WO2016129506A1 - 液晶配向剤 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016129506A1 WO2016129506A1 PCT/JP2016/053416 JP2016053416W WO2016129506A1 WO 2016129506 A1 WO2016129506 A1 WO 2016129506A1 JP 2016053416 W JP2016053416 W JP 2016053416W WO 2016129506 A1 WO2016129506 A1 WO 2016129506A1
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- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- polyamic acid
- aligning agent
- crystal aligning
- mass
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- 0 *OC(*(C(O*)=O)(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O)=O Chemical compound *OC(*(C(O*)=O)(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- QRLZFQRBGNEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(C)OC(CN(CCCc(cc(cc1)N)c1N)C(OC(C)(C)C)=O)=O Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(CN(CCCc(cc(cc1)N)c1N)C(OC(C)(C)C)=O)=O QRLZFQRBGNEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/14—Polyamide-imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal aligning agent for obtaining a liquid crystal aligning film, and more particularly to a liquid crystal aligning agent, a liquid crystal aligning film, and a liquid crystal display element suitable for application by an ink jet method.
- a polyimide resin film As a liquid crystal alignment film used for a liquid crystal display element or the like, a polyimide resin film is widely used.
- This polyimide-based liquid crystal alignment film is produced by applying a liquid crystal alignment agent mainly composed of a polymer such as polyamic acid, polyamic acid ester, and polyimide and a solvent to a substrate.
- a flexographic printing method has been the mainstream as a method for applying a liquid crystal aligning agent, but in recent years, the use of an ink jet method has gradually increased from the viewpoint of cost merit.
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by coating by the ink jet method has a trade-off relationship between the film thickness uniformity within the coating surface and the shape control of the coating edge.
- Patent Document 1 a method of confining the liquid crystal aligning agent within a predetermined range by a structure has been proposed (see Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, and Patent Document 3).
- Patent Document 2 a method of using an alkyl cellosolve acetate as a solvent for simultaneously improving the uniformity in the coating film surface and the linearity of the coating film edge (see Patent Document 4)
- Patent Document 5 a method of using an alkyl cellosolve acetate and dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether in a solvent has been proposed (see Patent Document 5). .
- the method using a structure has a drawback that the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal panel increases.
- the method which uses alkyl cellosolve acetate for a solvent and the method which uses alkyl cellosolve acetate and dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether each have the outstanding effect, sufficient characteristic is not achieved in order to achieve a subject.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a new liquid crystal aligning agent suitable for an ink jet method, which is excellent in film thickness uniformity in a coating film surface, linearity of a coating film end, and dimensional stability of a coating film. It is in.
- R 1 and R 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an acetyl group, R 2 is an alkanediyl group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, and n is 1 or 2)
- the content of (A) is 20 to 70% by mass
- the content of (B) is 20 to 70% by mass
- the content of (C) is 5 to 55% by mass
- N-methyl-2 based on the whole solvent.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent according to any one of 1 to 5 above, wherein the content of the polymer is 1 to 5% by mass. 7).
- a method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film, wherein the liquid crystal aligning agent according to any one of 1 to 6 is applied by an inkjet method. 10.
- a liquid crystal display device comprising the liquid crystal alignment film as described in 8 above.
- liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention a liquid crystal aligning film excellent in film thickness uniformity, linearity and dimensional stability in the periphery of the film can be obtained on the substrate, particularly also by the ink jet method. .
- a highly reliable liquid crystal display element in which problems such as display unevenness are suppressed can be obtained.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyamic acid, polyamic acid ester, and polyimide.
- the structure of these polymers is not particularly limited as long as it can be used as a liquid crystal alignment film.
- these polymers may be one kind in the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention, and multiple types may be mixed.
- Examples of preferable polyamic acid, polyamic acid ester, and polyimide in the present invention include a polymer having a repeating unit represented by the following formula (1).
- a polymer having an imide ring formed by intramolecular condensation accompanied by elimination of OR and A can be exemplified.
- X represents a tetravalent organic group
- two Rs each represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group
- Y represents a divalent organic group
- two As each represent Represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- X, Y, R, and A may each have a plurality of structures mixed in the polymer.
- the polymer which consists of the repeating unit whose two R of said Formula (1) is a hydrogen atom is a polyamic acid
- the polymer whose at least one part of R in this polyamic acid is a monovalent organic group Is a polyamic acid ester.
- a polymer in which at least a part of OR and A corresponding to this OR are eliminated and condensed in the molecule to form an imide ring is polyimide.
- X in the formula (1) is not particularly limited, but the following X-1 to X-46 can be given as specific examples.
- X-1, X-2, X-3, X-4, X-5, X-6, X-8, X-16, X-19, X-21, X-25, X-26 X-27, X-28 or X-32 is preferred.
- These preferable Xs are preferably 2 to 100% by mole, more preferably 40 to 100% by mole, based on the total X in the polymer.
- Y examples include Y-19, Y-23, Y-25, Y-26, Y-27, Y-30, Y-31, Y-32, Y-33, Y-34, Y-35, Y -36, Y-40, Y-41, Y-42, Y-44, Y-45, Y-49, Y-50, Y-51, or Y-61 are more preferable, Y-31, or Y- 40 is particularly preferred.
- the Y content is preferably 1 to 100 mol%, more preferably 50 to 100 mol% of the total Y contained in the polymer.
- two Rs each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- a monovalent organic group an aryl group or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable. Specific examples include a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, and an ethyl group.
- R is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group from the viewpoint of ease of intramolecular condensation.
- Two A's in the formula (1) each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- a monovalent organic group an alkyl group, alkenyl group or alkynyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable.
- Specific examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, t-butyl group, hexyl group, octyl group, decyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, and bicyclohexyl group.
- alkenyl group examples include those in which one or more CH 2 —CH 2 structures present in the above alkyl group are replaced with a CH ⁇ CH structure, and more specifically, vinyl groups, allyl groups, 1- Examples include propenyl group, isopropenyl group, 2-butenyl group, 1,3-butadienyl group, 2-pentenyl group, 2-hexenyl group, cyclopropenyl group, cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl group and the like.
- Alkynyl groups include those in which one or more CH 2 —CH 2 structures present in the alkyl group are replaced with C ⁇ C structures, and more specifically, ethynyl groups, 1-propynyl groups, 2 -Propynyl group and the like.
- a polyamic acid can be obtained by reaction of tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine.
- a polyamic acid composed of a repeating unit in which two Rs in the formula (1) are both hydrogen atoms is represented by a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the following formula (2) and a formula (3). It can be obtained by reaction with diamine.
