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WO2016119843A1 - Unité de valve avec structure de maintien pour applications ccht - Google Patents

Unité de valve avec structure de maintien pour applications ccht Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016119843A1
WO2016119843A1 PCT/EP2015/051750 EP2015051750W WO2016119843A1 WO 2016119843 A1 WO2016119843 A1 WO 2016119843A1 EP 2015051750 W EP2015051750 W EP 2015051750W WO 2016119843 A1 WO2016119843 A1 WO 2016119843A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
converter
valve unit
holding
holding element
converter cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2015/051750
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Nan Chen
Sari Laihonen
Mats Hyttinen
Francois Delince
Ener SALINAS
Erik Persson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Technology AG
Original Assignee
ABB Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Technology AG filed Critical ABB Technology AG
Priority to GB1708552.3A priority Critical patent/GB2550293B/en
Priority to PCT/EP2015/051750 priority patent/WO2016119843A1/fr
Publication of WO2016119843A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016119843A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/003—Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L25/00—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L25/03—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses H10B, H10D, H10F, H10H, H10K or H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
    • H01L25/10—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses H10B, H10D, H10F, H10H, H10K or H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices having separate containers
    • H01L25/11—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses H10B, H10D, H10F, H10H, H10K or H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in subclass H10D
    • H01L25/117—Stacked arrangements of devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/14—Mounting supporting structure in casing or on frame or rack
    • H05K7/1422—Printed circuit boards receptacles, e.g. stacked structures, electronic circuit modules or box like frames
    • H05K7/1427—Housings
    • H05K7/1432—Housings specially adapted for power drive units or power converters
    • H05K7/14339—Housings specially adapted for power drive units or power converters specially adapted for high voltage operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
    • H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to the field of power converters.
  • the present disclosure relates in particular to a valve unit with a holding structure for high voltage direct current (HVDC) applications.
  • HVDC high voltage direct current
  • An HVDC converter station is a type of station adapted to convert high voltage direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) or the reverse.
  • An HVDC converter station may comprise a plurality of elements such as the converter itself (or a plurality of converters connected in series or in parallel), an alternating current switch gear, transformers, capacitors, filters, a direct current switch gear and other auxiliary elements.
  • a building block (or a valve unit) of a power converter such as an HVDC power converter
  • a power converter may comprise a plurality of converter cells connected in series.
  • a plurality of solid-state semiconductor switching devices such as thyristors or transistors like IGBTs, may be associated with a capacitor adapted to store energy for the converter cells.
  • a general challenge in the present technical field is to provide a more compact converter station, for e.g. offshore HVDC applications, in order to facilitate installation and transport of the converter station.
  • An object of at least some embodiments of the present disclosure is to wholly or at least partly address the above mentioned issues.
  • a valve unit comprising a plurality of converter cells, a plurality of holding elements and a plurality of connecting elements.
  • the plurality of converter cells is arranged as a stack along an axial direction (or stacking direction).
  • a holding element is arranged to support (or receive) at least one converter cell.
  • a converter cell includes a body extending in a radial direction between an outer perimeter and an inner perimeter such that the stack of converter cells defines an inner space.
  • the plurality of connecting elements is arranged to mechanically connect the holding elements.
  • the connecting elements extend from a first holding element to another in a space delimited by the outer perimeter of a converter cell arranged between the holding elements.
  • the holding elements and the connecting elements may together form a supporting structure.
  • supporting structure is meant a structure that serves to support the stack of converter cells.
  • the supporting structure may also be referred to as for example a support, supporting means or holding structure.
  • the holding elements may be integrated parts of the bodies of the converter cells such that a holding element is part of the body of the converter cell supported by that holding element.
  • the bottom part of the body of a converter cell may be made thicker or equipped with some means for being attached to the connecting elements.
  • the holding elements may in the following be referred to a supporting structure for referring to the connecting elements and the holding elements.
  • the present disclosure provides a valve unit including a cell stack with an internal supporting structure. Arranging the connecting elements within the outer perimeter delimited by a converter cell arranged between the holding elements reduces the requirement on insulation and air clearance between adjacent converter cells in that the connecting elements (or the supporting structure in general) do not (or at least do less) disturb the electric field around the converter cells. Accordingly, the connecting elements (or the supporting structure in general) do not (or at least do less) disturb the electric field around the converter cells. Accordingly, the connecting elements within the outer perimeter delimited by a converter cell arranged between the holding elements reduces the requirement on insulation and air clearance between adjacent converter cells in that the connecting elements (or the supporting structure in general) do not (or at least do less) disturb the electric field around the converter cells. Accordingly, the connecting elements within the outer perimeter delimited by a converter cell arranged between the holding elements reduces the requirement on insulation and air clearance between adjacent converter cells in that the connecting elements (or the supporting structure in general) do not (or at least do less) disturb the electric field around the converter cells. Accordingly,
  • the connecting elements are arranged within the stack of converter cells in that, between two (successive) holding elements, the connecting elements are arranged within the outer perimeter (e.g. a diameter) of a converter cell arranged between (or at one of) these two holding elements. It will be appreciated that all connecting elements may be located within the outer perimeter of the stack (as defined by the outer perimeter(s) of the converter cells forming the stack) such that an internal supporting structure is obtained. As a result, a more compact installation of a plurality of valve units to form e.g. an HVDC converter station can be achieved.
  • the holding elements (and the supporting structure in general) provides the capability to carry the weight of the converter cells, i.e. the installation.
  • the holding elements are mechanically connected from one to another via the plurality of connecting elements.
  • the connecting elements may extend within the inner space as defined by the superposition of the converter cells, which provides for an even more compact valve unit as the distance between two successive converter cells in the stack may be reduced.
  • At least some embodiments of the present disclosure provide for a more compact valve unit in that the converter cells surround the connecting elements.
