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WO2016101226A1 - 一种胚胎移植器及其操作方法 - Google Patents

一种胚胎移植器及其操作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016101226A1
WO2016101226A1 PCT/CN2014/095014 CN2014095014W WO2016101226A1 WO 2016101226 A1 WO2016101226 A1 WO 2016101226A1 CN 2014095014 W CN2014095014 W CN 2014095014W WO 2016101226 A1 WO2016101226 A1 WO 2016101226A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
inner core
embryo
joint
injection device
uterus
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2014/095014
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李相运
段新崇
王棉娟
李阳
杨根海
张兴兴
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Beijing Kuge Cultural Development Co Ltd
Hebei Agricultural University
Original Assignee
Beijing Kuge Cultural Development Co Ltd
Hebei Agricultural University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Beijing Kuge Cultural Development Co Ltd, Hebei Agricultural University filed Critical Beijing Kuge Cultural Development Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2014/095014 priority Critical patent/WO2016101226A1/zh
Publication of WO2016101226A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016101226A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/42—Gynaecological or obstetrical instruments or methods
    • A61B17/425—Gynaecological or obstetrical instruments or methods for reproduction or fertilisation
    • A61B17/435—Gynaecological or obstetrical instruments or methods for reproduction or fertilisation for embryo or ova transplantation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
    • A61D19/00—Instruments or methods for reproduction or fertilisation
    • A61D19/04—Instruments or methods for reproduction or fertilisation for embryo transplantation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of bioengineering, and in particular to an embryo transfer device and a method of operating the same. Background technique
  • Embryo transfer is the biotechnology of transplanting mammalian early embryos produced in vitro and in vivo into the reproductive tract of the same female physiological state, and continuing to develop into normal individuals. It is genetics, development, reproductive biology, and An important technology in the field of animal breeding and breeding is an important part of the breeding of IVF, genetically modified animals, cloned animals and livestock.
  • the individual providing the embryo is called the donor, and the individual receiving the embryo is called the recipient.
  • Embryo transfer technology mainly involves mice, humans, cows, sheep, rabbits, horses, pigs, dogs, cats, rats, monkeys, deer, camels, etc., especially the former four species.
  • a blastocyst (a specific stage of early embryonic development) is transplanted into the uterus of the recipient to continue its development
  • the Chinese patent application No. CN201210379983.5 discloses an embryo transfer device and a method for using the same, which can accurately place an embryo into a correct position in the uterus under ultrasound guidance, thereby improving the success rate of embryo transfer.
  • the embryo transfer device comprises a rigid support core and a through-transplant tube and a guide tube. The key point is that the front end of the guide tube is provided with an echogenic steel ring.
  • the method of using the embryo transfer device includes the following steps: A. placing the support core into the guide tube, then inserting the guide tube into the uterus, observing the position of the echo rim of the guide tube by using an ultrasonic device, and adjusting the guide tube until the guide tube is at The appropriate position of the transplanted embryo, exit the support core; B.
  • Non-surgical embryo transfer requires no surgery, is quick and easy, has fast receptor recovery, is less susceptible to infection, and has low cost of transplanting.
  • mice and sheep are mainly transplanted by surgery because of their small size and physiological structure, while humans and cattle are mainly transplanted by non-surgical methods.
  • the success rate of transplanting in mice is about 80% (the number of births accounts for the percentage of transplanted blastocysts); the success rate of sheep surgical transplantation is about 65%; the success rate of human non-surgical transplantation Less than 30%; the success rate of non-surgical transplantation of cattle is about 50%; the success rate of non-surgical transplantation in mice is about 30%.
  • embryo transfer media In the field of embryo transfer research, a lot of research work has focused on embryo culture media, embryo implantation (or planting), embryo development, hormone regulation, etc., and there are few studies on embryo transfer devices and transplantation methods. We found: the damage caused by the transplanter to the endometrium of the recipient during embryo transfer, the volume of the transplant medium, the volume of the transplanted air, the location of the embryo to the uterus, the shape and material of the transplanter, and the operation of the transplanter. Methods and the like all significantly affect the success rate of embryo transfer.
  • mice non-surgical embryo transfer devices have greater damage to the endometrium, more transplanted fluids, and improper operation methods, resulting in easy embryo loss and early embryo implantation death.
  • the transplant success rate is only about 30%.
  • Human and large animals The main disadvantages of non-surgical embryo transfer technology are that the transplanter is thicker and the liquid and air injected into the uterus are more. Improper transplantation methods result in the embryos easily overflowing the uterus or the implantation position is not ideal, reducing the success rate of transplantation.
  • the transplanting device used for sheep embryo transfer is relatively thick, and the liquid and air are injected more, and the damage to the uterus is large and the embryo easily overflows the uterus. Summary of the invention
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to overcome the damage of the endometrium caused by the existing embryo transfer, the embryo easily overflowing the uterus and the improper implantation position of the embryo, resulting in the defect of the success rate of the transplantation.
  • the present invention provides an embryo transfer device comprising a joint, a sealing tube and an inner core, the joint having a hollow tapered structure and having a thin end and a thick end, the thick end of the joint being used for An injection device is connected, one end of the sealing tube is connected to the thin end of the joint, and the other end of the sealing tube is connected to one end of the inner core, the inner core is a hollow tubular structure and has a curvature, and the inner core has a flat end Smooth, the inner core is smooth.
  • the inner core is a circular arc having an arc of 20°-40°, the inner core has a length of 2-2.45 cm, and the inner core has an inner diameter of 0.31-0.49 mm, and the inner core is outside.
  • the diameter is 0.61-0.79 mm.
  • the inner core is a plastic material or a glass material.
  • the invention also provides an embryo transfer device, comprising a protection tube, an outer sleeve, a joint and an inner core, wherein the protection tube is swelled at one end and used for being placed in a uterus or a uterine horn, and the outer sleeve is covered
  • An outer surface of the core, the joint having a hollow tapered structure and having a thin end and a thick end, the thick end of the joint being for connection with an injection device, the thin end of the joint being connected to one end of the inner core, the inner
  • the core is a hollow tubular structure and the inner wall is smooth, and the other end of the inner core is blunt and smooth.
  • the inner core has a length of 20-70 cm, the inner core has an inner diameter of 0.2-0.4 mm, and the inner core has an outer diameter of 0.5-0.7 mm.
  • the inner core is a plastic material or a glass material
  • the outer sleeve and the protection tube are stainless steel materials or plastic materials.
