WO2016114061A1 - 有機薄膜トランジスタ - Google Patents
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- WO2016114061A1 WO2016114061A1 PCT/JP2015/085209 JP2015085209W WO2016114061A1 WO 2016114061 A1 WO2016114061 A1 WO 2016114061A1 JP 2015085209 W JP2015085209 W JP 2015085209W WO 2016114061 A1 WO2016114061 A1 WO 2016114061A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/40—Organosilicon compounds, e.g. TIPS pentacene
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
- H10K10/40—Organic transistors
- H10K10/46—Field-effect transistors, e.g. organic thin-film transistors [OTFT]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/60—Insulated-gate field-effect transistors [IGFET]
- H10D30/67—Thin-film transistors [TFT]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
- H10K10/20—Organic diodes
- H10K10/29—Diodes comprising organic-inorganic heterojunctions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
- H10K10/40—Organic transistors
- H10K10/46—Field-effect transistors, e.g. organic thin-film transistors [OTFT]
- H10K10/462—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs]
- H10K10/468—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs] characterised by the gate dielectrics
- H10K10/474—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs] characterised by the gate dielectrics the gate dielectric comprising a multilayered structure
- H10K10/476—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs] characterised by the gate dielectrics the gate dielectric comprising a multilayered structure comprising at least one organic layer and at least one inorganic layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
- H10K10/40—Organic transistors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic thin film transistor.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-005413 filed in Japan on January 14, 2015, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- an organic insulator having a low threshold voltage and a driving voltage and high charge mobility with the organic active layer (i) an organic-inorganic hybrid material, and (ii) one or more organometallic compounds and / or one kind
- An organic-inorganic insulator-forming composition containing the above organic polymer and (iii) a solvent that dissolves the components (i) and (ii) is known (see Patent Document 1).
- the organic-inorganic hybrid material is a polymer obtained by subjecting an organic silane compound or an organic silane compound to a hydrolysis reaction and a condensation reaction using an acid or base catalyst and water in an organic solvent, and the organic metal compound is titanium.
- an organic insulator composition having excellent solubility in an organic solvent and a monomer and having a high dielectric constant
- organic insulator compositions comprising a monomer and / or an organic polymer, and iii) a solvent that dissolves the components i) and ii).
- the compound represented by the following formula (1) is known to be obtained by subjecting an organosilane compound and an organometallic compound to a hydrolysis reaction or polycondensation reaction in an organic solvent using an acid or base catalyst and water. (See Patent Document 2).
- M is a metal atom
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently substituted with a (meth) acryloyl group, (meth) acryloyloxy group or epoxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 1 , R 5 and R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom; an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or the like.
- An object of this invention is to provide the organic thin-film transistor which maintains adhesiveness with an organic-semiconductor layer, and has practical carrier mobility.
- the present inventor has found that the above problems can be solved by providing an organic semiconductor layer on a substrate on which a specific insulating layer is laminated, and the present invention is completed. It came to. That is, the present invention includes the following aspects.
- An organic thin film transistor provided with a gate insulating layer comprising an organic-inorganic composite thin film containing the following a) and b). a) Formula (I):
- R represents an organic group in which a carbon atom is directly bonded to Si
- X represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group.
- N represents 1 or 2, and when n is 2, each R is the same or different. And when (4-n) is 2 or more, each X may be the same or different.
- the organosilicon compound represented by the formula (I) is An organosilicon compound Si1 having a R solubility parameter SP1 determined by the Fedors estimation method that is 1.6 or more smaller than the solubility parameter SP2 of the electromagnetic radiation curable compound determined by the Fedors estimation method;
- the solubility parameter SP1 is composed of an organosilicon compound Si2 that is less than 1.6 less than or equal to or greater than the solubility parameter SP2.
- the organosilicon compound represented by the formula (I) is represented by the formula (I-1):
- n 1 or 2
- R 1 may be the same or different from each other
- R 1 is an organic group
- R 1 are vinyl groups
- X represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group, which may be the same or different from each other.
- n 1 or 2
- R 2 may be the same or different
- R 2 is a vinyl group-containing carbonization in which a carbon atom is directly bonded to Si in the formula.
- X represents an organic group other than a hydrogen group
- X represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group, and may be the same or different from each other.
- a display device comprising the organic thin film transistor according to any one of (1) to (3).
- a sensor comprising the organic thin film transistor according to any one of (1) to (3).
- An electronic tag having the organic thin film transistor according to any one of (1) to (3).
- the organic thin film transistor of the present invention maintains adhesiveness with the organic semiconductor layer and exhibits practical carrier mobility.
- 3 is a graph showing transfer characteristics in the organic thin film transistor of Example 1. It is a graph which shows the carrier mobility (field effect mobility) in the saturation area
- FIG. It is a graph which shows the carrier mobility (effective mobility) in the linear area
- 4 is a graph showing output characteristics of the organic thin film transistor of Example 1.
- FIG. (B) It is a graph which shows the carrier mobility (effective mobility) in the linear area
- the organic thin film transistor of the present invention includes an organic semiconductor layer, a source electrode and a drain electrode that are in contact with the organic semiconductor layer, and a gate electrode that is located on the organic semiconductor layer via an insulating layer on the substrate. It is preferable.
- the substrate is a resin substrate.
- resin substrates polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethersulfone (PES), polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polyimide, polycarbonate (PC), cellulose triacetate
- a substrate made of (TAC), cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) or the like can be exemplified, and among them, a substrate made of polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) or polyimide (PI) is preferable.
- the shape of the substrate may be any shape such as a film shape, a sheet shape, and a plate shape, but a film shape is particularly preferable.
- the substrate may be made of an unstretched film or a stretched film. Moreover, even if it is a single layer film, the laminated film which laminated
- the thickness of the substrate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the material for forming the source electrode, the drain electrode and the gate electrode is not particularly limited as long as it is a conductive material. Platinum, gold, silver, nickel, chromium, copper, iron, tin, antimony lead, tantalum, indium, palladium, Tellurium, rhenium, iridium, aluminum, ruthenium, germanium, molybdenum, tungsten, tin oxide / antimony, indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped zinc oxide, zinc, carbon, graphite, glassy carbon, silver paste and carbon paste, lithium , Beryllium, sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, scandium, titanium, manganese, zirconium, gallium, niobium, sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, aluminum, magnesium / copper mixture Magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide mixture, lithium / aluminum mixture, etc.
- a known conductive polymer whose conductivity is improved by doping or the like for example, conductive polyaniline, conductive polypyrrole, conductive polythiophene, a complex of polyethylenedioxythiophene and polystyrenesulfonic acid, or the like is also preferably used. Among them, those having low electric resistance at the contact surface with the organic semiconductor layer are preferable.
- a method for forming an electrode a method for forming an electrode using a known photolithographic method or a lift-off method, using a conductive thin film formed by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering using the above as a raw material, or a metal foil such as aluminum or copper
- a method of etching using a resist by thermal transfer, ink jet, or the like can be given.
- a conductive polymer solution or dispersion, or a conductive fine particle dispersion may be directly patterned by ink jetting, or may be formed from a coating film by lithography or laser ablation.
- a method of patterning an ink containing a conductive polymer or conductive fine particles, a conductive paste, or the like by a printing method such as relief printing, intaglio printing, planographic printing, or screen printing can also be used.
- Metal fine particle dispersions used in such electrodes can be produced in the liquid phase by physical production methods such as gas evaporation, sputtering, and metal vapor synthesis, colloidal methods, and coprecipitation methods.
- Examples of the chemical production method include reducing metal and producing fine metal particles.
- JP-A-11-76800, JP-A-11-80647, JP-A-11-319538, and JP-A-2000-239853 are preferred.
- JP-A-11-76800, JP-A-11-80647, JP-A-11-319538, and JP-A-2000-239853 are preferred.
- JP-A-11-76800, JP-A-11-80647, JP-A-11-319538, and JP-A-2000-239853 are preferred.
- JP-A-11-2000-239853 are preferred.
- the insulating layer is made of (A) an organic-inorganic composite thin film as a gate insulating film.
- the organic-inorganic composite thin film constituting the insulating layer contains at least a) a condensate of an organosilicon compound and b) a cured product of an electromagnetic radiation curable compound.