  • the connecting elements may extend in (within) a space delimited between the outer perimeter of a converter cell and the inner perimeter of the converter cell.
  • the connecting elements may not be located within the inner space of the stack (as defined by the superposition of the converter cells) but outside the inner space, yet within the outer perimeter of the stack (or outer diameters of the converter cells forming the stack).
  • a converter cell includes a body with an inner perimeter (such as e.g. an inner diameter in the case of a circular or annular body) and an outer perimeter (such as e.g. an outer diameter), thereby defining an inner space.
  • the body of the converter cell includes a hollow or cavity, e.g. a through hole. It will be appreciated that the outer perimeters of the converter cells determine the outer perimeter of the stack of converter cells.
  • the converter cells may have the same or approximately the same outer perimeter thereby defining, along the axial direction, a constant outer perimeter of the stack of converter cells within which the connecting elements are located.
  • the body may include at least one capacitor element, i.e. the body may correspond to the capacitor part (or capacitor unit) of the converter cell.
  • the dimensions of the body may determine the properties, and in particular the possible capacitance and voltage, of the capacitor of the converter cell for a particular selection of materials. Further, the height of the body along the axial direction may be determined by the desired capacitance or desired voltage. The body may therefore also be referred to as the capacitive body or capacitor of the converter cell.
  • capacitor element a component functioning as a capacitor, i.e. acting as an electric component used to store energy electrostatically in an electric field.
  • a capacitor element (or capacitor) is normally built by metal layers (or plates) between which an insulating media is arranged.
  • the plurality of converter cells is arranged as a stack along an axial direction (or stacking direction), e.g. a vertical direction thereby forming a column of converter cells.
  • the holding elements define a number of positions for arrangement of the converter cells along the axial direction. It will be appreciated that more than one converter cell may be arranged at each position along the converter cell and that, in some cases, a position may be empty. A position is determined by the intersection between the connecting elements and a holding element, wherein a holding element is arranged to receive (support) one or more converter cells.
  • the holding element may be an integrated part of the converter cell and it may thus be considered that the arrangement of the converter cell itself defines a position along the axial direction.
  • a holding element may include a central through- hole with a perimeter corresponding to the inner perimeter of the body of the converter cell arranged at the holding element.
  • the perimeter of the central through- hole of the holding element may in some embodiments be smaller than the inner perimeter of the body of the converter cell, in which case any device (or some of the devices) arranged within the inner space delimited by the inner perimeter may rest on the holding element.
  • the perimeter of the central through-hole of the holding element may be larger than the inner perimeter of the body of the converter cell, in which case only part of the body of the converter cell rests on the holding element.
  • the perimeter of the central through-hole of the holding element may be substantially equal to the inner perimeter of the body of the converter cell.
  • the holding element may have a shape
  • a central-trough hole of the holding element may have a shape matching a shape of the surface of the body of the converter cell defining the inner space.
  • the through-hole of the holding element may have various shapes such as for example circular, elliptic, rectangular or square. Further the size of the through hole may also vary. In particular, it will be appreciated that the through hole may be larger than, equal to, or smaller than a through hole of the body of the converter cell.
  • the body of a converter cell may include an outside surface which is elliptic, circular and/or which comprises at least one rounded corner.
  • the body may have a cylindrical shape or the shape of a parallelepiped.
  • a circular shape or at least a shape with rounded corners is advantageous since this provides a smoother surface, which in turn facilitates the HV insulation as there are less sharp turns and edges pointing out.
  • insulation distances can be shortened and for example corona rings may be partly or completely avoided.
  • the use of a capacitive body with an outside surface comprising rounded corners, and e.g. being circular, provides therefore the advantage that space can be more efficiently used, thereby reducing the size of the power station.
  • a circular shaped body provides a smoother converter cell profile, which reduces requirement on insulation design and provides other benefits such as a lower stray inductance in current commutation loop.
  • the body (or capacitor unit) of the converter cell may for example be annular (or ring-shaped).
  • the inner space defined by the body of a converter cell may have an elliptic cross-sectional shape, a circular cross-sectional shape, a polygonal cross-sectional shape, or a square cross-sectional shape across the axial direction. While it is advantageous but not always necessary that the outside surface of the body includes rounded corners and is circular, the inner space (or internal space) delimited by the bodies of the converter cells may have various shapes, depending on the desired arrangement of the electric components within the inner space. In a specific embodiment, the inner space delimited by the hollow body may be a square, which may provide an improved filling factor of the devices installed in it.
  • the shape of the inner space may be adapted to the configuration (number, positioning) of the connecting elements extending within the inner space.
  • the inner perimeter of the converter cells i.e. the inner space
  • the connecting elements may be adapted to receive the connecting elements.
  • indents may be formed at the surface of the body facing the inner space to insert the connecting elements, thereby leaving more space to any electronic components and/or other devices to be arranged within the inner space.
  • the holding elements may be holding plates.
  • a holding element does not necessarily have to be a continuous plate and that a holding element providing contact points at the connecting elements may be sufficient for one or more converter cells to rest at a position along the stacking direction.
  • the connecting elements may be rods, ropes or tubes.
  • the connecting elements are designed to mechanically connect one holding element to another.
  • the supporting structure may include a plurality of holding plates comprising a number of holes for inserting a plurality of rods acting as connecting elements.
  • the holding plates may then be fastened by means of some fasteners (or fastening means) such as screws or clips on the rods.
  • the holding elements may be soldered to the connecting elements.
  • the body (or capacitor unit) of a converter cell may be formed of a single piece with a hole within which other electric components such as e.g. switching devices may be arranged.
  • the body may be divided in a plurality of pieces. A piece may then form a section of the body.
  • the present embodiment provides a converter cell with a body including a plurality of pieces or sections (in particular capacitive pieces).
