WO2016108270A1 - ポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法、及びポリアリーレンスルフィド - Google Patents
ポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法、及びポリアリーレンスルフィド Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/02—Polythioethers
- C08G75/0204—Polyarylenethioethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/02—Polythioethers
- C08G75/0204—Polyarylenethioethers
- C08G75/025—Preparatory processes
- C08G75/0259—Preparatory processes metal hydrogensulfides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/02—Polythioethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/02—Polythioethers
- C08G75/0204—Polyarylenethioethers
- C08G75/0209—Polyarylenethioethers derived from monomers containing one aromatic ring
- C08G75/0213—Polyarylenethioethers derived from monomers containing one aromatic ring containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen or sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/02—Polythioethers
- C08G75/0204—Polyarylenethioethers
- C08G75/025—Preparatory processes
- C08G75/0254—Preparatory processes using metal sulfides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/02—Polythioethers
- C08G75/0204—Polyarylenethioethers
- C08G75/0277—Post-polymerisation treatment
- C08G75/0281—Recovery or purification
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing polyarylene sulfide in which a sulfur source and a dihaloaromatic compound are polymerized in an organic amide solvent. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing polyarylene sulfide, in which a sulfur source and a dihaloaromatic compound are polymerized under a specific alkaline condition in an organic amide solvent.
- PAS Polyarylene sulfides
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide
- PAS polyphenylene sulfide
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide
- PAS can be molded into various molded products, films, sheets, fibers, etc. by general melt processing methods such as extrusion molding, injection molding, compression molding, etc., so it can be used in a wide range of fields such as electrical / electronic equipment and automotive equipment. It is widely used.
- a sulfur source and p-dichlorobenzene (hereinafter referred to as “pDCB”) in an organic amide solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “NMP”).
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- alkali metal sulfides, alkali metal sulfides and alkali metal hydroxides are reacted in situ to obtain alkali metal sulfides.
- a method of using an alkali metal sulfide obtained by reacting an alkali metal hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide as a raw material of a sulfur source is also known.
- a pre-polymerization step in which a polymerization reaction is started by heating to a temperature to produce a prepolymer having a conversion rate of a dihaloaromatic compound of 50% or more; and a phase separation agent is added to the reaction system containing the prepolymer
- a subsequent polymerization step in which an alkali metal hydroxide in an amount corresponding to 1 to 10 mol% per mol of the sulfur source is added all at once or in a divided manner and the polymerization reaction is continued at a temperature of 240 to 290 ° C.
- Patent Document 1 This method is an excellent PAS production method capable of stably and efficiently producing PAS excellent in reactivity with a silane coupling agent. Further improvement has been demanded from the viewpoint of suppression and the like.
- An object of the present invention is to suppress side reactions that occur with the addition of an alkali metal hydroxide in a PAS production method in which a sulfur source and a dihaloaromatic compound are polymerized under an alkaline condition in an organic amide solvent.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a PAS production method capable of obtaining a PAS having a high degree of polymerization in a high yield, and to provide a PAS having a high degree of polymerization that can be efficiently obtained.
- the present inventors have adopted a PAS production method including a pre-stage polymerization step in a homogeneously dissolved state of a reaction mixture and a post-stage polymerization step in a phase-separated state.
- a specific temperature condition is selected as the pre-stage polymerization step, and then, as the post-stage polymerization step, a specific amount of alkali metal hydroxide is added all at once or dividedly in the presence of a phase separation agent in the reaction system, thereby causing a polymerization reaction. It was found that the problem could be solved by continuing the above, and the present invention was completed.
- the following steps (1) to (3) (1) A charging step for preparing a charging mixture containing an organic amide solvent, a sulfur source, an alkali metal hydroxide, water, and a dihaloaromatic compound and having a pH of 12.5 or more; (2) The charged mixture is heated to a temperature of 170 ° C. or higher to initiate a polymerization reaction, and the polymerization reaction is continued at a temperature of 240 to 280 ° C. to obtain a prepolymer having a dihaloaromatic compound conversion of 50% or higher.
- an alkali metal hydroxide in an amount corresponding to 1 to 20 mol% per mol of the sulfur source is added all at once or 245
- a PAS production method is provided in which the temperature rising rate from 220 ° C. to 240 ° C. is smaller than the temperature rising rate from 240 ° C.
- a PAS having a melt viscosity of 0.1 to 8000 Pa ⁇ s measured at a temperature of 310 ° C. and a shear rate of 1216 sec ⁇ 1 produced by the above-described PAS production method is provided.
- the production method of PAS capable of obtaining PAS having a high degree of polymerization in a high yield and the effect of providing a PAS having a high degree of polymerization that can be obtained efficiently can be provided.
- Sulfur source In this invention, it is preferable to use what contains one or both of an alkali metal sulfide and an alkali metal hydrosulfide as a sulfur source.
- Hydrogen sulfide can also be used as the sulfur source. That is, by blowing hydrogen sulfide into an alkali metal hydroxide (for example, NaOH), an alkali metal hydrosulfide (for example, NaSH) or an alkali metal sulfide (for example, Na 2 S) can be generated.
- an alkali metal hydrosulfide or a sulfur source containing the alkali metal hydrosulfide as a main component is more preferable.
- alkali metal hydrosulfide examples include, but are not limited to, lithium hydrosulfide, sodium hydrosulfide, potassium hydrosulfide, rubidium hydrosulfide, cesium hydrosulfide, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the alkali metal hydrosulfide any of an anhydride, a hydrate, and an aqueous solution may be used. Among these, sodium hydrosulfide and lithium hydrosulfide are preferable because they can be obtained industrially at low cost. A small amount of alkali metal sulfide may be contained in the alkali metal hydrosulfide used in the present invention.
- alkali metal sulfide examples include, but are not limited to, lithium sulfide, sodium sulfide, potassium sulfide, rubidium sulfide, cesium sulfide, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the alkali metal sulfide any of an anhydride, a hydrate, and an aqueous solution may be used. Among these, sodium sulfide is preferable from the viewpoints of being industrially available at low cost and being easy to handle.
- these alkali metal sulfides in addition to those contained as a by-product in alkali metal hydrosulfides, those generally marketed as hydrates can also be used. Examples of hydrates of alkali metal sulfides include sodium sulfide nonahydrate and sodium sulfide pentahydrate.
- the total molar amount of the alkali metal hydrosulfide and the alkali metal sulfide is the molar amount of the sulfur source (sometimes referred to as “charged sulfur source” or “effective sulfur source”) directly involved in the production of PAS. Moreover, this total molar amount is the molar amount of the sulfur source after the dehydration step when the dehydration step is arranged prior to the charging step.
- Alkali metal hydroxides include, but are not limited to, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, or a mixture of two or more thereof. . Among these, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is preferable because it is industrially available at a low cost.
- the dihaloaromatic compound used in the present invention is a dihalogenated aromatic compound having two halogen atoms directly bonded to an aromatic ring.
- Specific examples of the dihaloaromatic compound include, for example, o-dihalobenzene, m-dihalobenzene, p-dihalobenzene, dihalotoluene, dihalonaphthalene, methoxy-dihalobenzene, dihalobiphenyl, dihalobenzoic acid, dihalodiphenyl ether, dihalodiphenyl sulfone. , Dihalodiphenyl sulfoxide, dihalodiphenyl ketone and the like.
- the halogen atom refers to each atom of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, and the two halogen atoms in the dihaloaromatic compound may be the same or different.
- a dihalo aromatic compound can be used individually or in combination of 2 types or more, respectively.
- a preferred dihaloaromatic compound is p-dihalobenzene, ie, p-dichlorobenzene (pDCB), in which the halogen atom is a chlorine atom.
- Monohalo compounds (not necessarily aromatic compounds) are used in combination to form terminals of specific structures in the generated PAS, or to control polymerization reactions and molecular weights. can do.
- a polyhalo compound (not necessarily an aromatic compound) having 3 or more halogen atoms bonded thereto, an active hydrogen-containing halogenated aromatic compound, a halogenated aromatic nitro A compound or the like can also be used in combination.