- R represents an organic group in which a carbon atom is directly bonded to Si
- X represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group.
- n represents 1 or 2, and when n is 2, each R may be the same or different, and when (4-n) is 2 or more, each X may be the same or different.
- examples of the “organic group in which a carbon atom is directly bonded to Si” represented by R include an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group.
- the hydrocarbon group of the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group” is preferably a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, such as an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkylalkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkenyl group. Group, alkynyl group, aryl group, arylalkyl group, arylalkenyl group and the like.
- the “hydrocarbon group” may have an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, or a silicon atom.
- alkyl group a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable.
- examples of the long-chain alkyl group having more than 10 carbon atoms include a lauryl group, a tridecyl group, a myristyl group, a pentadecyl group, a palmityl group, a heptadecyl group, and a stearyl group.
- the cycloalkyl group is preferably a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, and a cyclooctyl group.
- the cycloalkylalkyl group is preferably a cycloalkylalkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms.
- alkenyl group a linear or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and it is a linear or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms having a carbon-carbon double bond at any one or more positions.
- ethenyl group 1-propen-1-yl group, 2-propen-1-yl group, 1-propen-2-yl group, 1-buten-1-yl group, 2-butene- 1-yl group, 3-buten-1-yl group, 1-buten-2-yl group, 3-buten-2-yl group, 1-penten-1-yl group, 4-penten-1-yl group, 1-penten-2-yl group, 4-penten-2-yl group, 3-methyl-1-buten-1-yl group, 1-hexen-1-yl group, 5-hexen-1-yl group, 1 -Hepten-1-yl group, 6-hepten-1-yl group, 1-octene-1- Group, 7-octen-1-yl group, 1,3-butadiene-1-yl group.
- the cycloalkenyl group is preferably a cycloalkenyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, which means an alkenyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms having a carbon-carbon double bond at one or more positions and having a cyclic portion.
- a cycloalkenyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms which means an alkenyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms having a carbon-carbon double bond at one or more positions and having a cyclic portion.
- the alkynyl group is preferably an alkynyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as ethynyl group, 1-propyn-1-yl group, 2-propyn-1-yl group, 1-butyn-1-yl group, 3- Butyn-1-yl group, 1-pentyn-1-yl group, 4-pentyn-1-yl group, 1-hexyn-1-yl group, 5-hexyn-1-yl group, 1-heptin-1-yl Group, 1-octyn-1-yl group, 7-octyn-1-yl group and the like.
- cycloalkylalkyl group a group in which a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms are bonded is preferable.
- a cyclopropylmethyl group, a cyclopropylpropyl group, a cyclobutylmethyl group, a cyclopentyl group examples thereof include a methyl group, a cyclopentylethyl group, a cyclohexylethyl group, and a cycloheptylmethyl group.
- the aryl group means a monocyclic or polycyclic aryl group.
- a polycyclic aryl group in addition to a fully unsaturated group, a partially saturated group is also included.
- a phenyl group, a naphthyl group examples include an azulenyl group, an indenyl group, an indanyl group, a tetralinyl group, and the like, and an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable.
- the arylalkyl group is preferably a group in which an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms are bonded, such as benzyl group, phenethyl group, 3-phenyl-n-propyl group, 4-phenyl group. Examples include -n-butyl group, 5-phenyl-n-pentyl group, 8-phenyl-n-octyl group, naphthylmethyl group and the like.
- the arylalkenyl group is preferably a group in which an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms and an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms are bonded, such as a styryl group, 3-phenyl-1-propen-1-yl group, 3- Phenyl-2-propen-1-yl group, 4-phenyl-1-buten-1-yl group, 4-phenyl-3-buten-1-yl group, 5-phenyl-1-penten-1-yl group, Examples include a 5-phenyl-4-penten-1-yl group, an 8-phenyl-1-octen-1-yl group, an 8-phenyl-7-octen-1-yl group, and a naphthylethenyl group.
- hydrocarbon group having an oxygen atom examples include an oxirane ring (epoxy group) group such as an alkoxyalkyl group, an epoxyalkyl group, and a glycidoxyalkyl group, an acryloxymethyl group, and a methacryloxymethyl group. .
- the alkoxyalkyl group is preferably a group in which an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms are bonded.
- a methoxymethyl group 2-methoxyethyl group, 3-ethoxy-n -Propyl group and the like.
- epoxyalkyl group a linear or branched epoxyalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable.
- glycidyl group glycidylmethyl group, 2-glycidylethyl group, 3-glycidylpropyl group, 4-glycidylbutyl group, Alkyl groups containing linear epoxy groups such as 3,4-epoxybutyl group, 4,5-epoxypentyl group, 5,6-epoxyhexyl group; ⁇ -methylglycidyl group, ⁇ -ethylglycidyl group, ⁇ - Propyl glycidyl group, 2-glycidyl propyl group, 2-glycidyl butyl group, 3-glycidyl butyl group, 2-methyl-3-glycidyl propyl group, 3-methyl-2-glycidyl propyl group, 3-methyl-3,4- Epoxybutyl group, 3-ethyl-3,4-ep
- Examples of the glycidoxyalkyl group include a glycidoxymethyl group and a glycidoxypropyl group.
- the “hydrocarbon group having a nitrogen atom” has —NR ′ 2 (wherein R ′ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group, and each R ′ may be the same as or different from each other). Or a group having —N ⁇ CR ′′ 2 (wherein R ′′ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group, and each R ′′ may be the same as or different from each other).
- Examples of the alkyl group include the same groups as described above, and examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracen-1-yl group, and a phenanthren-1-yl group.
- the group having —NR ′ 2 includes a —CH 2 NH 2 group, a —CH 2 (CH 2 ) 2 NH 2 group, a —CH 2 NHCH 3 group, and the like.
- Examples of the above-mentioned “optionally substituted” substituent include a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, and a methacryloxy group.
- Examples of the alkyl group, alkenyl group, and aryl group are the same as those in R.
- n 1 or 2
- each R may be the same or different.
- these can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- X represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group.
- (4-n) in formula (I) is 2 or more, each X may be the same or different.
- a hydrolyzable group is, for example, a group that can be hydrolyzed to form a silanol group or a siloxane condensate by heating at 25 ° C. to 100 ° C. in the presence of no catalyst and excess water.
- Specific examples include an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, a halogen group atom, an isocyanate group, an unsubstituted or substituted amino group, and the like.
- An acyloxy group having a number of 1 to 6 is preferred.
- Examples of the alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, isobutoxy group, t-butoxy group and the like.
- Examples of the group (however, the carbon number does not include carbon of the carbonyl group) include an acetoxy group and a benzoyloxy group.
- Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- the (A) organic silicon compound condensate contained in the organic-inorganic composite thin film means a condensate of these organosilicon compounds and / or a further condensate of the organosilicon compounds.
- the blending ratio of the organosilicon compound condensate is preferably 2 to 98% by mass, more preferably 5 to 50% by mass, and still more preferably 5 to 30% by mass, based on the solid content of the whole (A) organic-inorganic composite thin film. .
- organosilicon compound used in the present invention include the following mixtures a-1), a-2), and a-3).
- a-1) A compound represented by formula (I-1).
- n 1 or 2
- R 1 may be the same or different
- R 1 is an organic group
- one or more of R 1 are vinyl group-containing carbonized
- X represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group, and may be the same or different from each other.
- the vinyl group-containing hydrocarbon group include an alkenyl group (preferably a C2-C8 alkenyl group) such as a vinyl group, an allyl group, a 3-butenyl group, and a 4-hexenyl group.
- A-2) A compound represented by the formula (I-2).
- n 1 or 2
- R 2 may be the same or different
- R 2 is a vinyl group-containing hydrocarbon group in which a carbon atom is directly bonded to Si in the formula.
- Represents an organic group other than X represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group, and may be the same or different from each other.
- examples of the organic group other than the vinyl group-containing hydrocarbon group include those excluding a vinyl group-containing organic group such as an alkenyl group and an arylalkenyl group from those described in the formula (I).
- the hydrolyzable group include those described in formula (I).
- Hydrolytic condensates thereof, if present.
