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WO2016124353A1 - Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé - Google Patents

Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016124353A1
WO2016124353A1 PCT/EP2016/050273 EP2016050273W WO2016124353A1 WO 2016124353 A1 WO2016124353 A1 WO 2016124353A1 EP 2016050273 W EP2016050273 W EP 2016050273W WO 2016124353 A1 WO2016124353 A1 WO 2016124353A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat transfer
transfer means
heat exchanger
chamber
exchanger according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2016/050273
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Damian Goral
Klaus-Dieter Pohl
Oguzhan Narin
Peter Blättermann
Peter Koch
Hans Piechura
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Doosan Lentjes GmbH
Original Assignee
Doosan Lentjes GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Doosan Lentjes GmbH filed Critical Doosan Lentjes GmbH
Priority to US15/513,404 priority Critical patent/US20170299173A1/en
Priority to CN201680003150.5A priority patent/CN106796026A/zh
Publication of WO2016124353A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016124353A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M9/00—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields
    • F23M9/10—Baffles or deflectors formed as tubes, e.g. in water-tube boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a so-called Fiuidized Bed Heat Exchanger (FBHE) of a Circulating Fiuidized Bed Apparatus (CFBA).
  • FBHE Fiuidized Bed Heat Exchanger
  • CFBA Circulating Fiuidized Bed Apparatus
  • CFBR Circulating Fiuidized Bed Reactor
  • incineration charge mostly including a fuei-like material such as coal. This gives the fuel material and other components within the fluidized bed the behaviour of a boiling liquid.
  • the aerated particulate material/fuel mixture allows to promote the incineration process and effect! vity.
  • the incineration charge is fluidized by the air/gas, often blown in via nozzles.
  • the fluidized bed comprises a so-called denseboard area above said grate and adjacent to the said permeable reactor bottom, while the density of the particulate material within the fluidized bed gets less within the upper part of the reactor space, also called the freeboard area of * the fluidized bed.
  • the reaction chamber is often limited by outer water tube walls, made of tubes, through which water runs, wherein said tubes are either welded directly to each other to give a wail structure or with fins/ribs between parallel running tube sections.
  • the CFBR typically has at least one outlet port at its upper end, wherein said outlet port allows the mixture of gas and solid particles exhausted from the reactor, to flow into at least one associated separator.
  • the separator for example a cyclone separator, serves to separate solid particles (the particulate material, including ash) from said gas.
  • a typical design of such a separator is disclosed in US 4,615,715. Again the outer walls of the separator can be designed with hollow spaces to allow water flowing through.
  • FBHE Fluidized Bed Heat Exchanger
  • These means may be ducts/pipes/channels or the like .
  • FBHE Fluidized Bed Heat Exchanger
  • the FBHE is equipped with at least one inlet port and at least one
  • Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor CFBR Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor
  • the invention starts from an FBHE with a chamber, comprising at. least one solid particles inlet port, at l east one solid particles outlet port, arranged at a di stance to the at least one inl et port, means for introdu cing a fluidizing gas from a bottom area of said cham ber into said c ham ber and at least ne h eat transfer means arranged within said cham ber.
  • the invention encompasses three structural elements, namely
  • the heat transfer means extend in a vertically lower part of the FBHE chamber and
  • each heat transfer means in the particles flow direction may best be realized by a wall like structure (a substantially flat and compact design of an individual heat transfer means).
  • channels like "cavities/gaps" are arranged between adjacent heat transfer- means, which channels extending as well in the flow/transport direction of the solid particles from the chamber entrance towards the outlet area (outlet port) of the chamber.
  • the overall design of this part of the FBHE is similar to a chamber, divided by intermediate walls into compartments, all extending substantially linear betwe n inlet and outlet ports of the FBHE.
  • wall like does not only refer to a cubic design with fiat surfaces but the overall volume which the respective heat transfer means take.
  • Tube sections may extend in different directions along two axis of the coordinate system (within the same plane),
  • This design allows the solid particles within the fliiidized bed to flow through said spaces/channels between adjacent discrete heat transfer means, namely within said spaces (channels) formed between, adjacent heat transfer means, although the material may penetrate the heat transfer means (for example in case of a heat transfer means made of one or more meandering tubes), but to much less extent than in the main flow direction.
  • the wall like pattern comprises a net-like structure. This allows the solid particles to flow in all directions of the coordinate system but keeps the main transport direction towards the outlet port.
  • the heat transfer means is designed as a heat exchange tube for
  • Heat transfer means are arranged at a distance to each other, forming a set/group of heat transfer means, This gives a package/set of heat transfer means, extending through of the chamber volume.
  • Heat transfer means extend about 50-90% of the chamber height, starting from or close to the chamber bottom,
  • Heat transfer means extend about less than 80% of the chamber height.
  • the heat transfer means may act as a reheater or superheater to reheat or overheat (superheat) the transport medium within said means (tubes).
  • the fluid, flowing through said heat exchange tubes may be steam, for example a steam, of 300 degrees C to 650 degrees C and/or 80bar to 300bar.