  • the body (or capacitor unit) of the converter cell may therefore not consist of one single piece (or one single mechanical block), but several (at least two) pieces.
  • the capacitor unit may be formed by assembling N pieces, which facilitates the installation of the capacitor unit in a valve unit of a power converter hall since one of the N pieces of the capacitor unit is more easy to handle than the full capacitor unit (i.e. if the capacitor unit was made of a single piece).
  • a piece or sub-element of a capacitor unit has also a lower weight than the whole capacitor unit (as compared to a single piece making the full capacitor unit).
  • the body is formed of a plurality of pieces which, when assembled, formed a hole or hollow at which other electric components may be arranged. The pieces may be arranged adjacent to each other, i.e. in a tight arrangement with a mechanical contact between two adjacent or successive pieces.
  • the pieces forming the body may in some other embodiments be arranged close to each other, yet with a gap between two successive pieces.
  • the body may also be formed by a loose arrangement of the pieces, i.e. with a gap between the pieces, which is advantageous as it releases some pressure.
  • the arrangement of the pieces determines an outer perimeter of the resulting converter cell.
  • a piece of the capacitor unit may itself include a plurality of capacitor elements or capacitive sub-elements connected together to form a "capacitive" piece (i.e. functioning as a capacitor).
  • capacitor elements or capacitive sub-elements connected together to form a "capacitive" piece (i.e. functioning as a capacitor).
  • These embodiments are advantageous in that it reduces Eddy currents (or Foucault currents) generated at the outside surface of the capacitor unit (i.e. on the capacitor box or capacitor enclosure/container) when it includes electrically conductive material. Eddy currents flow in closed loops within electrically conductive materials (conductors), in planes perpendicular to the magnetic field. The magnitude of the current in a loop is, among others, proportional to the area of the loop.
  • At least one of the pieces may be a detachable section of the body.
  • at least one piece may individually be removed and replaced without disturbing the surrounding pieces of the body. This improves also the accessibility to the inner space (or interior space) delimited by the body (or capacitor unit) of the converter cell, at which inner space electronic components (such as switching semiconductor devices) may be arranged. By removing one piece of the capacitive body, any components located in the inner space may be tested, taken out and possibly replaced or repaired.
  • each of the pieces of the body may be detachable (i.e. form detachable sections of the body).
  • the intersection of the plurality of connecting elements with a holding element may define a number of compartments at the holding element corresponding to the number of pieces of the body arranged at the holding element. A piece of the body may then be arranged at one compartment.
  • the connecting elements extending between a first holding element and a second holding element may be fixed at the first holding element between two adjacent pieces of the body arranged at the first holding element.
  • the converter cell may further include at least one switching device arranged within the inner space delimited by the body of the converter cell.
  • the switching devices e.g. semiconductor switches
  • the switching devices may be arranged in a way to more evenly distribute the switched current around the area of the capacitive body, e.g. to reduce hot spot temperatures and to increase the long-term reliability of the capacitor.
  • the switching device may be a semiconductor-based switching device.
  • the switching device may be an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), an integrated gate- commutated thyristor (IGCT), a gate turn-off thyristor (GTO), a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) and a hetero junction bipolar transistor (HBT).
  • IGBT insulated-gate bipolar transistor
  • MOSFET metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor
  • IGCT integrated gate-commutated thyristor
  • GTO gate turn-off thyristor
  • HEMT high electron mobility transistor
  • HBT hetero junction bipolar transistor
  • the converter cell may further comprise other electric components or devices.
  • the converter cell may also include a cooling device and/or a by-pass switch which allows a current to bypass the switching devices of a converter cell upon failure of a switching device, thereby reducing the risk of damages of the components of a converter cell, e.g. caused by short circuit currents.
  • the bypass switch may be a mechanical switch or an electric switch such as for example a thyristor.
  • the converter cell may also include means for reducing the failure currents.
  • Other components and devices than those listed herein may be arranged within the inner space defined by the cell stack. It will also be appreciated that the plurality of converter cells of the valve unit may only constitute part of a larger converter. In particular, according to some
  • a converter arm (or converter branch) comprises at least two valve units as defined in any one of the preceding embodiments.
  • the converter cells of a first valve unit are electrically connected in series to the converter cells of a second valve unit and the supporting structure of the first valve unit is mechanically connected to the supporting structure of the second valve unit.
  • a high voltage direct current (HVDC) converter station is provided.
  • the HVDC converter station may comprise at least two valve arms as defined in any one of the preceding embodiments.
  • the HVDC converter station may include three arms to provide a three-phase converter.
  • the present disclosure is applicable for power equipments with various voltage levels such as e.g. a high voltage power converter station but also medium voltage equipments, in which it is desired to improve space management.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure are advantageous in any applications wherein a stack of converter cells may be used. For exemplifying purposes only, embodiments of the present disclosure may be beneficial to achieve converters such as a static
  • STATCOM synchronous compensator
  • FACTS flexible AC transmission systems
  • motor drives sub-sea power converters
  • DC-DC converters for DC grid.
  • Other applications may however be envisaged.
  • STATCOM synchronous compensator
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure improve space management by arranging the supporting structure within the inner space formed by the stack of converter cells, i.e. via an internal supporting structure.
  • the present disclosure is generally advantageous for applications in which a more compact power equipment is desired, such as in applications where space for installation of the electric power equipment is limited and/or for offshore wind farm applications.
  • valve unit may be interchangeably replaced with the terms converter valve stack, block unit or apparatus (of a power converter).