- the compound represented by the formula (I-2) and the hydrolysis condensate containing the compound as a unit do not necessarily exist.
- Hydrolysis condensate is a dimer or the like in which compounds are hydrolyzed and condensed to form a siloxane bond, and only a compound of formula (I-1) or formula (I-2) is hydrolyzed and condensed.
- the compound of the formula (I-1) and the compound of the formula (I-2) may be hydrolyzed and condensed, or two or more of these may be mixed.
- the unit derived from the compound of the formula (I-2)] ⁇ ⁇ 100 is preferably 0 to 70 mol%, more preferably 5 to 70 mol%.
- the average particle size of the hydrolysis-condensation product is preferably 2 nm to 100 nm, and more preferably 5 nm to 30 nm. If the average particle size is larger than 100 nm, the film becomes cloudy, the solution becomes unstable, and gelation tends to occur. If the average particle size is smaller than 2 nm, the coating properties may be affected.
- organic silicon compounds are used in combination, for example, a combination of vinyltrimethoxysilane and 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and a combination of vinyltrimethoxysilane and 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane can be preferably exemplified.
- the organosilicon compound the carbon number of R 1 is 3 or less is 30 mol% or more, more preferably formulated 50-100 mol%, R 1 It is more preferable that the organosilicon compound having 4 or more carbon atoms is added in an amount of 70 mol% or less, more preferably 0 to 50 mol%.
- the R-solubility parameter SP1 obtained by the Fedors estimation method is the electromagnetic radiation curable compound obtained by the Fedors estimation method.
- the organosilicon compound Si1 is 1.6 or more, preferably 1.6 to 8.5, more preferably 1.6 to 7.2 smaller than the solubility parameter SP2, and the solubility parameter SP1 is the solubility parameter SP2.
- the organic silicon compound Si2 is smaller than 1.6 or smaller than or equal to the solubility parameter SP2, and the molar ratio Si1: Si2 between the organosilicon compound Si1 and the organosilicon compound Si2 is 5: 5 to 10: 0, The ratio is preferably 9: 1 to 10: 0.
- the organosilicon compound differs depending on the type of electromagnetic radiation curable compound used. Since the solubility parameter (SP value) of the organosilicon compound and the electromagnetic radiation curable compound can be calculated based on the Fedors' estimation method, the organosilicon compound and the electromagnetic radiation curable compound can be calculated based on the precalculated SP value. A combination can be determined. In the formula (I), when n is 2 and R is different, the SP value having the larger numerical value is set as the SP1, and the combination with the electromagnetic radiation curable compound is determined.
- SP value solubility parameter
- organosilicon compounds that can be used in the present invention are listed in Table 1 below together with SP values.
- Compound No. 1-No. 15 corresponds to the compound of the above formula (I-1).
- the electromagnetic radiation curable compound used in the present invention is a compound or resin having a functional group that causes a polymerization reaction by irradiation with electromagnetic radiation in the presence of a polymerization initiator added as necessary.
- electromagnetic radiation ultraviolet rays, X-rays, radiation, ionizing radiation, ionizing radiation ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ rays, neutron rays, electron beams) can be used, and light having a wavelength of 350 nm or less is preferable.
- Irradiation with electromagnetic radiation can be performed using, for example, a known apparatus such as an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, a low pressure mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, an excimer lamp, a carbon arc lamp, or a xenon arc lamp.
- the light source is preferably a light source containing light of any wavelength in the range of 150 to 350 nm, and more preferably a light source containing light of any wavelength in the range of 250 to 310 nm.
- the amount of light irradiated to sufficiently cure the organic / inorganic composite thin film forming composition includes, for example, about 0.1 to 100 J / cm 2 , and film curing efficiency (irradiation energy and film curing) In consideration of the degree relationship), it is preferably about 1 to 10 J / cm 2 , more preferably about 1 to 5 J / cm 2 .
- electromagnetic radiation curable compounds examples include (meth) acrylate compounds, epoxy compounds, vinyl compounds excluding acrylate compounds, and the like.
- the number of functional groups is not particularly limited as long as it is 1 or more. Examples of electromagnetic radiation curable compounds that can be used in the present invention are listed in Table 2 below together with SP values.
- the acrylate compounds include polyurethane (meth) acrylate, polyester (meth) acrylate, epoxy poly (meth) acrylate, polyamide (meth) acrylate, polybutadiene (meth) acrylate, and polystyryl (meth). Acrylate, polycarbonate diacrylate, and the like can be used.
- the SP value of these compounds is in the range of 9 to 11 depending on the type of the functional group contained.
- the epoxy poly (meth) acrylate can be obtained, for example, by an esterification reaction between an oxirane ring of a low molecular weight bisphenol type epoxy resin or a novolac epoxy resin and acrylic acid.
- the polyester (meth) acrylate is obtained, for example, by esterifying the hydroxyl group of a polyester oligomer having hydroxyl groups at both ends with acrylic acid, obtained by condensation of a polyvalent carboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol. Alternatively, it can be obtained by esterifying the terminal hydroxyl group of an oligomer obtained by adding an alkylene oxide to a polyvalent carboxylic acid with acrylic acid.
- Urethane (meth) acrylate is a reaction product of an isocyanate compound obtained by reacting a polyol with diisocyanate and an acrylate monomer having a hydroxyl group, and examples of the polyol include polyester polyol, polyether polyol, and polycarbonate diol. .
- urethane (meth) acrylate used in the present invention
- trade names manufactured by Arakawa Chemical Industries, Ltd . Beam Set (registered trademark) 102, 502H, 505A-6, 510, 550B, 551B, 575, 575CB , EM-90, EM92, Sannopco Co., Ltd.
- polyester (meth) acrylate, polyurethane (meth) acrylate, and epoxy poly (meth) acrylate are preferable, and polyurethane (meth) acrylate is more preferable.
- the molecular weight is not limited as long as it dissolves in the composition for forming an organic-inorganic composite thin film, but the mass average molecular weight is preferably 500 to 50,000, more preferably 1,000 to 10,000.
- the amount of the cured product of the electromagnetic radiation curable compound in the organic / inorganic composite thin film is determined based on the solid content of the entire organic / inorganic composite thin film (condensate of organosilicon compound, cured product of the electromagnetic radiation curable compound, and as necessary. 2 to 98% by mass, more preferably 50 to 95% by mass, and still more preferably 70 to 95% by mass with respect to the total mass of the other components blended).
- a polymerization initiator can be mixed. Examples of such an initiator include known compounds such as a compound that generates a cationic species by electromagnetic irradiation and a compound that generates an active radical species by electromagnetic irradiation. An agent can be mentioned.
- the solution for forming the (A) organic-inorganic composite thin film in the present invention is not only an organic silicon compound and an electromagnetic radiation curable compound, but also a metal compound having a polymerization initiator, silanol condensation catalyst ability, water, and / or a solvent as appropriate. It is prepared by mixing.
- metal compound that acts as a silanol condensation catalyst include metal alkoxides, metal chelate compounds, organic acid metal salts, or their hydrolysis condensates, and more specifically, Examples thereof include tetraisopropoxytitanium, diisopropoxybisacetylacetonatotitanium, or a hydrolysis condensate thereof.
- the preparation method is not particularly limited. Specifically, a metal compound such as a metal chelate compound is mixed with a solvent, a predetermined amount of water is added, (partial) hydrolysis is performed, and then the organosilicon compound is added. Addition (partial) hydrolysis, while preparing a heat or electromagnetic radiation curable compound in a solvent and adding a polymerization initiator or curing agent as necessary, and then mixing both solutions Can be illustrated. These four components can be mixed at the same time, and the method of mixing the organosilicon compound and the metal compound, after mixing the organosilicon compound and the metal compound, adding water (partially), A method of mixing separately (partially) hydrolyzed organosilicon compounds and metal compounds can be mentioned.
- the amount of the predetermined amount of water depends on the type of the metal compound. For example, when the metal compound is a metal compound having two or more hydroxyl groups or hydrolyzable groups, the amount of water is 0.5 with respect to 1 mol of the metal compound. It is preferable to use at least mol of water, and more preferably 0.5 to 2 mol of water. When the metal compound is a metal chelate compound or an organic acid metal salt, it is preferable to use 5 to 100 mol of water with respect to 1 mol of the metal chelate compound or organic acid metal salt, and 5 to 20 mol of water is used. It is more preferable.
