hit a big shredding effect. The hammers then hurl the separated pieces on a so-called baffle, where they can be further broken by the impact.

Such hammer mills, which are also referred to as shredders, are also used for crushing scrap. It has proven to be advantageous to integrate in the hammer mills at least one anvil, with the hammers so cooperates, that rests on the anvil to be shredded scrap and the hammers are guided past a leading edge of the anvil, which leading edge is aligned to the rotor tapered. The material protruding over the front edge of the anvil, namely the scrap, is subjected to kinetic energy by the hammers in such a way that the scrap breaks along the front edge of the anvil. The anvil is provided such that it is disposed at the end of an inclined surface, so that the scrap can be guided into the area of the hammers at a controlled speed. The separated pieces of material of the scrap are thrown through a top grate. Here, these pieces of material are recalculated at a baffle angle. Tools for such hammer mills are known in various embodiments from the prior art.

For example, DE 2841390 A1 describes a rotating painting tool working by impact, for example a hammer of a hammer mill, which has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped. This tool is intended to consist of at least three layers of different materials, at least one middle layer and at least two outer layers, the respective abrasion resistance of the materials used for the respective layers being higher starting from the middle layer to the outer layers , It is a composite material that is used instead of a single material with uniform abrasion resistance. This composite material consists of adjacent layers of different materials with different abrasion resistance, the said layers being joined together in such a way that they mechanically counteract the formation of planes which offer the best incidence in the direction of the convex profile. Such a tool is intended to counteract a wear of the working surface of the tool by a progressive erosion, in which the work surface is profiled much like a knife edge.

In these prior art tools, it is disadvantageous that the production is very complex, insofar as the individual layers must be joined together to form a composite element and connected to each other. In addition, the vibration behavior of such tools when hitting the material to be shredded is insufficient, so that a very strong vibration transmission in the drive elements, in particular in the rotor or an axis on which the tools are mounted, takes place. Furthermore, from DE-PS 502 981 a racket for hammer mills is known, which consists of several side by side racket width arranged in sheets. The plates of the racket are designed differently. Thus, the outer plates of the racket turn outwards, so that the beating ends of the racket in each racket row are evenly distributed over the entire width of the hammer mill. The disadvantage here, however, that the free ends of the racket, formed from the individual sheets have only a low impact effectiveness. Furthermore, high vibrations are transmitted from one plate to the other plates by uneven impact loads, which are then also included in the area of the bolt, which rotatably connects the racket with a hub. In order to compensate for uneven wear of the individual sheets and to be able to produce the racket from thin sheets, a compensation of the ends of the sheets is also provided.

Based on this prior art, the invention is based on the invention of a generic tool such that the above-mentioned disadvantages are avoided, in particular, the tool should be inexpensive to produce and have an advantageous vibration behavior.

In order to achieve this object, it is provided that the layers each have a contact surface with which the layers abut one another and that the layers have an opening with a fastening element arranged therein and connecting the layers.

The tool according to the invention thus has at least two, in particular three, layers which are formed separately from one another and abut one another with their bearing surfaces. The connection of the layers is effected by a fastening element, which passes through an opening in the layers. Preferably, the layers are identically formed so that the openings in the layers are aligned coaxially with each other. Each tool thus has two openings, of which an opening for receiving an axis and an opening for receiving the layers connecting fastener is provided.

By combining the two, in particular the three layers by means of a fastener and this may preferably be a rivet, there is the advantage that the layers to improve the vibration behavior during Impact of the tool are to be crushed on the feed material relative to each other. Although the mobility of the layers is conceivably low, this mobility is sufficient to improve the vibration behavior, that is to say that the tool hits the material to be comminuted and the entire kinetic energy is introduced into the material to be comminuted due to reduced vibrations. As a result, the advantage is achieved that vibrations are transmitted only in a reduced extent in the hammer axis, so that their life can be increased. The storage of the hammer axis, of which several are arranged in a hammer mill in the rotor are spared by reducing the vibrations, so that their life is extended.