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a holding structure (or supporting structure) in accordance with an embodiment
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic perspective view of a valve unit including a cell stack and a supporting structure in accordance with some embodiments
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic view of a cell in accordance with some embodiments
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic general view of a valve stack in accordance with some embodiments
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic perspective view of a body (or capacitor unit) of a converter cell in accordance with an embodiment
  • FIGS. 6 A and 6B show schematic top views of bodies of converter cells in accordance with some embodiments
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic view of a capacitor unit of a converter cell in accordance with another embodiment
  • Figure 8 shows a schematic view of a piece of a capacitor unit according to an embodiment
  • Figures 9A and 9B show a schematic perspective view and a schematic side view, respectively, of a power converter cell in accordance with an embodiment
  • Figure 10 shows a circuit diagram illustrating the electrical connections of a converter cell in accordance with an embodiment
  • Figure 11 shows a schematic view of the assembly of piecewise converter cells on a holding structure
  • Figure 12 shows a schematic view of a valve unit of an HVDC converter in accordance with an embodiment
  • Figure 13 shows a schematic view of a valve unit in accordance with another embodiment
  • Figure 14 shows a schematic view of a converter arm of an HVDC converter in accordance with an embodiment
  • Figure 15 shows a schematic view of an HVDC converter station including three converter arms in accordance with an embodiment.
  • a supporting structure 100 comprising a plurality of holding elements 121-124 and a plurality of connecting elements 141-144 is described.
  • Figure 1 shows a supporting structure 100 comprising a plurality of holding plates 121-124 acting as holding elements (or holding members) and a plurality of rods 141-144 acting as connecting elements.
  • the rods 141-144 extend along an axial direction denoted 110 in Figure 1. More specifically, the rods 141-144 extend parallel to the axial direction 110 and the holding plates 121-124 are arranged at different positions along the axial direction 110 in planes perpendicularly intersecting the axial direction 110.
  • the connecting elements do not necessarily have to be parallel to the axial direction 110 and that the holding plates do not need to be arranged in planes which are perpendicular to the axial direction 110.
  • the holding plates 121-124 are separated from each other along the axial direction 110 by a gap permitting the arrangement of converter cells, as will be described in more detail in the following.
  • the holding plates 121-124 of the supporting structure 100 are circular or disc-shaped. However, other shapes may be envisaged. Further, each of the holding plates 121-124 includes a through hole so that they are shaped as rings.
  • a first holding plate 121 is disc-shaped with a through- hole denoted 151 arranged in a center portion of the holding plate 121.
  • the central through-hole 151 of the holding plate 121 has a perimeter corresponding to the inner perimeter of a body of the converter cell to be arranged at the holding element 121.
  • the rods 141-144 extend along the axial direction 110 and intersect the holding plates 121-124 close to the through-holes of the holding plates.
  • Figure 1 shows holding plates as an example of holding elements
  • the holding elements serve to hold one or more converter cell at a position along the axial direction along which the stack of converter cells extends (i.e. the stacking direction).
  • the holding elements may therefore be fixed at a specific position along the stacking direction.
  • the holding element of a specific position may not be a continuous body or plate but could be a number of holding members defining a number of contact points at each of the connecting elements such that a converter cell may be installed on them at a specific position along the stacking direction.
  • a holding element with a single body, such a holding plate, physically connecting the connecting elements extending along the stacking direction is beneficial for carrying the weight of the converter cells, thereby improving mechanical stability.
  • Figure 1 shows a supporting structure with a plurality of connecting elements and a plurality of holding elements
  • the holding elements may be integrated parts of the bodies of the converter cells to be arranged at the positions defined by the holding elements along the axial direction.
  • the converter cells may be equipped with some attaching means for attachment to the connecting elements.
  • a valve unit (or converter valve stack) 200 according to an embodiment is described.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of a valve unit 200 comprising a plurality of converter cells 130-139 and a supporting structure 100 similar to the supporting structure 100 described with reference to Figure 1.
  • the plurality of converter cells 130-139 is arranged as a stack along the axial direction 110.
  • a converter cell for example the converter cell denoted 139, includes a body extending in a radial direction (in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axial direction 110 in the present example) between an outer perimeter 160 and an inner perimeter 162.
  • an inner space 170 is formed within the stack of converter cells.
  • each converter cell is arranged at its own holding plate.
  • the holding plates 120-129 define a number of positions for arrangement of the converter cells 130-139 along the axial direction 110.
  • the converter cells denoted 130-139 are arranged at the holding plates denoted 120-129, respectively, of the supporting structure 100.
  • the supporting structure includes also a number of connecting elements, in the present example four rods 141-144 extending along the stacking direction 110.
  • the four rods are arranged to mechanically connect the holding plates 120-129 from one to another.
  • the rods 141-144 are only visible at the top part of the stack of converter cells since the connecting elements extend within an inner space 170 defined by the stacking of the converter cells 130-139.
  • the specific embodiment of Figure 2 shows connecting elements extending within the inner space of the stack, the connecting elements may more generally be described as extending within the outer perimeter (and in particular the outer diameter) of the stack (as defined by the outer diameter of the converter cells forming the stack).
  • Figure 2 illustrates that the converter cells surround the connecting elements 141-144 of the supporting structure 100.
  • Figure 2 illustrates that the converter cells may be ring-shaped and thus has a circular outside surface, thereby resulting in a cylinder-like stack of cells.
  • Other geometries may be envisaged; however, it is beneficial if the converter cells (and the resulting stack of converter cells) have a smooth outside surface with rounded corners.
  • a cell 130 according to an embodiment is described in more detail.
  • Figure 3 shows a cell 130 including a body (or capacitor shield) 332 and a switching device such as a semiconductor-based component 337. At least one capacitor element (not shown) is arranged or enclosed within the body (or capacitor shield 332), i.e.
  • the body 332 of the converter cell 130 extends in a radial direction (in a direction substantially perpendicular to an axial direction as defined by the ring-shaped body in the present example) between an outer perimeter 160 and an inner perimeter 162.