- A) As a condensate of an organosilicon compound a product obtained by (partially) hydrolyzing an organosilicon compound using a known silanol condensation catalyst may be used.
- the composition for forming an organic-inorganic composite thin film preferably contains water and / or a solvent in addition to the above components.
- the solvent to be used is not particularly limited.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene
- aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane and octane
- alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane and cyclopentane.
- Ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone; ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane; esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide Sulphoxides such as dimethyl sulphoxide; alcohols such as methanol and ethanol; polyhydric alcohol derivatives such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate; These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the silanol condensation catalyst include acids and bases in addition to the metal compounds.
- Examples of the acid include organic acids and mineral acids. Specific examples of the organic acid include acetic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, carbonic acid, phthalic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, and the like.
- Examples of the mineral acid include hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, boric acid, borohydrofluoric acid, and the like.
- a photoacid generator that generates an acid by light irradiation, specifically, diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate, triphenylphosphonium hexafluorophosphate, and the like are also included.
- the base include strong bases such as tetramethylguanidine and tetramethylguanidylpropyltrimethoxysilane; organic amines, carboxylic acid neutralized salts of organic amines, quaternary ammonium salts and the like.
- the solid content in the organic / inorganic composite thin film forming solution in the present invention is preferably 1 to 98% by mass, more preferably 10 to 60% by mass, and still more preferably 15 to 45% by mass.
- the organic-inorganic composite thin film can be produced by applying the above-described organic-inorganic composite thin film forming solution on a resin substrate, and drying and / or heating, plasma treatment, or UV ozone treatment.
- the organic-inorganic composite thin film is a film in which the concentration of carbon atoms at a depth of 10 nm from the surface, measured by ESCA analysis, is 20% or less less than the concentration of carbon atoms at a depth of 100 nm from the surface.
- the “carbon atom concentration” means the molar concentration of carbon atoms when (total metal atom + oxygen atom + carbon atom) is 100%. The same applies to the concentrations of other elements.
- a coating method of the organic / inorganic composite thin film forming solution a known coating method can be used. For example, dipping method, spray method, bar coating method, roll coating method, spin coating method, curtain coating method, gravure printing method. , Silk screen method, ink jet method and the like.
- the film thickness to be formed is not particularly limited and is, for example, about 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the drying / heating treatment of the film formed by applying the organic / inorganic composite thin film forming solution is preferably performed, for example, at 40 to 200 ° C. for about 0.5 to 120 minutes, and at 60 to 160 ° C. for 1 to 1 minute. More preferably, it is performed for about 60 minutes, more preferably about 60 to 120 ° C. for about 1 to 60 minutes.
- the insulating layer has the above structure as a gate insulating film. Therefore, in the organic thin film transistor, the affinity between the insulating layer and the organic semiconductor layer is improved, and the leakage current can be suppressed. Organic thin film transistors have practical carrier mobility.
- Organic semiconductor layer As a material of the organic semiconductor layer constituting the organic thin film transistor, a ⁇ -conjugated material is used.
- a ⁇ -conjugated material is used.
- polypyrrole poly (N-substituted pyrrole), poly (3-substituted pyrrole), poly (3,4-disubstituted pyrrole)
- Polypyrroles such as: polythiophene, poly (3-substituted thiophene), poly (3,4-disubstituted thiophene), polythiophenes such as polybenzothiophene, polyisothianaphthenes such as polyisothianaphthene, polychenylene vinylene Polychenylene vinylenes such as; poly (p-phenylene vinylene) such as poly (p-phenylene vinylene), polyaniline, poly (N-substituted aniline), poly (3-substituted aniline), poly
- Polyfurans poly (p-phenylene) s such as poly (p-phenylene); polyindoles such as polyindole; polypyridazines such as polypyridazine; naphthacene, pentacene, hexacene, heptacene, dibenzopentacene, tetrabenzopentacene , Pyrene, dibenzopyrene, chrysene, perylene, coronene, terylene, ovarene, quaterylene, circaanthracene and other polyacenes; a part of carbon of polyacenes such as N, S and O atoms, carbonyl group Derivatives substituted with functional groups such as triphenodioxazine, triphenodithiazine, hexacene-6,15-quinone, etc .; polymers such as polyvinyl carbazole, polyphenylene sulfide, polyvinylene
- Oligomers such as 3-butoxypropyl) - ⁇ -sexithiophene and styrylbenzene derivatives can also be preferably used.
- metal phthalocyanines such as copper phthalocyanine and fluorine-substituted copper phthalocyanine described in JP-A-11-251601; naphthalene 1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid diimide, N, N′-bis (4-trifluoromethyl) Benzyl) naphthalene 1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid diimide, as well as N, N′-bis (1H, 1H-perfluorooctyl), N, N′-bis (1H, 1H-perfluorobutyl) and N, N '-Dioctylnaphthalene 1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid diimide derivative, naphthalene 2,3,6,7 tetracarboxylic acid diimide and other naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid diimides, and anthracene 2,3,6,7-tetra Condensed ring test such as
- thiophene, vinylene, chelenylene vinylene, phenylene vinylene, p-phenylene, a substituent thereof, or two or more of these are used as repeating units, and the number n of the repeating units is 4 to 4 At least 1 selected from the group consisting of an oligomer of 10 or a polymer in which the number n of repeating units is 20 or more, a condensed polycyclic aromatic compound such as pentacene, fullerenes, condensed ring tetracarboxylic diimides, and metal phthalocyanine Species are preferred.
- organic semiconductor materials include tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) -tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) complex, bisethylenetetrathiafulvalene (BEDTTTTF) -perchloric acid complex, BEDTTTTF-iodine complex, TCNQ-iodine complex.
- TTF tetrathiafulvalene
- TCNQ bisethylenetetrathiafulvalene
- BEDTTTTF bisethylenetetrathiafulvalene
- TCNQ-iodine complex TCNQ-iodine complex
- Organic molecular complexes such as can also be used.
- ⁇ conjugated polymers such as polysilane and polygerman, and organic / inorganic hybrid materials described in JP-A-2000-260999 can also be used.
- the organic semiconductor layer can be produced by vacuum deposition, molecular beam epitaxial growth, ion cluster beam method, low energy ion beam method, ion plating method, CVD method, sputtering method, plasma polymerization method, electrolytic polymerization method, chemical polymerization method, etc.
- the method include a combination method, a spray coating method, a spin coating method, a blade coating method, a dip coating method, a casting method, a roll coating method, a bar coating method, a die coating method, and an LB method.
- a spin coating method, a blade coating method, a dip coating method, a roll coating method, a bar coating method, a die coating method, or a method capable of easily and precisely forming a thin film using an organic semiconductor solution, or A casting method or the like is preferable.
- a gap casting method or an edge casting method which is a special casting method, is preferable for controlling the orientation of the molecular compound constituting the organic semiconductor layer.
- a precursor such as pentacene that is soluble in a solvent is a target organic material obtained by heat-treating the precursor film formed by coating.
- a thin film may be formed.
- the characteristic of the obtained element is largely influenced by the film thickness of the active layer which consists of organic semiconductors, and the film thickness changes with organic semiconductors. Is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 10 to 300 nm.
- the organic thin film transistor of the present invention preferably includes a dopant layer between the source and drain electrodes and the organic semiconductor layer.
- the dopant layer include materials having functional groups such as acrylic acid, acetamide, dimethylamino group, cyano group, carboxyl group, and nitro group, benzoquinone derivatives, tetracyanoethylene and tetracyanoquinodimethane, and derivatives thereof.
- Materials that accept electrons such as materials having functional groups such as amino, triphenyl, alkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, and phenyl groups, substituted amines such as phenylenediamine, anthracene, benzo Even if it contains a material that becomes a donor as an electron donor, such as anthracene, substituted benzoanthracenes, pyrene, substituted pyrene, carbazole and its derivative, tetrathiafulvalene and its derivative, etc. Good.