- the polyhalo compound as the branching / crosslinking agent is preferably trihalobenzene.
- organic amide solvent that is an aprotic polar organic solvent is used as a solvent for the dehydration reaction and the polymerization reaction.
- the organic amide solvent is preferably stable to alkali at high temperatures.
- Specific examples of the organic amide solvent include amide compounds such as N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide; N-alkylcaprolactam compounds such as N-methyl- ⁇ -caprolactam; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone ( NMP), N-alkylpyrrolidone compounds such as N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone or N-cycloalkylpyrrolidone compounds; N, N-dialkylimidazolidinone compounds such as 1,3-dialkyl-2-imidazolidinone; tetramethyl And tetraalkylurea compounds such as urea; hexaalkylphosphoric triamide compounds such as hexamethylphosphoric triamide and
- N-alkylpyrrolidone compounds N-cycloalkylpyrrolidone compounds, N-alkylcaprolactam compounds, and N, N-dialkylimidazolidinone compounds are preferable, and in particular, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone ( NMP), N-methyl- ⁇ -caprolactam, and 1,3-dialkyl-2-imidazolidinone are preferably used.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- NMP N-methyl- ⁇ -caprolactam
- 1,3-dialkyl-2-imidazolidinone 1,3-dialkyl-2-imidazolidinone
- Polymerization aid In the present invention, various polymerization aids can be used as needed for the purpose of accelerating the polymerization reaction and obtaining a high degree of polymerization PAS in a short time.
- the polymerization aid include generally known organic sulfonic acid metal salts, lithium halides, organic carboxylic acid metal salts, and alkali metal phosphates as PAS polymerization aids.
- the amount of polymerization aid used varies depending on the type of compound used, but is generally in the range of 0.01 to 10 moles per mole of sulfur source (prepared sulfur source).
- phase Separation Agent in particular, in the polymerization step of PAS, a phase separation agent is contained in the reaction mixture from the viewpoint of promoting a polymerization reaction and obtaining a high degree of polymerization PAS in a short time. That is, the PAS production method of the present invention is a PAS production method performed in the presence of a phase separation agent.
- the phase separation agent is used for liquid-liquid phase separation of a reaction mixture (liquid phase) in which a polymerization reaction has progressed to some extent into two phases, a polymer rich phase (molten PAS phase) and a polymer dilute phase (organic amide solvent phase).
- the phase separation agent those generally known as PAS phase separation agents can be used.
- organic carboxylic acid metal salts organic sulfonic acid metal salts, alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, aromatic carboxylic acids.
- examples thereof include at least one selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metal salts of acids, alkali metal phosphates, alcohols, paraffinic hydrocarbons, and water.
- the phase separation agent can be used not only alone but also in combination of two or more.
- water, or an organic carboxylic acid metal salt such as sodium acetate, lithium acetate, lithium propionate, lithium benzoate, or a combination thereof is preferable, and water with low cost and easy post-treatment is more preferable.
- the amount of the phase separation agent to be used varies depending on the kind of the compound to be used, but is usually 0.01 to 20 mol, preferably 0.1 to 15 mol, per 1 kg of the organic amide solvent.
- the phase separation agent can be present in the reaction mixture from the beginning of the polymerization reaction, but may be added during the polymerization reaction. In general, the phase separation agent is added to the reaction mixture after completion of the polymerization reaction to form a liquid-liquid phase separation state and then cooled. PAS can be obtained.
- the polymerization reaction in the subsequent polymerization step, is continued in a state where the reaction system is phase-separated into a polymer rich phase and a polymer dilute phase.
- a preparation mixture containing an organic amide solvent, a sulfur source, an alkali metal hydroxide, water, and a dihaloaromatic compound and having a pH of 12.5 or more is prepared.
- the mixture containing the organic amide solvent, sulfur source, and alkali metal hydroxide is heated, and at least a part of the distillate containing water is discharged out of the system containing the mixture. It is preferable to arrange a dehydration step.
- the sulfur source often contains moisture such as hydrated water (crystal water).
- a sulfur source and an alkali metal hydroxide are used as an aqueous mixture, water is contained as a medium.
- the polymerization reaction between the sulfur source and the dihaloaromatic compound is affected by the amount of water present in the polymerization reaction system. Therefore, in general, it is preferable to arrange a dehydration step before the polymerization step to adjust the amount of water in the polymerization reaction system.
- the dehydration step is performed in the reaction tank, and the distillate is generally discharged out of the reaction tank.
- the water to be dehydrated in the dehydration step includes hydration water contained in each raw material charged in the dehydration step, an aqueous medium of an aqueous mixture, water by-produced by a reaction between the raw materials, and the like.
- each raw material into the reaction vessel is generally performed within a range of about 20 ° C. to about 300 ° C., preferably about 20 ° C. to about 200 ° C.
- the order in which the raw materials are charged may be in any order, and additional raw materials may be added during the dehydration operation.
- an organic amide solvent is used as a medium.
- the organic amide solvent used in the dehydration step is preferably the same as the organic amide solvent used in the polymerization step, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is more preferred because it is easily available industrially. preferable.
- the amount of the organic amide solvent used is usually about 0.1 to 10 kg per mole of the sulfur source introduced into the reaction vessel.
- the mixture containing the above components is usually at 300 ° C. or lower, preferably 100 to 250 ° C., usually 15 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 30 minutes. It is carried out by heating for 10 minutes to 10 minutes.
- the distillate contains water and an organic amide solvent.
- a part of the distillate may be circulated in the system in order to suppress the discharge of the organic amide solvent out of the system.
- at least one of the distillates containing water is used. The part is discharged out of the system.
- hydrogen sulfide resulting from the sulfur source is volatilized. That is, in the dehydration step, when the mixture is heated, the sulfur source and water react by heating to produce hydrogen sulfide and alkali metal hydroxide, and gaseous hydrogen sulfide is volatilized. For example, when 1 mol of alkali metal hydrosulfide reacts with 1 mol of water, 1 mol of hydrogen sulfide and 1 mol of alkali metal hydroxide are produced. As at least part of the distillate containing water is discharged out of the system, the volatilized hydrogen sulfide is also discharged out of the system.
- the amount of sulfur source in the mixture remaining in the system after the dehydration process will be smaller than the amount of sulfur source added due to hydrogen sulfide volatilized out of the system in the dehydration process.
- the amount of the sulfur source in the mixture remaining in the system after the dehydration step is the mole of hydrogen sulfide volatilized out of the system from the molar amount of the introduced sulfur source. Substantially equal to the value minus the amount.
- the sulfur source in the mixture remaining in the system after the dehydration step can be referred to as an “effective sulfur source”.
- This effective sulfur source corresponds to “a charged sulfur source” in the charging step and the subsequent polymerization step. Therefore, in the present invention, the “prepared sulfur source” means an effective sulfur source present in the mixture after the dehydration step.
- the effective sulfur source after the dehydration step is a mixture containing alkali metal hydrosulfide, alkali metal sulfide, etc., and the specific form thereof is not particularly limited.
- alkali metal hydrosulfide and an alkali metal hydroxide are heated in an organic amide solvent, they react in situ to produce an alkali metal sulfide. It is inferred that alkali metal sulfides are produced by the reaction between alkali metal hydrosulfides and alkali metal hydroxides.
- the amount of the sulfur source first input in the dehydration process decreases after the dehydration process due to volatilization of hydrogen sulfide outside the system, so based on the amount of hydrogen sulfide volatilized out of the system, It is necessary to quantify the amount of sulfur source (effective sulfur source) contained in the mixture remaining in the system after the dehydration step.
- water such as hydrated water, aqueous medium, and by-product water is dehydrated until it falls within the required range.
- dehydration is preferably performed until the amount is preferably 0 to 2 mol, more preferably 0.5 to 2 mol per mol of the effective sulfur source.
- water can be added to the desired water content in the preparation process prior to the polymerization process.