  • the invention also provides an embryo transfer device comprising a joint, a sealing tube and an inner core, the joint has a hollow tapered structure and has a thin end and a thick end, and the thick end of the joint is used for connecting with an injection device, One end of the sealing tube is connected to the thin end of the joint, the other end of the sealing tube is connected to one end of the inner core, the inner core is a hollow tubular structure, and the inner core has an inner diameter of 0.3-0.5 mm. The outer diameter of the core is 0.7-0.8 mm.
  • the inner core is a plastic material or a glass material, and the inner core of the inner core is smooth and the top end is pure.
  • the present invention also provides a method of operating an embryo transfer device, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the inner core is sent into the cervix, and after the transplanter enters the cervix 8-10 mm, the injection device is rotated 90 degrees clockwise, and the rear end is pressed 30 degrees, and the transplanter slowly enters the uterus;
  • the embryo transfer recipient level is allowed to stand for 2-3 min;
  • the present invention provides a method of operating an embryo transfer device, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the inner core is sent to the protection tube.
  • the inner core is fixed, and the protection tube is retracted, so that the inner core is placed at a proper position in the uterus;
  • the inner core of the embryo transfer device of the invention has a certain curvature, the inner wall is smooth, the embryo is easily sucked, and the material is soft, and the damage of the transplanter to the uterus can be minimized;
  • the blunt garden is smooth, and the damage to the uterus is also reduced;
  • the inner core has a certain length, and the embryo can be sent to a better position;
  • the inner diameter is small, and the volume of the transplant solution can be reduced;
  • the volume can be precisely controlled, the volume of the transplanted liquid is minimized, the embryo is properly implanted in the uterus, the embryo is prevented from overflowing the uterus, and the efficiency of embryo implantation is improved.
  • the top end of the protective tube is swollen and blunt, and the inner core is left in the proper position of the uterus by the back protection tube to minimize the damage of the uterus; Smoothing the blunt body, also reducing the damage to the uterus; the inner core of the inner core is smooth, and the embryo can be easily sucked; the volume of the transplanter can be precisely controlled, the volume of the transplanted liquid is minimized, and the embryo implantation is improved. effectiveness.
  • the transplanter of the present invention can seal the inner core and the joint by using a sealing tube, and autoclave When the sealing tube is more secure.
  • the embryo transfer device of the present invention slowly rotates out of the uterus and stays, thereby maximally preventing the embryo from overflowing the uterus and improving the efficiency of embryo implantation.
  • the protective tube and the inner core of the embryo transfer device of the present invention slowly rotate out of the uterus and stay, so as to prevent the embryo from overflowing the uterus and improve the efficiency of embryo implantation.
  • the invention may also be used to inject a drug or liquid into the uterus for research or treatment purposes.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a mouse used in an embryo transfer device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view showing an open tube in an embryo transfer device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of an embryo transfer device for sheep according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of an embryo transfer device for humans and large animals according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the present invention provides an embryo transfer device for use in a rat, including a joint 1, a sealing tube 2, and an inner core 3, which has a hollow tapered structure and has a fine The end and the thick end, the thick end of the joint 1 is connected to the injection device, one end of the sealing tube 2 is connected to the thin end of the joint 1, and the other end is connected to one end of the inner core 3, and the inner core 3 is Hollow tubular knot It has a certain curvature.
  • the inner core 3 is a circular arc having an arc of 20°, the inner core 3 has a length of 2 cm, the inner core 3 has an inner diameter of 0.31 mm, and the inner core 3 has an outer diameter of 0.61 mm.
  • the material of the inner core 3 is plastic, and its top end is blunt and smooth.
  • the present invention also provides an embryo transfer device for use in humans or large animals such as cattle and horses, including a protective tube 6, an outer sleeve 5, a joint 1 and an inner core 3, said protection
  • the tube 6 is expanded at one end to be placed in the uterus or the uterine horn.
  • the outer sleeve 5 is covered on the outer surface of the inner core 3.
  • the joint 1 has a hollow tapered structure and has a thin end and a thick end.
  • the thick end of the joint 1 is for connection with an injection device, the thin end of which is connected to one end of the inner core 3, the inner core 3 is a hollow tubular structure, and the other end of the inner core 3 is blunt and smooth.
  • the inner core 3 When the embryo transfer device is used in a human, the inner core 3 has a length of 22 cm, the inner core 3 has an inner diameter of 0.2 mm, and the inner core 3 has an outer diameter of 0.5 mm; the inner core 3 The top end is smoothed by simmering, the inner core 3 is made of plastic, and the outer sleeve 5 and the protective tube 6 are made of plastic.
  • the inner core 3 When the embryo transfer device is used in a large animal such as a cow or a horse, the inner core 3 has a length of 40 cm, the inner core 3 has an inner diameter of 0.3 mm, and the inner core 3 has an outer diameter of 0.6 mm.
  • the top end of the inner core 3 is made smooth by boring, the inner core 3 is made of plastic, and the outer sleeve 5 and the protective tube 6 are made of stainless steel.
  • the protective tube has a length of 45 cm and a diameter of 3 mm.
  • the outer tube has a length of 55 cm and a diameter of 1 mm.
  • the present invention also provides an embryo transfer device for use in an embodiment of a sheep comprising a joint 1, a sealing tube 2 and an inner core 3, the joint 1 having a hollow tapered structure and having a thin end and a thick end, the thick end of the joint 1 is for connection with an injection device, one end of the sealing tube 2 is connected to the thin end of the joint 1, and the other end is connected to one end of the inner core 3, the inner core 3
  • the inner core 3 In the hollow tubular structure, the inner core 3 has an inner diameter of 0.3 mm and the inner core 3 has an outer diameter of 0.7 mm.
  • the joint 1 is connected to an injection device, and the inner core 3 is made of plastic and has a top end ⁇ Bake into a blunt round shape.
  • the present invention also provides a method of operating an embryo transfer device for use in a mouse, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the inner core 3 is sent into the cervix, and after the transplanter enters the cervix 8 mm, the injection device rotates 90 degrees clockwise, and the rear end is pressed 30 degrees, and the transplanter slowly enters the uterus;
  • the embryo transfer recipient level is allowed to stand for 2-3 min;
  • the present invention also provides a method of operating an embryo transfer device for use in humans and large animals, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the embryo is sucked to the top of the inner core 3 covered with the outer sleeve 5;
  • the protective tube 6 is placed in the human or animal uterus through the cervix;
  • the inner core 3 is sent to the protection tube 6.