  • heat exchange tubes may be connected to a central (common) feeding tube.
  • the at least one baffle extends in an upper part of the FBHE chamber, and substantially perpendicular to the heat transfer means,
  • the baffie(s) extend substantially perpendicular to a straight line between inlet port and outlet port and substantially vertical .
  • This at l east one baffle does not influence the flow of the solid particles within the p art of the FBHE equipped with the heat transfer means as it i s arranged above said heat transfer means and only serves to redirect the incoming solid particle stream (downwardly) and to equalize the pressure above the fl uidized bed and along the hori zontal cross section of the chamber, in particular, if provided with opening(s) .
  • the baffles have the function of separation walls and avoid short circuits of the sol id material flow (directly from the inlet port to the outlet port). They urge the solid particle stream to penetrate into the heat transfer zone between the heat transfer means (the channels mentioned above) .
  • Each baffle can be made of one or m o re pipes thro ugh which a flu id (like water) flows .
  • At least one baffle extends between opposite walls of the chamber to improve the describe effect.
  • At least one baffle has at least one opening to allow pressure
  • At least one baffle is at least partially water-cooled.
  • At least one baffle may be used as an evaporator or a so-called
  • At least one baffle is made of pressure pipes to transport a fluid-like water of 270 degrees C to 400 degrees C at 90bar to 320bar.
  • These pressure pipes may be connected to a central (larger) feeding line.
  • This central feeding line may be used to supply water to further baffles.
  • At least one baffle is designed as a curtain.
  • the curtain defines a baffle with numerous small discrete openings or slits which allo pressure equalization but avoids penetration of the solid particles to great extent.
  • baffles are arranged at a distance to each other along said line between inlet port and outlet port, i.e. at different distances to the inlet port.
  • the invention furth r provides a structural connection of said heat transfer means with said baffie(s). i.e. some kind of a coupling to
  • extensions may be bars, posts etc but preferably fluid transport means like tubes/pipes, allowing to increase the overall heat exchange surface at the same time, if water/steam flows through these extension pipes/tubes, which may be fluidiy connected to any of the tubes of the heat transfer tubes and/or the baffles pipes, insofar the extensions may be regarded as part of the baffle installation and/or as part of the heat transfer means, both in a
  • thermotechnicai sense The extensions may have a small cross section as they extend within the space between adjacent heat transfer means and should avoid any unfavorable slowdown of the solid material flowing there through. Insofar the (horizontal) cross section (corresponding to the flow through area of the fluid) should be less than 50%, better ⁇ 40%, ⁇ 30%, ⁇ 20% or even ⁇ 10%> of the horizontal distance between corresponding adjacent heat transfer means.
  • connections/couplings may be realized by any conventional clamping mechanism as known to the skilled person from other applications.
  • These clamping means may by hooks, brackets, clips, clamps, braces or the like.
  • the chamber wails can be as well at. least partially water-cooled. They can be made of pressure tubes, optionally with fins between adjacent pressure tubes and connected to the baffles pipes and/or any central feeding line as mentioned before. Insofar the chamber walls may as well be used to transport warm water (270-400°C) of high pressure (90- 320bar).
  • warm water 270-400°C
  • high pressure 90- 320bar
  • Figure 1 discloses the general concept of a fluidized bed apparatus and its main components according to the present invention. it comprises:
  • a circulating fluidized bed reactor (CFBR) 10. its lower part comprises a grate-like structure ! 2 through which air (arrow Al) is blown into a - ⁇ -
  • reactor chamber 14 via (not shown) nozzles, thus providing a fluid ized bed (denseboard. - DB - ) above said grate 12, wherein said denseboard comprises a particulate material like coal, wood etc. to be burnt.
  • the CFBR has two outlet ports 16 at opposite sides of its upper part, allowing a mixture of gas and solid particles exhausted from the CFBR to flow into associated separators 18, namely cyclone separators.
  • the separators serve to separate solid particles from the gas.
  • Transfer means 20 designed as ducts, extend, from the lower end of each separator 18 downwardly and into an. inlet port 22 along the ceiling 24c of a fluidized bed heat exchanger (FBHE) 24.
  • FBHE fluidized bed heat exchanger
  • a syphon-like tube construction 26 (U-shaped) extends from the lower end of each separator 18 into reactor chamber 14 and enters into chamber 14 shortly above grate 1.2 of said CFBR,
  • the FBHE is equipped with (plate-like) heat transfer means 28 and an outlet port 30 merging into reactor chamber 14 at the same vertical height as tube construction 26.
  • the invention includes one or more of the following features:
  • the fluidized bed heat exchanger 24 displays an Inlet port 22 at its upper end (in Figure 2; top left) and an outlet port 30 at its upper end (in Figure 2: top right), i. e. opposite to each other.
  • Said outlet port 30 provides return means for solid particles which are further transported along a transfer duct into chamber 14, ⁇ common wall 14w of chamber 14 and FBHE 24 is also displayed,
  • Outlet port 30 comprises multiple flow through openings, arranged in a horizontal row with a distan.ce to each other along a corresponding wall section of said wall 14w.
  • Said wall 14w is water-cooled, namely constructed of vertically extending tubes with fins running between adjacent tubes.
  • the tubes are cooled by water fed through said tubes.
  • the through holes having the function of discrete outlet ports are shown in Figure 2 in a slightly inclined orientation, with a lower end towards the fluidized bed heat exchanger 24 and a higher end towards the fluidized bed reactor chamber 14.