- X in formula (2) and Y and A in formula (3) are the same as defined in formula (1), respectively.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine are reacted in the presence of an organic solvent at ⁇ 20 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 50 ° C. for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 12 hours.
- the organic solvent used in the above reaction is preferably N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or ⁇ -butyrolactone because of the solubility of the monomer and polymer, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more. It may be used.
- the concentration of the polymer in the reaction system is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass from the viewpoint that polymer precipitation is unlikely to occur and a high molecular weight product is easily obtained.
- the obtained polyamic acid can be recovered by precipitating the polymer by pouring it into a poorly polymer-soluble solvent (hereinafter also referred to as a poor solvent) while thoroughly stirring the reaction solution. Moreover, the powder of polyamic acid refine
- a poor solvent is not specifically limited, Water, methanol, ethanol, hexane, butyl cellosolve, acetone, toluene etc. are mentioned.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polyamic acid is preferably 10,000 to 305,000, and more preferably 20,000 to 210,000.
- the number average molecular weight is preferably 5,000 to 152,500, and more preferably 10,000 to 105,000.
- the polyamic acid ester can be synthesized by esterifying a polyamic acid obtained from tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine. Specifically, the polyamic acid and the esterifying agent are reacted in the presence of an organic solvent at ⁇ 20 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 50 ° C. for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 4 hours. Can be synthesized.
- the esterifying agent is preferably one that can be easily removed by purification, and N, N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide diethyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide dipropyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide Dineopentyl butyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide di-t-butyl acetal, 1-methyl-3-p-tolyltriazene, 1-ethyl-3-p-tolyltriazene, 1-propyl-3-p -Tolyltriazene, 4- (4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) -4-methylmorpholinium chloride and the like.
- the addition amount of the esterifying agent is preferably 2 to 6 molar equivalents per 1 mol of the polyamic acid repeating unit.
- the solvent used in the above reaction is preferably N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or ⁇ -butyrolactone in view of polymer solubility. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Good.
- the concentration of the polymer in the reaction system is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass from the viewpoint that polymer precipitation is unlikely to occur and a high molecular weight product is easily obtained.
- the polyamic acid ester can also be synthesized from tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride and diamine.
- the polyamic acid ester in which two Rs in the formula (1) are both monovalent organic groups is represented by the tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride represented by the following formula (4) and the formula (3). It can be obtained by reaction with diamine.
- R in the formula (4) is the same as the definition in the formula (1).
- tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride and diamine in the presence of a base and an organic solvent at ⁇ 20 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 50 ° C., for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 4 hours. It can be synthesized by reacting.
- a base pyridine, triethylamine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine and the like can be used, but pyridine is preferable because the reaction proceeds gently.
- the addition amount of the base is preferably 2 to 4 times the molar amount of the tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride from the viewpoint of easy removal and high molecular weight.
- the solvent used in the above reaction is preferably N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or ⁇ -butyrolactone in view of the solubility of the monomer and polymer, and these may be used alone or in combination.
- the polymer concentration in the reaction system is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass from the viewpoint that polymer precipitation is unlikely to occur and a high molecular weight product is easily obtained.
- the solvent used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid ester is preferably dehydrated as much as possible, and it is preferable to prevent mixing of outside air in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- polyamic acid ester can also be synthesized by polycondensation of tetracarboxylic acid diester and diamine.
- a polyamic acid ester in which two Rs in the formula (1) are both monovalent organic groups includes a tetracarboxylic acid diester represented by the following formula (5) and a diamine represented by the above formula (3).
- R of Formula (5) is the same as the definition in said Formula (1).
- tetracarboxylic acid diester and diamine in the presence of a condensing agent, a base, and an organic solvent at 0 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 100 ° C., for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 3 to 15 It can synthesize
- the condensing agent include triphenyl phosphite, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, N, N′-carbonyldiimidazole, dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazide.
- Nylmethylmorpholinium O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N ′, N′-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate, O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N , N ′, N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, (2,3-dihydro-2-thioxo-3-benzoxazolyl) phosphonate diphenyl, and the like.
- the addition amount of the condensing agent is preferably 2 to 3 times the molar amount of the tetracarboxylic acid diester.
- tertiary amines such as pyridine and triethylamine can be used.
- the addition amount of the base is preferably 2 to 4 times mol with respect to the diamine component from the viewpoint of easy removal and high molecular weight.
- the reaction proceeds efficiently by adding Lewis acid as an additive.
- Lewis acid lithium halides such as lithium chloride and lithium bromide are preferable.
- the addition amount of the Lewis acid is preferably 0 to 1.0 times mol with respect to the diamine component.
- the synthesis method (1) or (2) is particularly preferable.
- the resulting polyamic acid ester solution can be precipitated into a polymer poorly soluble solvent (poor solvent) while stirring well to precipitate the polymer. Precipitation is performed several times, and after washing with a poor solvent, a purified polyamic acid ester powder can be obtained at room temperature or by heating and drying.
- a poor solvent is not specifically limited, Water, methanol, ethanol, hexane, butyl cellosolve, acetone, toluene etc. are mentioned.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polyamic acid ester is preferably 5,000 to 300,000, and more preferably 10,000 to 200,000.
- the number average molecular weight is preferably 2,500 to 150,000, and more preferably 5,000 to 100,000.
- a polyimide is obtained by imidating said polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester.
- thermal imidization by heating or catalytic imidization using a catalyst is generally used.
- the catalytic imidation in which the imidization reaction proceeds at a relatively low temperature is preferable because the molecular weight of the resulting polyimide is less likely to decrease.
- Catalytic imidation can be carried out in an organic solvent by stirring the polyamic acid in the presence of a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride, or stirring the polyamic acid ester in the presence of a basic catalyst.
- the reaction temperature at this time is ⁇ 20 to 250 ° C., preferably 0 to 180 ° C.
- the amount of the basic catalyst is 1 to 60 moles, preferably 2 to 40 moles per mole of the repeating unit of the polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester.
- the amount of the acid anhydride for catalytic imidization of the polyamic acid is 2 to 100 moles, preferably 6 to 60 moles per mole of the repeating unit of the polyamic acid. If the amount of the basic catalyst or acid anhydride is small, the reaction does not proceed sufficiently. If the amount is too large, it becomes difficult to completely remove the reaction after completion of the reaction.
- Examples of the basic catalyst used for the catalytic imidation of polyamic acid include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine, etc. Among them, pyridine is preferable because it has an appropriate basicity for proceeding with the reaction. .
