WO2016208322A1 - 画像取得装置および画像取得方法 - Google Patents
画像取得装置および画像取得方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016208322A1 WO2016208322A1 PCT/JP2016/065610 JP2016065610W WO2016208322A1 WO 2016208322 A1 WO2016208322 A1 WO 2016208322A1 JP 2016065610 W JP2016065610 W JP 2016065610W WO 2016208322 A1 WO2016208322 A1 WO 2016208322A1
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- 0 *C1CCCC1 Chemical compound *C1CCCC1 0.000 description 1
- VKZYYOJPSOQYDQ-MRVPVSSYSA-N C[C@H]1CC2(CC2)CCC1 Chemical compound C[C@H]1CC2(CC2)CCC1 VKZYYOJPSOQYDQ-MRVPVSSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
- G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
- G02B21/008—Details of detection or image processing, including general computer control
- G02B21/0084—Details of detection or image processing, including general computer control time-scale detection, e.g. strobed, ultra-fast, heterodyne detection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N21/6456—Spatial resolved fluorescence measurements; Imaging
- G01N21/6458—Fluorescence microscopy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
- G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
- G02B21/0032—Optical details of illumination, e.g. light-sources, pinholes, beam splitters, slits, fibers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
- G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
- G02B21/0052—Optical details of the image generation
- G02B21/0076—Optical details of the image generation arrangements using fluorescence or luminescence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
- G01N2201/061—Sources
- G01N2201/06113—Coherent sources; lasers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/10—Scanning
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
- G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
- G02B21/0036—Scanning details, e.g. scanning stages
- G02B21/0048—Scanning details, e.g. scanning stages scanning mirrors, e.g. rotating or galvanomirrors, MEMS mirrors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an image acquisition device and an image acquisition method.
- a plurality of illumination lights having different irradiation patterns are generated by the DMD, irradiated to a plurality of different positions on the specimen, and the fluorescence from the plurality of positions detected by the detector is mixed and given to the illumination light by the DMD.
- a microscope that restores fluorescence emitted from each irradiation position based on the irradiation pattern (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 is for irradiating illumination light generated by DMD to a specific position of a specimen. If this technique is applied to image acquisition, the response speed of DMD is higher than that of optical scanning. There is an inconvenience that a sufficient frame rate cannot be secured due to the slow problem. Further, if a device capable of high-speed modulation such as EOM is used instead of DMD, the above problem can be solved. However, there is a disadvantage that the system becomes very expensive because modulation devices corresponding to the number of multiplexing are required. is there.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an image acquisition apparatus and an image acquisition method capable of improving the frame rate without requiring multiple devices. Yes.
- One embodiment of the present invention is an image acquisition device that separately acquires a local signal corresponding to each illumination region while simultaneously illuminating a plurality of regions, and modulates the intensity of light emitted from a light source to each other.
- An illumination light generation unit that generates a plurality of illumination lights including a modulated modulated illumination light and a non-modulated unmodulated illumination light, and a plurality of the illumination light generation units generated by the illumination light generation unit
- An illumination optical system that irradiates the illumination light at different positions on the sample, and detects and synthesizes the combined signal light generated by combining the signal light generated at the plurality of illumination positions irradiated with the illumination light by the illumination optical system Corresponding to the modulated illumination light by using the time integration of the product of the demodulated signal corresponding to the modulated illumination light and the synthesized signal from the combined signal output by the light detection unit that outputs a signal and the synthesized signal The modulated local signal And an image acquisition apparatus and a demodulator for
- the illumination light generation unit modulates the intensity of the light emitted from the light source and has a mutually independent primary pattern.
- the modulated modulated illumination light and the unmodulated non-modulated illumination light are A plurality of illumination lights are generated, and the generated illumination lights are irradiated to different positions of the sample by the illumination optical system. Since the signal light is generated simultaneously at the irradiation positions of the illumination lights, the combined signal light of the plurality of signal lights generated at the plurality of irradiation positions is detected by the photodetector, and the combined signal is output.
- the output combined signal is input to the demodulator, so that the modulated local signal corresponding to the modulated illumination light is obtained from the combined signal using the time integration of the product of the demodulated signal corresponding to the modulated illumination light and the combined signal.
- the signal light generated at each irradiation position is demodulated by separating the unmodulated local signal corresponding to the unmodulated illumination light by subtracting the sum of the modulated local signals from the time integration of the combined signal.
- each signal light demodulator performs demodulation processing using the demodulated signal synchronized with the pattern of each illumination light, each signal light is accurately obtained from the combined signal light using the mutual primary independence of the illumination light. Can be extracted well. Therefore, it is possible to accurately separate and detect signal lights emitted simultaneously from a plurality of irradiation positions, and to improve the frame rate without requiring multiple devices.
- the time integration of the product of the demodulated signal not corresponding to the modulated illumination light and the modulated local signal and the unmodulated local signal not corresponding to the modulated illumination light may be zero.
- the time integration of the product of the demodulated signal and the combined signal corresponding to the unmodulated illumination light may be the time integration of the combined signal.