  • This inclined orientation can be provided as part of a 3-dimensional profile (for example as a convexity 14w') of said wall 14w towards the inner space/chamber of the fluidized bed heat exchanger 24 as shown in dotted lines in Figure 2 and characterized by numeral 30 ' .
  • FIGs 2 to 4 display the design and construction of a type of heat transfer means 28 within the fluidized bed heat exchanger 24. In Figure 2 only one of said heat transfer means is shown. Further heat transfer means of equal design are placed at a distance to each other within FBFIE 24 (perpendicular to the plane of projection), as schematically shown in Fig.4,
  • each of said means 28 is designed in a wall-like pattern and extending substantially parallel to the main flow direction of the solid particles on their way to and through the outlet port 30, symbolized in Figure 2 by arrow S.
  • All tubes 28 are connected to the same feeding line 42 and outlet line 44.
  • the meandering tubes not only give the heat transfer means 28 a wall-like pattern but as well a grate-dike structure to allow the particulate material to pass through as well in another horizontal direction, although to much less extent,
  • the horizontally extending sections of said tubes are about ten times longer than the vertically extending sections ( Figure 2 is not drawn to scale).
  • Adjacent horizontal sections extent to a distance to each other being about the tube diameter.
  • each of said wall-like heat transfer means 28 extends from slightly above bottom 24b (or more precisely; from slightly above air nozzles 46, arranged in said bottom 24b, see Fig. 2) to slightly below inlet port 22 and from slightly off wall 14w to slightly off opposite wall 24w.
  • the particul ate material may take a direct way from the inlet port 22 to the outlet port 30 (see arrow S) along the channels/gaps C formed between adj acent tubes (heat transfer means), as may be seen, in Figure 3.
  • Fluidization of the particulate material within FBH E 24 is achieved by said air nozzles 46 in the bottom area 24b.
  • the particulate material is circulated by said purging means within FBHE 24 in order to optimize heat transfer from, the hot solid parti cles P into the steam flowing within tube like heat transfer means 28 at a temperature of typically 300 ⁇ 625°C and a pressure of between 80 and 3 G0bar.
  • the embodiment displayed further includes two baffles 50, 52 , which extent from DC l ing 24c downwardly, end i ng shortly above heat transfer means 28.
  • These baffles 50, 52 extend substantially perpendicular to a straight line between inlet port 22 and outlet port 30 (dotted l ine L), i .e .
  • Both baffles 50, 52 extend between opposite walls of FBHE 24 (only one, namely 24s is shown), being the walls bridging said wails 14w, 24w.
  • the baffles 50 , 52 are arranged at a distance to each other.
  • Each of said baffl es 50, 52 compri se one opening O (see Fig. 4) to allow pressure adj ustment (equal ization) with in the inner space of FBHE 24.
  • the said baffle(s) 50, 52 are further designed like a curtain, made of pipes, through which water of 270-374°C at 90-320bar is fed .
  • the baffl es 50, 52 urge the particulate material, flowing into chamber 1 0 vi a inlet port 22 , to move downwardly (see arrow S) at baffle 50 and then to flow through said channels C ( Figures 3 ,4) between adj acent heat transfer means 28 on their way between inlet port 22 and outlet port 30.
  • Fig . 4 shown the meandering wall like structure of heat transfer means (tubes) 28 , again only schematically for better il lustration.
  • heat transfer means tubes
  • Fig.4, 5 further display pipe-like extensions E, extending from, the respective baffle 50 ,52 downwardly and into the spaces C between adj acent heat transfer means 28.
  • the extensions E are in fluid communi cation with a central feeding line CFL to which press ure pipes PP are connected, which define the
  • Each baffl e 50, 52 is made of one or more of such pressure pipes PP, arranged similarly as the heat exchange tubes ET of heat transfer means 28 to al low water of 270-400°C and 90 ⁇ 32( ) bar pressure passing there through,
  • Each bracket/coupling B has a beam-like design with 3 openings through which 2 correspondi ng tube s ections of a heat exchange tube ET arid one section of a corresponding pipe extension E extend.
  • the said brackets B are m ade of steel half shelves, l aid around the corresponding pipe/tube and then closed by a screw, bolt, clamp or the like.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé, comprenant une chambre (24), comprenant au moins un orifice d'entrée (22) de particules solides, au moins un orifice de sortie de particules solides (30), disposé à une certaine distance dudit ou desdits orifices d'entrée (22), un moyen (46) pour l'introduction dans ladite chambre (24) d'un gaz de fluidisation à partir d'une zone de fond (24b) de ladite chambre (24), des moyens de transfert de chaleur de type paroi (28) dans sa partie inférieure, s'étendant dans une direction de circulation principale des particules solides sur leur trajet de l'orifice d'entrée (22) à l'orifice de sortie (30), sensiblement parallèles les uns aux autres, avec un espace entre des moyens de transfert de chaleur (28) adjacents. Au moins un déflecteur (50, 52) dans sa partie supérieure, s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement aux moyens de transfert de chaleur (28), vers le bas à partir d'un plafond de chambre (24c), son extrémité inférieure étant à une certaine distance des moyens de transfert de chaleur (28) et comprenant des extensions, faisant saillie dans l'espace entre les moyens de transfert de chaleur (28), et des accouplements pour accoupler mécaniquement lesdits moyens de transfert de chaleur (28) auxdites extensions.
PCT/EP2016/050273 2015-02-04 2016-01-08 Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé Ceased WO2016124353A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/513,404 US20170299173A1 (en) 2015-02-04 2016-01-08 Fluidized bed heat exchanger
CN201680003150.5A CN106796026A (zh) 2015-02-04 2016-01-08 流化床热交换器

