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WO2017044722A1 - Appareil de préparation et de soudage par résistance d'une surface adapté à l'aluminium - Google Patents

Appareil de préparation et de soudage par résistance d'une surface adapté à l'aluminium Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017044722A1
WO2017044722A1 PCT/US2016/050915 US2016050915W WO2017044722A1 WO 2017044722 A1 WO2017044722 A1 WO 2017044722A1 US 2016050915 W US2016050915 W US 2016050915W WO 2017044722 A1 WO2017044722 A1 WO 2017044722A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
assembly
shank
cap
manifold
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2016/050915
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English (en)
Inventor
Bryan Prucher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2017044722A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017044722A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/16—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded
    • B23K11/18—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded of non-ferrous metals
    • B23K11/185—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded of non-ferrous metals of aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
    • B23K11/11—Spot welding
    • B23K11/115—Spot welding by means of two electrodes placed opposite one another on both sides of the welded parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/30—Features relating to electrodes
    • B23K11/3009—Pressure electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/30—Features relating to electrodes
    • B23K11/31—Electrode holders and actuating devices therefor
    • B23K11/311—Electrode holders and actuating devices therefor the actuating device comprising an electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/30—Features relating to electrodes
    • B23K11/31—Electrode holders and actuating devices therefor
    • B23K11/314—Spot welding guns, e.g. mounted on robots
    • B23K11/315—Spot welding guns, e.g. mounted on robots with one electrode moving on a linear path
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/34—Preliminary treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/36—Auxiliary equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof

Definitions

  • This invention relates, in general, to resistance spot welding and, more specifically to the process of resistance spot welding and its associated equipment. More particularly, the present invention concerns the decontamination of the work piece surface prior to welding to enable creation of an acceptable resistance spot weld. Even more particularly, the present invention concerns the apparatus used for both preparing the work piece surface for welding and for producing a spot weld.
  • Resistance spot welding is used extensively throughout the durable goods and metal fabrication industries for joining sheet metal, including both coated and non-coated steel, as well as non-ferrous metals. It is used to join together two or more thin sheet pieces of metal by electrically inducing localized fusion of the metal, i.e., a weld.
  • the spot welding process generally involves clamping together the metal pieces or work pieces to be joined, between two axially aligned electrodes and applying high pressure thereto. Then, a high electrical current is passed between the electrodes and the metal pieces. Any resistance point or location in the path of the current becomes heated. With respect to the work pieces, the resistive points, become heated and fused together.
  • Resistance welding electrodes are typically made from a relatively low cost high conductivity copper alloy. These copper alloy electrodes serve three essential functions in the welding process: (1 ) they provide a conduit for carrying a high electrical current to a work piece without significant heating (Joule) losses due to their low electrical resistance; (2) their high thermal conductivity provides a method for conducting heat from the work piece and controlling the cool down process, thereby promoting weld nugget formation and, (3) they properly locate and clamp the work pieces together to establish a good interface and good electrical contact before the weld current is applied. [0006] In general, there are two areas in the weld current circuit where the electrical resistance is high enough to generate substantial amounts of heat.
  • the lower of the two areas is at the interface between the electrodes and an associated work piece and, the higher is at the interface (faying surfaces) between the metal pieces.
  • the resistivity of the copper electrodes is much lower than the metal to be joined. Therefore, the greatest amount of heat is generated at the faying surfaces between the sheet metal components. This is true for most metals except for aluminum.
  • the thermal capacity of the electrodes is, as a rule, not sufficient to take up the relatively large quantities of electrical heat falling to the external layers of oxide, without heating the electrode contact surfaces to temperatures above the "alloying on” temperature.
  • the reasons for this are, first, because heating the metal and the internal layers of oxide to the welding temperature requires, due to the relatively small amounts of electrical heat in these areas, either a correspondingly higher welding current or a correspondingly longer welding time. Therefore, relatively high values of the welding current and welding time are added to the relatively large amounts of electrical heat in the external layers of oxide.
  • the welding apparatus as disclosed in the above aforementioned patents, can be used only in conjunction with a pedestal welder.
  • a pedestal welder is fixed equipment, which is totally inappropriate for use in current high volume automobile assembly operations.
  • Modern high volume motor vehicle production employs portable spot weld guns that can be used in either manual or robotic applications.
  • Standard conventional vehicle design in the interests of material and weight conservation, keeps weld flanges narrow. This necessitates using a welding apparatus with a minimum size tool envelope.
  • the present invention provides a compact, low cost apparatus, accommodating the aluminum surface preparation process, with the capability of producing a follow up weld, dimensionally applicable for automotive use, readily adaptable to current weld gun construction and possessing enhanced cooling characteristics.
  • the present invention provides a spot welding apparatus which prepares an aluminum surface to be welded prior to electrode contact and enhances the electrode cooling characteristics as well as energy utilization thereby extending electrode life and promoting improved weld quality.
  • a first embodiment of the present invention comprises a fluted electrode shank and an internally finned fluted electrode cap assembly, each of the shank and cap being fluted along their external bodies and in fluid communication with a gas delivery tube for delivering an inert gas to an aluminum work piece surface.
  • the shank/cap assembly is, instead, based on a standard, commercially available electrode shank/electrode combination in fluid communication with a gas delivery tube having a fluted inner wall.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a typical portable spot weld gun for either manual or robotic applications used in high volume automotive vehicle and aircraft production;
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective of a first embodiment of the assembled apparatus of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along 3 - 3 of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is an exploded perspective of the fluted electrode shank and fluted, finned electrode cap assembly used herein;
  • Figs. 5a and 5b are, respectively, a perspective view and a side view showing the inert gas delivery to the electrode shank / electrode assembly;
  • Figs. 6 is a perspective of the manifold assembly used herein;
  • Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a robot arm having a pair of opposing surface apparatuses in the surface preparation position ;
  • Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view similar to Fig. 7, but showing opposing apparatus in the welding position;
  • FIG. 9. is a perspective view of an electrode shank assembly in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the electrode shank/electrode assembly in the surface preparation position
  • Fig. 1 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the assembly in a weld position
  • Fig. 12 is a partial cross-section view showing the gas flow in a surface preparation position
  • Fig. 13 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the gas shut off position;
  • Fig. 14 is a partial perspective view of the manifold used in the second embodiment;
  • Fig. 15 is a cut away, partial perspective view of the manifold hereof.
  • Fig. 1 6 is an exploded perspective view of the assembly of the second embodiment hereof.
  • FIGS. 1 - 9 there is shown a typical portable spot weld gun 10 used in either manual or robotic applications for high volume automotive vehicle production.
  • the relevant gun components comprise a fixed arm 8 and a moveable arm 6. These arms frictionally hold, at their ends, a fixed and a moveable electrode shank/cap assembly, generally, denoted at 12.
  • the gun 10 is particularly adapted for spot welding together aluminum sheets or work piecesl 1 (FIGS. 7-8).
  • shank/cap assembly 1 2 for use generally, comprises:
  • an electrode shank 14 having a substantially cylindrical body 16 and at least one external flute or channel 18.
  • the assembly further includes a conventional cooling tube 30.
  • the cooling tube extends through the shank 14 and into an internal cavity 32 of the internally finned electrode cap 20.