  • the inner core 3 is fixed, and the protection tube 6 is retracted, so that the inner core 3 is placed at the proper position of the uterus;
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the present invention provides an embryo transfer device for use in a rat, including a joint 1, a sealing tube 2, and an inner core 3, which has a hollow tapered structure and has a fine The end and the thick end, the thick end of the joint 1 is connected to the injection device, one end of the sealing tube 2 is connected to the thin end of the joint 1, and the other end is connected to one end of the inner core 3, and the inner core 3 is Hollow tubular structure with a certain degree of curvature.
  • the inner core 3 is a circular arc having an arc of 30°, the inner core 3 has a length of 2.45 cm, the inner core 3 has an inner diameter of 0.49 mm, and the inner core 3 has an outer diameter of 0.79 mm.
  • the material of the inner core 3 is glass, and its top end is blunt and smooth.
  • the present invention also provides an embryo transfer device for use in humans or large animals such as cattle and horses, including a protective tube 6, an outer sleeve 5, a joint 1 and an inner core 3, said protection
  • the tube 6 is expanded at one end to be placed in the uterus or the uterine horn.
  • the outer sleeve 5 is covered on the outer surface of the inner core 3.
  • the joint 1 has a hollow tapered structure and has a thin end and a thick end.
  • the thick end of the joint 1 is for connection with an injection device, the thin end of which is connected to one end of the inner core 3, the inner core 3 is a hollow tubular structure, and the other end of the inner core 3 is blunt and smooth.
  • the inner core 3 When the embryo transfer device is used in a human, the inner core 3 has a length of 30 cm, the inner core 3 has an inner diameter of 0.25 mm, and the inner core 3 has an outer diameter of 0.55 mm; the inner core 3 The top end is smoothed by simmering, the inner core 3 is made of plastic, and the outer sleeve 5 and the protective tube 6 are made of plastic.
  • the inner core 3 When the embryo transfer device is used in a large animal such as a cow or a horse, the inner core 3 has a length of 55 cm, the inner core 3 has an inner diameter of 0.35 mm, and the inner core 3 has an outer diameter of 0.7 mm.
  • the top end of the inner core 3 is made smooth by simmering, the inner core 3 is made of plastic, and the outer sleeve 5 and the protective tube 6 are made of stainless steel.
  • the protective tube has a length of 50 cm and a diameter of 3.5 mm.
  • the outer sleeve is 60 cm in length and 1.2 mm in diameter.
  • the present invention also provides an embryo transfer device for use in an embodiment of a sheep comprising a joint 1, a sealing tube 2 and an inner core 3, the joint 1 having a hollow tapered structure and having a thin end and a thick end, the thick end of the joint 1 is for connection with an injection device, one end of the sealing tube 2 is connected to the thin end of the joint 1, and the other end is connected to one end of the inner core 3, the inner core 3
  • the inner core 3 In the hollow tubular structure, the inner core 3 has an inner diameter of 0.5 mm and the inner core 3 has an outer diameter of 0.8 mm.
  • the inner core 3 is made of glass and its top end is baked into a blunt circular shape.
  • the present invention also provides a method of operating an embryo transfer device for use in a mouse, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the sputum tube 4 is sent to the rat vagina;
  • the inner core 3 is sent into the cervix, and after the transplanter enters the cervix 9 mm, the injection device rotates 90 degrees clockwise, and the rear end is pressed 30 degrees, and the transplanter slowly enters the uterus;
  • the embryo transfer recipient level is allowed to stand for 2-3 min;
  • the present invention also provides a method of operating an embryo transfer device for use in humans and large animals, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the protective tube 6 is placed in the human or animal uterus through the cervix;
  • the inner core 3 is sent to the protection tube 6.
  • the inner core 3 is fixed, and the protection tube 6 is retracted, so that the inner core 3 is placed at the proper position of the uterus;
  • Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
  • the present invention provides an embryo transfer device for use in a rat, including a joint 1, a sealing tube 2, and an inner core 3, which has a hollow tapered structure and has a fine The end and the thick end, the thick end of the joint 1 is connected to the injection device, one end of the sealing tube 2 is connected to the thin end of the joint 1, and the other end is connected to one end of the inner core 3, and the inner core 3 is Hollow tubular structure with a certain degree of curvature.
  • the inner core 3 is a circular arc having an arc of 40°, the inner core 3 has a length of 2.2 cm, the inner core 3 has an inner diameter of 0.4 mm, and the inner core 3 has an outer diameter of 0.7 mm.
  • the material glass of the inner core 3 has a blunt top end that is smooth.
  • the present invention also provides an embryo transfer device for use in large animals such as cattle, horses, donkeys, camels, red deer, etc., including a protective tube 6, an outer sleeve 5, a joint 1 and an inner core.
  • the outer sleeve 5 is coated on the outer surface of the inner core 3
  • the joint 1 is hollow tapered structure and has a thin End and thick end, said connection The thick end of the head 1 is for connection with an injection device, the thin end of which is connected to one end of the inner core 3
  • the inner core 3 is a hollow tubular structure, and the other end of the inner core 3 is blunt and smooth.
  • the inner core 3 has a length of 65 cm, the inner core 3 has an inner diameter of 0.4 mm, and the inner core 3 has an outer diameter of 0.7 mm.
  • the top end of the inner core 3 is made smooth by simmering, the material of the inner core 3 is plastic, and the outer sleeve 5 and the protective tube 6 are made of stainless steel.
  • the protective tube has a length of 55 cm and a diameter of 4.0 mm.
  • the outer sleeve is 65 cm in length and 1.0 mm in diameter.
  • the present invention also provides an embryo transfer device for use in an embodiment of a sheep comprising a joint 1, a sealing tube 2 and an inner core 3, the joint 1 having a hollow tapered structure and having a thin end and a thick end, the thick end of the joint 1 is for connection with an injection device, one end of the sealing tube 2 is connected to the thin end of the joint 1, and the other end is connected to one end of the inner core 3, the inner core 3
  • the inner core 3 has an inner diameter of 0.4 mm, and the inner core 3 has an outer diameter of 0.6 mm.
  • the inner core 3 is made of glass and its top end is baked into a blunt circle. .
  • the present invention also provides a method of operating an embryo transfer device for use in a mouse, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the sputum tube 4 is sent to the rat vagina;
  • the inner core 3 is sent into the cervix, and after the transplanter enters the cervix 10 mm, the injection device is rotated 90 degrees clockwise, and the rear end is pressed 30 degrees, and the transplanter slowly enters the uterus;
  • the embryo transfer recipient level is allowed to stand for 2-3 min;
  • the present invention also provides a method of operating an embryo transfer device for use in humans and large animals, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the protective tube 6 is placed in the human or animal uterus through the cervix;
  • the inner core 3 is sent to the protection tube 6.