- Alkali metal sulfide generates an alkali metal hydroxide by an equilibrium reaction with water.
- the amount of alkali metal hydroxide charged per 1 mol of the effective sulfur source is considered in consideration of the amount of the alkali metal sulfide as a minor component.
- the molar ratio is calculated.
- alkali metal sulfides when hydrogen sulfide is volatilized out of the system in the dehydration process, alkali metal hydroxide twice as much as volatilized hydrogen sulfide is generated, so hydrogen sulfide volatilized out of the system in the dehydration process.
- the molar ratio of the charged amount of alkali metal hydroxide to 1 mol of the effective sulfur source is also calculated.
- an organic amide solvent, a sulfur source containing an alkali metal hydrosulfide, and an alkali metal hydroxide usually 0.7 to 1.05 mol, and often 0.75 to 1 mol, per mol of the sulfur source It is preferable to heat the mixture containing the water and discharge at least a part of the distillate containing water from the system containing the mixture to the outside of the system.
- the molar ratio of alkali metal hydroxide per mole of sulfur source is too small, the amount of hydrogen sulfide volatilized in the dehydration process will increase, leading to a decrease in productivity due to a decrease in the amount of charged sulfur source, or remaining after dehydration. An abnormal reaction due to an increase in the amount of persulfurized components in the charged sulfur source, and a deterioration in the quality of the produced PAS are likely to occur. If the molar ratio of alkali metal hydroxide per mole of sulfur source is too large, the alteration of the organic amide solvent may increase.
- the apparatus for performing the dehydration process may be the same as or different from the reaction tank (reaction can) used in the subsequent polymerization process.
- the material of the device is preferably a corrosion resistant material such as titanium.
- part of the organic amide solvent is usually discharged with the water out of the reaction vessel. At that time, hydrogen sulfide is discharged out of the system as a gas.
- Preparation Step In the preparation step, an organic amide solvent, a sulfur source, an alkali metal hydroxide, water, and a dihaloaromatic compound are prepared, and a preparation mixture having a pH of 12.5 or more is prepared.
- a preparation mixture having a pH of 12.5 or more is prepared.
- the amount of each component in the preparation process and the pH control are performed in consideration of the amount of each component in the mixture obtained in the dehydration process. .
- an organic amide solvent a sulfur source, 0.95 to 1.09 mol of alkali metal hydroxide per mol of sulfur source, 0.5 to 2 mol of water per mol of sulfur source, and It is preferable to prepare a charged mixture containing 0.95 to 1.2 mol of dihaloaromatic compound per mol of sulfur source and having a pH of 12.5 or more.
- the charging step usually 0.85 to 1.2 mol, preferably 0.9 to 1.1 mol, more preferably 0.91 to 1 mol, still more preferably 0.95 to 1. mol per mol of the sulfur source.
- a charge mixture is prepared containing 09 moles of alkali metal hydroxide. If the molar ratio of the alkali metal hydroxide per mole of the sulfur source is too large, alteration of the organic amide solvent may be increased, or abnormal reaction or decomposition reaction during polymerization may be caused. In addition, the yield and quality of the produced PAS are often lowered.
- the pH can be easily adjusted to 12.5 or more, thereby stably carrying out the polymerization reaction, It becomes easy to obtain a high-quality PAS.
- the ratio of each component such as alkali metal hydroxide is adjusted so that the pH of the charged mixture is 12.5 or more, preferably 12.5 to 13.5, more preferably 12.6 to 13.3.
- the charge mixture in the pre-stage polymerization step, the charge mixture is heated to initiate a polymerization reaction between the sulfur source and the dihaloaromatic compound, and when the pH of the charge mixture at the start of the pre-stage polymerization is less than 12.5, Even if an alkali metal hydroxide is added during the pre-polymerization, it is difficult to obtain a PAS having a high degree of polymerization. If the pH of the charged mixture is too high, it indicates that the amount of alkali metal hydroxide present is too large, which may increase the deterioration of the organic amide solvent and cause abnormal reactions and decomposition reactions during polymerization. is there.
- a charging mixture containing 0.2 to 2 mol, preferably 0.5 to 1.9 mol, more preferably 0.6 to 1.8 mol of water per mol of sulfur source is prepared.
- the charging step it is usually 0.9 to 1.5 mol, preferably 0.95 to 1.2 mol, more preferably 0.99 to 1.1 mol, and further preferably 1 to 1. mol per mol of the sulfur source.
- a charge mixture is prepared containing 08 moles of dihaloaromatic compound.
- an organic amide solvent is prepared in a charging mixture containing usually 0.1 to 10 kg, preferably 0.15 to 1 kg, per mole of sulfur source. If the amount of the organic amide solvent is within the above range, the amount may be changed during the polymerization step described later.
- Adjustment of the amount ratio (molar ratio) of each component of the charged mixture and adjustment of pH are usually performed by adding components other than the sulfur source to the mixture obtained in the dehydration step. For example, when the amount of alkali metal hydroxide or water in the mixture obtained in the dehydration process is small, these components are added in the preparation process. The dihaloaromatic compound is added in the charging step. This prepares the charge mixture.
- the polymerization reaction is carried out by at least two polymerization steps, a pre-stage polymerization step and a post-stage polymerization step. More specifically, in the polymerization step of the present invention, the charged mixture is heated to a temperature of 170 ° C. or higher to initiate the polymerization reaction, and the polymerization reaction is continued at a temperature of 240 to 280 ° C. to convert the dihaloaromatic compound.
- the polymerization reaction time in each of the pre-stage polymerization step and the post-stage polymerization step is generally in the range of 10 minutes to 72 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 48 hours.
- the pre-stage polymerization step and the post-stage polymerization step may each be composed of a plurality of steps in which the temperature condition is changed stepwise, or water or alkali metal hydroxide is added separately.
- a polymerization reaction is usually performed in a reaction system in which each component including the polymer to be generated is uniformly dissolved.
- the polymerization reaction is continued in the state where the phase is separated into a polymer rich phase and a polymer dilute phase in the presence of a phase separation agent.
- the phase separation polymerization reaction is actually performed in a state where the polymer concentrated phase is dispersed as droplets in an organic amide solvent (polymer diluted phase). The phase separation state is clearly observed as the post-polymerization reaction proceeds.
- the polymerization reaction method may be a batch method, a continuous method, or a combination of both methods.
- a method using two or more reaction vessels may be used for the purpose of shortening the polymerization cycle time.
- Prepolymerization process In the prepolymerization process, the charged mixture is heated to a temperature of 170 ° C. or higher to initiate the polymerization reaction, and the polymerization reaction is continued at a temperature of 240 to 280 ° C., so that the conversion rate of the dihaloaromatic compound is 50%.
- the above prepolymer is produced.
- the conversion rate of the dihaloaromatic compound is calculated based on the amount of the dihaloaromatic compound remaining in the reaction mixture by gas chromatography and based on the remaining amount, the charged amount of the dihaloaromatic compound, and the charged amount of the sulfur source. Can do.
- the polymerization reaction is started using a charged mixture having a pH of 12.5 or higher.
- the amount of at least one of water, alkali metal hydroxide, and organic amide solvent may be changed during the polymerization reaction.
- water or alkali metal hydroxide can be added to the reaction system during the polymerization.
- the polymerization reaction between the sulfur source contained in the charged mixture and the dihaloaromatic compound starts when the temperature exceeds 170 ° C., and the reaction rate increases as the temperature increases. ing. Further, it is known that when the temperature exceeds 220 ° C. in the pre-stage polymerization step, the polymerization reaction rate rapidly increases, and at the same time, side reactions easily occur.
- the PAS production method of the present invention allows the polymerization reaction to be continued in a high temperature range of 240 to 280 ° C., which was conventionally considered undesirable from the viewpoint of side reactions and decomposition reactions in the pre-stage polymerization step.
- the prepolymer having a conversion rate of the dihaloaromatic compound of 50% or more, preferably 50 to 98%.