- Examples of the basic catalyst used for the catalytic imidation of the polyamic acid ester include triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine and the like, and triethylamine is particularly preferable because of its fast reaction.
- acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride and the like can be mentioned as acid anhydrides used for catalytic imidation of polyamic acid. Of these, use of acetic anhydride is preferred because purification after completion of the reaction is facilitated.
- an organic solvent if a polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester melt
- the imidization rate by catalytic imidation can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time.
- the polyimide can be purified by repeating the steps of dissolving the polyimide powder in an organic solvent and reprecipitating it 2 to 10 times. When the impurities cannot be removed by a single precipitation recovery operation, it is preferable to perform this purification step.
- the molecular weight of the polyimide is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2,000 to 200,000, more preferably 4,000 to 50,000 in terms of weight average molecular weight from the viewpoint of ease of handling and stability of characteristics when a film is formed. 000.
- the terminal of the polyimide or polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester used in the present invention may be modified.
- the terminal modification can be synthesized by adding an acid anhydride, a monoamine compound, an acid chloride compound, a monoisocyanate compound or the like when synthesizing a polyamic acid or a polyamic acid ester.
- the solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains (A) ⁇ -valerolactone, (B) ⁇ -butyrolactone, and (C) a compound represented by the following formula (c).
- R 1 and R 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an acetyl group.
- R 2 is an alkanediyl group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms.
- n is 1 or 2.
- R 1 and R 3 in the above formula (c) include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group and the like.
- R 2 include an ethylene group, a trimethylene group, and a propylene group.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the above formula (c) include ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, ethyl carbitol, butyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-ethoxy-2.
- the ⁇ -valerolactone of (A) is the linearity and dimensions of the coating film end. Since it contributes to stability, 20 to 75% by mass of the total solvent is preferable, and 20 to 70% by mass is more preferable. Since (B) ⁇ -butyrolactone contributes to dimensional stability, it is preferably 20 to 80% by mass, more preferably 20 to 70% by mass of the total solvent.
- the compound (C) is preferably 5 to 50% by mass of the total solvent, more preferably 5 to 40% by mass, and still more preferably 10 to 40% by mass.
- Specific preferred contents of (A), (B), and (C) are 20 to 75% by mass, more preferably 20 to 70% by mass, so that A) is 100% by weight as a whole.
- (B) is 20 to 75% by mass, more preferably 20 to 70% by mass
- (C) is selected from 5 to 60% by mass, more preferably 5 to 55% by mass.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may contain a solvent other than the above (A), (B), (C) (hereinafter also referred to as other solvent).
- solvents include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-diethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylcaprolactam 2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfone, 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolidinone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, and the like. Multiple types may be used in combination.
- the addition of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is preferable because the solubility of the polymer, the suppression of unevenness in the coating film surface, the linearity of the coating film edge, and the like are further improved.
- the content of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is preferably from 3 to 55% by weight, more preferably from 3 to 50% by weight, based on the entire solvent.
- the specific preferable oil content is such that the total content is 100% by weight, the content of (A) is 20 to 70% by mass, the content of (B) is 20 to 70% by mass, and the content of (C) Is preferably 5 to 55% by mass, and the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone content is preferably 3 to 55% by mass.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is a composition containing the above polymer and solvent, and the content (concentration) of the polymer is appropriately changed depending on the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film to be formed. However, from the viewpoint of forming a uniform and defect-free coating film, it is preferably 1 to 5% by mass, particularly preferably 2% to 4% by mass.
- the viscosity of the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably 5 to 20 mPa ⁇ s, particularly preferably 5 to 15 mPa ⁇ s, from the viewpoint of inkjet coating.
- the content of the solvent in the liquid crystal aligning agent is selected in consideration of the above viscosity, and is preferably 95 to 99% by mass, particularly preferably 96 to 98% by mass.
- a concentrated solution of the polymer may be prepared in advance and diluted when the liquid crystal aligning agent is used from the concentrated solution.
- the content of the solvent is higher than 99% by mass, the film thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film becomes too small to obtain a good liquid crystal alignment film, and when the content of the solvent is lower than 95% by mass, in the case of inkjet, Ejectability from the head is deteriorated.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention may contain various additives, such as a silane coupling agent and a crosslinking agent.
- the silane coupling agent is added for the purpose of improving the adhesion between the substrate on which the liquid crystal alignment agent is applied and the liquid crystal alignment film formed thereon.
- Existing silane coupling agents are added. If the addition amount of this silane coupling agent is too large, unreacted ones may adversely affect the liquid crystal orientation, and if it is too little, the effect on adhesion will not appear, so the solid content of the polymer 0.01 to 5.0% by weight is preferable, and 0.1 to 1.0% by weight is more preferable.
- an imidization accelerator may be added to the liquid crystal aligning agent in order to efficiently advance imidization of the polyamic acid and polyamic acid ester when the coating film is baked. Existing imidation accelerators are used.
- a liquid crystal aligning film can be obtained by applying the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention to a substrate, drying and baking.
- the substrate on which the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is applied is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, and a glass substrate, a silicon nitride substrate, an acrylic substrate, a polycarbonate substrate such as a polycarbonate substrate, or the like can be used. Among these, it is preferable from the viewpoint of simplification of the process to use a substrate on which an ITO electrode or the like for driving a liquid crystal is formed.
- an opaque material such as a silicon wafer can be used as long as only one substrate is used. In this case, a material that reflects light, such as aluminum, can also be used.
- a coating method of the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention a spin coating method, a printing method, or the like can be used, but an inkjet method is particularly preferable.
- an inkjet method is particularly preferable.
- an existing inkjet apparatus can be used, and existing conditions can be used for coating.
- the apparatus and conditions disclosed in International Publication WO2014-024885 are used.
- the drying and baking steps after the application of the liquid crystal aligning agent can be performed at any temperature and time, but usually 1 minute at 40 ° C. to 120 ° C. to sufficiently remove the contained organic solvent. Dry for ⁇ 10 minutes and then calcinate at 150 ° C. to 300 ° C. for 5 minutes to 120 minutes.
- the thickness of the coating film after baking is preferably 5 to 300 nm, more preferably 10 to 200 nm, since the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may be lowered if it is too thin.
- the obtained liquid crystal alignment film can be used for a liquid crystal display element after being subjected to alignment treatment by rubbing treatment, photo-alignment treatment, or the like, or without alignment treatment in vertical alignment applications.
- the liquid crystal display element is obtained by forming a liquid crystal cell by a known method using a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film.
- the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal cell is not particularly limited.