  • the capacitor shield 332 and its capacitor element arranged within it may be referred to as the capacitor unit (or body) of the converter cell 130.
  • the body 332 surrounds the semiconductor component 337 and is discshaped.
  • the body 332 is annular and defines a center hole in which the
  • the cell 130 shown in Figure 3 is therefore particularly suitable for forming a cylinder-like stack of converter cells.
  • the body 332 forms an inner space 370 defined by the body 332 of the converter cell 130.
  • the semiconductor component 337 is arranged within the inner space 370.
  • the inner space 370 is shown to have a cross- section circular shape across the axial direction along which the converter cell extends.
  • the inner space may be of a different geometry and for example have an elliptic cross-sectional shape, a polygonal cross-sectional shape, or a square cross-sectional shape across the axial direction.
  • the semiconductor component may be an arrangement of one or more thyristors or IGBTs, depending on the desired electrical equipment (e.g. type of converter).
  • a plurality of cells may be arranged on top of each other along an axial direction (in particular along a vertical direction but not necessarily) to form a stack of cells.
  • the plurality of cells may be electrically connected via a busbar element together to form the desired electrical equipment.
  • Figure 4 shows an example of a valve stack 450 wherein a plurality of converter cells is arranged on top of each other along an axial direction.
  • the valve stack 150 includes a plurality of cells 130-139, each of which may be equivalent to the converter cell 130 described with reference to Figure 3.
  • the arrangement shown in Figure 4 may correspond to the arrangement depicted in Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the stack 450 of converter cells with a switching device 337 surrounded by a body or capacitor shield 332. Still, it will be appreciated that two successive cells in the stack may be identical or different from one to another.
  • Figure 4 shows also a busbar 440 electrically connecting the plurality of converter cells 130-139 in series to form a larger converter.
  • Figure 4 illustrates also that holding elements 120-129 may be arranged between the converter cells 130-139.
  • one holding element is arranged between two successive converter cells.
  • the holding element may have a shape corresponding to a shape of the body of the converter cell arranged at the holding element.
  • the stack of converter cells may be constructed by successively assembling a holding element (such as a holding plate) and a converter cell on the connecting elements.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic perspective view of the capacitor unit 500.
  • the capacitor unit 500 comprises four pieces 501-504. When assembled together, the four pieces 501-504 form a body extending along an axial direction 110.
  • the pieces 501-504 delimit a space or area 570, also referred to as inner space, which corresponds to the center portion or hollow of the capacitor unit 500.
  • Each one of the pieces 501-504 forms a section of the body and at least one of the pieces is a detachable section of the body.
  • Figure 5 illustrates that the piece denoted 504 is detached from the other pieces.
  • the capacitor unit 500 may have different shapes.
  • an outside surface 506 of the body of the capacitor unit 500 may be circular, such as represented in Figure 5, but it may be envisaged that the outside surface of the body of the capacitor unit may be elliptic and/or rectangular or square or any other form. It may however be appreciated that the outside surface of the body of the capacitor unit 500 may advantageously comprise rounded corners.
  • each of the pieces 501-504 may define a section of a ring such that the body 500 is ring-shaped, thereby forming an annular capacitor, such as shown in Figure 5.
  • the pieces 501-504 may be distributed around the axial direction 110.
  • the pieces 501-504 extend in a plane intersecting the axial direction 110.
  • Figure 5 shows that the pieces 501-504 are arranged in a plane which is perpendicular to the axial direction 110.
  • the capacitor unit 500 may be divided in another number of pieces.
  • the capacitor unit 500 may be divided in at least two pieces such that at least one piece is detachable from the capacitor unit.
  • detachable is meant that the piece may be detached from the capacitor unit without having to disassemble the whole capacitor unit, i.e. without having to detach all the other pieces.
  • the detachable piece 504 is removable from the capacitor unit 500 and may be put back in place. Further, although only one of the pieces 501-504 is shown to be detached from the capacitor unit 500 in Figure 5, i.e.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic top view of two different capacitor units 500 and 600 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Figure 6 A shows a top view of a capacitor unit 500 which may be equivalent to the capacitor unit 500 described with reference to Figure 5.
  • the capacitor unit 500 includes a capacitive body delimiting an area or inner space 570 which is a square.
  • inner space is meant the space or area which is located within the closed loop defined by the body formed by the pieces 501-504.
  • the inner space 570 corresponds to the central portion of the capacitor unit 500.
  • Figure 6B shows also a top view of another capacitor unit 600 which may be equivalent to the capacitor unit described with reference to Figure 5 except that the area or inner space 670 defined by the capacitive body of the capacitor unit 600 is circular.
  • the capacitor unit 600 comprises also three pieces 601-603 only to form the capacitive body.
  • Figures 6A and 6B show two examples of possible shapes of inner spaces defined by the hollow bodies of two capacitor units, other shapes may be envisaged.
  • the inner space may also be elliptic or rectangular.
  • Figure 6B illustrates also that the body of the capacitor unit 600 (and thereby the resulting converter cell once a switching device is arranged within the capacitor unit) extends between an outer diameter 660 and an inner diameter 662.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of a capacitor unit 700 which may be equivalent to any one of the capacitor units described with reference to Figures 5, 6 A and 6B except that Figure 7 illustrates at least one alternative for attaching the pieces of the capacitor unit together such that at least one of the pieces is detachable.
  • Figure 7 shows a capacitor unit 700 comprising four pieces 701-704 which may be equivalent to the pieces 701-704 described with reference to Figure 5.
  • the pieces 701-704 are joined together by means of attaching devices 731-734 to form the body of the capacitor unit 700, thereby defining the hollow or inner space 770 of the capacitor unit 700.
  • the attaching devices used for assembling the plurality of pieces 701-704 together are screws.