  • the inner core 3 is fixed, and the protection tube 6 is retracted, so that the inner core 3 is placed at the proper position of the uterus;
  • the mammalian embryo transfer device of the present invention and the method for the same have the following beneficial effects: 1.
  • the inner core of the mouse embryo transfer device of the invention has a certain curvature, the inner wall is smooth, the top end is blunt and the material is soft, and the maximum is Reducing damage to the uterus by the transplanter;
  • the inner core has a certain length to deliver the embryo to a better position;
  • the inner diameter is small, and the volume of the transplant solution can be reduced;
  • the volume of the transplanter can be precisely controlled Minimize the volume of the transplanted liquid, maximize the embryo's correct position in the uterus, prevent the embryo from overflowing the uterus, and improve the efficiency of embryo implantation. 2.
  • the top end of the protective tube is swollen and blunt, and the inner core is left in the proper position of the uterus by the back protection tube to minimize the damage of the uterus;
  • the top is smoothed by simmering, which also reduces the damage to the uterus;
  • the volume of the transplanter can be precisely controlled, the volume of the transplanted liquid is minimized, and the embryo is properly implanted in the uterus. Prevent embryos from overflowing the uterus and improve embryo implantation efficiency.
  • the sheep embryo transfer device of the present invention can seal the inner core and the joint by using a sealing tube, and the sealing tube is more firm when autoclaved; the inner diameter of the inner core is small, and the volume of the transplanting liquid can be reduced; The top is smoothed by simmering to reduce the damage to the uterus; the volume of the transplanter can be precisely controlled, the volume of the transplanted liquid is minimized, and the embryo is properly implanted in the uterus to prevent it from being implanted. The embryo overflows the uterus and improves the efficiency of embryo implantation.
  • the inner core of the murine embryo transfer device of the present invention slowly rotates out of the uterus and stays, thereby maximally preventing the embryo from overflowing the uterus.
  • the human and large animal embryo transfer device protection tube and inner core of the present invention slowly rotate out of the uterus and stay, so as to prevent the embryo from overflowing the uterus to the utmost extent.

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Abstract

一种胚胎移植器，包括接头（1）、密封管（2）和内芯（3），该接头（1）为中空锥形结构并具有细端和粗端，该接头（1）的粗端用于与注射装置相连，该密封管（2）的一端与接头（1）的细端相连，该密封管（2）的另一端与内芯（3）的一端相连，该内芯（3）为中空管状结构并具有弧度。还公开了一种胚胎移植器的操作方法。该胚胎移植器的内芯（3）有一定的弧度，内芯（3）内壁光滑且顶端钝圆，可以最大限度地减小移植器对子宫的损伤；该内芯（3）有一定的长度，可将胚胎送至更好的位置；内芯（3）的内径很小，可减小移植液体积；该移植器的体积可精确控制，最大限度减小移植液体的体积。