- a pair of substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed is preferably 1 to 30 ⁇ m in thickness with the liquid crystal alignment film surface inside, more preferably
- a method is generally used in which a spacer of 2 to 10 ⁇ m is placed and then the periphery is fixed with a sealant, and liquid crystal is injected and sealed.
- the method for enclosing the liquid crystal is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a vacuum method of injecting liquid crystal after reducing the pressure inside the produced liquid crystal cell, and a dropping method of sealing after dropping the liquid crystal.
- ⁇ Viscosity> The viscosity of the polymer solution was measured using an E-type viscometer TVE-22H (manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.) at a sample amount of 1.1 mL, cone rotor TE-1 (1 ° 34 ′, R24), and a temperature of 25 ° C. .
- the molecular weight of the polymer is measured by a GPC (normal temperature gel permeation chromatography) apparatus, and the number average molecular weight (hereinafter also referred to as Mn) and the weight average molecular weight (hereinafter also referred to as Mw) as polyethylene glycol and polyethylene oxide converted values. Calculated.
- GPC device manufactured by Shodex (GPC-101) Column: manufactured by Shodex (series of KD803 and KD805), column temperature: 50 ° C.
- N N-dimethylformamide (as additives, lithium bromide-hydrate (LiBr ⁇ H 2 O) 30 mmol / L, phosphoric acid / anhydrous crystals (o-phosphoric acid) 30 mmol / L, tetrahydrofuran) (THF) is 10 ml / L)
- flow rate 1.0 ml / min
- Standard sample for preparing calibration curve TSK standard polyethylene oxide (weight average molecular weight (Mw) of about 900,000, 150,000, 100,000, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation , 30,000), and polyethylene glycol manufactured by Polymer Laboratories (peak top molecular weight (Mp) of about 12,000, 4,000, 1,000).
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- Mp peak top molecular weight
- the measurement was performed by mixing four types of 900,000, 100,000, 12,000, and 1,000, and three types of 150,000, 30,000, and 4,000. Two samples of mixed samples are measured separately.
- JNM-ECA500 JNM-ECA500
- Imidization rate (%) (1 ⁇ ⁇ x / y) ⁇ 100
- x is a proton peak integrated value derived from NH group of polyamic acid
- y is a reference proton peak integrated value
- ⁇ is a reference for one NH group proton of polyamic acid in the case of polyamic acid (imidation rate is 0%). The number ratio of protons.
- the solution was poured into 19103 ml of isopropanol while stirring, and the precipitated white precipitate was collected by filtration, then washed using 9551 ml of isopropanol in 5 portions, and dried to obtain white polyamic acid ester resin powder ( PWD-1) was obtained.
- the polyamic acid ester resin powder (PWD-1) obtained above was dissolved in GBL to obtain a polyamic acid ester solution (PAE-1) having a solid concentration of 10% by mass.
- polyimide resin powder obtained above was dissolved in GBL to obtain a polyimide solution (SPI-1) having a solid content concentration of 10% by mass.
- a polyamic acid solution (PAA-2) of 16% by mass and NMP / GBL 2/8 was obtained.
- the viscosity of this polyamic acid solution at a temperature of 25 ° C. was 380.5 mPa ⁇ s.
- Example 1 10. Into a 200 ml sample tube containing a stir bar, 10.4 g of the polyamic acid ester solution (PAE-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 and the polyamic acid solution (PAA-2) obtained in Synthesis Example 4 Weighed 8 g, added 3.2 g of NMP, 47.4 g of GBL, 19.5 g of GVL, and 9.7 g of BCA, and stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (A-1). .
- PAE-1 polyamic acid ester solution
- Example 2 10.4 g of the polyamic acid ester solution (PAE-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 and 9% of the polyamic acid solution (PAA-2) obtained in Synthesis Example 4 were placed in a 200 ml sample tube containing a stir bar. 0.8 g, NMP 3.2 g, GBL 27.0 g, GVL 40.0 g, and BCA 9.7 g were added and stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (A-2). .
- Example 3 10.4 g of the polyamic acid ester solution (PAE-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 and 9% of the polyamic acid solution (PAA-2) obtained in Synthesis Example 4 were placed in a 200 ml sample tube containing a stir bar. 0.8 g, NMP 2.3 g, GBL 7.5 g, GVL 60.4 g, and BCA 9.7 g were added and stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (A-3). .
- Example 5 In a 200 ml sample tube containing a stir bar, 26.0 g of the polyimide solution (SPI-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 3, 4.9 g of NMP, 39.9 g of GBL, 19.5 g of GVL, and 9.7 g of BCA was added and stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (A-5).
- Example 6 In a 200 ml sample tube containing a stir bar, 26.0 g of the polyamic acid ester solution (PAE-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was taken, 44.8 g of GBL, 19.5 g of GVL, and 9.9 of BCA. 7 g was added and stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (A-6).
- PAE-1 polyamic acid ester solution obtained in Synthesis Example 1
- Example 7 In a 200 ml sample tube containing a stirrer, 10.4 g of the polyamic acid ester solution (PAE-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 and 9.8 g of the polyamic acid solution (PAA-2) obtained in Synthesis Example 4 were used. Weighed and added 1.6 g of NMP, 1.6 g of NEP, 47.4 g of GBL, 19.5 g of GVL, and 9.7 g of BCA, and stirred for 30 minutes with a magnetic stirrer, liquid crystal aligning agent (A-7) Got.
- PAE-1 polyamic acid ester solution
- PAA-2 polyamic acid solution obtained in Synthesis Example 4
- Example 8 In a 200 ml sample tube containing a stirrer, 10.4 g of the polyamic acid ester solution (PAE-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 and 9.8 g of the polyamic acid solution (PAA-2) obtained in Synthesis Example 4 were used. Weigh out, add 3.2 g of NMP, 47.4 g of GBL, 19.5 g of GVL, 4.9 g of BCA, and 4.9 g of PB, and stir with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes. Liquid crystal aligning agent (A-8) Got.