- the doping treatment means introducing an electron-donating molecule (acceptor) or an electron-donating molecule (donor) into the organic semiconductor layer as a dopant. Therefore, the doped organic semiconductor layer is a thin film containing the condensed polycyclic aromatic compound and the dopant.
- a well-known thing can be employ
- the material used for the dopant layer further include ferric chloride, TCNQ, F4TCNQ (tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane), fullerene and derivatives thereof, and F4TCNQ is preferable.
- a self-assembled monolayer In order to increase the charge mobility of the organic semiconductor layer between the insulating layer and the organic semiconductor layer, a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) is preferably provided. Moreover, it is also possible to control the threshold voltage by providing the SAM.
- SAM self-assembled monolayer
- components for forming SAM include octadecyltrichlorosilane, octadecyltrimethoxysilane, decyltrichlorosilane, decyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -phenethyltrichlorosilane, ⁇ -phenethyltrimethoxysilane ( ⁇ -PTS),
- Examples include trichloromethylsilazane, alkane phosphoric acid, alkane phosphonic acid, alkane sulfonic acid, alkane carboxylic acid and the like.
- the organic thin film transistor of the present invention can be used by being incorporated into various electronic devices.
- a drive element that is actively driven in various display devices such as a liquid crystal display device, an organic EL display device, and electronic paper
- a transistor element used in various sensors, and a memory together with a capacitor in an electronic tag (IC tag) can be used as an element.
- the average particle size of titanium oxide was 4.1 nm and was monodispersed.
- organosilicon compounds vinyltrimethoxysilane (KBS-1003, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) (SP value: 7.00) and 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KBM-503, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- Example 1 A polyethylene naphthalate film (PEN film) was used as the substrate.
- PEN film a polyethylene naphthalate film
- EX-400 vacuum vapor deposition machine “EX-400” (vacuum degree: 1.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa) manufactured by ULVAC
- a chromium (Cr) layer having a thickness of 3 nm and a gold ( An Au) layer and a 5 nm thick chromium (Cr) layer were laminated in this order to form a gate electrode.
- a spin coater 2000 rpm
- the organic-inorganic composite thin film forming solution [E-1] prepared in Production Example 1 is diluted 4 times with a diluting solution on the gate electrode, and coated and dried for 20 seconds.
- a PEN film having an insulating layer formed on the gate electrode was cut into 2.5 ⁇ 2.5 cm 2 .
- an organic semiconductor layer was formed in accordance with a coating method developed by the present inventors (edge casting: Appl. Phys. Exp. 2, 111501 (2009)). That is, a piece of silicon substrate for holding a solution (hereinafter also referred to as “solution holding structure”) was placed on the cut PEN film.
- an organic semiconductor solution (C10-DNBDT, manufactured by Pie Crystal Co., Ltd.) was hung on the edge of the solution holding structure at 75 ° C.
- the crystal was attached to the substrate while the crystal was growing as the solvent evaporated, and the crystal growth was completed in a few minutes.
- the crystal film was completely dried (film thickness: 10 to 100 nm) by allowing it to stand at room temperature for 1 hour under reduced pressure and further for 8 hours at 100 ° C. under reduced pressure.
- a 1 nm thick dopant layer made of F4-TCNQ was formed using a shadow mask of a channel (L: 100 ⁇ m, W: 2000 ⁇ m), and then gold was used.
- a bottom gate / top contact type organic thin film transistor was fabricated by vapor deposition with a thickness of 40 nm.
- FIG. 1A shows the result of the saturation region of the organic thin film transistor of Example 1
- FIG. 1B shows the result of the linear region of the organic thin film transistor of Example 1. From the result of FIG. 1A, the carrier mobility and the threshold voltage in the saturation region of the organic thin film transistor of Example 1 were calculated using the following formula (1).
- I D is a drain current
- W is the channel width
- L is channel length of
- mu is the carrier mobility
- C OX is per unit area of the gate insulating film capacitance
- V G is the gate voltage
- V T is It is a threshold voltage.
- the mobility was measured while the drain voltage (V D ) was ⁇ 30 V and the gate voltage (V G ) was changed from 20 V to ⁇ 30 V.
- a carrier mobility of 5.2 cm 2 / Vs could be obtained in the saturation region.
- the threshold voltage was 1.9V. From the result of FIG. 1B, the carrier mobility and the threshold voltage in the linear region of the organic thin film transistor of Example 1 were calculated using the following formula (2).
- the mobility was measured by setting the drain voltage (V D ) to ⁇ 1 V and changing the gate voltage (V G ) from 20 V to ⁇ 30 V. In the linear region, a carrier mobility of 4.5 cm 2 / Vs could be obtained.
- the threshold voltage was -4.3V.
- 2A and 2B show changes in carrier mobility with respect to the gate voltage obtained from the above equations (1) and (2).
- 2A shows the carrier mobility (field effect mobility) in the saturation region of the organic thin film transistor of Example 1
- FIG. 2B shows the carrier mobility (effective mobility) in the linear region of the organic thin film transistor of Example 1. is there. From FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, it was confirmed that effective carrier mobility was shown with respect to the gate voltage.
- FIG. 3 shows the output characteristics of the organic thin film transistor of Example 1.
- Example 2 In Example 2, before forming the organic semiconductor layer on the PEN film on which the gate electrode and the insulating layer were formed, self-conversion of ⁇ -phenethyltrichlorosilane ( ⁇ -PTS) (Shin-Etsu Chemical LP-1990) was performed on the insulating layer. The difference from Example 1 is that an organized monolayer was formed.
- the self-assembled monolayer is a PEN film on which a gate electrode and an insulating layer are formed by UV ozone cleaning for 10 minutes using a UV ozone cleaning device (manufactured by Sen Special Light Source), and further in ⁇ -phenethyltrichlorosilane. It was immersed for 18 hours and formed on the insulating layer.
- Example 2 the transport properties were measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- 4A shows the result of the saturation region of the organic thin film transistor of Example 2
- FIG. 4B shows the result of the linear region of the organic thin film transistor of Example 2.
- the carrier mobility and threshold voltage in the saturation region were calculated.
- the drain voltage (V D ) was ⁇ 30 V
- the mobility was measured by changing the gate voltage (V G ) from 20 V to ⁇ 30 V.
- a carrier mobility of 4.5 cm 2 / Vs could be obtained in the saturation region.
- the threshold voltage was 16V.
- the carrier mobility and the threshold voltage in the linear region were calculated from the result of FIG. 4B.
- the mobility was measured by changing the drain voltage (V D ) to ⁇ 1 V and changing the gate voltage (V G ) from 20 V to ⁇ 30 V.
- a carrier mobility of 4.0 cm 2 / Vs could be obtained in the linear region.
- the threshold voltage was 29V. It can be confirmed that the threshold voltage can be controlled without significantly changing the carrier mobility by forming the self-assembled monolayer.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B show changes in carrier mobility with respect to the gate voltage obtained from the above formulas (1) and (2).
- FIG. 5A shows the carrier mobility (field effect mobility) in the saturation region of the organic thin film transistor of Example 2
- FIG. 5B of the organic thin film transistor of Example 2 shows the carrier mobility (effective mobility) in the linear region. is there.
- FIG. 6 shows the output characteristics of the organic thin film transistor of Example 2.