Description

一种胚胎移植器及其操作方法 技术领域
本发明涉及生物工程领域，尤其涉及一种胚胎移植器及其操作方法。 背景技术
胚胎移植是将体内、 外生产的哺乳动物早期胚胎移植到同种的生理状 态相同的雌性动物的生殖道内 ，使之继续发育成正常个体的生物技术，是 遗传学、 发育学、 生殖生物学以及动物繁殖育种学等研究领域的一项重要 技术，是试管婴儿、 转基因动物、 克隆动物、 家畜良种繁殖的重要环节。 提供胚胎的个体叫供体，接受胚胎的个体叫受体。 胚胎移植技术涉及到的 物种主要有小鼠、 人类、 牛、 羊、 兔、 马、 猪、 狗、 猫、 大鼠、 猴子、 马 鹿、 骆驼等，尤其以前四个物种为主。 如果要将囊胚（早期胚胎发育的一 个特定阶段）移植到受体的子宫内使之继续发育，通常有两种方法： 一种 是手术法，即先用手术器械打开受体腹腔，然后利用移植器将囊胚注入子 宫；另一种方法是非手术法，即直接将装有囊胚的移植器通过阴道和子宫 颈注入子宫内。
专利申请号为 CN201210379983.5的中国专利公开了一种胚胎移植装置 及其使用方法，可以在超声引导下准确地将胚胎放入子宫内正确的位置， 提高胚胎移植成功率。 该胚胎移植装置包括硬质的支撑芯和贯通的移植管、 引导管，关键在于所述引导管的前端设置有回声钢圈。 上述胚胎移植装置 的使用方法包括如下步骤： A.将支撑芯放入引导管内 ，然后将引导管插入 子宫内 ，利用超声装置观察引导管的回声钢圈的位置，调整引导管，直到 引导管处于移植胚胎的合适位置，退出支撑芯； B.将注射器与装载有待移 植胚胎的移植管相连，并将移植管插入引导管内 ，调整移植管相对于引导 管的位置，从而将移植管定位在合适的移植位置； C.利用注射器进行胚胎 植入，然后退出引导管、 移植管，完成胚胎移植。 但是这种装置及方法需 要在超声波的引导下进行定位，会对子宫内膜造成一定程度地损坏。
非手术法胚胎移植无需手术、 简单快捷、 受体恢复快、 不易感染且移 植费用低。 目前，小鼠和羊由于个体小以及生理结构等原因，主要采用手 术法移植，而人类和牛主要采用非手术法移植。 以囊胚移植为例，小鼠手 术法移植的成功率约 80% (出生个体数占移植囊胚数的百分比） ；羊手术 法移植的成功率约 65%；人类非手术法移植的成功率不足 30%；牛非手术 法移植成功率约 50%；小鼠非手术法移植成功率约 30%。 在胚胎移植研究 领域，大量研究工作集中于胚胎培养基、 胚胎着床（或附植）、 胚胎发育、 激素调节等方面，而关于胚胎移植器和移植方法的研究较少。 我们发现： 在胚胎移植过程中 ，移植器对受体子宫内膜造成的损伤、 移植培养基的体 积、 移植空气的体积、 胚胎移植到子宫的位置、 移植器的形状和材质、 移 植器的操作方法等都显著影响胚胎移植成功率。
然而， 目前小鼠非手术法胚胎移植器对子宫内膜的损伤较大、 移植液 体较多、 操作方法不当 ，致使胚胎容易丟失和发生早期着床胚胎死亡，移 植成功率仅 30%左右，这严重制约了该技术的推广和应用。 人类和大动物 非手术胚胎移植技术的主要缺点是移植器较粗以及注入子宫的液体和空气 较多，移植操作方法不当 ，致使胚胎容易溢出子宫或着床位置不理想，降 低移植成功率。 目前羊胚胎移植采用的移植器较粗，注入液体和空气较多， 对子宫损伤较大且胚胎容易溢出子宫。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于如何克服现有胚胎移植对子宫内膜的 损伤大，胚胎容易溢出子宫以及胚胎着床位置不合适，导致移植成功率降 低的缺陷。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种胚胎移植器，包括接头、 密封管和内芯，所述接头为中空锥形结构并具有细端和粗端，所述接头的 粗端用于与注射装置相连，所述密封管的一端与接头的细端相连，所述密 封管的另一端与内芯的一端相连，所述内芯为中空管状结构并具有弧度， 所述内芯顶端钝园光滑， 内芯内壁光滑。 进一步地，所述内芯为弧度为 20°-40° 的一段圆弧，所述内芯的长度 为 2-2.45 cm，所述内芯的内径为 0.31-0.49 mm，所述内芯的外径为 0.61-0.79 mm。
进一步地，所述内芯为塑料材料或玻璃材料。
本发明还提供了一种胚胎移植器，包括保护管、 外套管、 接头和内芯， 所述保护管一端膨大钝园，用于置入子宫或子宫角中 ，所述外套管包覆在 内芯的外表面，所述接头为中空锥形结构并具有细端和粗端，所述接头的 粗端用于与注射装置相连，所述接头的细端与内芯的一端相连，所述内芯 为中空管状结构且内壁光滑，所述内芯的另一端钝园光滑。
进一步地，所述内芯长度为 20-70 cm ,所述内芯的内径为 0.2-0.4 mm , 所述内芯的外径为 0.5-0.7 mm。
进一步地，所述内芯为塑料材料或玻璃材料，所述外套管和保护管为 不锈钢材料或塑料材料。
本发明还提供了一种胚胎移植器，包括接头、 密封管和内芯，所述接 头为中空锥形结构并具有细端和粗端，所述接头的粗端用于与注射装置相 连，所述密封管的一端与接头的细端相连，所述密封管的另一端与内芯的 一端相连，所述内芯为中空管状结构，所述内芯的内径为 0.3-0.5 mm ,所述 内芯的外径为 0.7-0.8 mm ,。
进一步地，所述内芯为塑料材料或玻璃材料，所述内芯内壁光滑且顶 端纯园。
相应地，本发明还提供了一种胚胎移植器的操作方法，所述方法包括 以下步骤：
51、 利用体积能够精确控制的注射装置吸取胚胎至内芯的顶端；
52、 敲击注射装置，在内芯的顶端形成一个小气泡；
53、 将开膣管送入阴道；
54、 将内芯送入子宫颈口 ，移植器进入子宫颈口 8-10 mm后，注射装 置顺时针旋转 90度， 同时将其后端下压 30度，移植器缓慢进入子宫；
55、 当密封管到达子宫颈口时，通过注射装置推出内芯中的胚胎至子 宫中 ，并保持 30秒钟； 56、 缓慢旋转后退移植器 3-8 mm ,固定内芯与注射装置，将移植器与 注射装置缓慢分离，去掉注射装置，使内芯留在子宫内 ；
57、 胚胎移植受体水平静置 2-3 min；
58、 缓慢旋转退出内芯，检查内芯中是否遗留胚胎，完成胚胎移植过 程。
相应地，本发明提供了一种胚胎移植器的操作方法，所述方法包括以 下步骤：
51、 利用体积能够精确控制的注射装置吸取胚胎至包覆有外套管的内 芯顶端；
52、 将保护管通过子宫颈置于子宫体或子宫角中 ；
53、 将内芯送入保护管，当内芯到达保护管的特定位置后，固定内芯， 后退保护管，使得内芯置于子宫适当位置；
54、 通过注射装置推出内芯中的胚胎至子宫中 ，并保持数分钟；
55、 缓慢旋转退出保护管和内芯，检查内芯中是否遗留胚胎，完成胚 胎移植过程。