- Inkjet coating device HIS-200-1H (manufactured by Hitachi Plant Technology)
- Application conditions resolution 15 ⁇ m, stage speed 40 mm / sec, frequency 2000 Hz, pulse width 9.6 ⁇ sec, droplet volume 42 pl, pitch width 80 ⁇ m, pitch length 141 ⁇ m, applied voltage: 15 V, nozzle gap 0.5 mm
- Substrate A glass substrate with a size of 100 mm in length ⁇ 100 mm in width and with an ITO electrode on the entire surface of one side
- Application area Application on a rectangular area with a set dimension of 72 mm in length ⁇ 80 mm in width on the ITO electrode surface of the substrate Drying time until drying: 60 seconds
- Pre-drying 45 ° C / 2 minutes (hot plate)
- Main firing 230 ° C./30 minutes (IR oven)
- ⁇ In-plane uniformity evaluation method> The in-plane surface of the coating film obtained above was observed visually and with an optical microscope, and “A”, a microscope that had no in-plane unevenness, linear unevenness, film thickness unevenness, etc. “B” indicates that the above-mentioned unevenness can be visually recognized by observation or visual observation.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the liquid crystal aligning agents obtained in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can provide a highly reliable liquid crystal display element in which defects such as display unevenness are suppressed, TN, STN, IPS, FFS, VA (MVA (Multi domain Vertical Alignment), optical vertical alignment) , PSA (including Polymer Sustained Alignment), etc.) and other liquid crystal display elements having a driving mode.
- defects such as display unevenness are suppressed, TN, STN, IPS, FFS, VA (MVA (Multi domain Vertical Alignment), optical vertical alignment) , PSA (including Polymer Sustained Alignment), etc.
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Abstract
Description
従来、液晶配向剤の塗布方法としてはフレキソ印刷法が主流であったが、近年では、コストメリットなどの観点からインクジェット法の採用が次第に増えてきている。しかし、インクジェット法で塗布して得られる液晶配向膜は、塗布面内の膜厚均一性と塗布端部の形状制御とがトレードオフの関係にあった。
1.ポリアミック酸、ポリアミック酸エステル、及びポリイミドよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の重合体と、溶剤とを含有する液晶配向剤であって、前記溶剤は、(A)γ-バレロラクトンと、(B)γ-ブチロラクトンと、(C)下記式(c)で表される化合物と、を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
3.溶剤全体に対して、(A)の含有量が20~75質量%、(B)の含有量が20~75質量%、(C)の含有量が5~60質量%である、上記1に記載の液晶配向剤。
4.溶剤が、更にN-メチル-2-ピロリドンを含有する上記1に記載の液晶配向剤。
6.重合体の含有量が、1~5質量%である上記1~5のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
7.インクジェット法により基板へ塗布されるための上記1~6のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
8.上記1~7のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜。
9.上記1~6のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤をインクジェット法により塗布する液晶配向膜の製造方法。
10.上記8に記載の液晶配向膜を備えた液晶表示素子。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、ポリアミック酸、ポリアミック酸エステル、及びポリイミドよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の重合体を含有する。これら重合体の構造は、液晶配向膜として使用できるものであれば特に限定されない。また、これらの重合体は、本発明の液晶配向剤中に1種類であってもよく、複数種が混合されていてもよい。
なお、上記式(1)の2個のRが共に水素原子である繰り返し単位からなる重合体はポリアミック酸であり、このポリアミック酸中のRの少なくとも一部が1価の有機基である重合体はポリアミック酸エステルである。また、ORの少なくとも一部とこのORに対応するAが脱離し分子内縮合してイミド環を形成している重合体はポリイミドである。
ポリアミック酸は、テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミンとの反応によって得ることができる。例えば、前記式(1)の2個のRが共に水素原子である繰り返し単位からなるポリアミック酸は、下記式(2)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物と式(3)で表されるジアミンとの反応によって得ることができる。式(2)のX、および式(3)のYとAは、それぞれ前記式(1)中の定義と同じである。
上記の反応に用いる有機溶媒は、モノマー及びポリマーの溶解性からN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、又はγ-ブチロラクトンが好ましく、これらは1種又は2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。反応系におけるポリマーの濃度は、ポリマーの析出が起こりにくく、かつ高分子量体が得やすいという観点から、1~30質量%が好ましく、5~20質量%がより好ましい。
(1)ポリアミック酸から合成する場合
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミンから得られるポリアミック酸をエステル化することによって合成することができる。
具体的には、ポリアミック酸とエステル化剤を有機溶媒の存在下で-20℃~150℃、好ましくは0℃~50℃において、30分~24時間、好ましくは1~4時間反応させることによって合成することができる。
エステル化剤としては、精製によって容易に除去できるものが好ましく、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドジメチルアセタール、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドジエチルアセタール、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドジプロピルアセタール、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドジネオペンチルブチルアセタール、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドジ-t-ブチルアセタール、1-メチル-3-p-トリルトリアゼン、1-エチル-3-p-トリルトリアゼン、1-プロピル-3-p-トリルトリアゼン、4-(4,6-ジメトキシ-1,3,5-トリアジンー2-イル)-4-メチルモルホリニウムクロリドなどが挙げられる。エステル化剤の添加量は、ポリアミック酸の繰り返し単位1モルに対して、2~6モル当量が好ましい。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドとジアミンからも合成することができる。例えば、前記式(1)の2個のRが共に1価の有機基であるポリアミック酸エステルは、下記式(4)で表されるテトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドと、前記式(3)で表されるジアミンとの反応によって得ることができる。式(4)のRは前記式(1)中の定義と同じである。
前記塩基には、ピリジン、トリエチルアミン、4-ジメチルアミノピリジンなどが使用できるが、反応が穏和に進行するためにピリジンが好ましい。塩基の添加量は、除去が容易な量で、かつ高分子量体が得やすいという観点から、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドに対して、2~4倍モルであることが好ましい。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルとジアミンを重縮合することによっても合成することができる。例えば、式(1)の2個のRが共に1価の有機基であるポリアミック酸エステルは、下記式(5)で表されるテトラカルボン酸ジエステルと、前記式(3)で表されるジアミンとの反応によって得ることができる。なお、式(5)のRは前記式(1)中の定義と同じである。