  • the tube 30 delivers a cooling fluid, such as cooling water, from a source (not shown) into the cavity 32 in the well known manner.
  • the electrode shank 14 has a standard tapered end 34 to allow it to be press fitted into a corresponding tapered opening 36 at the terminal end 38 of either the fixed or moveable arms of the spot weld gun 10.
  • the shank body 16 has at least one and, preferably, a plurality of flutes 18 formed around the exterior periphery thereof.
  • the flutes begin approximately halfway down the length of the shank and extend along an extent 40 to reduced diameter section 42, which defines a shoulder or abutment where the replaceable electrode cap 20 is to be fitted thereonto and be slightly distanced from.
  • the replaceable electrode cap 20 has a complementary and similarly externally fluted body 44, and, preferably, the finned internal cavity 32. By being fluted and finned, the cooling capability of the cap is enhanced.
  • This type of electrode cap is similar to the cap described in co-pending PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US16/28259, filed April 19, 2016 which is based on U.S. Provisional Patent Application, Serial No. 62/151 ,682, filed April 23, 2015, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the manifold 24 comprises a cylindrical body 46 having an internal cavity 48.
  • the manifold 24 has an internally threaded rear end 50.
  • a threaded end cap 52 threaded, as at 54, is used to secure the end cap to the body 46.
  • Means for biasing such as spring 58 is disposed in the cavity 48 of the manifold such that, at a first end 60, the spring is located against the inside wall 62 of the threaded manifold end cap 52 and on the other end of the cap 64 the spring locates on an end surface 66 of the gas delivery tube 28.
  • the spring 58 encircles and is moveable along the longitudinal axis of the electrode shank 14 of the assembly 12.
  • the manifold body 46 has a port 68 through an which inert gas is introduced into the apparatus and flows to flood the surface of an aluminum sheet that is initially deoxidized with a high voltage electric arc, then shortly thereafter spot welded.
  • the cylindrical gas delivery tube 28 is fitted over the electrode shank 14 and within the manifold body 46 in a manner which allows lateral freedom of movement along the center line of the electrode shank with its rest position being maintained by the spring against the internal surface of the manifold body.
  • the gas delivery tube 28 has a first end 70 opposite the end or surface end 66.
  • the gas delivery tube 28 is also encircled and captured, at the one end 66, by the manifold body 46.
  • the delivery tube 28 contains a series of inert gas access ports 72 formed around the periphery of the first end 70 thereof and in fluid communication with the inert gas port 68.
  • the end 66 is disposed within the manifold cavity 48, when assembled, as noted above.
  • the end 70 of the tube 28 includes a series of ports 74 which serve as pressure relief vents through which excess inert gas flooding the work piece surface exits.
  • inert gas from a source enters the access ports 72 from the inlet 68 and passes to the work piece by way of the flutes 18, 22 along the length of the electrode shank/electrode assembly 12 through the aligned openings during surface preparation. Excess gas is vented to the atmosphere via the ports 74.
  • Fig.7 there is shown two assemblies friction fitted to the weld gun arms in the surface preparation position relative to the aluminum work piece 1 1 .
  • Inert gas such as argon, is introduced through the ports 72 and flows through the interior of the tube along the flutes 18 and therefrom along the flutes or channels 22 of the cap 20 to the surface of the work piece 1 1 .
  • the gas delivery tube which is touching the work piece surfaces 1 1 from which the electrodes are held a, short distance away (D). This distance D, as well as the abutment of the tube, can be controlled and maintained through suitable sensing equipment (not shown) well known to the skilled artisan.
  • a standard electrode shank 1 10 comprises a substantially cylindrical body 1 12 having first and second ends 1 14, 1 16, respectively.
  • the shank 1 10 has a reduced diameter section 1 18, which terminates at the end 1 16.
  • the junction of the section 1 18 and the body 1 12 of the shank defines a shoulder 120.
  • the assembly 100 also includes a standard domed electrode cap 126 having an internal cavity 128.
  • the first end 1 14 has an entryway 122 through which a cooling tube 124 extends into the internal cavity 1 28 provided in the electrode cap 126, as explained below.
  • the electrode cap 126 is press fitted onto the end 1 16 of the electrode shank, as shown, and is moveable with the shank 1 10 between a surface preparation position and a weld position.
  • the electrode cap 126 comprises a conventional dome-shaped electrode having a substantially cylindrical body 136 and a domed top 132 having a central spot 134.
  • the cavity 128 may or may not have internal fins.
  • the cavity 120 is shown as being finned.
  • the assembly 100 further comprises a two-piece manifold assembly 136, which includes a first or front housing section 138 and a stepped end cap 140.
  • a front portion 142 of the end cap 140 has a reduced diameter section 144 and threadably mounts to front section 138.
  • a flange 148 on the front formed on the front portion 142 engages the rear end 148 of the front housing section 138 to define a stop.
  • the end cap 140 is internally grooved, as at 150.
  • Biasing means such as a spring 152, is disposed in the groove 150.
  • a seal 154 is used to prevent gas flow rearwardly in the conventional manner.
  • An inlet gas delivery port 156 is provided in the end cap 140.
  • the manifold assembly 136 is set in position on the shank 1 10 via a fastener, such as a set screw 158.
  • the shank is inserted and extends through the manifold assembly and is fixed by the set screw 150, as well.
  • the manifold assembly end cap 140 has the stepped sections because of the position of the inlet port 156.
  • a gas delivery tube 160 is used to deliver an inert gas to the work piece surfaces in a manner similar to that described with respect to the first embodiment.
  • the tube 160 is a substantially cylindrical open nded tube which encircles the shank 1 10 and the electrode cap 126 when the device is assembled.
  • the tube 160 comprises a first end 162 and a second end 164, which end 164 is insertable into the first manifold housing 128 and an elongated portion 166 which is internally fluted or channeled as at 168 and is normally held thereagainst by the spring 152.
  • the second end 164 is provided with a plurality of ports 170 circumferentially disposed therearound and which are in fluid communication with the port 156 as well as the flutes 168 to enable gas flow through the manifold and out the first end 162.
  • the degree of compression of the spring 152 is limited by the length of the shank/electrode assembly.
  • the tube 160 is retracted or compressed by the electrode into contact with a work piece moved by the movable arm of the weld gun, as shown in Figs. 1 1 and 13.
  • the inserted section 144 of the rear end cap 140 to second end 162 of the tube 16 engages the inserted section of the rear end cap to close off gas flow.
  • gas tube may be further retracted to expose the electrode cap to facilitate replacement when necessary.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Resistance Welding (AREA)