As stated above, it has proved to be advantageous to form the fastener as a rivet. Such a rivet can be produced in a simple manner and thus inexpensive. Furthermore, a rivet offers the advantage of transmitting high axial forces, while at the same time a smaller gap space between the Nietaußenmantelfläche and the inner circumferential surfaces of the bore which receives the rivet, the vibration behavior of the layers improves each other.

Preferably, the body is formed of three layers, wherein the two outer layers are formed in particular identical. However, there is also the possibility that all layers are identical or that only one of the outer layers deviates from the two further layers. The deviations are possible, for example, in the material, so that the layers are designed differently with regard to their abrasion resistance in order to achieve specific shapes when worn.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that the middle layer is formed in multiple layers. This embodiment serves the further purpose of also subdividing the middle layer in a simple manner in different abrasion resistance. In addition, this embodiment has the advantage that the body of the tool can be formed from a few components in different thicknesses. It is a modular system possible.

It is further provided according to the invention that the body is formed symmetrically and in particular substantially T-shaped. By the symmetrical Embodiment of the body can this one-sided wear, rotated by 180 ° mounted on the hammer axis, so that subsequently worked with the not yet worn surface of the body until this surface is worn accordingly, that the tool is replaced. The T-shaped design of the body has the advantage that the body can be made relatively narrow in the region of the articulation on the hammer axis, while a large material thickness is provided in the region of the working surface, that is to say the surface which acts on the feed material to be comminuted. which allows a time-consuming use of the tool.

Preferably, two fastening elements are provided in the tool according to the invention. These fastening elements are arranged in corresponding openings, wherein the fastening elements preferably finish flush with the bearing surface of each layer and a parallel outer surface. The arrangement of two fasteners has the advantage that in a tool with increasing wear and the possible loss of a fastener due to wear another fastener allows the cohesion of the layers, so that the tool can be rotated and used after reaching a wear limit of the first work surface until the second work surface is worn too.

Preferably, the fasteners are arranged in a tool with a T-shaped shape in the region of the opening for receiving the axis remote working surface. As soon as the working surface has reached a wear in which the material of the tool is worn down to the hole, opens in a further use of the tool, the bore and the fastener, namely the rivet falls out. This forms a new impact edge, which makes it possible to use the tool successfully longer, so that the required crushing is achieved. Only then when the new impact edge is worn, the tool is rotated and used with the second work surface until it is so far worn that even the second fastener, namely the second rivet falls out of the then opened opening. From this time on a change of the tool is then provided.

Preferably, the opening for receiving the axis has a diameter which is greater than that of the axis, so that between the lateral surface of the axis and the Inner surface of the opening, a gap is formed. This gap space serves for the relative movability of the tool about the axis, so that the tool can be moved slightly towards the axis when impacted, in order to avoid the introduction of force peaks and, on the other hand, enables a good movability of the tools relative to the axis without this Area too great a friction arises, which leads to premature wear of the axis or the tool in the opening.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that the diameter of the opening in the middle layer is greater than the diameter of the openings in the outer layers. Finally, it is provided that a bushing is inserted into the openings of the layers and is preferably connected to the layers which abuts against the inner circumferential surfaces of the openings in the layers. The bushing serves on the one hand to reduce friction in this area and on the other hand to define the layers in the axial direction relative to one another.

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawings in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. In the drawing show:

Figure 1 is a hammer mill in partially sectioned side view.

2 shows a tool according to the invention in a perspective view.

FIG. 3 shows the tool according to FIG. 2 in side view; FIG.

Fig. 4 shows the tool according to Figures 2 and 3 in cut

 Side view along the section line IV-IV in Figure 3;

Fig. 5 tool according to Figures 2 to 4 in plan view;

6 shows a middle layer of the tool according to FIGS. 2 to 5 in FIG

 perspective view;

FIG. 7 shows the layer according to FIG. 6 in a view; FIG. FIG. 8 shows the layer according to FIGS. 6 and 7 in a side view;

9 shows the layer according to FIGS. 6 to 8 in a sectioned illustration

 Side view along the section line IX-IX in Figure 7;

FIG. 10 shows the layer according to FIGS. 6 to 9 in a plan view;

Fig. 1 1 is a partial view of the layer as shown in the circle XI in Figure 7;

Fig. 12 is an outer layer in perspective view;

FIG. 13 shows the outer layer according to FIG. 12 in a view; FIG.