- the temperature at which the polymerization reaction is continued is preferably in the range of 240 to 275 ° C, more preferably 240 to 270 ° C, and still more preferably 240 to 265 ° C.
- pre-stage polymerization time the time required for the pre-stage polymerization step
- high-temperature pre-stage polymerization in which the charged mixture is heated to a temperature of 170 ° C. or higher to initiate the polymerization reaction and the polymerization reaction is continued at a temperature of 240 to 280 ° C.
- the polymerization reaction may be continued while maintaining the temperature, or the temperature is continuously or stepwise increased to a predetermined temperature in the range of 240 to 280 ° C.
- the polymerization reaction may be continued while performing the temperature. From the viewpoint of suppressing side reactions and decomposition reactions, shortening the pre-polymerization time, etc., it is preferable to continue the polymerization reaction while continuously raising the temperature.
- the temperature increase rate from the temperature of 220 ° C. to 240 ° C. is the temperature increase rate from the temperature of 240 ° C. (specifically, within the range of the temperature from 240 ° C. to 240 to 280 ° C. It is preferable that the temperature is smaller than the temperature increase rate until the polymerization reaction is continued, because side reactions can be suppressed and reaction exotherm can be easily controlled. That is, the polymerization reaction between the sulfur source and the dihaloaromatic compound in the pre-stage polymerization, which starts when the temperature exceeds 170 ° C., proceeds rapidly when the temperature exceeds 220 ° C., and side reactions occur in parallel. It tends to happen.
- the temperature is increased from 170 ° C. at which the polymerization reaction starts to a temperature at which the polymerization reaction is within the range of 240 to 280 ° C.
- the temperature is increased at a substantially uniform temperature increase rate, a polymer having a desired high degree of polymerization is obtained by various impurities (oligomers, polymers having abnormal ends, etc.) produced by side reactions. Can be difficult. Therefore, prior to continuing the polymerization reaction at a temperature of 240 to 280 ° C., the temperature is a temperature range of 240 ° C.
- the temperature increase rate from the temperature 220 ° C. to 240 ° C. is the temperature increase rate from the temperature 240 ° C. (specifically, the temperature in the range from 240 ° C. to 240-280 ° C.
- the ratio of the rate of temperature increase from 220 ° C. to 240 ° C. to the rate of temperature increase from 240 ° C. is usually 65% or less, preferably 60% or less, more preferably 55% or less, and even more preferably 50% or less. is there.
- the above-mentioned ratio has no particular lower limit value, but if the ratio is too small, the pre-polymerization time and the entire polymerization time will be long, so it is usually 5% or more, and in many cases 8% or more. desirable.
- Subsequent polymerization step Subsequently, in the subsequent polymerization step, in the reaction system containing the prepolymer generated in the preceding polymerization step described above, in the presence of a phase separation agent, 1 to 20 mol% per mol of the sulfur source. A corresponding amount of alkali metal hydroxide is added all at once or in portions, and the polymerization reaction is continued at a temperature of 245 to 290 ° C.
- the polymerization temperature in the subsequent polymerization step is preferably 250 to 280 ° C, more preferably 255 to 275 ° C.
- the polymerization temperature can be maintained at a constant temperature, but may be raised or lowered stepwise as necessary. In the present invention, since the pre-stage polymerization step is carried out in a high temperature range, energy and time required for heating to a temperature at which the post-stage polymerization step is performed can be expected.
- the polymerization reaction system (polymerization reaction mixture) is phase-separated into a polymer rich phase and a polymer dilute phase (a phase mainly composed of an organic amide solvent).
- the phase separation may be caused in the middle of the subsequent polymerization step by adjusting the addition timing of the phase separation agent or adjusting the polymerization temperature.
- the amount of water in the reaction system is usually more than 4 moles and 20 moles or less, preferably 4.1 to 14 moles, per 1 kg of the organic amide solvent. More preferably, the amount of water is adjusted to 4.2 to 10 mol. This amount of water often corresponds to an amount that usually exceeds 2 moles and is 10 moles or less, preferably 2.3 to 7 moles, more preferably 2.5 to 5 moles per mole of sulfur source.
- the present invention provides a production method including a two-stage polymerization process, wherein a predetermined amount is used in a pre-stage polymerization process (high-temperature pre-stage polymerization) in which the polymerization reaction is continued in a high temperature range of 240 to 280 ° C.
- PAS having a high degree of polymerization can be obtained in a high yield.
- the total amount of alkali metal hydroxide per mole of sulfur source is preferably 1.01 to 1.1 mol, more preferably 1.02 to 1.09 mol, and particularly preferably 1.02 to It is desirable to add by adjusting the amount of alkali metal hydroxide so as to be 1.07 mol.
- the total amount of alkali metal compound is the sum of the amount of alkali metal hydroxide present in the charged mixture and the amount of alkali metal hydroxide added in the polymerization step.
- the addition time of the alkali metal hydroxide in the subsequent polymerization step is almost the same as the addition timing of the phase separation agent or in the middle of the subsequent polymerization. Also good.
- an alkali metal hydroxide can also be divided and added. If the alkali metal hydroxide is added in portions as an aqueous mixture, phase separation polymerization in the subsequent polymerization step can be promoted.
- the post-treatment after the polymerization reaction can be performed by a conventional method. For example, when the reaction mixture is cooled after completion of the polymerization reaction, a slurry containing a granular polymer product is obtained. The cooled product slurry can be recovered as it is or after diluting with water or the like, followed by filtration, repeated washing and filtration, and drying.
- the granular PAS polymer is separated from the reaction solution by, for example, a method of sieving using a screen, and easily from by-products and oligomers. Can be separated.
- the product slurry may be sieved through the polymer while still in the high temperature state.
- a granular PAS polymer separated by a 100 mesh screen (sometimes referred to as “100 mesh on”) can be a product PAS.
- the PAS is preferably washed with the same organic amide solvent as the polymerization solvent, or an organic solvent such as ketones (for example, acetone) or alcohols (for example, methanol).
- the PAS may be washed with hot water or the like.
- the produced PAS can also be treated with a salt such as acid or ammonium chloride.
- granular PAS can be obtained with a high yield of usually 85% or more, further 87% or more, and optionally 90% or more. Further, according to the production method of the present invention, by adding a predetermined amount of the alkali metal hydroxide in the subsequent polymerization step following the previous polymerization step in the high temperature region, compared with the case where no alkali metal hydroxide is added.
- the yield can be improved by 1.8% or more, and depending on the reaction conditions, the yield can be improved by 2% or more, and further 3% or more.
- the melt viscosity measured at a temperature of 310 ° C. and a shear rate of 1216 sec ⁇ 1 is usually 0.1 to 8000 Pa ⁇ s, preferably 1 to 800 Pa ⁇ s, more preferably 5 to 400 Pa ⁇ s, More preferably, PAS having a high degree of polymerization of 10 to 200 Pa ⁇ s can be obtained in a high yield.
- the PAS obtained by the production method of the present invention can be used for a wide range of applications.
- the melt viscosity of PAS can be set to 50 Pa ⁇ s or more, further 60 Pa ⁇ s or more, if desired.
- a combination of a pre-stage polymerization step (high-temperature pre-stage polymerization) in a high temperature region and an alkali metal hydroxide addition (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “alkali post-addition”) in the post-stage polymerization step is not necessarily clear, but within the appropriate range of the increase in the reaction rate due to the polymerization reaction in the high temperature region and the amount of alkali metal hydroxide or pH in the reaction system. It is presumed that the effect is exerted by balancing the suppression of the side reaction by the control.
- the PAS obtained by the production method of the present invention can be used as it is or after being oxidatively cross-linked, alone or optionally with various inorganic fillers, fibrous fillers, various synthetic resins, It can be formed into an extruded product such as a sheet, a film, a fiber, and a pipe.
- the PAS obtained by the production method of the present invention has a good color tone.
- the PAS compound obtained by the production method of the present invention is suitable for the field of electronic devices where the amount of generated volatile matter is small and the suppression of the volatile matter is expected.