  • the capacitor unit 700 may comprise a first screw 731 for attaching a first piece 701 with a second piece 702, a second screw 732 for attaching the second piece 702 with a third piece 702, a third screw 733 for attaching the third piece 703 with a fourth piece 704, and a fourth screw 734 for attaching the fourth piece 704 with the first piece 701.
  • a body with a through-hole is obtained.
  • the screws may be advantageously loosely mounted such that gaps are formed between two successive pieces. In some other embodiments however, the screws may be tightened such that the four pieces 701-704 are in physical contact with each other, thereby resulting in a closed loop.
  • the screws may be inserted in enclosures (or boxes) of the pieces 701-704.
  • the enclosures may be made of electrically conductive (e.g. metallic) material or non-electrically conductive material.
  • Figure 7 also illustrates that the body of the capacitor unit may delimit a hollow or inner space 770 adapted to receive at least one switching device 750.
  • the switching device 750 may be arranged in the hollow center of the capacitor unit 700 such that the body surrounds the entire switching device 750.
  • Figure 8 shows a schematic view of a piece of a capacitor unit according to an embodiment.
  • Figure 8 shows an enlarged view of a piece 800 of a capacitor unit such as e.g. the capacitor unit 500 described with reference to Figure 5.
  • the piece 800 may therefore correspond to any one of the pieces 501-504.
  • Figure 8 shows a piece 800 having the shape of a trapezoidal block with one curved face 846. More specifically, the piece 800 comprises a first surface 846 defining a portion of the outside surface of the hollow body and a second surface 842 defining a portion of the inner space defined by the hollow body.
  • the piece 800 comprises also two side surfaces 844, 848, each of which is to be arranged in contact with, or facing (closely to), a neighboring piece when assembled in a capacitor unit.
  • the piece comprises also a base surface 852 (or bottom surface) and a top surface 850.
  • the two side surfaces form walls extending in planes intersecting the first (curved) surface 846 forming a portion of the outside of the capacitor unit at an angle which is less than 90 degrees.
  • the two side surfaces are linked by the second surface 842 forming a portion of the inner space of the capacitor unit 800.
  • the base surface 852 and the top surface 850 extend in planes which perpendicularly intersect the two side surfaces and the first and second surfaces.
  • the surfaces of the piece form a closed box in which an insulating material or in which a plurality of capacitive sub- elements may be arranged to provide the capacitive functionality of the piece 800.
  • Figure 8 shows a piece having a trapezoidal shape
  • the two side surfaces 844 and 848 may perpendicularly intersect the first surface and the second surface, thereby resulting in a more cubic shaped piece or section of the capacitor unit.
  • the second surface defining a portion of the inner space of the capacitor unit may be curved, thereby defining a more circular inner space, rather than a square inner space such as obtained with the piece shown in Figure 8.
  • Figure 8 also shows that the piece 800 comprises electrical connectors 860 arranged at the second surface 842 defining a portion of the inner space of the capacitor unit.
  • the electrical connectors are arranged at the wall facing the inner space defined by the body.
  • the electrical connectors 860 may be used for connection to at least one switching device or power converter circuitry arranged in the hollow center of the capacitor unit.
  • the pieces of a capacitor unit such as the piece 800 shown in Figure 8, form an enclosure or container in which at least one capacitor element may be arranged.
  • the capacitor element may include metal plates and a dielectric material arranged between the metal plates.
  • the capacitor element may for example be a wound- film capacitor.
  • the enclosure or container defined by a piece may be made of electrically conductive material, such as a metal, but may also be made of a non- conductive material. Further, depending on whether the enclosure is to be used for shielding, i.e. depending on the application, the enclosure or container may also be coated by a non-conductive painting. Assembling the plurality of pieces may result in a cylindrical capacitor.
  • Figures 9A and 9B show a schematic perspective view and a schematic side view, respectively, of a power converter cell in accordance with an embodiment.
  • Figures 9A and 9B show a converter cell 900 comprising a capacitor unit including a plurality of pieces 901-903 equivalents to the pieces of the capacitor unit 500 described with reference to e.g. Figure 5.
  • the fourth piece of the capacitor unit is not shown for the purpose of illustrating the components arranged within the capacitor unit of the converter cell 900, i.e. the components arranged at the hollow center portion of the body formed by the pieces 901-903.
  • Figures 9A and 9B shows that the converter circuitry of the power converter cell 900 may include a stack of a plurality of switching devices (or electronic components). In the embodiment shown in Figure 9A, two switching devices 952, 954 are shown.
  • switching devices 952, 954 are arranged in thermal contact with a plurality of heat sinks or cooling plates 951, 953, 955 within the hollow center of the capacitor unit 901-903.
  • the switching devices 952, 954 and the heat sinks 951, 953, 955 are arranged as a stack.
  • a first surface of the heat sink 953 is arranged in thermal contact with a first switching device 954 and a second surface (opposite to the first surface) of the heat sink 953 is arranged in thermal contact with the second switching device 952.
  • the cooling plates 951, 953, 955 are arranged on both sides of the switching devices 952, 954.
  • Figures 9A and 9B also illustrate that the power converter cell 900 may include gate drive units 912, which in the present example are located between a face of a piece 901 facing the inner space delimited by the hollow body and the stack of switching devices and cooling plates 951-955.
  • Figure 5 also shows that the power converter cell may include a by-pass switch 958, as represented by the cylindrical tube extending in horizontal direction in Figures 9 A and 9B.
  • Figures 9A and 9B also show electrical connectors 962, 964 for connection of the power converter circuit (i.e. the switching devices) to the pieces 901-903 via their electrical connectors 960 (which correspond to the electrical connectors 860 described with reference to Figure 8).
  • the electrical connector denoted 962 may represent a positive connection from the capacitor unit while the electrical connector denoted 964 may represent a negative connection from the capacitor unit.