FIG. 14 is a top view of the outer view according to FIGS. 12 and 13;

Fig. 15, the outer layer according to the figures 12 to 14 in a side view and

Fig. 16, the outer layer according to the figures 12 to 15 in a cut

 shown side view along the section line XVI-XVI in Figure 13.

FIG. 1 shows a hammer mill 1 whose following components are described essentially. The hammer mill 1 has a housing 2. In the housing 2, a rotor 3 is rotatably mounted, which has a driven axis of rotation 4. Running parallel to the axis of rotation 4 in the illustrated embodiment, six hammer axes 5 are arranged, each carrying at least one tool 6 in the form of a hammer, wherein the tool 6 is rotatably mounted about the hammer axis 5.

Below the rotor 3, a grate 7 is arranged, via which a comminuted feed material is discharged after reaching a piece size, which allows the passage through the grate 7.

The upstream of the rotor 3 is a Zuführschurre 8, at whose end facing the rotor, an anvil 9 is arranged. The anvil 9 is arranged in such a way that the tools 6 move past a free edge of the anvil 9 during a rotation of the axis of rotation 4 and tools 6 swung out by the centrifugal force become. Between the anvil 9 and a work surface to be described below of the tool 6, a small gap is formed in the initial state, so that an over the Zuführschurre 8 the anvil 9 supplied feed material, such as a flat scrap element by the action of the tools 6 at the edge of the anvil 9 is knocked off.

On each hammer axis 5 a plurality of such tools 6 are arranged side by side, so that the tools 6 over the entire width of the Zuführschurre 8 and the anvil 9 impact on the feed material.

Incidentally, the mode of operation of the hammer mill 1 shown in FIG. 1 corresponds to the hammer mills known per se, and subsequently a tool 6 will be described in detail in connection with the invention.

The tool 6 is shown in Figures 2 to 5. The individual components of the tool 6, as described below, can be taken from FIGS. 6 to 16.

Each tool 6 according to FIGS. 2 to 5 consists of a middle layer 10 and two outer layers 11. The middle layer 10 has two bearing surfaces 12 (FIGS. 6 to 9). Each outer layer 1 has a bearing surface 12, which, unlike an outer surface 13, merges into a lateral surface 14 of the outer layer 11 at right angles. In contrast, the outer surface 13 merges via a phase 15 in the side surface 14 of the outer layer 1 1, so that an arranged in this area edge is formed broken.

It can be seen that the middle layer 10 is formed with respect to the outer layers 1 1 with a slightly lower material thickness. Furthermore, the middle layer 10 additionally has a towing device 16, which serves, for example, for striking a lifting device, not illustrated in detail, such as a crane or a grab train, in order to hold the tool 6 on the axis of rotation 4 during assembly.

The trailer device 16 is formed integrally with the middle layer 10. In addition, it can be seen that the tool 6 has a first opening 17 in the form of a bore. The opening 17 serves to receive the hammer axis 5, about which the tool 6 is rotatably movable. In the region of the two outer layers 1 1, the opening 17 in the region of the outer surfaces 13 has a bore extension 18, These bore extensions 18 can serve, for example, that a not-shown bushing is inserted into the opening 17 and thus applies to the bore extension 18 in that the bush does not protrude beyond the outer surfaces 13, but nevertheless connects the three layers, namely the middle layer 10 and the two outer layers 11, so that the middle layer 10 and the two outer layers 11 are immovable in the axial direction of the bore are.

It can be seen that the tool 6 is symmetrical. The tool 6 has a substantially T-shaped form, with the tool 6 expanding on both sides starting from the opening 17 at its end remote from the opening 17 and forming work surfaces in the area of extensions 19.

Starting from the opening 17 in the direction of the extensions 19 having the end of the tool 6 two further openings 20 are provided in the form of holes, which serve to receive a fastener, not shown, namely a rivet to the middle layer 10 with the two outer layers 1 1 to connect.