- a modulator that modulates light intensity may be provided in at least one optical path of the plurality of illumination lights generated by the illumination light generation unit.
- each modulator may generate the modulated illumination light having the demodulated signals orthogonal to each other.
- two or more illumination lights having demodulated signals orthogonal to each other can be generated by a plurality of modulators, and the amount of signal obtained by using demodulated signals having orthogonality increases.
- the frame rate can be further improved.
- a function of arranging a plurality of irradiation positions at arbitrary positions in the sample may be provided.
- a plurality of modulated modulated illumination light and unmodulated non-modulated illumination light having a mutually independent primary pattern by modulating the intensity of light emitted from the light source.
- An illumination light generating step for generating the illumination light, an irradiation step for irradiating a plurality of the illumination lights generated by the illumination light generation step to different positions of the sample, and a plurality of the illumination light irradiated by the irradiation step A light detection step of detecting a combined signal light generated by combining the signal light generated at the irradiation position and outputting a combined signal; and a demodulation corresponding to the modulated illumination light from the combined signal output by the light detection step Separating a modulated local signal corresponding to the modulated illumination light using a time integration of a product of the signal and the combined signal, and subtracting a sum of the modulated local signals from a time integration of the combined signal
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a modulation signal having a pattern subjected to modulation by an electro-optic modulator in the image acquisition apparatus of FIG. 1. It is a figure which shows an example of the modulation signal of the pattern which has not received the modulation
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a demodulated signal of a pattern that has been modulated by an electro-optic modulator in the image acquisition device of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a modification of the image acquisition device of FIG. 1 and an example applied to a confocal microscope. It is a modification of the image acquisition apparatus of FIG. 1, Comprising: It is a figure which shows the other method of combining several illumination light. It is a modification of the image acquisition device of FIG. 1, and is a diagram showing a method of arranging a pair of mirrors at the position of the broken line portion S in FIG. 5A.
- FIG. 1 is a figure which shows the case where four illumination lights are multiplexed using two acousto-optic deflection elements.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a modification of the image acquisition device in FIG. 1 and showing a case where four illumination lights are multiplexed by effectively using light bounced by an electro-optic modulator.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a light pattern used in the image acquisition apparatus of FIG. 12 and a pattern of a modulated signal of light from a light source.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a pattern of light used in the image acquisition device of FIG. 12 and a modulation signal pattern of first illumination light immediately after being output from the electro-optic modulator.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a pattern of light used in the image acquisition apparatus of FIG. 12 and a pattern of a modulation signal of second illumination light immediately after being output from the electro-optic modulator.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a light pattern used in the image acquisition apparatus of FIG. 12 and a third illumination light modulation signal pattern immediately after being branched by the beam splitter. It is a light pattern used in the image acquisition apparatus of FIG. 12, Comprising: It is a figure which shows the pattern of the modulation signal of the 4th illumination light immediately after being branched by the beam splitter.
- FIG. 13 is a light pattern used in the image acquisition apparatus of FIG. 12, and a demodulated signal of light from a light source FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a light pattern used in the image acquisition apparatus of FIG. 12 and a pattern of a demodulated signal of the first illumination light just after being output from the electro-optic modulator.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a pattern of light used in the image acquisition device of FIG. 12 and a pattern of a demodulated signal of second illumination light just after being output from the electro-optic modulator.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a light pattern used in the image acquisition apparatus of FIG. 12 and a pattern of a demodulated signal of third illumination light immediately after being branched by the beam splitter.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a pattern of a demodulated signal of fourth illumination light that is used in the image acquisition device of FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a modification of the image acquisition device of FIG.
- FIG. 1 shows a case where four illumination lights are multiplexed by effectively using light bounced when combined by a beam splitter. It is a modification of the image acquisition apparatus of FIG. 1, Comprising: It is a schematic diagram which shows the case where sheet
- the image acquisition apparatus 1 is a multiphoton excitation scanning fluorescence microscope, and emits an ultrashort pulse laser beam having a constant peak intensity at predetermined time intervals as shown in FIG. Illumination that has a light source 2 and two illumination lights L1 and L2 having a pattern that is linearly independent from each other from the light source 2 and including modulated modulated illumination light and unmodulated unmodulated illumination light
- the light generation unit 3, the illumination optical system 4 that irradiates the generated illumination lights L1 and L2 to different positions of the sample A, and the fluorescence (signal light) generated at the illumination positions of the illumination lights L1 and L2.
- a light detection unit 5 that detects the combined fluorescence (synthetic signal light) and outputs a combined signal
- a demodulation unit (signal light demodulation unit) 6 that demodulates the fluorescence generated at each irradiation position from the output combined signal. I have.
- the illumination light generation unit 3 is provided in a first beam splitter (light branching unit) 7 that branches the light from the light source 2 into two optical paths, and one of the branched optical paths, and changes the intensity of light passing therethrough over time.
- An electro-optic modulator (modulator) 8 that modulates a pattern, imaging lenses 9a and 9b, mirrors 10a and 10b, and a second beam splitter (multiplexing unit) 11 that multiplexes light in two optical paths.