  • the bushings or electrical connectors 960 for connection between the power converter circuit i.e.
  • the switching devices 952, 954) and the capacitor unit may be arranged at an upper part of an inner wall of the capacitor unit in order to reduce the effect of electromagnetic field around the location where the switching devices 952, 954 are installed, such as in the embodiments depicted in Figures 8, 9A and 9B.
  • Figures 9A and 9B also illustrate that the components 912, 951-955 and 958 may be arranged in the inner space delimited by the body of the capacitor unit formed by the pieces 901-903 (and the fourth piece, not represented in Figure 9B) such that the capacitor unit surrounds these components.
  • Figure 10 shows a circuit diagram illustrating the electrical connections of a converter cell in accordance with an embodiment.
  • Figure 10 shows a circuit diagram 1000 illustrating the electrical connections of the switching devices (e.g. transistors) and the capacitor of the converter cell 900 described with reference to Figures 9A and 9B.
  • the upper part shows the electrical connections in a first power converter cell 900 while the lower part shows the electrical connections in a second power converter cell 1050.
  • the switching devices 1054 and 1052 may for example be IGBTs but may also be other types of semiconductor-based switching devices.
  • the types of switching devices may for example be MOSFETs, IGBTs, IGCTs, GTOs, HEMTs or HBTs and the types of semiconductors may for example be silicon, silicon carbide, Gallium Nitride or Gallium Arsenide.
  • a switching device 1052 or 1054 may comprise two
  • the switching device may be a single-chip component adapted to replace the two semiconductor chips.
  • the two switching devices 1052, 1054 are connected in series in a branch itself connected in parallel with the capacitor 1010.
  • a first electrode 1010a of the capacitor 1010 of the first power convert cell 900 is connected to a first port or terminal (e.g. the drain) of a first switching device (or transistor) 1054 while a second electrode 1010b of the capacitor 1010 is connected to a second port or terminal (e.g. the source) of a second switching device or transistor 1052.
  • a third port or terminal (e.g. the source) of the first switching device 1054 is connected to a fourth port or terminal (e.g. the drain) of the second switching device 1052.
  • the first electrode 1010a of the capacitor 1010 provides a positive bias (DC+) to the first switching device 654 while the second electrode 1010b of the capacitor 1010 provides a negative bias (DC- ) to the second switching device 1052.
  • the switching devices 1052 and 1054 may be arranged in a stack (i.e. may be arranged on top of each other) within the hollow center of the capacitor unit 1010.
  • the capacitor unit (or capacitor) 1010 comprises a plurality of pieces, such as denoted 901 and 902 in Figure 10. It will be appreciated that the switching devices denoted 952 and 954 in Figures 9A and 9B may correspond to the switching devices denoted 1052 and 1054 in Figure 10, respectively.
  • the upper part of the right-hand side of the drawing shown in Figure 10 may correspond to the power converter cell shown in Figures 9A and 9B wherein the capacitor unit includes a plurality of pieces 901-903 (only 901 and 902 are shown in Figure 10) and the power converter cell includes a stack of switching devices and cooling plates 951-955. While the gate drive units 912 are also represented in Figure 10, the by-pass switch 958 has been omitted for not obscuring the figure.
  • Figure 10 also illustrates that a piece 901, 902 may include a plurality of capacitive sub-elements connected together to provide the capacitive functionality of the piece.
  • the second power converter cell 1050 may be identical to the power converter cell 900.
  • the first and second power converter cells 900 and 1050 may be arranged as a stack to form a converter valve or valve unit, as will be further described with reference to Figures 11 and 12.
  • the power converter circuit 1000 comprises also an electrical connection 1075 between the first power converter cell 900 and the second power converter cell 1050.
  • the positive bias line (DC+) of the second power converter cell 1050 is connected to an electrical node arranged between the two switching devices 1052, 1054 of the first power converter cell 900 (i.e. at the node connecting the drain of the transistor of the second switching device 1052 and the source of the transistor of the first switching device 1054 in the first power converter cell 900).
  • the electrical connection 1075 may be a conductor, e.g. in the form of a bus bar.
  • a power converter circuit of a valve unit may comprise more electrical connections than those shown in the circuit diagram 1000 of Figure 10.
  • Figure 11 shows a valve unit 1100, or at least part of it, in which a piecewise capacitor unit (or piecewise capacitive body) is used to form the converter cells. It may be considered that Figure 11 shows a valve unit, such as e..g the valve unit 1200 which will be described with reference to Figure 12, under assembly.
  • a piecewise capacitor unit or piecewise capacitive body
  • the valve unit 1100 includes a supporting structure 100, which may be equivalent to the supporting structure 100 described with reference to Figure 1.
  • a supporting structure 100 with two holding plates 121 and 122 and four connecting elements as rods 141-144 are shown.
  • the first holding plate 121 is arranged to receive a first converter cell 131 while a second holding plate 122 is arranged to receive a second converter cell 132.
  • the first and second converter cells 131, 132 or the main bodies of these converter cells may be equivalent to any one of the bodies or converter cells 500, 600, 700 and 900 described with reference to Figures 5, 6, 7, 9A and 9B.
  • Only one converter cell 131 is shown to be arranged on the first holding plate denoted 151, another converter cell may be inserted between the first holding plate 121 and the second holding plate 122 such that the first holding plate 121 hold two converter cells.
  • the first holding plate has a through-hole 151 via which electrical connections between successive converter cells may be established.
  • Figure 11 illustrates also that the rods 141-144 extend within the inner space defined by the pieces of the bodies (or capacitor units) of the converter cells 131, 132.
  • the holding structure may first be realized as a whole, i.e. by assembly of the holding plates 121, 122 and the connecting elements 141-144.