前記縮合剤には、トリフェニルホスファイト、ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド、1-エチル-3-(3-ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド塩酸塩、N,N’-カルボニルジイミダゾール、ジメトキシ-1,3,5-トリアジニルメチルモルホリニウム、O-(ベンゾトリアゾール-1-イル)-N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチルウロニウム テトラフルオロボラート、O-(ベンゾトリアゾール-1-イル)-N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチルウロニウムヘキサフルオロホスファート、(2,3-ジヒドロ-2-チオキソ-3-ベンゾオキサゾリル)ホスホン酸ジフェニルなどが使用できる。縮合剤の添加量は、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルに対して2~3倍モルであることが好ましい。
また、上記反応において、ルイス酸を添加剤として加えることで反応が効率的に進行する。ルイス酸としては、塩化リチウム、臭化リチウムなどのハロゲン化リチウムが好ましい。ルイス酸の添加量はジアミン成分に対して0~1.0倍モルが好ましい。
得られるポリアミック酸エステルの溶液は、よく撹拌させながらポリマー難溶性溶媒(貧溶媒)に注入することで、ポリマーを析出させることができる。析出を数回行い、貧溶媒で洗浄後、常温あるいは加熱乾燥して精製されたポリアミック酸エステルの粉末を得ることができる。貧溶媒は、特に限定されないが、水、メタノール、エタノール、ヘキサン、ブチルセロソルブ、アセトン、トルエン等が挙げられる。
ポリアミック酸エステルの重量平均分子量は、好ましくは5,000~300,000であり、より好ましくは、10,000~200,000である。また、数平均分子量は、好ましくは、2,500~150,000であり、より好ましくは、5,000~100,000である。
ポリイミドは、上記のポリアミック酸又はポリアミック酸エステルをイミド化することによって得られる。かかるイミド化の方法としては、加熱による熱イミド化、又は触媒を使用する触媒イミド化が一般的である。比較的低温でイミド化反応が進行する触媒イミド化の方が、得られるポリイミドの分子量低下が起こりにくいので好ましい。
触媒イミド化は、有機溶媒中において、ポリアミック酸を塩基性触媒と酸無水物の存在下で攪拌するか、又はポリアミック酸エステルを塩基性触媒の存在下で攪拌することにより行うことができる。このときの反応温度は―20~250℃、好ましくは0~180℃である。ポリアミック酸の触媒イミド化においては、反応温度が高い方がイミド化は速く進行するが、高すぎるとポリイミドの分子量が低下する場合がある。塩基性触媒の量はポリアミック酸またはポリアミック酸エステルの繰り返し単位1モルに対して、1~60モル倍、好ましくは2~40モル倍である。ポリアミック酸を触媒イミド化するための酸無水物の量は、ポリアミック酸の繰り返し単位1モルに対して2~100モル倍、好ましくは6~60モル倍である。塩基性触媒や酸無水物の量が少ないと反応が十分に進行せず、また多すぎると反応終了後に完全に除去することが困難となる。
本発明で用いられるポリイミドまたはポリアミック酸またはポリアミック酸エステルの末端は修飾されていてもよい。末端修飾した重合体を用いることにより、溶解性や塗布性などを改善することができる。末端修飾は、ポリアミック酸またはポリアミック酸エステルを合成する際に、酸無水物、モノアミン化合物、酸クロリド化合物、モノイソシアネート化合物などを添加することで合成することができる。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含まれる溶剤は、(A)γ-バレロラクトンと、(B)γ-ブチロラクトンと、(C)下記式(c)で表される化合物、とを含有する。
(A)、(B)、及び(C)の具体的な好ましい含有量は、全体が100重量%になるように、A)が20~75質量%、より好ましくは20~70質量%であり、(B)が20~75質量%、より好ましくは20~70質量%であり、(C)が5~60質量%、より好ましくは5~55質量%から選ばれる。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、上記の重合体および溶剤を含有する組成物であり、重合体の含有量(濃度)は、形成させようとする液晶配向膜の厚みの設定によっても適宜変更することができるが、均一で欠陥のない塗膜を形成させるという点から、好ましくは1~5質量%であり、特に好ましくは2%~4質量%である。本発明の液晶配向剤の粘度はインクジェット塗布の点から、好ましくは、5~20mPa・sであり、特に好ましくは5~15mPa・sである。
液晶配向剤における溶媒の含有量は、上記の粘度を考慮して選択され、好ましくは95~99質量%であり、特に好ましくは96~98質量%である。この場合、予め、重合体の濃厚溶液を作製し、かかる濃厚溶液から液晶配向剤とする場合に希釈してもよい。溶媒の含有量が99質量%より高い場合、液晶配向膜の膜厚が小さくなり過ぎ良好な液晶配向膜を得ることができず、溶媒の含有量が95質量%より低い場合、インクジェットの際、ヘッドからの吐出性が悪くなる。
また、液晶配向剤には、塗膜を焼成する際にポリアミック酸、ポリアミック酸エステルのイミド化を効率よく進行させるために、イミド化促進剤を添加してもよい。イミド化促進剤としては既存のものが使用される。
本発明の液晶配向剤を基板に塗布し、乾燥、焼成することで液晶配向膜を得ることができる。本発明の液晶配向剤を塗布する基板としては透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス基板、窒化珪素基板、アクリル基板、ポリカーボネート基板等のプラスチック基板等を用いることができる。なかでも、液晶駆動のためのITO電極等が形成された基板を用いることがプロセスの簡素化の観点から好ましい。反射型の液晶表示素子では片側の基板のみにならばシリコンウエハー等の不透明な物でも使用でき、この場合の電極はアルミニウム等の光を反射する材料も使用できる。
液晶配向剤を塗布した後の乾燥、焼成工程は、任意の温度と時間を選択することができるが、通常は、含有される有機溶媒を十分に除去するために40℃~120℃で1分~10分乾燥させ、その後150℃~300℃で5分~120分焼成される。焼成後の塗膜の厚みは、薄すぎると液晶表示素子の信頼性が低下する場合があるので5~300nmが好ましく、より好ましくは10~200nmである。
得られた液晶配向膜は、ラビング処理や光配向処理などで配向処理をして、又は垂直配向用途などでは配向処理無しで、液晶表示素子に用いることができる。液晶表示素子は、液晶配向膜付き基板を用い、公知の方法で液晶セルを作製し、素子化したものである。
液晶セルの製造方法は特に限定されないが、一例を挙げるならば、液晶配向膜が形成された1対の基板を、液晶配向膜面を内側にして、厚みが好ましくは1~30μm、より好ましくは2~10μmのスペーサーを挟んで設置した後、周囲をシール剤で固定し、液晶を注入して封止する方法が一般的である。液晶封入の方法については特に制限されず、作製した液晶セル内を減圧にした後液晶を注入する真空法、液晶を滴下した後封止を行う滴下法などが例示できる。
<モノマー>
1,3DMCBDE-Cl:ジメチル1,3-ビス(クロロカルボニル)-1,3-ジメチルシクロブタンー2,4-ジカルボキシレート
BDA:1,2,3,4-ブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、
PMDA:ピロメリット酸無水物
DADPA:4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルアミン
Me-DADPA:N,N-ビス(アミノフェニル)-メチルアミン
DBA:3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸
p-PDA:p-フェニレンジアミン
TDA:4-(2,5-ジオキソテトラヒドロフランー3-イル)-1,2,3,4、-テトラヒドロナフタレン-1,2,-ジカルボン酸無水物
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、 BCS:ブチルセロソルブ
BCA:ブチルセロソルブアセテート、 GBL:γ-ブチロラクトン
GVL:γ-バレロラクトン、 DPM:ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル
NEP:N-エチル-2-ピロリドン、 PB:1-ブトキシ-2-プロパノール
重合体溶液の粘度は、E型粘度計TVE-22H(東機産業社製)を用い、サンプル量1.1mL、コーンロータTE-1(1°34’、R24)、温度25℃で測定した。
重合体の分子量はGPC(常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー)装置によって測定し、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレンオキシド換算値として数平均分子量(以下、Mnとも言う。)と重量平均分子量(以下、Mwとも言う。)を算出した。
GPC装置:Shodex社製(GPC-101)
カラム:Shodex社製(KD803、KD805の直列)、カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)、流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:東ソー社製、TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(重量平均分子量(Mw) 約900,000、150,000、100,000、30,000)、及び、ポリマーラボラトリー社製 ポリエチレングリコール(ピークトップ分子量(Mp)約12,000、4,000、1,000)。測定は、ピークが重なるのを避けるため、900,000、100,000、12,000、1,000の4種類を混合したサンプル、及び150,000、30,000、4,000の3種類を混合したサンプルの2サンプルを別々に測定。
ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMRサンプル管に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6及び0.05質量%TMS(テトラメチルシラン)混合品)0.53mLを添加し、完全に溶解させた。この溶液を日本電子データム社製のNMR測定器(JNM-ECA500)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。
イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンピークを基準ピークとして用い、次式によって求めた。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
上記式中、xはポリアミック酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値、yは基準プロトンピーク積算値、αはポリアミック酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるポリアミック酸のNH基プロトン一個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの10L(リットル)のセパラブルフラスコに、p-フェニレンジアミンを114.59g(1.06mol)及びDA-Aを44.68g(0.12mol)計り取り、NMPを2972g及びピリジン210.1g(2.66mol)加えて溶解させた。次に、この溶液を撹拌しながら1,3DMCBDE-Clを359.85、(1.11mol)を添加し、水冷下で4時間反応させた。得られたポリアミド酸溶液に500gのGBLを入れ希釈した。この溶液を19103mlのイソプロパノールに撹拌しながら投入し、析出した白色沈殿をろ取し、続いて9551mlのイソプロパノールを5回に分けて使って洗浄し、乾燥することで白色のポリアミド酸エステル樹脂粉末(PWD-1)を得た。このポリアミド酸エステルの分子量はMn=5,182であり、Mw=30,115であった。
上記で得られたポリアミド酸エステル樹脂粉末(PWD-1)をGBLに溶解させ、固形分濃度10質量%のポリアミド酸エステル溶液(PAE-1)を得た。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの100mLの四つ口フラスコに、p-フェニレンジアミンを1.30g(12.0mmol)及びDA-Bを3.01g(7.99mmol)計り取り、NMPを36.72g、GBLを29.38g加えて、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながらTDAを5.70g(19.0mmol)添加し、更に固形分濃度が12重量%になるようにNMPを加え、室温で24時間撹拌してポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-1)を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液の温度25℃における粘度は285mPa・sであった。また、このポリアミック酸の分子量はMn=8,042、Mw=18,958であった。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの100mlの四つ口フラスコに得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-1)を50g取り、NMPを16.67g加え、30分撹拌した。次いで、無水酢酸を3.86g、ピリジンを1.0g加えて、60℃で3時間加熱し、化学イミド化を行った。得られた反応液を321mlのメタノールに撹拌しながら投入し、析出した沈殿物をろ取し、続いて321mlのメタノールを3回に分けて使って洗浄した。得られた樹脂粉末を60℃で12時間乾燥することで、ポリイミド樹脂粉末を得た。このポリイミド樹脂粉末のイミド化率は86%、分子量はMn=6,920、Mw=12,721であった。
上記で得られたポリイミド樹脂粉末をGBLに溶解させ、固形分濃度10質量%のポリイミド溶液(SPI-1)を得た。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの200mLの四つ口フラスコに、DBAを1.10g(7.2mmol)及びMe-DADPAを6.14g(28.8mmol)計り取り、NMPを15.0g,GBLを42.0g加えて、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながらBDAを6.42g(32.4mmol),PMDAを0.62g(2.8mmol)添加し、更にGBLを18.0g加え、室温で24時間撹拌して、固形分濃度16質量%、NMP/GBL=2/8のポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-2)を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液の温度25℃における粘度は380.5mPa・sであった。また、得られたポリアミック酸の分子量はMn=7,048、Mw=16,664であった。
撹拌子を入れた200mlのサンプル管に、合成例1で得られたポリアミド酸エステル溶液(PAE-1)を10.4g及び合成例4で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-2)を9.8g計り取り、NMPを3.2g、及びGBLを47.4g、GVLを19.5g、及びBCAを9.7g加えてマグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(A-1)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた200mlのサンプル管に、合成例1で得られたポリアミド酸エステル溶液(PAE-1)を10.4g、及び合成例4で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-2)を9.8g計り取り、NMPを3.2g、GBLを27.0g、GVLを40.0g、及びBCAを9.7g加えてマグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(A-2)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた200mlのサンプル管に、合成例1で得られたポリアミド酸エステル溶液(PAE-1)を10.4g、及び合成例4で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-2)を9.8g計り取り、NMPを2.3g、GBLを7.5g、GVLを60.4g、及びBCAを9.7g加えてマグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(A-3)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた200mlのサンプル管に、合成例1で得られたポリアミド酸エステル溶液(PAE-1)を10.4g、及び合成例4で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-2)を9.8g計り取り、NMPを2.3g、GBLを32.8g、GVLを19.5g、及びBCSを25.3g加えてマグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(A-4)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた200mlのサンプル管に、合成例3で得られたポリイミド溶液(SPI-1)を26.0g、NMPを4.9g、及びGBLを39.9g、GVLを19.5g、及びBCAを9.7g加えてマグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(A-5)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた200mlのサンプル管に、合成例1で得られたポリアミド酸エステル溶液(PAE-1)を26.0g取り、GBLを44.8g、GVLを19.5g、及びBCAを9.7g加えてマグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(A-6)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた200mlサンプル管に、合成例1で得られたポリアミド酸エステル溶液(PAE-1)を10.4g、合成例4で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-2)を9.8g計り取り、NMPを1.6g、NEPを1.6g、GBLを47.4g、GVLを19.5g、BCAを9.7g加えてマグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(A-7)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた200mlサンプル管に、合成例1で得られたポリアミド酸エステル溶液(PAE-1)を10.4g、合成例4で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-2)を9.8g計り取り、NMPを3.2g、GBLを47.4g、GVLを19.5g、BCAを4.9g、PBを4.9g加えてマグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(A-8)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた200mlのサンプル管に、合成例1で得られたポリアミド酸エステル樹脂粉末(PWD-1)を2.6g計り取り、GVLを87.7g及びBCSを9.7g加え、マグネチックスターラーで撹拌することで溶解させて液晶配向剤(B-1)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた200mlのサンプル管に、合成例1で得られたポリアミド酸エステル溶液(PAE-1)を10.4g、及び合成例4で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-2)を9.8g計り取り、NMPを3.2g、GBLを66.9g、及びBCSを9.7g加えてマグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(B-2)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた200mlのサンプル管に、合成例1で得られたポリアミド酸エステル溶液(PAE-1)を10.4g、及び合成例4で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-2)を9.8g及び取り、NMPを3.2g、GBLを71.5g、及びDPMを4.9g加えてマグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(B-3)を得た。