- the mirror 10a is a position that shifts the primary imaging position by the imaging lens 9a provided in one optical path in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis with respect to the primary imaging position by the imaging lens 9b provided in the other optical path. Is arranged.
- a signal control unit 12 is connected to the electro-optic modulator 8.
- the signal control unit 12 sends a modulation signal as shown in FIG. 2A, for example, to the electro-optic modulator 8 to block every other pulsed light from the light source, resulting in a 50% duty. So that it can be modulated.
- the electro-optic modulator 8 modulates the intensity of the light from the light source 2 to generate 40 MHz illumination light L1. .
- the illumination light L1 output from the electro-optic modulator 8 has a modulation pattern whose intensity changes at 40 MHz.
- the electro-optic modulator 8 is not provided in the other optical path, and the light emitted from the light source 2 has a pattern as it is, that is, a pattern that is not modulated by a pulse train having a constant peak intensity.
- Light L2 is generated.
- the illumination light L1 of the modulation pattern that has passed through the two optical paths and the illumination light L2 of the pattern that has not undergone modulation have an intensity that changes with time in a pattern that is primarily independent of each other.
- the illumination optical system 4 includes a pupil projection lens 13 that projects the two illumination lights L1 and L2 combined by the second beam splitter 11 onto the scanner 14, and the two illumination lights L1 and L2 simultaneously in the same direction (XY direction).
- An objective lens 16 that irradiates a plurality of irradiation positions A and collects fluorescence generated at each irradiation position of the sample A is provided.
- the scanner 14 is a galvanometer mirror, for example.
- the scanner 14 and the pupil position of the objective lens 16 are arranged at optically conjugate positions.
- the inter-lens distance between the imaging lenses 9a and 9b and the pupil projection lens 13 is set to be equal in the two optical paths.
- a dichroic mirror 17 having characteristics of transmitting the illumination lights L1 and L2 and reflecting the fluorescence is disposed.
- the light detection unit 5 includes, for example, a light detector 5a such as a photomultiplier tube, and an amplifier 5b that amplifies the fluorescence intensity signal detected by the light detector 5a.
- the demodulator 6 receives the demodulated signal synchronized with the modulation signal from the signal controller 12, and demodulates the fluorescence generated at each irradiation position from the combined fluorescence detected by the photodetector 5a. Specifically, the modulation local signal corresponding to the modulated illumination light is separated using the time integration of the product of the demodulated signal corresponding to the modulated illumination light and the combined signal, and the sum of the modulated local signals is calculated from the time integration of the combined signal. The unmodulated local signal corresponding to the unmodulated illumination light is separated as a difference.
- the time integration of the product of the demodulated signal that does not correspond to the modulated illumination light and the modulated local signal and the unmodulated local signal that does not correspond to the modulated illumination light becomes zero, and the demodulated code corresponding to the unmodulated illumination light and the combined signal
- the time integration of the product becomes the time integration of the composite signal.
- the demodulation signal is synchronized with the modulation ON / OFF, and is 1 when ON and -1 when OFF.
- Each code length corresponds to the exposure time of one pixel.
- code and optical modulation correspond to each pulse, but modulation may be performed for each pulse train having an arbitrary length.
- the demodulating unit 6 multiplies the intensity of the fluorescence of the modulation pattern by the intensity of the synthetic fluorescence detected by the photodetector 5a by the demodulated signal code1 synchronized with the modulation timing and integrates it over the exposure time, thereby modulating the illumination light.
- the modulation local signal corresponding to is separated and demodulated.
- the intensity of the fluorescence of the pattern that has not been modulated is obtained by integrating the intensity of the combined fluorescence detected by the photodetector 5a over the exposure time and integrating the intensity of the combined fluorescence that has been demodulated (modulation).
- the unmodulated local signal corresponding to the unmodulated illumination light is separated and demodulated.
- Multiplying the demodulated signal code2 is equivalent to not multiplying anything, so that it is only necessary to subtract the intensity of the fluorescence of the modulation pattern from the integrated value of the detected synthesized fluorescence.
- the fluorescence signal intensity corresponding to one pulse of the illumination light L1 is ⁇
- the fluorescence signal corresponding to one pulse of the illumination light L2 is ⁇ .
- the time series data D1 of the fluorescence signal during the exposure time corresponding to the illumination light L1 is (0, ⁇ , 0, ⁇ ).
- the light generation step S1, the irradiation step S2 for irradiating the generated illumination lights L1 and L2 to different positions of the sample A, and the fluorescence generated at the irradiation positions irradiated with the illumination lights L1 and L2 are combined.
- the image acquisition device 1 and the image acquisition method according to the present embodiment configured as described above, it is only necessary to provide the electro-optic modulator 8 in one of the optical paths branched into two.
- the two illumination lights L1 and L2 can be multiplexed only by the device 8, and the apparatus can be configured simply and inexpensively.
- the sample A is irradiated with the two multiplexed illumination lights L1 and L2 at the same time, two different areas in the sample are simultaneously scanned by scanning the spot of the two illumination lights L1 and L2 on the sample A by the scanner 14. Since imaging can be performed, there is an advantage that the frame rate for acquiring an image in the observation range can be doubled without requiring multiple devices.