- PPS is particularly preferable.
- Measuring methods for various properties and physical properties are as follows.
- the polymer yield is based on the polymer weight (theoretical amount) when it is assumed that all the effective sulfur sources present in the reaction vessel after the dehydration step have been converted to the polymer. The ratio (mass%) of the polymer weight actually recovered relative to was calculated.
- Example 1 High-temperature pre-polymerization and alkali post-addition performed.
- Dehydration process 2001 g (22.3 mol as NaSH content) of 62.4% by mass of sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) and 1120 g (20.6 mol as NaOH content) of 73.5% by mass of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were added to N -It was put together with 5999 g of methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) into a titanium 20-liter autoclave (reaction can).
- NMP methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- Post-processing process After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to near room temperature, and then the reaction solution was passed through a 100 mesh screen to sieve the granular polymer. The separated polymer was washed twice with acetone, washed with water three times, then with 0.3% acetic acid, and further washed with water four times to obtain a washed polymer. The washed polymer was dried at 105 ° C. for 13 hours. The yield of the granular PAS polymer thus obtained was 90.0%, and the melt viscosity of the PAS polymer was 20 Pa ⁇ s.
- Example 2 High-temperature pre-polymerization and alkali post-addition performed.
- Dehydration process Along with 6003 g of NMP, 2003 g of 62.0% by mass of sodium hydrosulfide aqueous solution (22.2 mol as NaSH content) and 1139 g of 23.6% by mass of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution (21.0 mol as NaOH content) The product was put into a 20 liter autoclave (reaction can).
- a sulfur source composed of sodium hydrosulfide and sodium sulfide is expressed as “S”, NaOH / NaSH before dehydration is 0.94 (mol / mol).
- Post-processing process After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to near room temperature, and then the reaction solution was passed through a 100 mesh screen to sieve the granular polymer. The separated polymer was washed twice with acetone, washed with water three times, then with 0.3% acetic acid, and further washed with water four times to obtain a washed polymer. The washed polymer was dried at 105 ° C. for 13 hours. The yield of the granular PAS polymer thus obtained was 93%, and the melt viscosity of the PAS polymer was 63 Pa ⁇ s.
- Table 1 shows the composition (pDCB / effective S), prepolymerization and postpolymerization conditions, PAS polymer yield, and melt viscosity (MV) of PAS for Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6.
- Table 1 shows the following. (1) According to Example 1 and Example 2 in which high-temperature pre-polymerization and post-alkali addition in the post-polymerization step, specifically, NaOH addition (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “NaOH post-addition”) are performed. , A PAS polymer can be obtained with a high yield of 90% or more. From the MV, it can be seen that the PAS polymer obtained in Example 1 and Example 2 has a high degree of polymerization. (2) From the standpoint of comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 in which there is no difference in NaOH / S in the post-stage polymerization step, and the comparison between Example 2 and Comparative Example 4, the yield of the PAS polymer was obtained by post-NaOH addition. Can be improved.
- the reaction rate is increased by carrying out the polymerization reaction in the high temperature region, and the appropriate range of the amount of alkali metal hydroxide or pH in the reaction system. It is surmised that the above-mentioned effects can be achieved by balancing the suppression of side reactions by the internal control. Furthermore, according to the combination of high-temperature pre-stage polymerization and alkali post-addition, it was found that the time required for the pre-stage polymerization process and the total time of the polymerization process consisting of the pre-stage polymerization process and the post-stage polymerization process were shortened.
- the present invention relates to a PAS production method in which a sulfur source and a dihaloaromatic compound are polymerized in an organic amide solvent, and the following steps (1) to (3): (1) A charging step for preparing a charging mixture containing an organic amide solvent, a sulfur source, an alkali metal hydroxide, water, and a dihaloaromatic compound and having a pH of 12.5 or more; (2) The charged mixture is heated to a temperature of 170 ° C. or higher to initiate a polymerization reaction, and the polymerization reaction is continued at a temperature of 240 to 280 ° C. to obtain a prepolymer having a dihaloaromatic compound conversion of 50% or higher.