  • the converter cells may then be mounted on the supporting structure in a piecewise manner, i.e. by first assembling the four pieces of a converter cell together with its associated switching device and any other auxiliary devices and then assembling another converter cell.
  • FIG 12 shows a schematic view of a valve unit 1200 of a power converter, such as for example an HVDC power converter, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the valve unit 1200 comprises a plurality of converter cells 1271-1280, i.e. ten converter cells in the present example, arranged as a stack by means of a holding structure 100.
  • the valve unit 1200 may comprise any number of power converter cells, depending on the application and consequently on the desired voltage or desired power.
  • the valve unit 1200 may also comprise high voltage capacitor shields arranged between two adjacent (or successive) power converter cells.
  • a power converter cell 1275 in the valve unit 700 may comprise a capacitor unit and power converter circuit of the type described with reference to any one of Figures 5- 10.
  • the power converter cell 1275 may be equivalent to the power converter cell described with reference to Figures 9 A and 9B.
  • the power converter cells shown in Figure 10 include capacitor units having disc-shaped enclosures. Other shapes may be envisaged, such as enclosures with circular, elliptical or rectangular cross-sections.
  • the capacitor units (and thereby the power converter cells) may have the form of rings surrounding the power converter circuits.
  • the power converter circuits of the power converter cells 1271-1280 may for example be electrically connected in series for increasing the input and/or output voltage of the valve unit 1200.
  • the use of a converter cell having a body divided in a plurality of pieces is beneficial since detachment of one of the pieces facilitates the accessibility to any components of the convert cells (i.e. within the inner space defined by the capacitor unit of the converter cell), thereby facilitating maintenance operations and reducing the space requirement for such operations.
  • Figure 13 shows a schematic view of a valve unit in accordance with another embodiment.
  • Figure 13 shows a valve unit 1300 which is equivalent to the valve unit 1100 described with reference to Figure 11 except that the connecting elements are displaced.
  • the supporting structure 1310 includes a plurality of connecting elements 1341-1344 which do not extend within the inner space 151 formed by the converter cells of the stack but extend between the outer diameter of the converter cell denoted 1331 and its inner diameter .
  • the connecting elements 1341-1344 extend between the outer diameter of the converter cell denoted 1332 and its inner diameter.
  • a gap may be provided between adjacent pieces of a converter cell such that the connecting elements may be fixed at the holding plates 121, 122.
  • the connecting elements 1341-1344 are arranged between two pieces arranged side by side.
  • Figure 14 shows a schematic view of a converter arm of an HVDC converter in accordance with an embodiment.
  • Figure 14 illustrates a converter arm (or converter branch) with sixteen valve units, such as valve units 1410, 1420, 1430, which may for example be equivalent to any one of the valve units 200 and 1200 described with reference to Figures 2 and 12, respectively. It will be appreciated that the specific number of valve units shown in Figure 14 to form one converter arm is only an example and any other number of valve units may be envisaged.
  • Figure 15 shows a schematic view of an HVDC converter station including three converter arms 1510-1530 in accordance with an embodiment.
  • a power station may be formed by connecting a plurality of converter arms such as the converter arm shown in Figure 14.
  • Each of the converter arms may be configured to for example receive a direct current (DC) power and convert it to a phase or a three-phase alternative current (AC) power or the reverse.
  • DC direct current
  • AC three-phase alternative current
  • each electrical phase may have its own converter arm, i.e. each phase may be obtained by the serial connection of a plurality of valve units.
  • each phase may be obtained by the serial connection of a plurality of valve units.
  • hundreds of converter cells may have to be stacked in series.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure are however not limited to such high power applications and it is also envisaged to apply the capacitor units and converter cells described herein in low voltage and medium voltage equipments.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure may be used for motor drives.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une unité de valve comportant une pluralité de cellules de conversion, une pluralité d'éléments de connexion et une pluralité d'éléments de maintien. La pluralité de cellules de conversion est disposé sous la forme d'une pile suivant une direction axiale. Un élément de maintien est disposé to support au moins one cellule de conversion. Une cellule de conversion comprend un corps s'étendant dans une direction radiale entre un périmètre extérieur et un périmètre intérieur de telle façon que la pile de cellules de conversion définisse un espace intérieur. La pluralité d'éléments de connexion est disposée de façon à relier mécaniquement les éléments de maintien. Les éléments de connexion s'étendent d'un premier élément de maintien à un autre dans un espace délimité par le périmètre extérieur d'une cellule de conversion disposée entre les éléments de maintien. L'unité de valve peut faire partie d'un convertisseur dans une station de conversion à courant continu sous haute tension.
PCT/EP2015/051750 2015-01-29 2015-01-29 Unité de valve avec structure de maintien pour applications ccht Ceased WO2016119843A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1708552.3A GB2550293B (en) 2015-01-29 2015-01-29 Valve unit with holding structure for HVDC applications
PCT/EP2015/051750 WO2016119843A1 (fr) 2015-01-29 2015-01-29 Unité de valve avec structure de maintien pour applications ccht

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2015/051750 WO2016119843A1 (fr) 2015-01-29 2015-01-29 Unité de valve avec structure de maintien pour applications ccht

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WO2016119843A1 true WO2016119843A1 (fr) 2016-08-04

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PCT/EP2015/051750 Ceased WO2016119843A1 (fr) 2015-01-29 2015-01-29 Unité de valve avec structure de maintien pour applications ccht

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WO (1) WO2016119843A1 (fr)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2452853A1 (fr) * 1979-03-27 1980-10-24 Asea Ab Convertisseur de courant comprenant des chaines de valves montees electriquement en serie

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2452853A1 (fr) * 1979-03-27 1980-10-24 Asea Ab Convertisseur de courant comprenant des chaines de valves montees electriquement en serie

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GB201708552D0 (en) 2017-07-12
GB2550293B (en) 2021-02-10

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