- the obtained signal amount is 1 at the maximum as compared with the case where the two illumination lights L1 and L2 are generated by the two electro-optic modulators. There is an advantage that it can be improved 5 times.
- the multi-photon excitation type fluorescence microscope is illustrated as the image acquisition device 1, and therefore the dichroic mirror 17 that divides the fluorescence from the illumination lights L1 and L2 is provided between the objective lens 16 and the relay lens 15b.
- a dichroic mirror 17 is arranged on the light source 2 side of the scanner 14, and each illumination light L1 by the objective lens 16 is provided.
- the pinhole member 18 may be disposed at a position optically conjugate with the focal position of L2.
- the number and interval of the through holes 18a in the pinhole member 18 are set according to the number of illumination lights L1 and L2 and the distance between the focal positions.
- the light source 2 may be one that emits continuous light having a certain intensity.
- a beam splitter is adopted as the light branching unit 7
- a polarization beam splitter may be adopted.
- the beam splitter is adopted as the multiplexing unit 11
- a polarization beam splitter or a combination of a triangular prism 19 and mirrors 20a and 20b as shown in FIG. 5A may be adopted. In this case, when the triangular prism 19 and the mirrors 20a and 20b are relatively moved in the direction of the arrow B, the interval between the illumination lights L1 and L2 in the X direction can be changed.
- multiplexing is performed on the light source 2 side with respect to the imaging lens 9, thereby forming the imaging lens. 9 may be shared. Further, branching and multiplexing may be performed by other arbitrary methods.
- the mirror 10a is fixed and the shift amount of the primary image formation position is fixed, instead, the mirror 10a is moved in the direction of the arrow C shown in FIG. It may be adjustable.
- the electro-optic modulator 8 is exemplified as the modulator, a modulator such as an acousto-optic modulator may be employed instead.
- a pair of mirrors 37a and 37b may be introduced.
- the beam can be moved in the Y direction (perpendicular to the adjacent beam) on a plane perpendicular to the optical axis.
- the lenses 9a and 9b are provided so as to be movable in the direction along the optical axis, and the lenses 9a and 9b are moved along the optical axis to adjust the Z-direction position of each condensing point in the sample A. Also good.
- the respective focal points can be arranged at arbitrary positions.
- it is possible to clarify the interaction between regions having different functions by using simultaneous imaging of a plurality of regions in elucidation of brain functions and the like.
- the light from the light source 2 is branched into two, but it may be branched into three or more instead. Since the number of arrival pulses can be considered to be the same as the dimension of the vector space used for demodulation, multiplexing of illumination light can be performed by the same number as the number of arrival pulses during the exposure time. This can further increase the speed.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a case where the light is branched into three optical paths.
- the branching into the three optical paths is a beam splitter 7a that splits the light from the light source 2 into the optical path of the illumination lights L1 and L2 and the optical path of the illumination light L3, and the branched illumination that is arranged downstream of the beam splitter 7a.
- the beam splitter 7b further branches the optical paths of the lights L1 and L2 into an optical path of the illumination light L1 and an optical path of the illumination light L2.
- Imaging lenses 9a, 9b, and 9c are arranged in the three optical paths, respectively.
- electro-optic modulator 8 There is no electro-optic modulator 8 in one optical path, and electro-optic modulators (modulators) 8a that generate illumination lights (modulated illumination lights) L1 and L2 having modulation patterns orthogonal to each other in the other two optical paths. , 8b are arranged.
- the fluorescence signal corresponding to one pulse of the illumination light L1 is ⁇
- the fluorescence signal corresponding to one pulse of the illumination light L2 is ⁇
- the fluorescence signal corresponding to one pulse of the illumination light L3 is ⁇ .
- the time-series data D1 of the fluorescence signal during the exposure time corresponding to the illumination light L1 is (0, ⁇ , 0, ⁇ ).
- the time-series data D2 of the fluorescence signal during the exposure time corresponding to the illumination light L2 is ( ⁇ , 0, 0, ⁇ )
- the inner product of the time series data D and code1 of the synthetic fluorescence signal is taken, 2 ⁇ corresponding to the integral value of D1, and 2 ⁇ corresponding to the integral value of D2 if the inner product of the time series data D and code2 of the synthetic fluorescence signal is taken. Can be calculated. Further, the inner product of the time series data D and code3 of the synthetic fluorescence signal becomes the integral value 2 ⁇ + 2 ⁇ + 4 ⁇ of the synthetic fluorescence signal, and the fluorescence signal intensity 2 ⁇ corresponding to the previously obtained illumination light L1 and the fluorescence corresponding to the illumination light L2 are obtained. By subtracting the signal intensity 2 ⁇ , a fluorescence signal 4 ⁇ corresponding to the illumination light L3 can be obtained.
- the fluorescence corresponding to the illumination light L1 of the first modulation pattern can be demodulated by multiplying and integrating the detected intensity of the synthesized fluorescence by the demodulation signal code1 synchronized with the modulation.