- an alkali metal hydroxide in an amount corresponding to 1 to 20 mol% per mol of the sulfur source is added all at once or 245
- the PAS production method is characterized in that the temperature increase rate from 220 ° C. to 240 ° C. is smaller than the temperature increase rate from the temperature 240 ° C. The melt viscosity measured at a temperature of 310 ° C.
- a shear rate of 1216 sec ⁇ 1 produced by the production method is a PAS of 0.1 to 8000 Pa ⁇ s
- a sulfur source and a dihaloaromatic compound are subjected to a polymerization reaction in an organic amide solvent under an alkaline condition
- side reactions that occur with the addition of an alkali metal hydroxide are suppressed, and a high degree of polymerization is achieved. Since a PAS production method capable of obtaining PAS in a high yield and a PAS having a high degree of polymerization obtained efficiently can be provided, the industrial applicability is high.
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Abstract
Description
(1)有機アミド溶媒、硫黄源、アルカリ金属水酸化物、水、及びジハロ芳香族化合物を含有し、pHが12.5以上の仕込み混合物を調製する仕込み工程;
(2)該仕込み混合物を170℃以上の温度に加熱して重合反応を開始させ、240~280℃の温度で重合反応を継続して、ジハロ芳香族化合物の転化率が50%以上のプレポリマーを生成させる前段重合工程;
(3)該プレポリマーを含有する反応系内に、相分離剤の存在下に、硫黄源1モル当り1~20モル%に相当する量のアルカリ金属水酸化物を一括または分割添加し、245~290℃の温度で重合反応を継続する後段重合工程;
を含み、前段重合工程において、温度220℃から240℃までの昇温速度が、温度240℃からの昇温速度より小さいことを特徴とするPASの製造方法が提供される。また、本発明によれば、前記のPASの製造方法により製造される温度310℃及びせん断速度1216sec-1で測定した溶融粘度が0.1~8000Pa・sのPASが提供される。
本発明では、硫黄源として、アルカリ金属硫化物及びアルカリ金属水硫化物の一方または両方を含有するものを使用することが好ましい。硫黄源としては、硫化水素も使用することができる。すなわち、アルカリ金属水酸化物(例えば、NaOH)に硫化水素を吹き込むことにより、アルカリ金属水硫化物(例えば、NaSH)やアルカリ金属硫化物(例えば、Na2S)を生成させることができる。硫黄源としては、アルカリ金属水硫化物または該アルカリ金属水硫化物を主成分として含有する硫黄源がより好ましい。
アルカリ金属水酸化物としては、水酸化リチウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化ルビジウム、水酸化セシウム、またはこれらの2種以上の混合物が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。これらの中でも、工業的に安価に入手可能なことから、水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)が好ましい。
本発明で使用されるジハロ芳香族化合物は、芳香環に直接結合した2個のハロゲン原子を有するジハロゲン化芳香族化合物である。ジハロ芳香族化合物の具体例としては、例えば、o-ジハロベンゼン、m-ジハロベンゼン、p-ジハロベンゼン、ジハロトルエン、ジハロナフタレン、メトキシ-ジハロベンゼン、ジハロビフェニル、ジハロ安息香酸、ジハロジフェニルエーテル、ジハロジフェニルスルホン、ジハロジフェニルスルホキシド、ジハロジフェニルケトン等が挙げられる。
生成されるPASに特定構造の末端を形成したり、または重合反応や分子量を調節したりするために、モノハロ化合物(必ずしも芳香族化合物でなくてもよい)を併用することができる。また、分岐または架橋重合体を生成させるために、3個以上のハロゲン原子が結合したポリハロ化合物(必ずしも芳香族化合物でなくてもよい)、活性水素含有ハロゲン化芳香族化合物、ハロゲン化芳香族ニトロ化合物等を併用することもできる。分岐・架橋剤としてのポリハロ化合物として、好ましくはトリハロベンゼンが挙げられる。
本発明では、脱水反応及び重合反応の溶媒として、非プロトン性極性有機溶媒である有機アミド溶媒を用いる。有機アミド溶媒は、高温でアルカリに対して安定なものが好ましい。有機アミド溶媒の具体例としては、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド等のアミド化合物;N-メチル-ε-カプロラクタム等のN-アルキルカプロラクタム化合物;N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)、N-シクロヘキシル-2-ピロリドン等のN-アルキルピロリドン化合物またはN-シクロアルキルピロリドン化合物;1,3-ジアルキル-2-イミダゾリジノン等のN,N-ジアルキルイミダゾリジノン化合物;テトラメチル尿素等のテトラアルキル尿素化合物;ヘキサメチルリン酸トリアミド等のヘキサアルキルリン酸トリアミド化合物等が挙げられる。有機アミド溶媒は、それぞれ単独で用いてもよいし、2種類以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
本発明では、重合反応を促進させ、高重合度のPASを短時間で得るなどの目的のために、必要に応じて各種重合助剤を用いることができる。重合助剤としては、一般にPASの重合助剤として公知の有機スルホン酸金属塩、ハロゲン化リチウム、有機カルボン酸金属塩、リン酸アルカリ金属塩等が挙げられる。重合助剤の使用量は、用いる化合物の種類により異なるが、硫黄源(仕込み硫黄源)1モル当たり、一般に0.01~10モルとなる範囲である。
本発明では特に、PASの重合工程において、重合反応を促進させて、高重合度のPASを短時間で得る観点から、反応混合物中に相分離剤を含有させる。すなわち、本発明のPASの製造方法は、相分離剤の存在下で行うPASの製造方法である。相分離剤は、重合反応がある程度進行した反応混合物(液相)をポリマー濃厚相(溶融PAS相)とポリマー希薄相(有機アミド溶媒相)の2相に液-液相分離させるために用いられる。相分離剤としては、一般にPASの相分離剤として公知のものを使用することができ、例えば、有機カルボン酸金属塩、有機スルホン酸金属塩、アルカリ金属ハライド、アルカリ土類金属ハライド、芳香族カルボン酸のアルカリ土類金属塩、リン酸アルカリ金属塩、アルコール類、パラフィン系炭化水素類、及び水からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種が挙げられる。相分離剤は、単独で使用するだけでなく、2種以上を組み合わせて使用することもできる。相分離剤の中でも、水、または、酢酸ナトリウム、酢酸リチウム、プロピオン酸リチウム、安息香酸リチウム等の有機カルボン酸金属塩、或いは、これらの組合せが好ましく、コストが低く後処理が容易な水がより好ましい。相分離剤の使用量は、用いる化合物の種類によって異なるが、有機アミド溶媒1kgに対し、通常0.01~20モル、好ましくは0.1~15モルの範囲内である。
本発明のPASの製造方法においては、仕込み工程において、有機アミド溶媒、硫黄源、アルカリ金属水酸化物、水、及びジハロ芳香族化合物を含有し、pHが12.5以上の仕込み混合物を調製する。仕込み工程に先だって、有機アミド溶媒、硫黄源、及びアルカリ金属水酸化物を含有する混合物を加熱して、該混合物を含有する系内から水を含む留出物の少なくとも一部を系外に排出する脱水工程を配置することが好ましい。
仕込み工程では、有機アミド溶媒、硫黄源、アルカリ金属水酸化物、水、及びジハロ芳香族化合物を含有し、pHが12.5以上の仕込み混合物を調製する。一般に、仕込み工程の前に脱水工程を配置することが多いため、仕込み工程での各成分量の調整及びpHの制御は、脱水工程で得られた混合物中の各成分の量を考慮して行う。
本発明では、少なくとも前段重合工程と後段重合工程の2つの重合工程により重合反応を行う。より具体的に、本発明の重合工程は、仕込み混合物を170℃以上の温度に加熱して重合反応を開始させ、240~280℃の温度で重合反応を継続して、ジハロ芳香族化合物の転化率が50%以上のプレポリマーを生成させる前段重合工程;及び該プレポリマーを含有する反応系内に、相分離剤の存在下に、硫黄源1モル当り1~20モル%に相当する量のアルカリ金属水酸化物を一括または分割添加し、245~290℃の温度で重合反応を継続する後段重合工程を含む。前段重合工程及び後段重合工程のそれぞれの重合反応時間は、一般に10分間~72時間の範囲であり、望ましくは30分間~48時間である。前段重合工程及び後段重合工程は、それぞれ温度条件を段階的に変化させたり、水やアルカリ金属水酸化物を分割して添加したりする複数の工程から構成されていてもよい。
前段重合工程では、仕込み混合物を170℃以上の温度に加熱して重合反応を開始させ、240~280℃の温度で重合反応を継続して、ジハロ芳香族化合物の転化率が50%以上のプレポリマーを生成させる。ジハロ芳香族化合物の転化率は、反応混合物中に残存するジハロ芳香族化合物の量をガスクロマトグラフィにより求め、その残存量とジハロ芳香族化合物の仕込み量と硫黄源の仕込み量に基づいて算出することができる。
続いて、後段重合工程において、先に説明した前段重合工程で生成したプレポリマーを含有する反応系内に、相分離剤の存在下に、硫黄源1モル当り1~20モル%に相当する量のアルカリ金属水酸化物を一括または分割添加し、245~290℃の温度で重合反応を継続する。後段重合工程での重合温度は、好ましくは250~280℃、より好ましくは255~275℃である。重合温度は、一定の温度に維持することができるが、必要に応じて、段階的に昇温または降温してもよい。本発明においては、前段重合工程を高い温度領域で実施することから、後段重合工程を行う温度への昇温加熱に要するエネルギー及び時間の節約が期待される。