Abstract

Un ensemble tige/embout d'une électrode de soudure par points comprend une tige d'électrode cannelée et de préférence un embout d'électrode à ailettes internes. La tige et l'embout peuvent être cannelés le long de leur corps externe et en communication fluidique avec un tube de délivrance de gaz conçu pour délivrer un gaz inerte à une surface d'une pièce à travailler en aluminium. En variante, l'ensemble tige/embout comprend une tige d'électrode pourvue d'un embout d'électrode en forme de dôme, l'ensemble étant en communication fluidique avec un tube de délivrance de gaz ayant une paroi interne cannelée.
PCT/US2016/050915 2015-09-10 2016-09-09 Appareil de préparation et de soudage par résistance d'une surface adapté à l'aluminium Ceased WO2017044722A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201562216535P 2015-09-10 2015-09-10
US62/216,535 2015-09-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017044722A1 true WO2017044722A1 (fr) 2017-03-16

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PCT/US2016/050915 Ceased WO2017044722A1 (fr) 2015-09-10 2016-09-09 Appareil de préparation et de soudage par résistance d'une surface adapté à l'aluminium

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Country Link
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108356401A (zh) * 2018-01-03 2018-08-03 上海交通大学 气体辅助电阻点焊装置及其冷却和加热方法
CN116652349A (zh) * 2023-03-28 2023-08-29 中国航发南方工业有限公司 金属薄壁结构电阻点焊用电极

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1378394A (en) * 1970-12-18 1974-12-27 Mallory & Co Inc P R Disposable resistance welding cap electrodes
US5047608A (en) * 1989-02-23 1991-09-10 Nippon Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for resistance welding wherein the electrode axis is included with respect to the electrode forcing axis
US6011237A (en) * 1999-06-17 2000-01-04 Yang; Daniel Locking electrode tip for resistance spot-welding
KR20110130097A (ko) * 2010-05-27 2011-12-05 현대로템 주식회사 무산화 저항 점 용접방법
KR20130127098A (ko) * 2012-05-14 2013-11-22 주식회사 포스코 용접전극 및 이를 포함한 용접장치

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1378394A (en) * 1970-12-18 1974-12-27 Mallory & Co Inc P R Disposable resistance welding cap electrodes
US5047608A (en) * 1989-02-23 1991-09-10 Nippon Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for resistance welding wherein the electrode axis is included with respect to the electrode forcing axis
US6011237A (en) * 1999-06-17 2000-01-04 Yang; Daniel Locking electrode tip for resistance spot-welding
KR20110130097A (ko) * 2010-05-27 2011-12-05 현대로템 주식회사 무산화 저항 점 용접방법
KR20130127098A (ko) * 2012-05-14 2013-11-22 주식회사 포스코 용접전극 및 이를 포함한 용접장치

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108356401A (zh) * 2018-01-03 2018-08-03 上海交通大学 气体辅助电阻点焊装置及其冷却和加热方法
CN116652349A (zh) * 2023-03-28 2023-08-29 中国航发南方工业有限公司 金属薄壁结构电阻点焊用电极

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