- the fluorescence corresponding to the illumination light L2 of the second modulation pattern can be demodulated by multiplying and integrating the detected intensity of the synthesized fluorescence by the demodulation signal code2 synchronized in timing with the modulation. Then, by subtracting the fluorescence corresponding to the first and second modulation patterns from the integrated value of the detected intensity of the synthesized fluorescence, the fluorescence corresponding to the illumination light L3 of the pattern that has not been modulated is demodulated. Can do.
- the combination of the illumination lights L1 and L2 of the two modulation patterns and the combination of the illumination lights L1 and L2 of the combined modulation pattern and the illumination light L3 of the pattern not subjected to modulation are respectively performed by the mirrors 21a and 21b.
- the combination with the triangular prism 22 is performed. Thereby, three or more illumination lights L1, L2, and L3 can be efficiently combined. In this case, the distance between the illumination lights L1, L2, and L3 can be changed by relative movement of the mirrors 21a and 21b and the triangular prism 22 in the arrow D direction.
- the modulation code in which the demodulation codes corresponding to the illumination lights L1 and L2 are orthogonal to each other has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this and corresponds to the illumination lights L1 and L2. It is also possible to employ a modulation pattern in which the demodulation codes to be performed are not orthogonal to each other.
- the demodulated signal code1 (1, 0, 0, ⁇ 1) of the modulation pattern corresponding to one electro-optic modulator 8a
- the demodulated signal code2 of the modulation pattern corresponding to the other electro-optic modulator 8b.
- a demodulated signal code3 (1, 1, 1, 1) of a pattern not subjected to modulation by the electro-optic modulators 8a and 8b.
- the light modulation corresponding to 0 is OFF.
- the fluorescence signal corresponding to one pulse of the illumination light L1 is ⁇
- the fluorescence signal corresponding to one pulse of the illumination light L2 is ⁇
- the fluorescence signal corresponding to one pulse of the illumination light L3 is ⁇ .
- the time-series data D1 of the fluorescence signal during the exposure time corresponding to the illumination light L1 is ( ⁇ , 0, 0, 0).
- a resonant electro-optic modulator (not shown) may be employed instead of the electro-optic modulator 8.
- the resonant electro-optic modulator since it can be driven at a low voltage, there is an advantage that the cost can be kept low because a power amplifier is unnecessary.
- the resonance period of the resonant electro-optic modulator By making the resonance period of the resonant electro-optic modulator the same as the repetition period, an arbitrary pattern can be created during the exposure time.
- the electro-optic modulator 8 modulates the intensity of the light in one optical path, instead of this, as shown in FIG. 10, the acousto-optic deflection element 23, the lens 24, the prism 25, The mirrors 26a and 26b and the beam splitter 27 may be combined to modulate to a beat frequency due to interference of light having different frequencies.
- alteration of frequency YMHz, and the illumination light L2 of the modulation pattern of frequency 40MHz can be irradiated to the different position of the sample A.
- the signal control unit 12 can arbitrarily adjust the frequencies of the light L2a and L2b of the two modulation patterns by controlling the driver 28 of the acousto-optic deflection element 23, and the emission direction depends on the frequency.
- the irradiation position of the illumination light L2 on the sample A can be arbitrarily adjusted by electrical control of the acoustooptic deflection element 23.
- the sample A may be irradiated with a total of four illumination lights L1, L2, and L3 having three types of modulation patterns and illumination light L4 having a pattern that has not been modulated.
- the sample A may be irradiated with a total of four illumination lights L1, L2, and L3 having three types of modulation patterns and illumination light L4 having a pattern that has not been modulated.
- two sets of acousto-optic deflection elements 23a and 23b, lenses 24a and 24b, prisms 25a and 25b, mirror 26, and beam splitters 27a and 27b are used.
- one polarization direction for example, P-polarized light is incident on one acousto-optic deflection element 23a.
- the acoustooptic deflection element 23a splits the incident light into four lights of X MHz, Y MHz, X + 20 MHz, and Y + 20 MHz.
- the branched light passes through the lens 24a, the prism 25a, and the mirror 26, respectively, so that the XMHz light and the X + 20MHz light, the YHMz light, and the Y + 20MHz light are respectively combined by the beam splitter 27a. Be made.
- two illumination lights L1 and L2 having a beat frequency of 20 MHz are generated.
- the phases of the two illumination lights L1 and L2 on the beat frequency are shifted by 90 ° by adjusting the phase of the drive voltage waveform input to the driver 28 of the acousto-optic deflection element 23a. This makes it possible to create patterns that are orthogonal to each other.
- the other acousto-optic deflection element 23b receives light of another polarization direction, for example, S-polarized light out of the light from the light source 2.
- the branched light passes through the lens 24b, the prism 25b, and the mirror 26, and is interfered by combining the Z + 40 MHz light and the Z MHz light by the beam splitter 27b.
- illumination light L3 having a beat frequency of 40 MHz is generated.
- the ⁇ MHz light is directly guided to the beam splitter 27b via the lens 24b, the prism 25b, and the mirror 26, and becomes the illumination light L4 having a pattern that is not modulated.