本発明の製造方法において、重合反応後の後処理は、常法によって行うことができる。例えば、重合反応の終了後、反応混合物を冷却すると粒状のポリマー生成物を含むスラリーが得られる。冷却した生成物スラリーをそのまま、あるいは水などで希釈してから、濾別し、洗浄・濾過を繰り返して乾燥することにより、PASを回収することができる。
本発明の製造方法によれば、通常85%以上、更には87%以上、所望によっては90%以上の高い収率で粒状PASを得ることができる。また、本発明の製造方法によれば、高温領域での前段重合工程に続く後段重合工程において所定量のアルカリ金属水酸化物を添加することによって、アルカリ金属水酸化物を添加しない場合と比較して1.8%以上の収率の向上、反応条件によっては2%以上、更には3%以上の収率の向上を実現することができる。
ポリマーの収率は、脱水工程後の反応缶中に存在する有効硫黄源の全てがポリマーに転換したと仮定したときのポリマー重量(理論量)を基準値とし、この基準値に対する実際に回収したポリマー重量の割合(質量%)を算出した。
乾燥ポリマー約20gを用いて、東洋精機製キャピログラフ1-Cにより溶融粘度を測定した。この際、キャピラリーは、1mmφ×10mmLのフラットダイを使用し、設定温度は、310℃とした。ポリマー試料を装置に導入し、5分間保持した後、せん断速度1216sec-1での溶融粘度(以下、「MV」と表記することがある。)を測定した(単位:Pa・s)。
1.脱水工程:
62.4質量%の水硫化ナトリウム(NaSH)水溶液2001g(NaSH分として22.3モル)、及び73.5質量%の水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)水溶液1120g(NaOH分として20.6モル)をN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)5999gと共にチタン製20リットルオートクレーブ(反応缶)に投入した。水硫化ナトリウムと硫化ナトリウムとからなる硫黄源を「S」と表記すると、脱水前のNaOH/NaSHは、0.92(モル/モル)である。
脱水工程の後、21.9モルの有効S(仕込み硫黄源)を含む反応缶を温度150℃まで冷却し、p-ジクロロベンゼン(以下、「pDCB」と略記)3412g〔pDCB/有効S=1.06(モル/モル)〕、NMP3478g、及び水160g〔缶内の合計水量/NMP=4.0(モル/kg)、缶内の合計水量/有効S=1.5(モル/モル)〕を加え、さらに、缶内NaOH/有効S=1.00(モル/モル)になるように、純度97%のNaOH26gを加えた。反応缶内には、H2Sが揮散することにより生成したNaOH(0.7モル)が含まれている。この時の仕込み混合物のpHは、12.8であった。pHは、pH測定器を用いて測定した値である。
(前段重合工程)
反応缶に備え付けた撹拌機を250rpmで回転して仕込み混合物を撹拌しながら、温度220℃から240℃まで60分間(昇温速度0.33℃/分)で、次いで240℃から260℃まで30分間(昇温速度0.67℃/分)で連続的に昇温して、重合反応を継続させた(高温前段重合)。前段重合工程終了時におけるpDCBの転化率は、89%であった。
その後、撹拌機の回転数を400rpmに上げ、撹拌を続けながら、水434gと73.5質量%のNaOH水溶液82gを圧入し〔缶内の合計水量/NMP=7.1モル/kg、缶内の合計水量/有効S=2.65(モル/モル)、合計NaOH/有効S(以下、「NaOH/S」と表記することがある。)=1.07(モル/モル)〕、265℃に昇温して3時間反応させた。
反応終了後、反応混合物を室温付近まで冷却してから、反応液を100メッシュのスクリーンに通して粒状ポリマーを篩分した。分離したポリマーについて、アセトンにより2回洗浄し、水洗を3回行った後、0.3%酢酸水洗を行い、さらに水洗を4回行って洗浄ポリマーを得た。洗浄ポリマーは、105℃で13時間乾燥した。このようにして得られた粒状PASポリマーの収率は、90.0%であり、PASポリマーの溶融粘度は、20Pa・sであった。
73.6質量%のNaOH水溶液1220gを反応缶に投入し、水970gとNMP1243gを留出させ、この際、0.35モルの硫化水素(H2S)が揮散したこと、脱水工程後の反応缶内の有効S量(すなわち、「仕込み硫黄源」の量)は、21.9モルとなったことを除いて、実施例1と同様にして、脱水工程を実施した。次いで、仕込み工程において、缶内NaOH/有効Sが1.07(モル/モル)になるように、純度97%のNaOHを15.0g、水を83g添加したこと、並びに、後段重合工程において、水455gを圧入したが、NaOH水溶液の圧入を行わなかった〔アルカリ後添加は実施しなかった。缶内の合計水量/NMP=7.1(モル/kg)、缶内の合計水量/有効S=2.65(モル/モル)、合計NaOH/有効S=1.07(モル/モル)〕ことを除いて、実施例1と同様にして、重合工程及び後処理工程を実施して、粒状PASポリマーを得た。得られた粒状PASポリマーの収率は、87.9%であり、PASポリマーの溶融粘度は、20Pa・sであった。
前段重合工程を、温度220℃で1時間重合反応させ、次いで30分間で温度230℃に昇温して1.5時間重合反応させた(高温前段重合は実施しなかった。)ことを除いて、実施例1と同様にして、重合工程及び後処理工程を実施して、粒状PASポリマーを得た。得られた粒状PASポリマーの収率は、88.7%であった。PASポリマーの溶融粘度は、25Pa・sであった。
前段重合工程を、温度220℃で1時間重合反応させ、次いで30分間で温度230℃に昇温して1.5時間重合反応させた(高温前段重合は実施しなかった。)ことを除いて、比較例1と同様にして、重合工程及び後処理工程を実施して、粒状PASポリマーを得た。得られた粒状PASポリマーの収率は、88.1%であり、PASポリマーの溶融粘度は、23Pa・sであった。
1.脱水工程:
62.0質量%の水硫化ナトリウム水溶液2003g(NaSH分として22.2モル)と、73.6質量%の水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)水溶液1139g(NaOH分として21.0モル)とをNMP6003gと共にチタン製20リットルオートクレーブ(反応缶)に投入した。水硫化ナトリウムと硫化ナトリウムとからなる硫黄源を「S」と表記すると、脱水前のNaOH/NaSHは、0.94(モル/モル)である。
脱水工程の後、21.8モルの有効S(仕込み硫黄源)を含む反応缶を150℃まで冷却し、p-ジクロロベンゼン(pDCB)3298g〔pDCB/有効S=1.03(モル/モル)〕、NMP2899g、及び水150g〔缶内の合計水量/NMP=4.0(モル/kg)、缶内の合計水量/有効S=1.50(モル/モル)〕を加え、さらに、缶内NaOH/有効S=1.00(モル/モル)になるように、純度97%のNaOH2gを加えた。反応缶内には、H2Sが揮散することにより生成したNaOH(0.8モル)が含まれている。この時の仕込み混合物のpHは、12.9であった。
(前段重合工程)
反応缶に備え付けた撹拌機を250rpmで回転して仕込み混合物を撹拌しながら、実施例1と同様に昇温して、重合反応を継続させた(高温前段重合)。前段重合工程終了時におけるpDCBの転化率は、90%であった。
反応終了後、反応混合物を室温付近まで冷却してから、反応液を100メッシュのスクリーンに通して粒状ポリマーを篩分した。分離したポリマーについて、アセトンにより2回洗浄し、水洗を3回行った後、0.3%酢酸水洗を行い、さらに水洗を4回行って洗浄ポリマーを得た。洗浄ポリマーは、105℃で13時間乾燥した。このようにして得られた粒状PASポリマーの収率は、93%であり、PASポリマーの溶融粘度は、63Pa・sであった。
73.6質量%のNaOH水溶液1188gを反応缶に投入し、水975gとNMP710gを留出させ、この際、0.35モルの硫化水素(H2S)が揮散したこと、脱水工程後の反応缶内の有効S量(すなわち、「仕込み硫黄源」の量)は、21.8モルとなったことを除いて、実施例2と同様にして、脱水工程を実施した。次いで、仕込み工程において、缶内NaOH/有効Sが1.06(モル/モル)になるように、純度97%のNaOHを25.0g、水を95g添加したこと、並びに、後段重合工程において、NaOH水溶液の圧入を行わなかった〔アルカリ後添加は実施しなかった。缶内の合計水量/NMP=7.1(モル/kg)、缶内の合計水量/有効S=2.65(モル/モル)、合計NaOH/有効S=1.06(モル/モル)〕ことを除いて、実施例2と同様にして、重合工程及び後処理工程を実施して、粒状PASポリマーを得た。得られた粒状PASポリマーの収率は、89.7%であり、PASポリマーの溶融粘度は、54Pa・sであった。
前段重合工程を、温度220℃で1時間重合反応させ、次いで30分間で温度230℃に昇温して1.5時間重合反応させた(高温前段重合は実施しなかった。)ことを除いて、実施例2と同様にして、重合工程及び後処理工程を実施して、粒状PASポリマーを得た。得られた粒状PASポリマーの収率は、92.5%であり、PASポリマーの溶融粘度は、85Pa・sであった。
前段重合工程を、温度220℃で1時間重合反応させ、次いで30分間で温度230℃に昇温して1.5時間重合反応させた(高温前段重合は実施しなかった。)ことを除いて、比較例4と同様にして、重合工程及び後処理工程を実施して、粒状PASポリマーを得た。得られた粒状PASポリマーの収率は、92.1%であり、PASポリマーの溶融粘度は、88Pa・sであった。
(1)高温前段重合と、後段重合工程でのアルカリ後添加、具体的にはNaOH添加(以下、「NaOH後添加」ということがある。)とを行う実施例1及び実施例2によれば、90%以上の高い収率でPASポリマーを得ることができる。実施例1及び実施例2で得られるPASポリマーは、そのMVからみて高重合度のPASポリマーが得られていることが分かる。
(2)後段重合工程におけるNaOH/Sにおいて差がない実施例1と比較例1との対比、並びに、実施例2と比較例4との対比からみて、NaOH後添加により、PASポリマーの収率を向上させることができる。
(3)NaOH後添加を行う実施例1と比較例2との対比、並びに同じく実施例2と比較例5との対比から、高温前段重合を実施することにより、PASポリマーの収率を向上させることができる。
(4)NaOH後添加によるPASポリマーの収率向上の効果は、高温前段重合を実施する実施例1と比較例1との間の収率向上の割合と、高温前段重合を実施しない比較例2と比較例3との間の収率向上の割合との対比、並びに、高温前段重合を実施する実施例2と比較例4との間の収率向上の割合と、高温前段重合を実施しない比較例5と比較例6との間の収率向上の割合との対比からみて、高温前段重合の実施によって、収率向上の効果が顕著なものとなる。
(5)以上のことから、高温前段重合とNaOH後添加とを実施する実施例1及び実施例2によれば、高重合度のPASポリマーを高収率で得られることが分かる。
(1)有機アミド溶媒、硫黄源、アルカリ金属水酸化物、水、及びジハロ芳香族化合物を含有し、pHが12.5以上の仕込み混合物を調製する仕込み工程;
(2)該仕込み混合物を170℃以上の温度に加熱して重合反応を開始させ、240~280℃の温度で重合反応を継続して、ジハロ芳香族化合物の転化率が50%以上のプレポリマーを生成させる前段重合工程;