- the organic thin film transistor of the present invention maintains adhesiveness with the organic semiconductor layer and exhibits practical carrier mobility.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2015年1月14日に日本に出願された特願2015-005413号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
また、有機溶媒と単量体との溶解性に優れ、かつ高誘電率を有する新たな有機絶縁体組成物として、i)下記式1で表される有機/無機金属ハイブリッド物質と、ii)単量体および/または有機高分子と、iii)前記成分i)及びii)を溶解する溶媒と、を含む有機絶縁体組成物が知られている。下記式(1)で表わされる化合物は、有機シラン化合物と有機金属化合物とを、有機溶媒中、酸または塩基触媒と水とを用いて加水分解反応または重縮合反応させて得られることが知られている(特許文献2を参照)。
本発明は、有機半導体層との接着性を維持し、かつ実用的なキャリア移動度を有する有機薄膜トランジスタを提供することを目的とする。
すなわち、本発明は、以下の態様を含む。
(1)下記a)及びb)を含有する有機無機複合薄膜からなるゲート絶縁層を備えた有機薄膜トランジスタ。
a)式(I):
b)電磁線硬化性化合物の硬化物。
(2)前記式(I)で表される有機ケイ素化合物が、
Fedorsの推算法により求められたRの溶解パラメータSP1が、Fedorsの推算法により求められた電磁線硬化性化合物の溶解パラメータSP2よりも1.6以上小さい有機ケイ素化合物Si1と、
前記溶解パラメータSP1が、前記溶解パラメータSP2より1.6未満小さい又は前記溶解パラメータSP2と等しいか大きい有機ケイ素化合物Si2からなり、
前記有機ケイ素化合物Si1と前記有機ケイ素化合物Si2のモル比Si1:Si2が5:5~10:0である前記(1)に記載の有機薄膜トランジスタ。
(3)前記式(I)で表される有機ケイ素化合物が、式(I-1):
式(I-2)
{〔式(I-1)の化合物〕+〔存在するならば、加水分解縮合物中の式(I-1)の化合物由来の単位〕}/{〔式(I-1)の化合物〕+〔式(I-2)の化合物〕+〔存在するならば、加水分解縮合物中の式(I-1)の化合物由来の単位〕+〔存在するならば、加水分解縮合物中の式(I-2)の化合物由来の単位〕}×100=30~100モル%、かつ、
{〔式(I-2)の化合物〕+〔存在するならば、加水分解縮合物中の式(I-2)の化合物由来の単位〕}/{〔式(I-1)の化合物〕+〔式(I-2)の化合物〕+〔存在するならば、加水分解縮合物中の式(I-1)の化合物由来の単位〕+〔存在するならば、加水分解縮合物中の式(I-2)の化合物由来の単位〕}×100=0~70モル%である前記(1)に記載の有機薄膜トランジスタ。
(5)前記(1)~(3)のいずれか一つに記載の有機薄膜トランジスタを備えたセンサ。
(6)前記(1)~(3)のいずれか一つに記載の有機薄膜トランジスタを有する電子タグ。
本発明の有機薄膜トランジスタは、基板上に、有機半導体層と、該有機半導体層に接触するソース電極及びドレイン電極と、前記有機半導体層に対して絶縁層を介して位置するゲート電極を備えていることが好ましい。
基板としては、樹脂基板が挙げられる。樹脂基板としては、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)、ポリエーテルスルホン(PES)、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリアリレート、ポリイミド、ボリカーボネート(PC)、セルローストリアセテート(TAC)、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート(CAP)等からなる基板を例示することができ、中でも、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)、ポリイミド(PI)からなる基板が好ましい。基板の形状は、フィルム状、シート状、板状等どのような形状であってもかまわないが、特にフィルム状であるのが好ましい。
ソース電極、ドレイン電極及びゲート電極を形成する材料は、導電性材料であれば特に限定されず、白金、金、銀、ニッケル、クロム、銅、鉄、錫、アンチモン鉛、タンタル、インジウム、パラジウム、テルル、レニウム、イリジウム、アルミニウム、ルテニウム、ゲルマニウム、モリブデン、タングステン、酸化スズ・アンチモン、酸化インジウム・スズ(ITO)、フッ素ドープ酸化亜鉛、亜鉛、炭素、グラファイト、グラッシーカーボン、銀ペーストおよびカーボンペースト、リチウム、ベリリウム、ナトリウム、マグネシウム、カリウム、カルシウム、スカンジウム、チタン、マンガン、ジルコニウム、ガリウム、ニオブ、ナトリウム、ナトリウム-カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、アルミニウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム混合物、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物等が用いられるが、特に、白金、金、銀、銅、アルミニウム、インジウム、ITO、炭素、クロム/金/クロムの積層体が好ましい。あるいはドーピング等で導電率を向上させた公知の導電性ポリマー、例えば導電性ポリアニリン、導電性ポリピロール、導電性ポリチオフェン、ポリエチレンジオキシチオフェンとポリスチレンスルホン酸の錯体なども好適に用いられる。中でも有機半導体層との接触面において電気抵抗が少ないものが好ましい。
絶縁層は、ゲート絶縁膜として、(A)有機無機複合薄膜からなる。
本発明に用いられる有機ケイ素化合物は、以下の式(I)で表される。
上記「置換されていてもよい炭化水素基」の炭化水素基としては、炭素数1~30の炭化水素基が好ましく、例えば、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、シクロアルキルアルキル基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリール基、アリールアルキル基、アリールアルケニル基等が挙げられる。
有機ケイ素化合物の縮合物の配合割合は、(A)有機無機複合薄膜全体の固形分に対して2~98質量%が好ましく、5~50質量%がより好ましく、5~30質量%が更に好ましい。
a-1) 式(I-1)で表される化合物。
式(I-2)で表される化合物及びそれを単位として含有する加水分解縮合物は必ずしも存在しなくてもよい。加水分解縮合物とは、化合物同士が加水分解縮合してシロキサン結合を形成した2量体等であって、式(I-1)又は式(I-2)の化合物のみが加水分解縮合した物であってもよく、式(I-1)の化合物と式(I-2)の化合物とが加水分解縮合した物であってもよく、これらの2種以上が混在していてもよい。
一方、{〔式(I-2)の化合物〕+〔存在するならば、加水分解縮合物中の式(I-2)の化合物由来の単位〕}/{〔式(I-1)の化合物〕+〔式(I-2)の化合物〕+〔存在するならば、加水分解縮合物中の式(I-1)の化合物由来の単位〕+〔存在するならば、加水分解縮合物中の式(I-2)の化合物由来の単位〕}×100は、好ましくは0~70モル%であり、より好ましくは5~70モル%である。
また、加水分解縮合物の平均粒子径は2nm~100nmが好ましく、5nm~30nmであることがより好ましい。平均粒子径が100nmより大きいと膜が白濁し、溶液が不安定となりゲル化し易くなる。平均粒子径が2nmより小さいと塗膜性に影響が出る場合がある。
有機ケイ素化合物を組み合わせて使用する場合、例えば、ビニルトリメトキシシランと3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシランの組み合わせ、ビニルトリメトキシシランと3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシランの組み合わせを好ましく例示できる。
前記式(I)において、nが2であり、かつ、Rが異なる場合、数値が大きい方のSP値を前記SP1として、電磁線硬化性化合物との組み合わせを決定する。
本発明に用いられる電磁線硬化性化合物とは、必要に応じて添加される重合開始剤の存在下、電磁線の照射により重合反応を起こす官能基を有する化合物あるいは樹脂のことであり、用いられる電磁線としては、紫外線、X線、放射線、イオン化放射線、電離性放射線(α、β、γ線、中性子線、電子線)を用いることができ、350nm以下の波長を含む光が好ましい。
電磁線の照射には、例えば、超高圧水銀ランプ、高圧水銀ランプ、低圧水銀ランプ、メタルハライドランプ、エキシマーランプ、カーボンアークランプ、キセノンアークランプ等の公知の装置を用いて行うことができ、照射する光源としては、150~350nmの範囲のいずれかの波長の光を含む光源であることが好ましく、250~310nmの範囲のいずれかの波長の光を含む光源であることがより好ましい。
また、有機無機複合薄膜形成用組成物を十分に硬化させるために照射する光の照射光量としては、例えば、0.1~100J/cm2程度が挙げられ、膜硬化効率(照射エネルギーと膜硬化程度の関係)を考慮すると、1~10J/cm2程度であることが好ましく、1~5J/cm2程度であることがより好ましい。