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15153815.4A EP3054215B1 (fr) 2015-02-04 2015-02-04 Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé
EP15153815.4 2015-02-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016124353A1 true WO2016124353A1 (fr) 2016-08-11

Family

ID=52446273

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2016/050273 Ceased WO2016124353A1 (fr) 2015-02-04 2016-01-08 Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20170299173A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3054215B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN106796026A (fr)
PL (1) PL3054215T3 (fr)
RS (1) RS56059B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016124353A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0030025A2 (fr) * 1979-11-30 1981-06-10 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Support pour tube d'échangeur de chaleur
GB2118064A (en) * 1979-01-31 1983-10-26 Foster Wheeler Power Prod Fluidised bed heat exchanger
US5943985A (en) * 1996-12-23 1999-08-31 Hartman; Ernest L. Welded bracket for supporting superheat and reheat assembly tubing on steam cooled hanger tubes
US6962676B1 (en) * 1998-10-02 2005-11-08 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Method and apparatus in a fluidized bed heat exchanger
US20140262172A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Koch Heat Transfer Company, Lp Tube bundle for shell-and-tube heat exchanger and a method of use

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1852363A (en) * 1928-06-16 1932-04-05 Whitlock Coil Pipe Company Heat exchanger
US4615715A (en) 1985-03-15 1986-10-07 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Water-cooled cyclone separator
US5840258A (en) * 1992-11-10 1998-11-24 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Method and apparatus for transporting solid particles from one chamber to another chamber
DE69307918T3 (de) * 1992-11-10 2003-01-23 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy, Helsinki Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betrieb eines reaktorsystems mit zirkulierender wirbelschicht
FI102316B (fi) * 1996-06-05 1998-11-13 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Menetelmä ja laite kiintoainesuspensioiden haitallisten komponenttien lämmönsiirtopinnoille aiheuttaman korroosion vähentämiseksi
FI114289B (fi) 2000-04-07 2004-09-30 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Laite hiukkasten erottamiseksi kuumista kaasuista

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2118064A (en) * 1979-01-31 1983-10-26 Foster Wheeler Power Prod Fluidised bed heat exchanger
EP0030025A2 (fr) * 1979-11-30 1981-06-10 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Support pour tube d'échangeur de chaleur
US5943985A (en) * 1996-12-23 1999-08-31 Hartman; Ernest L. Welded bracket for supporting superheat and reheat assembly tubing on steam cooled hanger tubes
US6962676B1 (en) * 1998-10-02 2005-11-08 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Method and apparatus in a fluidized bed heat exchanger
US20140262172A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Koch Heat Transfer Company, Lp Tube bundle for shell-and-tube heat exchanger and a method of use

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3054215B1 (fr) 2017-04-19
PL3054215T3 (pl) 2017-08-31
US20170299173A1 (en) 2017-10-19
CN106796026A (zh) 2017-05-31
RS56059B1 (sr) 2017-09-29
EP3054215A1 (fr) 2016-08-10

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