(3)該プレポリマーを含有する反応系内に、相分離剤の存在下に、硫黄源1モル当り1~20モル%に相当する量のアルカリ金属水酸化物を一括または分割添加し、245~290℃の温度で重合反応を継続する後段重合工程;
を含み、前段重合工程において、温度220℃から240℃までの昇温速度が、温度240℃からの昇温速度より小さいことを特徴とするPASの製造方法であることによって、また、該PASの製造方法により製造される温度310℃及びせん断速度1216sec-1で測定した溶融粘度が0.1~8000Pa・sのPASであることによって、
有機アミド溶媒中で硫黄源とジハロ芳香族化合物とをアルカリ条件下で重合反応させるPASの製造方法において、アルカリ金属水酸化物の添加に伴って生起する副反応等が抑制され、高重合度のPASを高収率で得られるPASの製造方法、並びに、効率よく得られる高重合度のPASを提供することができるので、産業上の利用可能性が高い。
Claims (9)
- 有機アミド溶媒中で、硫黄源とジハロ芳香族化合物とを重合させるポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法において、以下の工程(1)~(3):
(1)有機アミド溶媒、硫黄源、アルカリ金属水酸化物、水、及びジハロ芳香族化合物を含有し、pHが12.5以上の仕込み混合物を調製する仕込み工程;
(2)該仕込み混合物を170℃以上の温度に加熱して重合反応を開始させ、240~280℃の温度で重合反応を継続して、ジハロ芳香族化合物の転化率が50%以上のプレポリマーを生成させる前段重合工程;
(3)該プレポリマーを含有する反応系内に、相分離剤の存在下に、硫黄源1モル当り1~20モル%に相当する量のアルカリ金属水酸化物を一括または分割添加し、245~290℃の温度で重合反応を継続する後段重合工程;
を含み、前段重合工程において、温度220℃から240℃までの昇温速度が、温度240℃からの昇温速度より小さいことを特徴とするポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法。 - 硫黄源が、アルカリ金属硫化物及びアルカリ金属水硫化物の一方または両方を含有する請求項1記載のポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法。
- 仕込み工程の前に、有機アミド溶媒、硫黄源、及びアルカリ金属水酸化物を含有する混合物を加熱して、該混合物を含有する系内から水を含む留出物の少なくとも一部を系外に排出する脱水工程を配置する請求項1または2記載のポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法。
- 仕込み工程において、硫黄源1モル当り0.95~1.09モルのアルカリ金属水酸化物を含有する仕込み混合物を調製する請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載のポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法。
- 仕込み工程において、硫黄源1モル当り0.5~2モルの水を含有する仕込み混合物を調製する請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載のポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法。
- 仕込み工程において、硫黄源1モル当り0.95~1.2モルのジハロ芳香族化合物を含有する仕込み混合物を調製する請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載のポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法。
- 後段重合工程において、硫黄源1モル当りのアルカリ金属水酸化物の合計量が1.01~1.1モルとなるように、アルカリ金属水酸化物を添加する請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載のポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法。
- 相分離剤が、有機カルボン酸金属塩、有機スルホン酸金属塩、アルカリ金属ハライド、アルカリ土類金属ハライド、芳香族カルボン酸のアルカリ土類金属塩、リン酸アルカリ金属塩、アルコール類、パラフィン系炭化水素類、及び水からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載のポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載のポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法により製造される温度310℃及びせん断速度1216sec-1で測定した溶融粘度が0.1~8000Pa・sのポリアリーレンスルフィド。
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| JP4256506B2 (ja) * | 1998-12-24 | 2009-04-22 | 株式会社クレハ | ポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法 |
| WO2010134445A1 (ja) * | 2009-05-18 | 2010-11-25 | 株式会社クレハ | ポリアリーレンスルフィド及びその製造方法 |
| WO2011024879A1 (ja) * | 2009-08-27 | 2011-03-03 | 東レ株式会社 | ポリアリーレンスルフィドおよびその製造方法 |
| KR101470723B1 (ko) * | 2010-05-19 | 2014-12-08 | 가부시끼가이샤 구레하 | 폴리아릴렌술피드의 제조 방법 및 폴리아릴렌술피드 |
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2015
- 2015-12-18 US US15/540,636 patent/US10072123B2/en active Active
- 2015-12-18 CN CN201580069820.9A patent/CN107108893B/zh active Active
- 2015-12-18 KR KR1020177018881A patent/KR101910758B1/ko active Active
- 2015-12-18 JP JP2016567303A patent/JP6374030B2/ja active Active
- 2015-12-18 WO PCT/JP2015/085563 patent/WO2016108270A1/ja not_active Ceased
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| WO2006046748A1 (ja) * | 2004-10-29 | 2006-05-04 | Kureha Corporation | ポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法 |
| WO2010010760A1 (ja) * | 2008-07-22 | 2010-01-28 | 株式会社クレハ | 末端ハロゲン基含量が低減されたポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法 |
| WO2010013545A1 (ja) * | 2008-07-31 | 2010-02-04 | 株式会社クレハ | 粒状ポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法 |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020009481A1 (ko) * | 2018-07-03 | 2020-01-09 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 폴리아릴렌 설파이드의 제조 방법 |
| US11414521B2 (en) | 2018-07-03 | 2022-08-16 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Preparation method of polyarylene sulfide |
| WO2020044819A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-29 | 2020-03-05 | 株式会社クレハ | 連続脱水方法およびポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法 |
| JPWO2020044819A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-29 | 2020-12-17 | 株式会社クレハ | 連続脱水方法およびポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法 |
| CN112513143A (zh) * | 2018-08-29 | 2021-03-16 | 株式会社吴羽 | 连续脱水方法以及聚亚芳基硫醚的制造方法 |
| US11155682B2 (en) | 2018-08-29 | 2021-10-26 | Kureha Corporation | Continuous dehydration method and method for producing polyarylene sulfide |
| JP2021510749A (ja) * | 2018-12-18 | 2021-04-30 | 浙江新和成股▲分▼有限公司Zhejiang Nhu Co.,Ltd. | 高分子量ポリフェニレンスルフィド樹脂及びその製造方法並びに使用 |
| JP7194189B2 (ja) | 2018-12-18 | 2022-12-21 | 浙江新和成股▲分▼有限公司 | 高分子量ポリフェニレンスルフィド樹脂及びその製造方法並びに使用 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2016108270A1 (ja) | 2017-08-31 |
| CN107108893A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
| JP6374030B2 (ja) | 2018-08-15 |
| CN107108893B (zh) | 2019-09-03 |
| KR20170093935A (ko) | 2017-08-16 |
| US10072123B2 (en) | 2018-09-11 |
| KR101910758B1 (ko) | 2018-10-22 |
| US20170362387A1 (en) | 2017-12-21 |
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