- These four illumination lights L1 to L4 are combined by the polarization beam splitter 29 via the mirror 36 and irradiated to different positions on the sample A. By doing so, there is an advantage that the four illumination lights L1 to L4 are multiplexed and irradiated onto the sample A, and the frame rate can be further improved.
- multiplexing may be performed using light blocked by the polarization element in the electro-optic element. That is, since the two illumination lights L1 and L2 whose phases are inverted are emitted from the electro-optic modulator 8, the optical path length of one of the illumination lights L2 is adjusted to reduce the time delay of half the oscillation period of the laser light. By giving, illumination light L1 and L2 with different detection timings can be generated.
- the beam splitter 30 is arranged on the optical path that does not have the electro-optic modulator 8 and branches, and the optical path length of the branched light is adjusted to give a time delay that is half the oscillation period of the laser light, thereby detecting the detection timing. Can generate different illumination lights L3 and L4.
- a light source 2 that emits pulsed laser light having a frequency of 80 MHz and a constant peak intensity is assumed as the light source 2.
- the electro-optic modulator 8 modulates the duty to 50%, the first illumination light L1 that is turned on / off at 40 MHz shown in FIGS. 13B and 13G and the second inversion of the phases shown in FIGS. 13C and 13H Two illumination lights L1 and L2 of the illumination light L2 are generated.
- the light that passes through the optical path that does not have the electro-optic modulator 8 is branched by the beam splitter 30, thereby turning on and off at a frequency of 80 MHz as shown in FIGS. 13D, 13E, 13I, and 13J. 3, 4th illumination light L3, L4 is produced
- the optical path length is adjusted so as to give a time delay of 6.25 ns, which is half of the oscillation period 12.5 ns of the laser light.
- the pair of the first illumination light L1 and the third illumination light L3 and the pair of the second illumination light L2 and the fourth illumination light L4 are irradiated on the sample A at different times. Therefore, the fluorescence generated corresponding to the pair of illumination lights L1 and L3 or the pair of illumination lights L2 and L4 can be temporally separated. Since the two illumination lights L1, L3 and illumination lights L2, L4 constituting each pair have a primary independent relationship with each other, they can be demodulated in the same manner as described above.
- reference numeral 31 denotes a ⁇ / 2 plate
- reference numeral 32 denotes a mirror
- reference numeral 33 denotes a relay lens
- reference numeral 34 denotes a folding mirror.
- the mirror 32 is deviated from the optical path of the light that has passed through the ⁇ / 2 plate 31, and is disposed at a position that reflects only the light reflected by the folding mirror 34.
- the X + 40 MHz light reflected by the beam splitter 27 and the X MHz light transmitted through the beam splitter 27 are combined to become 40 MHz illumination light L1 and transmitted through the beam splitter 27.
- the X + 40 MHz light that is transmitted without being reflected by the beam splitter 27 and the X MHz light that is reflected without being transmitted through the beam splitter 27 are combined to become 40 MHz illumination light L3 and enter the delay optical path. Is done.
- the polarization direction is changed by the ⁇ / 2 plate 31, deflected by the mirror 32 on the way back through the relay lens 33 and the folding mirror 34, and passed through the polarization beam splitter 35.
- the Y 80 MHz illumination light L4 reflected without passing through the beam splitter 27 has its polarization direction changed by the ⁇ / 2 plate 31 in the delay optical path, and returns via the relay lens 33 and the folding mirror 34. On the way, it is deflected by the mirror 32 and passed through the polarization beam splitter 35.
- the epi-illumination type image acquisition apparatus 1 has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the sheet-like illumination lights L ⁇ b> 1 and L ⁇ b> 2 having primary and independent patterns are orthogonal to the optical axis of the objective lens 16 at positions separated in the direction along the optical axis of the objective lens 16.
- the present invention may be applied to the light sheet microscope 40 that simultaneously enters from the direction.
- the illumination light is scanned by scanning in two planes separated in the direction along the optical axis of the objective lens 16 by switching the intensity of one illumination light L1, L2 for each frame of the camera 41.
- L1 and L2 are generated in a pseudo sheet form.
- the light from the sample A at each scanning position is condensed by the microscope lens 42 and the imaging lens 43, and when multiple images are produced by the camera 41, for example, when four pulses come during the exposure time, double multiplexing is performed. , 4 images are acquired for each pulse arrival, and the images acquired using the primary independence of the illumination lights L1 and L2 are calculated to demodulate the two fluorescent images corresponding to the respective irradiation positions. Can be acquired. If this is used, phenomena occurring in different places at the same time can be captured at the same time.Instead of pseudo sheet-like illumination light, sheet-like illumination light generated using a cylindrical lens is adopted. May be.