本发明的哺乳动物胚胎移植器及其操作方法，具有如下有益效果：
1、 本发明的胚胎移植器的内芯有一定的弧度，内壁光滑，方便吸取胚 胎，且材质柔软，可以最大限度地减小移植器对子宫的损伤；所述内芯顶 端通过炙烤使其钝园光滑，同样减小了对子宫的损伤；所述内芯有一定的 长度，可以将胚胎送至更好的位置；所述内径很小，可以减小移植液体积； 所述移植器的体积可以精确控制，最大限度减小移植液体的体积，最大限 度确保胚胎在子宫内正确位置附植，防止胚胎溢出子宫，提高胚胎着床效 率。
2、 本发明的移植器中保护管的顶端膨大钝园而光滑，通过后退保护管 而将内芯留在子宫的合适位置，最大限度地减小子宫的损伤；所述内芯顶 端通过炙烤使其钝园光滑，同样减小了对子宫的损伤；所述内芯内壁光滑， 可以方便吸取胚胎；所述移植器的体积可以精确控制，最大限度减小移植 液体的体积，提高胚胎着床效率。
3、 本发明的移植器利用密封管可以将内芯和接头密封，而且高压灭菌 时，密封管更加牢固。
4、 本发明的胚胎移植器缓慢旋转退出子宫并停留，这样可以最大限度防止 胚胎溢出子宫，提高胚胎着床效率。
5、 本发明的胚胎移植器的保护管和内芯缓慢旋转退出子宫并停留，这样可 以最大限度防止胚胎溢出子宫，提高胚胎着床效率。
6、 本发明还可以用于研究或治疗为目的向子宫内注入药物或液体。 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对 实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地， 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员 来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它附图。
图 1是本发明实施例的胚胎移植器用于的鼠类的结构示意图 ； 图 2本发明实施例的胚胎移植器中的开膣管的结构示意图 ；
图 3本发明实施例的胚胎移植器用于羊的结构示意图 ；
图 4是本发明实施例的胚胎移植器用于人类和大动物的结构示意图。 图中 ： 1-接头， 2-密封管， 3-内芯， 4-开膣管， 5-外套管， 6-保护管。 具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图 ，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进 行清楚、 完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例， 而不是全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没 有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护 的范围。
实施例一：
如图 1和图 2所示，本发明提供了一种胚胎移植器，将其用于鼠类， 包括接头 1、 密封管 2和内芯 3 ,所述接头 1为中空锥形结构并具有细端和 粗端，所述接头 1的粗端用于与注射装置相连，所述密封管 2的一端与接 头 1的细端相连，另一端与内芯 3的一端相连，所述内芯 3为中空管状结 构并具有一定的弧度。
所述内芯 3为弧度为 20°的一段圆弧，所述内芯 3的长度为 2 cm，所述 内芯 3的内径为 0.31 mm ,所述内芯 3的外径为 0.61 mm ,所述内芯 3的材 料为塑料，其顶端钝园光滑。
如图 4所示，本发明还提供了一种胚胎移植器，将其用于人类或牛、 马等大动物中 ，包括保护管 6、 外套管 5、 接头 1和内芯 3 ,所述保护管 6 一端膨大钝园，用于置入子宫或子宫角中 ，所述外套管 5包覆在内芯 3的 外表面，所述接头 1为中空锥形结构并具有细端和粗端，所述接头 1的粗 端用于与注射装置相连，所述接头 1的细端与内芯 3的一端相连，所述内 芯 3为中空管状结构，所述内芯 3的另一端钝园光滑。
当将所述胚胎移植器用于人类中时，所述内芯 3长度为 22 cm ,所述内 芯 3的内径为 0.2 mm ,所述内芯 3的外径为 0.5 mm；所述内芯 3顶端通过 炙烤使其钝园光滑，所述内芯 3的材料为塑料，所述外套管 5和保护管 6 的材料为塑料。
当将所述胚胎移植器用于牛、 马等大动物中时，所述内芯 3长度为 40 cm ,所述内芯 3的内径为 0.3 mm ,所述内芯 3的外径为 0.6 mm。所述内芯 3顶端通过炙烤使其钝园光滑，所述内芯 3的材料为塑料，所述外套管 5和 保护管 6的材料为不锈钢。 所述保护管长度 45 cm ,直径 3 mm。 所述外套 管长度 55 cm ,直径 1 mm。
如图 3所示，本发明还提供了一种胚胎移植器，将其用于羊的实施例 中 ，包括接头 1、 密封管 2和内芯 3 ,所述接头 1为中空锥形结构并具有细 端和粗端，所述接头 1的粗端用于与注射装置相连，所述密封管 2的一端 与接头 1的细端相连，另一端与内芯 3的一端相连，所述内芯 3为中空管 状结构，所述内芯 3的内径为 0.3 mm ,所述内芯 3的外径为 0.7 mm ,所述 接头 1与注射装置相连，所述内芯 3的材料为塑料，其顶端炙烤成钝圆形。
相应地，本发明还提供了一种胚胎移植器的操作方法，将其用于鼠类 中 ，所述方法包括以下步骤：
S U 利用体积能够精确控制的注射装置吸取胚胎至内芯 3的顶端；
S2、 敲击注射装置，在内芯 3的顶端形成一个小气泡； 53、 将开膣管 4送入鼠类阴道；
54、将内芯 3送入子宫颈口 ，移植器进入子宫颈口 8 mm后，注射装置 顺时针旋转 90度，同时将其后端下压 30度，移植器缓慢进入子宫 ；
55、 当密封管 2到达子宫颈口时，通过注射装置推出内芯 3中的胚胎 至子宫中 ，并保持 30秒钟；
56、 缓慢旋转后退移植器 3 mm ,固定内芯 3与注射装置，将移植器与 注射装置缓慢分离，去掉注射装置，使内芯 3留在子宫内 ；
57、 胚胎移植受体水平静置 2-3 min；
58、 缓慢旋转退出内芯 3，检查内芯 3中是否遗留胚胎，完成胚胎移植 过程。
相应地，本发明还提供了一种胚胎移植器的操作方法，并将其用于人 类和大动物中 ，所述方法包括以下步骤：
51、 利用体积能够精确控制的注射装置吸取胚胎至包覆有外套管 5的 内芯 3顶端；
52、 将保护管 6通过子宫颈置于人类或动物子宫中 ；
53、 将内芯 3送入保护管 6 ,当内芯 3到达保护管 6的特定位置后，固 定内芯 3 ,后退保护管 6 ,使得内芯 3置于子宫适当位置；
54、 通过注射装置推出内芯 3中的胚胎至子宫中 ，并保持数分钟；