液晶配向剤を孔径が1.0μmのメンブランフィルターでろ過した後、下記する装置及び条件でインクジェット法により基板への塗布し、次いで、下記する予備乾燥及び本焼成を行って塗膜を形成した。
インクジェット塗布装置:HIS-200-1H(日立プラントテクノロジー社製)
塗布条件:分解能15μm、ステージ速度40mm/sec、周波数2000Hz、パルス幅9.6μsec、液滴量42pl、ピッチ幅80μm、ピッチ長141μm、印加電圧:15V、ノズルギャップ0.5mm
基板:サイズが縦100mm×横100mmの板状で、片側全面にITO電極付きのガラス基板
塗布面積:基板のITO電極面に設定寸法が縦72mm×横80mmの長方形の面積に塗布
塗布終了から予備乾燥までの放置時間:60秒
予備乾燥:45℃/2分(ホットプレート)
本焼成:230℃/30分(IRオーブン)
上記で得られた塗膜の縦幅と横幅をノギスで計測し、設定寸法である縦100mm×横72×80mmからの差を求め、その平均値を「拡大幅」として算出した。
上記で得られた塗膜の面内を目視および光学顕微鏡により観察し、ユズ肌状のムラ、線状のムラ、膜厚ムラなどが無く面内が均一であったものを「A」、顕微鏡観察または目視観察により前記のようなムラが視認できるものを「B」とした。
上記で得られた塗膜の端部を光学顕微鏡で観察し、塗膜端部の形状が直線状のものを「A」、塗膜端部の形状が蛇行しているものを「B」とした。
なお、2015年2月12日に出願された日本特許出願2015-025606号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面、及び要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (10)
- (A)の含有量が溶剤全体の20~75質量%である、請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 溶剤全体に対して、(A)の含有量が20~75質量%、(B)の含有量が20~75質量%、(C)の含有量が5~60質量%である、請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 溶剤が、更にN-メチル-2-ピロリドンを含有する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 溶剤全体に対して、(A)の含有量が20~70質量%、(B)の含有量が20~70質量%、(C)の含有量が5~55質量%、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンの含有量が3~55質量%である、請求項4に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 重合体の含有量が、1~5質量%である請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- インクジェット法により基板へ塗布されるための請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤をインクジェット法により塗布する液晶配向膜の製造方法。
- 請求項8に記載の液晶配向膜を備えた液晶表示素子。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20200037216A (ko) * | 2017-07-28 | 2020-04-08 | 닛산 가가쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 액정 배향제, 액정 배향막 및 액정 표시 소자 |
| JP2020184066A (ja) * | 2019-04-26 | 2020-11-12 | Jnc株式会社 | 光配向用液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、および液晶表示素子 |
| WO2021106979A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-06-03 | 日産化学株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
| WO2023276093A1 (ja) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-01-05 | 昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社 | 樹脂組成物、半導体装置の製造方法 |
| WO2023032753A1 (ja) * | 2021-09-01 | 2023-03-09 | 日産化学株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 |
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| US8304031B2 (en) * | 2007-08-21 | 2012-11-06 | Jsr Corporation | Liquid crystal aligning agent, liquid crystal alignment film and liquid crystal display device |
| JP5577591B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-27 | 2014-08-27 | Jnc株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
| KR101818787B1 (ko) * | 2010-03-15 | 2018-01-15 | 닛산 가가쿠 고교 가부시키 가이샤 | 폴리아믹산에스테르 액정 배향제 및 그것을 사용한 액정 배향막 |
| US20150056367A1 (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2015-02-26 | Soki Corporation | Composition for forming liquid crystal alignment film and liquid crystal display element |
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| JP2002338685A (ja) * | 2001-05-21 | 2002-11-27 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | ポリイミド組成物およびその製造方法 |
| JP2005325332A (ja) * | 2004-01-09 | 2005-11-24 | E I Du Pont De Nemours & Co | 水分収着耐性を有するポリイミド組成物およびそれに関連する方法 |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20200037216A (ko) * | 2017-07-28 | 2020-04-08 | 닛산 가가쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 액정 배향제, 액정 배향막 및 액정 표시 소자 |
| JPWO2019022215A1 (ja) * | 2017-07-28 | 2020-05-28 | 日産化学株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
| JP7163920B2 (ja) | 2017-07-28 | 2022-11-01 | 日産化学株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
| KR102514165B1 (ko) | 2017-07-28 | 2023-03-24 | 닛산 가가쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 액정 배향제, 액정 배향막 및 액정 표시 소자 |
| JP2020184066A (ja) * | 2019-04-26 | 2020-11-12 | Jnc株式会社 | 光配向用液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、および液晶表示素子 |
| JP7494537B2 (ja) | 2019-04-26 | 2024-06-04 | Jnc株式会社 | 光配向用液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、および液晶表示素子 |
| WO2021106979A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-06-03 | 日産化学株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
| JP7620264B2 (ja) | 2019-11-26 | 2025-01-23 | 日産化学株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
| WO2023276093A1 (ja) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-01-05 | 昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社 | 樹脂組成物、半導体装置の製造方法 |
| WO2023032753A1 (ja) * | 2021-09-01 | 2023-03-09 | 日産化学株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 |
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| TW201700610A (zh) | 2017-01-01 |
| CN107209424A (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
| CN107209424B (zh) | 2021-01-19 |
| KR20170117033A (ko) | 2017-10-20 |
| JP6597645B2 (ja) | 2019-10-30 |
| JPWO2016129506A1 (ja) | 2017-11-24 |
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