ポリエステル(メタ)アクリレートは、例えば、多価カルボン酸と多価アルコールの縮合によって得られる、両末端に水酸基を有するポリエステルオリゴマーの水酸基をアクリル酸でエステル化することにより得られる。または、多価カルボン酸にアルキレンオキシドを付加して得られるオリゴマーの末端の水酸基をアクリル酸でエステル化することにより得られる。
ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートは、ポリオールとジイソシアネートとを反応させて得られるイソシアネート化合物と、水酸基を有するアクリレートモノマーとの反応生成物であり、ポリオールとしては、ポリエステルポリオール、ポリエーテルポリオール、ポリカーボネートジオールが挙げられる。
分子量は、有機無機複合薄膜形成用組成物中に溶解する限り限度はないが、質量平均分子量として500~50,000が好ましく、1,000~10,000がより好ましい。
本発明においては、重合開始剤を混合することができ、そのような開始剤としては、電磁線照射によりカチオン種を発生させる化合物及び電磁線照射により活性ラジカル種を発生させる化合物等の公知の開始剤を挙げることができる。
[有機無機複合薄膜形成用溶液の調製]
本発明における(A)有機無機複合薄膜の形成用溶液は、有機ケイ素化合物、電磁線硬化性化合物のほか、適宜、重合開始剤、シラノール縮合触媒能等を有する金属化合物、水及び/又は溶媒等を混合して調製される。
なお、シラノール縮合触媒として作用する金属化合物としては、具体的には、金属アルコキシド、金属キレート化合物、有機酸金属塩またはそれらの加水分解縮合物等を例示することができ、さらに具体的には、テトライソプロポキシチタン、ジイソプロポキシビスアセチルアセトナートチタン、またはその加水分解縮合物等を例示することができる。
用いる溶媒としては、特に制限されるものではなく、例えば、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素類;ヘキサン、オクタン等の脂肪族炭化水素類;シクロヘキサン、シクロペンタン等の脂環族炭化水素類;アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン等のケトン類;テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン等のエーテル類;酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル等のエステル類;N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド等のアミド類;ジメチルスルホキシド等のスルホキシド類;メタノール、エタノール等のアルコール類;エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート等の多価アルコール誘導体類等が挙げられる。これらの溶媒は1種単独で、あるいは2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
酸としては、有機酸、鉱酸が挙げられ、具体的には例えば、有機酸としては酢酸、ギ酸、シュウ酸、炭酸、フタル酸、トリフルオロ酢酸、p-トルエンスルホン酸、メタンスルホン酸等、鉱酸としては、塩酸、硝酸、ホウ酸、ホウフッ化水素酸等が挙げられる。
ここで、光照射によって酸を発生する光酸発生剤、具体的には、ジフェニルヨードニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート、トリフェニルホスホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート等も包含される。
塩基としては、テトラメチルグアニジン、テトラメチルグアニジルプロピルトリメトキシシラン等の強塩基類;有機アミン類、有機アミンのカルボン酸中和塩、4級アンモニウム塩等が挙げられる。
(A)有機無機複合薄膜は、上述した有機無機複合薄膜形成用溶液を樹脂基板上に塗布し、乾燥及び/又は加熱する工程、プラズマ処理もしくはUVオゾン処理を施す工程を経ることにより製造できる。
ここで、「炭素原子の濃度」とは、(全金属原子+酸素原子+炭素原子)を100%としたときの炭素原子のモル濃度を意味する。他の元素の濃度も同様である。
有機薄膜トランジスタを構成する有機半導体層の材料としては、π共役系材料が用いられ、例えばポリピロール、ポリ(N-置換ピロール)、ポリ(3-置換ピロール)、ポリ(3,4-二置換ピロール)などのポリピロール類;ポリチオフェン、ポリ(3-置換チオフェン)、ポリ(3,4-二置換チオフェン)、ポリベンゾチオフェンなどのポリチオフェン類、ポリイソチアナフテンなどのポリイソチアナフテン類、ポリチェニレンビニレンなどのポリチェニレンビニレン類;ポリ(p-フェニレンビニレン)などのポリ(p-フェニレンビニレン)類、ポリアニリン、ポリ(N-置換アニリン)、ポリ(3-置換アニリン)、ポリ(2,3-置換アニリン)などのポリアニリン類、ポリアセチレンなどのポリアセチレン類;ポリジアセチレンなどのポリジアセチレン類、ポリアズレンなどのポリアズレン類、ポリピレンなどのポリピレン類、ポリカルバゾール、ポリ(N-置換カルバゾール)などのポリカルバゾール類、ポリセレノフェンなどのポリセレノフェン類;ポリフラン、ポリベンゾフランなどのポリフラン類;ポリ(p-フェニレン)などのポリ(p-フェニレン)類;ポリインドールなどのポリインドール類、ポリピリダジンなどのポリピリダジン類;ナフタセン、ペンタセン、ヘキサセン、ヘプタセン、ジベンゾペンタセン、テトラベンゾペンタセン、ピレン、ジベンゾピレン、クリセン、ペリレン、コロネン、テリレン、オバレン、クオテリレン、サーカムアントラセンなどのポリアセン類;ポリアセン類の炭素の一部をN、S、Oなどの原子、カルボニル基などの官能基に置換した誘導体(トリフェノジオキサジン、トリフェノジチアジン、ヘキサセン-6,15-キノンなど);ポリビニルカルバゾール、ポリフエニレンスルフィド、ポリビニレンスルフィドなどのポリマー;特開平11-195790号公報に記載された多環縮合体などを用いることができる。
本発明の有機薄膜トランジスタは、ソース電極及びドレイン電極と、有機半導体層との間にドーパント層を備えていることが好ましい。ドーパント層としては、たとえば、アクリル酸、アセトアミド、ジメチルアミノ基、シアノ基、カルボキシル基、ニトロ基などの官能基を有する材料や、ベンゾキノン誘導体、テトラシアノエチレンおよびテトラシアノキノジメタンやそれらの誘導体などのように電子を受容するアクセプターとなる材料や、たとえばアミノ基、トリフェニル基、アルキル基、水酸基、アルコキシ基、フェニル基などの官能基を有する材料、フェニレンジアミンなどの置換アミン類、アントラセン、ベンゾアントラセン、置換ベンゾアントラセン類、ピレン、置換ピレン、カルバゾールおよびその誘導体、テトラチアフルバレンとその誘導体などのように電子の供与体であるドナーとなるような材料を含有させ、いわゆるドーピング処理を施してもよい。
ドーパント層に用いられる材料としては、更に、塩化第二鉄、TCNQ、F4TCNQ(テトラフルオロテトラシアノキノジメタン)、フラーレンとその誘導体等が挙げられ、F4TCNQが好ましい。
また、絶縁層と有機半導体層の間に有機半導体層の電荷移動度を高めるために、自己組織化単分子膜(SAM)を備えていることが好ましい。またSAMを備えることで、閾値電圧の制御を行うことも可能である。SAMを形成させるための成分として、具体的には、オクタデシルトリクロロシラン、オクタデシルトリメトキシシラン、デシルトリクロロシラン、デシルトリメトキシシラン、β-フェネチルトリクロロシラン、β-フェネチルトリメトキシシラン(β-PTS)、トリクロロメチルシラザンや、アルカン燐酸、アルカンホスホン酸、アルカンスルホン酸、アルカンカルボン酸等を例示することができる。
ジイソプロポキシビスアセチルアセトナートチタン(日本曹達株式会社製、T-50、酸化チタン換算固形分量:16.5重量%)30.3gをソルミックス(登録商標)AP-7(日本アルコール販売(株)社製)58.4gに溶解後、攪拌しながらイオン交換水11.3g(チタンに対して10倍モル)をゆっくり滴下し、加水分解させた。1日後に溶液を濾過し、黄色透明な酸化チタン換算濃度5重量%の酸化チタンナノ分散液[A-1]を得た。酸化チタンの平均粒径は4.1nmで単分散性であった。
有機ケイ素化合物として、ビニルトリメトキシシラン(信越化学工業株式会社製、KBM-1003)(SP値:7.00)と3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(信越化学工業株式会社製、KBM-503)(SP値:9.48)を7/3(=ビニルトリメトキシシラン/3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン)のモル比で混合した液[B-1]を使用した。
元素比(Ti/Si=1/9)になるように上記[A-1]と[B-1]を混合し、12時間攪拌した液[C-1]を作製した。[C-1]の固形分は29.2重量%であった。