55、 缓慢旋转退出保护管 6和内芯 3，检查内芯 3中是否遗留胚胎，完 成胚胎移植过程。
实施例二：
如图 1和图 2所示，本发明提供了一种胚胎移植器，将其用于鼠类， 包括接头 1、 密封管 2和内芯 3 ,所述接头 1为中空锥形结构并具有细端和 粗端，所述接头 1的粗端用于与注射装置相连，所述密封管 2的一端与接 头 1的细端相连，另一端与内芯 3的一端相连，所述内芯 3为中空管状结 构并具有一定的弧度。
所述内芯 3为弧度为 30°的一段圆弧，所述内芯 3的长度为 2.45 cm , 所述内芯 3的内径为 0.49 mm ,所述内芯 3的外径为 0.79 mm ,所述内芯 3 的材料为玻璃，其顶端钝园光滑。 如图 4所示，本发明还提供了一种胚胎移植器，将其用于人类或牛、 马等大动物中 ，包括保护管 6、 外套管 5、 接头 1和内芯 3 ,所述保护管 6 一端膨大钝园，用于置入子宫或子宫角中 ，所述外套管 5包覆在内芯 3的 外表面，所述接头 1为中空锥形结构并具有细端和粗端，所述接头 1的粗 端用于与注射装置相连，所述接头 1的细端与内芯 3的一端相连，所述内 芯 3为中空管状结构，所述内芯 3的另一端钝园光滑。
当将所述胚胎移植器用于人类中时，所述内芯 3长度为 30 cm ,所述内 芯 3的内径为 0.25 mm ,所述内芯 3的外径为 0.55 mm；所述内芯 3顶端通 过炙烤使其钝园光滑，所述内芯 3的材料为塑料，所述外套管 5和保护管 6 的材料为塑料。
当将所述胚胎移植器用于牛、 马等大动物中时，所述内芯 3长度为 55 cm ,所述内芯 3的内径为 0.35 mm ,所述内芯 3的外径为 0.7 mm。 所述内 芯 3顶端通过炙烤使其钝园光滑，所述内芯 3的材料为塑料，所述外套管 5 和保护管 6的材料为不锈钢。 所述保护管长度 50 cm ,直径 3.5 mm。 所述 外套管长度 60 cm ,直径 1.2 mm。
如图 3所示，本发明还提供了一种胚胎移植器，将其用于羊的实施例 中 ，包括接头 1、 密封管 2和内芯 3 ,所述接头 1为中空锥形结构并具有细 端和粗端，所述接头 1的粗端用于与注射装置相连，所述密封管 2的一端 与接头 1的细端相连，另一端与内芯 3的一端相连，所述内芯 3为中空管 状结构，所述内芯 3的内径为 0.5 mm ,所述内芯 3的外径为 0.8 mm ,所述 内芯 3的材料为玻璃，其顶端炙烤成钝圆形。
相应地，本发明还提供了一种胚胎移植器的操作方法，将其用于鼠类 中 ，所述方法包括以下步骤：
S U 利用体积能够精确控制的注射装置吸取胚胎至内芯 3的顶端；
52、 敲击注射装置，在内芯 3的顶端形成一个小气泡；
53、 将开膣管 4送入鼠类阴道；
54、将内芯 3送入子宫颈口 ，移植器进入子宫颈口 9 mm后，注射装置 顺时针旋转 90度，同时将其后端下压 30度，移植器缓慢进入子宫 ；
55、 当密封管 2到达子宫颈口时，通过注射装置推出内芯 3中的胚胎 至子宫中 ，并保持 30秒钟；
56、 缓慢旋转后退移植器 5 mm ,固定内芯 3与注射装置，将移植器与 注射装置缓慢分离，去掉注射装置，使内芯 3留在子宫内 ；
57、 胚胎移植受体水平静置 2-3 min；
58、 缓慢旋转退出内芯 3，检查内芯 3中是否遗留胚胎，完成胚胎移植 过程。
相应地，本发明还提供了一种胚胎移植器的操作方法，并将其用于人 类和大动物中 ，所述方法包括以下步骤：
Sl、利用体积能够精确控制的注射装置吸取胚胎至包覆有外套管 5的内芯 3 顶端；
52、 将保护管 6通过子宫颈置于人类或动物子宫中 ；
53、 将内芯 3送入保护管 6 ,当内芯 3到达保护管 6的特定位置后，固 定内芯 3 ,后退保护管 6 ,使得内芯 3置于子宫适当位置；
54、 通过注射装置推出内芯 3中的胚胎至子宫中 ，并保持数分钟；
55、 缓慢旋转退出保护管 6和内芯 3，检查内芯 3中是否遗留胚胎，完 成胚胎移植过程。
实施例三：
如图 1和图 2所示，本发明提供了一种胚胎移植器，将其用于鼠类， 包括接头 1、 密封管 2和内芯 3 ,所述接头 1为中空锥形结构并具有细端和 粗端，所述接头 1的粗端用于与注射装置相连，所述密封管 2的一端与接 头 1的细端相连，另一端与内芯 3的一端相连，所述内芯 3为中空管状结 构并具有一定的弧度。
所述内芯 3为弧度为 40°的一段圆弧，所述内芯 3的长度为 2.2 cm ,所 述内芯 3的内径为 0.4 mm ,所述内芯 3的外径为 0.7 mm ,所述内芯 3的材 料玻璃，其顶端钝园光滑。
如图 4所示，本发明还提供了一种胚胎移植器，将其用于牛、 马、 驴、 骆驼、 马鹿等大动物中 ，包括保护管 6、 外套管 5、 接头 1和内芯 3 ,所述 保护管 6—端膨大钝园，用于置入子宫或子宫角中 ，所述外套管 5包覆在 内芯 3的外表面，所述接头 1为中空锥形结构并具有细端和粗端，所述接 头 1的粗端用于与注射装置相连，所述接头 1的细端与内芯 3的一端相连， 所述内芯 3为中空管状结构，所述内芯 3的另一端钝园光滑。
所述内芯 3长度为 65 cm ,所述内芯 3的内径为 0.4 mm ,所述内芯 3 的外径为 0.7 mm。 所述内芯 3顶端通过炙烤使其钝园光滑，所述内芯 3的 材料为塑料，所述外套管 5和保护管 6的材料为不锈钢。 所述保护管长度 55 cm ,直径 4.0 mm。 所述外套管长度 65 cm ,直径 1.0 mm。
如图 3所示，本发明还提供了一种胚胎移植器，将其用于羊的实施例 中 ，包括接头 1、 密封管 2和内芯 3 ,所述接头 1为中空锥形结构并具有细 端和粗端，所述接头 1的粗端用于与注射装置相连，所述密封管 2的一端 与接头 1的细端相连，另一端与内芯 3的一端相连，所述内芯 3为中空管 状结构，所述内芯 3的内径为 0. 4 mm ,所述内芯 3的外径为 0.6 mm ,所述 内芯 3的材料为玻璃，其顶端炙烤成钝圆形。 。
相应地，本发明还提供了一种胚胎移植器的操作方法，将其用于鼠类 中 ，所述方法包括以下步骤：
S U 利用体积能够精确控制的注射装置吸取胚胎至内芯 3的顶端；
52、 敲击注射装置，在内芯 3的顶端形成一个小气泡；
53、 将开膣管 4送入鼠类阴道；
54、 将内芯 3送入子宫颈口 ，移植器进入子宫颈口 10 mm后，注射装 置顺时针旋转 90度， 同时将其后端下压 30度，移植器缓慢进入子宫；
55、 当密封管 2到达子宫颈口时，通过注射装置推出内芯 3中的胚胎 至子宫中 ，并保持 30秒钟；
56、 缓慢旋转后退移植器 8 mm ,固定内芯 3与注射装置，将移植器与 注射装置缓慢分离，去掉注射装置，使内芯 3留在子宫内 ；
57、 胚胎移植受体水平静置 2-3 min；