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Abstract
Description
また、DMDの変わりにEOMのような高速変調可能なデバイスを使用すれば上記課題を解決することができるが、多重数分の変調デバイスが必要となるためシステムが非常に高価になるという不都合がある。
本発明は、上述した事情に鑑みてなされたものであって、多重数分のデバイスを必要とすることなくフレームレートを向上することができる画像取得装置および画像取得方法を提供することを目的としている。
また、上記態様においては、前記非変調照明光に対応する前記復調信号と前記合成信号との積の時間積分が前記合成信号の時間積分であってもよい。
このようにすることで、複数の変調器によって、相互に直交する復調信号を有する2以上の照明光を生成することができ、直交性を有する復調信号を用いることによって得られる信号量が増加し、フレームレートをさらに向上することができる。
本実施形態に係る画像取得装置1は、多光子励起型の走査型蛍光顕微鏡であって、図1に示されるように、一定のピーク強度を有する極短パルスレーザ光を所定時間間隔で射出する光源2と、該光源2からの光から相互に一次独立なパターンを有し、変調された変調照明光と変調されていない非変調照明光とを含む2つの照明光L1,L2を生成する照明光生成部3と、生成された複数の照明光L1,L2を試料Aの異なる位置に照射する照明光学系4と、照明光L1,L2の複数の照射位置において発生した蛍光(信号光)の合成蛍光(合成信号光)を検出して合成信号を出力する光検出部5と、出力された合成信号から、各照射位置において発生した蛍光を復調する復調部(信号光復調部)6とを備えている。
これにより、2つの光路を通過した変調パターンの照明光L1と変調を受けていないパターンの照明光L2とは、相互に一次独立なパターンで時間変化する強度を有するようになる。
照明光学系4のリレーレンズ15a,15bと対物レンズ16との間には、照明光L1,L2を透過し、蛍光を反射する特性を有するダイクロイックミラー17が配置されている。光検出部5は、例えば、光電子増倍管等の光検出器5aと、該光検出器5aにより検出された蛍光の強度信号を増幅する増幅器5bとを備えている。
また、露光時間をパルス4つ分とすると、照明光L1に対応する露光時間中の蛍光信号の時系列データD1は(0,α,0,α)となる。一方、照明光L2に対応する露光時間中の蛍光信号の時系列データD2は(β,β,β,β)となる。そのため合成蛍光信号の時系列データDはD=D1+D2=(β,α+β,β,α+β)となる。
本実施形態に係る画像取得方法は、図3に示されるように、光源2から射出された極短パルスレーザ光から、相互に一次独立なパターンを有する複数の照明光L1,L2を生成する照明光生成ステップS1と、生成された複数の照明光L1,L2を試料Aの異なる位置に照射する照射ステップS2と、照明光L1,L2が照射された複数の照射位置において発生した蛍光が合成された合成蛍光を検出する光検出ステップS3と、検出された合成蛍光から、各照明光L1,L2のパターンに同期する復調信号を用いて、各照射位置において発生した蛍光を復調する蛍光復調ステップ(信号光復調ステップ)S4とを含んでいる。
そして、多重化された2つの照明光L1,L2を試料Aに同時に照射するので、スキャナ14によって2つの照明光L1,L2のスポットを試料Aにおいて走査することによりサンプルにおける二つの異なる領域を同時にイメージングすることができるため、多重数分のデバイスを必要とすることなく観察範囲の画像を取得するフレームレートを2倍に向上することができるという利点がある。
また、この場合、光源2としては一定の強度を有する連続光を射出するものを採用すればよい。
また、変調器として電気光学変調器8を例示したが、これに代えて音響光学変調器等の変調器を採用してもよい。
また、レンズ9a,9bを光軸に沿う方向に移動可能に設け、光軸に沿ってレンズ9a,9bを移動させることにより、試料Aにおける各集光点のZ方向位置を調整するようにしてもよい。
3つの光路への分岐は、光源2からの光を照明光L1,L2の光路と照明光L3の光路とに分岐するビームスプリッタ7aと、ビームスプリッタ7aの下流側に配置され、分岐された照明光L1,L2の光路を照明光L1の光路と照明光L2の光路とにさらに分岐するビームスプリッタ7bとによりなされる。3つの光路には、結像レンズ9a,9b,9cがそれぞれ配置されている。
1つの光路には電気光学変調器8がなく、他の2つの光路には、相互に直交する変調パターンの照明光(変調照明光)L1,L2を生成する電気光学変調器(変調器)8a,8bをそれぞれ配置している。
照明光L1のパルス一つに対応する蛍光信号をα、照明光L2のパルス一つに対応する蛍光信号をβ、照明光L3のパルス一つに対応する蛍光信号をγとする。
照明光L1のパルス一つに対応する蛍光信号をα、照明光L2のパルス一つに対応する蛍光信号をβ、照明光L3のパルス一つに対応する蛍光信号をγとする。
この場合に、信号制御部12は、音響光学偏向素子23のドライバ28を制御して、2つの変調パターンの光L2a,L2bの周波数を任意に調節することができ、周波数に応じて射出方向が異なることを利用して試料Aにおける照明光L2の照射位置を音響光学偏向素子23の電気的な制御によって任意に調節することができる。
例えば、図11に示される例では、2組の音響光学偏向素子23a,23b、レンズ24a,24b、プリズム25a,25b、ミラー26およびビームスプリッタ27a,27bを利用している。
このようにすることで、4つの照明光L1からL4を多重化して試料Aに照射し、さらにフレームレートを向上することができるという利点がある。