The openings 20 are formed in accordance with the opening 17 and thus also have bore extensions in the region of the two outer surfaces 13, so that an inserted rivet rests against the surfaces of these bore extensions and does not protrude beyond the outer surfaces 13. This serves to ensure that, in the case of very closely juxtaposed tools 6 on the hammer axis 5, a rivet which projects the movements of the tools 6 relative to the hammer axis 5 is avoided, which, moreover, could very quickly be destroyed under the circumstances given the movements and movement speeds given here, so that the connection between the layers 10, 1 1 is canceled. Furthermore, a protruding rivet could also damage intermediate walls arranged between adjacent tools (6).

Notwithstanding the embodiment of the tool 6 shown in the figures, the two openings 20 in the region of the extensions 19 be arranged trained work surfaces. In such an embodiment, there is the advantage that, by the wear of the extensions 19, that is, by a corresponding removal of the extension 19 during operation of the hammer mill 1, an opening 20 is opened upon reaching a wear limit and the rivet disposed therein will fall out. With this configuration, a new work surface in the form of an edge forms, which has an improved reduction effect compared to a worn work surface. Only then when this new working edge is also worn out, it is possible to arrange the tool 6 rotated by 180 ° on the hammer axis 5, so that then worked with the second extension 19, which still has a complete opening 20 with arranged rivet. Only when in this area the remaining opening 20 is opened and the rivet falls out the wear limit of the tool 6 is reached, so that the tool 6 must be replaced.

Due to the design of the tool 6, an extension of the service life is possible. This also contributes to the fact that the middle layer 10 is connected to the two outer layers 1 1 via fastening elements inserted into the openings 20, which in a certain way enables a relative movement of the layers 10, 11, so that an improved vibration behavior of the tool 6 is achieved is achieved. It is introduced a much higher impact in the material to be shredded. Furthermore, the second embodiment, not shown in the figures, as described above, has the advantage that after opening an opening 20 and falling out of a rivet a new striking edge is formed, which also provides an extension of the possible duration of use of the tool 6.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

 1 hammer mill bore extension

Housing extension

 Rotor opening

 4 rotation axis

 5 hammer axis

 6 tool

 7 rust

 8 feed chute

 9 anvil

 10 middle layer

 11 outer layer

 12 bearing surface

 13 outer surface

 1 side surface

 15 phase

 16 Trailer device

 17 opening

Claims

claims A tool for crushing metal, rock, plastic, in particular hammer of a hammer mill, consisting of a body consisting of at least two layers, wherein the body has an opening for receiving an axle,  characterized,  that the layers (10, 1 1) each have a bearing surface (12), with which the layers (10, 1 1) abut each other over the entire surface and  the layers (10, 11) have an opening (20) with a fastening element arranged therein and connecting the layers (10, 11). 2. Tool according to claim 1,  characterized,  that the fastening element is designed as a rivet. 3. Tool according to claim 1 or 2,  characterized,  in that the body is formed from three layers (10, 11), the two outer layers (11) being of identical design. 4. Tool according to claim 3,  characterized,  that the middle layer (0) is formed in multiple layers. 5. Tool according to one of claims 1 to 4,  characterized,  that the body is formed symmetrically and in particular substantially T-shaped. 6. Tool according to one of claims 1 to 5,  characterized,  that two fastening elements are provided. 7. Tool according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized,  in that the opening (17) for receiving the axle (5) has a diameter which is greater than the diameter of the axle (5), so that a gap is formed between the lateral surface of the axle (5) and the inner surface of the opening (17) is. 8. Tool according to one of claims 3 to 7,  characterized,  in that the diameter of the opening (17) in the middle layer (10) is greater than the diameter of the openings (17) in the outer layers (11). 9. Tool according to one of claims 1 to 8,  characterized,  in that a bush is inserted into the openings (17) of the layers (10, 11) and is preferably connected to the layers (10, 11) which abut against the inner lateral surfaces of the openings (17) in the layers (10, 11) , 10. Tool according to one of claims 1 to 9,  characterized,  the layers (10, 11) are movable relative to one another in order to improve the vibration behavior when they impact the material to be comminuted.