58、 缓慢旋转退出内芯 3，检查内芯 3中是否遗留胚胎，完成胚胎移植 过程。
相应地，本发明还提供了一种胚胎移植器的操作方法，并将其用于人 类和大动物中 ，所述方法包括以下步骤：
S l、 利用体积能够精确控制的注射装置吸取胚胎至包覆有外套管 5的 内芯 3顶端；
52、 将保护管 6通过子宫颈置于人类或动物子宫中 ；
53、 将内芯 3送入保护管 6 ,当内芯 3到达保护管 6的特定位置后，固 定内芯 3 ,后退保护管 6 ,使得内芯 3置于子宫适当位置；
54、 通过注射装置推出内芯 3中的胚胎至子宫中 ，并保持数分钟；
55、 缓慢旋转退出保护管 6和内芯 3，检查内芯 3中是否遗留胚胎，完 成胚胎移植过程。
本发明的哺乳动物胚胎移植器及其操作方法，具有如下有益效果： 1、 本发明的鼠类胚胎移植器的内芯有一定的弧度， 内壁光滑，顶端钝园且材 质柔软，可以最大限度地减小移植器对子宫的损伤；所述内芯有一定的长 度，可以将胚胎送至更好的位置；所述内径很小，可以减小移植液体积； 所述移植器的体积可以精确控制，最大限度减小移植液体的体积，最大限 度确保胚胎在子宫内正确位置附植，防止胚胎溢出子宫，提高胚胎着床效 率。 2、 本发明的人类和大动物移植器中保护管的顶端膨大钝园而光滑，通 过后退保护管而将内芯留在子宫的合适位置，最大限度地减小子宫的损伤； 所述内芯顶端通过炙烤使其钝园光滑，同样减小了对子宫的损伤；所述移 植器的体积可以精确控制，最大限度减小移植液体的体积，最大限度确保 胚胎在子宫内正确位置附植，防止胚胎溢出子宫，提高胚胎着床效率。 3、 本发明的羊胚胎移植器利用密封管可以将内芯和接头密封，而且高压灭菌 时，密封管更加牢固；所述内芯内径很小，可以减小移植液体积；所述内 芯顶端通过炙烤使其钝园光滑，减小了对子宫的损伤；所述移植器的体积 可以精确控制，最大限度减小移植液体的体积，最大限度确保胚胎在子宫 内正确位置附植，防止胚胎溢出子宫，提高胚胎着床效率。
4、 本发明的鼠类胚胎移植器内芯缓慢旋转退出子宫并停留，这样可以 最大限度防止胚胎溢出子宫。
5、 本发明的人类和大动物胚胎移植器保护管和内芯缓慢旋转退出子宫 并停留，这样可以最大限度防止胚胎溢出子宫。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出 ，对于本技术领域的普 通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和 润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims

1.一种胚胎移植器，其特征在于，包括接头（ 1 )、 密封管（ 2 )和内 芯（ 3 ) ,所述接头（ 1 )为中空锥形结构并具有细端和粗端，所述接头（ 1 ) 的粗端用于与注射装置相连，所述密封管（ 2 )的一端与接头（ 1 )的细端 相连，所述密封管（ 2 )的另一端与内芯（ 3 )的一端相连，所述内芯（ 3 ) 为中空管状结构并具有弧度，所述内芯内壁光滑且顶端钝园。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的胚胎移植器，其特征在于，所述内芯（ 3 )为 弧度为 20°-40° 的一段圆弧，所述内芯（ 3 )的长度为 2-2.45 cm ,所述内芯 ( 3 )的内径为 0.31-0.49 mm ,所述内芯（ 3 )的外径为 0.61-0.79 mm。
3.根据权利要求 1或 2所述的胚胎移植器，其特征在于，所述内芯（ 3 ) 为塑料材料或玻璃材料。
4.一种胚胎移植器，其特征在于，包括保护管（ 6 )、 外套管（ 5 )、 接头（ 1 )和内芯（ 3 ) ,所述保护管（ 6 )—端膨大钝园，用于置入子宫或 子宫角中 ，所述外套管（ 5 )包覆在内芯（ 3 )的外表面，所述接头（ 1 )为 中空锥形结构并具有细端和粗端，所述接头（ 1 )的粗端用于与注射装置相 连，所述接头（ 1 )的细端与内芯（ 3 )的一端相连，所述内芯（ 3 )为中空 管状结构且内壁光滑，所述内芯（ 3 )的另一端钝园光滑。
5.根据权利要求 4所述的胚胎移植器，其特征在于，所述内芯（ 3 )长 度为 20-70cm ,所述内芯（ 3 )的内径为 0.2-0.4 mm ,所述内芯（ 3 )的外径 为 0.5-0.7 mm。
6.根据权利要求 4或 5所述的胚胎移植器，其特征在于，所述内芯（ 3 ) 为塑料材料或玻璃材料，所述外套管（ 5 )和保护管（ 6 )为不锈钢材料或 塑料材料。
7.一种胚胎移植器，其特征在于，包括接头（ 1 )、 密封管（ 2 )和内 芯（ 3 ) ,所述接头（ 1 )为中空锥形结构并具有细端和粗端，所述接头（ 1 ) 的粗端用于与注射装置相连，所述密封管（ 2 )的一端与接头（ 1 )的细端 相连，所述密封管（ 2 )的另一端与内芯（ 3 )的一端相连，所述内芯（ 3 ) 为中空管状结构，所述内芯（ 3 )的内径为 0.3-0.5 mm ,所述内芯（ 3 )的外 径为 0.7-0.8 mm。
8.根据权利要求 7所述的胚胎移植器，其特征在于，所述内芯（ 3 )为 塑料材料或玻璃材料，所述内芯内壁光滑且顶端钝园。
9.一种权利要求 1所述的胚胎移植器的操作方法，其特征在于，所述 方法包括以下步骤：
51、 利用体积能够精确控制的注射装置吸取胚胎至内芯的顶端；
52、 敲击注射装置，在内芯的顶端形成一个小气泡；
53、 将开膣管送入阴道；
54、 将内芯送入子宫颈口 ，移植器进入子宫颈口 8-10 mm后，注射装 置顺时针旋转 90度， 同时将其后端下压 30度，移植器缓慢进入子宫；
55、 当密封管到达子宫颈口时，通过注射装置推出内芯中的胚胎至子 宫中 ，并保持 30秒钟；
56、 缓慢旋转后退移植器 3-8 mm ,固定内芯与注射装置，将移植器与 注射装置缓慢分离，去掉注射装置，使内芯留在子宫内 ；
57、 胚胎移植受体水平静置 2-3 min；
58、 缓慢旋转退出内芯，检查内芯中是否遗留胚胎，完成胚胎移植过 程。
10.一种权利要求 4所述的胚胎移植器的操作方法，其特征在于，所述 方法包括以下步骤：
Sl、 利用体积能够精确控制的注射装置吸取胚胎至包覆有外套管的内 芯顶端；
52、 将保护管通过子宫颈置于子宫体或子宫角中 ；
53、 将内芯送入保护管，当内芯到达保护管的特定位置后，固定内芯， 后退保护管，使得内芯置于子宫适当位置；
54、 通过注射装置推出内芯中的胚胎至子宫中 ，并保持数分钟；
55、 缓慢旋转退出保护管和内芯，检查内芯中是否遗留胚胎，完成胚 胎移植过程。
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