すなわち、電気光学変調器8からは、位相が反転した2つの照明光L1,L2が射出されるので、一方の照明光L2の光路長を調節してレーザ光の発振周期の半分の時間遅延を与えることで、検出タイミングが異なる、照明光L1,L2を生成することができる。また、電気光学変調器8を有しない光路にビームスプリッタ30を配置して分岐し、分岐された光の光路長を調節してレーザ光の発振周期の半分の時間遅延を与えることで、検出タイミングが異なる照明光L3,L4を生成することができる。
そして、電気光学変調器8により50%デューティに変調すると、図13Bおよび図13Gに示される40MHzでオンオフされる第1の照明光L1と、図13Cおよび図13Hに示される位相が反転した第2の照明光L2の2つの照明光L1,L2が生成される。
一方、電気光学変調器8を有しない光路を通過する光がビームスプリッタ30により分岐されることにより、図13D、図13E、図13Iおよび図13Jに示されるように、周波数80MHzでオンオフされる第3、第4の照明光L3,L4が生成される。
なお、擬似的なシート状の照明光に代えて、シリンドリカルレンズを用いて生成されたシート状の照明光を採用してもよい。
2 光源
3 照明光生成部
4 照明光学系
5 光検出部
6 復調部(信号光復調部)
7,7a,7b 第1ビームスプリッタ(光分岐部)
8,8a,8b 電気光学変調器(変調器)
S1 照明光生成ステップ
S2 照射ステップ
S3 光検出ステップ
S4 蛍光復調ステップ(信号光復調ステップ)
L1,L2,L2a,L2b,L3,L4 照明光の主光線
A 試料
Claims (7)
- 複数の領域を同時に照明しながら、各々の照明領域に対応する局所信号を分離して取得する画像取得装置であって、
光源から射出された光の強度を変調し相互に一次独立なパターンを有し、変調された変調照明光と変調されていない非変調照明光とを含む複数の照明光を生成する照明光生成部と、
該照明光生成部により生成された複数の前記照明光を試料の異なる位置に照射する照明光学系と、
該照明光学系により前記照明光が照射された複数の照射位置において発生した信号光が合成された合成信号光を検出して合成信号を出力する光検出部と、
該光検出部により出力された前記合成信号から、前記変調照明光に対応した復調信号と前記合成信号との積の時間積分を用いて前記変調照明光に対応する変調局所信号を分離し、前記合成信号の時間積分から前記変調局所信号の総和を差分して前記非変調照明光に対応する非変調局所信号を分離する復調部とを備える画像取得装置。 - 前記変調照明光に対応しない前記復調信号と前記変調照明光に対応しない前記変調局所信号および前記非変調局所信号との積の時間積分がゼロである請求項1に記載の画像取得装置。
- 前記非変調照明光に対応する前記復調信号と前記合成信号との積の時間積分が前記合成信号の時間積分である請求項2に記載の画像取得装置。
- 前記照明光生成部が生成した複数の前記照明光の少なくとも一つの光路に光の強度を変調する変調器を備える請求項1から請求項3のいずれかに記載の画像取得装置。
- 前記変調器を2以上備え、
各該変調器が、相互に直交する前記復調信号を有する前記変調照明光をそれぞれ生成する請求項4に記載の画像取得装置。 - 複数の前記照射位置を前記試料中の任意位置に配置する機能を有する請求項1から請求項3のいずれかに記載の画像取得装置。
- 光源から射出された光の強度を変調し相互に一次独立なパターンを有し、変調された変調照明光と変調されていない非変調照明光とを含む複数の照明光を生成する照明光生成ステップと、
該照明光生成ステップにより生成された複数の前記照明光を試料の異なる位置に照射する照射ステップと、
該照射ステップにより前記照明光が照射された複数の照射位置において発生した信号光が合成された合成信号光を検出して合成信号を出力する光検出ステップと、
該光検出ステップにより出力された前記合成信号から、前記変調照明光に対応した復調信号と前記合成信号との積の時間積分を用いて前記変調照明光に対応する変調局所信号を分離し、前記合成信号の時間積分から前記変調局所信号の総和を差分して前記非変調照明光に対応する非変調局所信号を分離する信号光復調ステップとを含む画像取得方法。
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| WO2021251133A1 (ja) * | 2020-06-10 | 2021-12-16 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 観察装置及び観察方法 |
| WO2023095442A1 (ja) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-06-01 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 観察装置および観察方法 |
| JP2023079446A (ja) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-06-08 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 観察装置および観察方法 |
| JP7671233B2 (ja) | 2021-11-29 | 2025-05-01 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 観察装置および観察方法 |
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| US20180073976A1 (en) | 2018-03-15 |
| JPWO2016208322A1 (ja) | 2018-04-19 |
| DE112016002209T5 (de) | 2018-03-01 |
| JP6720165B2 (ja) | 2020-07-08 |
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