電磁線硬化性化合物として、ウレタンアクリレートオリゴマー(日本合成化学工業株式会社製、紫光UV1700B)(SP値:10~11)を40重量%となるようにメチルイソブチルケトン(MIBK)に溶解させた。この溶液に光重合開始剤として、1-ヒドロキシ-シクロヘキシルフェニルケトン(和光純薬工業株式会社製)をウレタンアクリレートオリゴマーの固形分に対して4重量%となるように溶解させ、溶液[D-1]を作製した。
固形分の割合が10重量%/90重量%=[C-1]/[D-1]となるように、上記[C-1]液と[D-1]溶液を混合させ、有機無機複合薄膜形成用溶液[E-1]を作製した。
基板としてポリエチレンナフタレートフィルム(PENフィルム)を用いた。該PENフィルム上に、アルバック社製真空蒸着機「EX-400」(真空度:1.3×10-4Pa)を用いて、厚さ3nmのクロム(Cr)層、厚さ20nmの金(Au)層、及び厚さ5nmのクロム(Cr)層をこの順で積層して、ゲート電極を形成した。
次いで、ゲート電極上に、スピンコーター(2000rpm)を用いて、製造例1で調製した有機無機複合薄膜形成溶液[E-1]を希釈液で4倍に希釈して20秒間で塗工、乾燥(温風乾燥、80℃、3分間)、紫外線照射(集光型高圧水銀灯、160W/cm、ランプ高9.8cm、積算照射量約500mJ/cm2)して膜厚650nmの絶縁層を得た。
次いで、ゲート電極上に絶縁層を形成したPENフィルムを2.5×2.5cm2に切り出した。
次に、本発明者らが開発した塗布法(エッジキャスト:Appl. Phys. Exp. 2, 111501 (2009))に準拠し、有機半導体層を形成した。すなわち、前記切り出したPENフィルム上に、溶液保持用のシリコン基板の欠片(以下「溶液保持構造」ともいう。)を置いた。基板を傾けながら、有機半導体溶液(パイクリスタル社製、C10-DNBDT)を、75℃で溶液保持構造のエッジに垂らした。溶媒の蒸発とともに結晶が成長しながら基板に貼り付き、数分で結晶成長が完了した。この状態で減圧下、室温で1時間、さらに、減圧下100℃で8時間放置し、結晶膜を完全に乾燥した(膜厚:10~100nm)。
この有機半導体層上にソース・ドレイン電極を作製するため、チャネル(L:100μm,W:2000μm)のシャドーマスクを用いて、F4-TCNQからなる厚さ1nmのドーパント層を形成した後、金を40nmの厚さで蒸着し、ボトムゲート・トップコンタクト型の有機薄膜トランジスタを作製した。
図1Aは、実施例1の有機薄膜トランジスタの飽和領域の結果を示すものであり、図1Bは、実施例1の有機薄膜トランジスタの線形領域の結果を示すものである。
図1Aの結果から、下記式(1)を用いて、実施例1の有機薄膜トランジスタの飽和領域におけるキャリア移動度及び閾値電圧を算出した。
ドレイン電圧(VD)は-30Vとし、ゲート電圧(VG)を20V~-30Vに変化させて移動度を測定した。飽和領域において5.2cm2/Vsのキャリア移動度を得ることができた。閾値電圧は、1.9Vであった。
図1Bの結果から、下記式(2)を用いて、実施例1の有機薄膜トランジスタの線形領域におけるキャリア移動度及び閾値電圧を算出した。
実施例2は、ゲート電極と絶縁層を形成したPENフィルム上に有機半導体層を形成する前に、絶縁層上にβ-フェネチルトリクロロシラン(β-PTS)(信越化学製LP-1990)の自己組織化単分子膜を形成した点が実施例1と異なる。自己組織化単分子膜は、ゲート電極と絶縁層を形成したPENフィルムを、UVオゾン洗浄装置(セン特殊光源社製)を用いて10分間UVオゾン洗浄を行い、さらにβ-フェネチルトリクロロシラン中に18時間浸漬し、絶縁層上に形成した。
図4Aの結果から、飽和領域におけるキャリア移動度及び閾値電圧を算出した。実施例1と同様に、ドレイン電圧(VD)は-30Vとし、ゲート電圧(VG)を20V~-30Vに変化させて移動度を測定した。飽和領域において4.5cm2/Vsのキャリア移動度を得ることができた。閾値電圧は、16Vであった。
また、図4Bの結果から、線形領域におけるキャリア移動度及び閾値電圧を算出した。実施例1と同様に、ドレイン電圧(VD)は-1Vとし、ゲート電圧(VG)を20V~-30Vに変化させて移動度を測定した。線形領域では4.0cm2/Vsのキャリア移動度を得ることができた。閾値電圧は、29Vであった。自己組織化単分子膜を形成することで、キャリア移動度を大きく変更することなく、閾値電圧を制御することができていることが確認できる。
Claims (6)
- 前記式(I)で表される有機ケイ素化合物が、
Fedorsの推算法により求められたRの溶解パラメータSP1が、Fedorsの推算法により求められた電磁線硬化性化合物の溶解パラメータSP2よりも1.6以上小さい有機ケイ素化合物Si1と、
前記溶解パラメータSP1が、前記溶解パラメータSP2より1.6未満小さい又は前記溶解パラメータSP2と等しいか大きい有機ケイ素化合物Si2とからなり、
前記有機ケイ素化合物Si1と前記有機ケイ素化合物Si2のモル比Si1:Si2が5:5~10:0である請求項1に記載の有機薄膜トランジスタ。 - 前記式(I)で表される有機ケイ素化合物が、
式(I-1):
式中、nは1又は2を表し、nが2のときR1は互いに同一であっても相異なってもよく、R1は有機基であって、R1のうち1以上はビニル基含有炭化水素基を表す。Xは水酸基又は加水分解性基を表し、互いに同一であっても相異なってもよい、で表される化合物と、
式(I-2):
(式中、nは1又は2を表し、nが2のときR2は同一であっても相異なってもよく、R2は式中のSiに炭素原子が直接結合した、ビニル基含有炭化水素基以外の有機基を表す。Xは水酸基又は加水分解性基を表し、互いに同一であっても相異なってもよい。)で表される化合物、及び、存在するならば、それらの加水分解縮合物からなり、
{〔式(I-1)の化合物〕+〔存在するならば、加水分解縮合物中の式(I-1)の化合物由来の単位〕}/{〔式(I-1)の化合物〕+〔式(I-2)の化合物〕+〔存在するならば、加水分解縮合物中の式(I-1)の化合物由来の単位〕+〔存在するならば、加水分解縮合物中の式(I-2)の化合物由来の単位〕}×100=30~100モル%、かつ、
{〔式(I-2)の化合物〕+〔存在するならば、加水分解縮合物中の式(I-2)の化合物由来の単位〕}/{〔式(I-1)の化合物〕+〔式(I-2)の化合物〕+〔存在するならば、加水分解縮合物中の式(I-1)の化合物由来の単位〕+〔存在するならば、加水分解縮合物中の式(I-2)の化合物由来の単位〕}×100=0~70モル%
である請求項1に記載の有機薄膜トランジスタ。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の有機薄膜トランジスタを備えた表示装置。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の有機薄膜トランジスタを備えたセンサ。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の有機薄膜トランジスタを有する電子タグ。
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| KR1020177018923A KR101960622B1 (ko) | 2015-01-14 | 2015-12-16 | 유기 박막 트랜지스터 |
| CN201580072575.7A CN107112366B (zh) | 2015-01-14 | 2015-12-16 | 有机薄膜晶体管 |
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| JP2020038133A (ja) * | 2018-09-04 | 2020-03-12 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | 有機半導体素子、歪みセンサ、振動センサ及び有機半導体素子の製造方法 |
| JPWO2020085342A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-22 | 2021-10-07 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | 導電性ポリマー材料及びその製造方法、高分子膜及びその製造方法、導電性高分子膜、光電変換素子並びに電界効果トランジスタ |
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| CN111640874B (zh) * | 2020-05-07 | 2021-11-19 | 山东大学 | 基于n-型有机半导体晶体表面台阶缺陷的修复方法及应用 |
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| JP6417626B2 (ja) | 2018-11-07 |
| TW201631041A (zh) | 2016-09-01 |
| CN107112366B (zh) | 2020-07-10 |
| JPWO2016114061A1 (ja) | 2017-09-14 |
| KR101960622B1 (ko) | 2019-03-20 |
| TWI623590B (zh) | 2018-05-11 |
| CN107112366A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
| KR20170093939A (ko) | 2017-08-16 |
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