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WO2016100750A1 - Conception multiphysique pour des dispositifs d'énergie à électrolyte solide présentant une densité d'énergie élevée - Google Patents

Conception multiphysique pour des dispositifs d'énergie à électrolyte solide présentant une densité d'énergie élevée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016100750A1
WO2016100750A1 PCT/US2015/066524 US2015066524W WO2016100750A1 WO 2016100750 A1 WO2016100750 A1 WO 2016100750A1 US 2015066524 W US2015066524 W US 2015066524W WO 2016100750 A1 WO2016100750 A1 WO 2016100750A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
limited
state battery
characteristics comprise
thermal
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2015/066524
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English (en)
Inventor
Yen -Hung CHEN
Ann Marie Sastry
Chia-Wei Wang
Xiangchun Zhang
Hyoncheol Kim
Myoungdo Chung
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Sakti3 Inc
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Sakti3 Inc
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Publication of WO2016100750A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016100750A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/30—Circuit design
    • G06F30/39—Circuit design at the physical level
    • G06F30/392—Floor-planning or layout, e.g. partitioning or placement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/30—Circuit design
    • G06F30/39—Circuit design at the physical level
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2115/00—Details relating to the type of the circuit
    • G06F2115/02—System on chip [SoC] design
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • batteries can be used for a variety of applications such as portable electronics (cell phones, personal digital assistants, radio players, music players, video cameras, and the like), tablet and laptop computers, power supplies for military use (communications, lighting, imaging, satellite, and the like), power supplies for aerospace applications (aero plane , satellites and micro air vehicles), power supplies for vehicle applications (hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, fully electric vehicles, electric scooter, , underwater vehicle, boat, ship, electric garden tractor, and electric ride on garden device), power supplies for remote control devices (unmanned aero drone, unmanned aero plane, an RC car), power supplies for a robotic appliances (robotic toys, robotic vacuum cleaner, robotic garden tools, robotic construction utility), power supplies for power tool (electric drill, electric mower, electric vacuum cleaner, electric metal working grinder, electric heat gun, electric press expansion tool, electric saw and cutters, electric sander and polisher, electric shear and nibbler, and routers), power supply for personal hygiene device (electric tooth brush, hand dryer and electric hair dryer), heater, cooler, chiller, power
  • Electrodes involve multiple manufacturing processes. That is, conventional manufacturing of electrodes include casting a paste of mixtures of active materials, conductive additives, binder, and solvent onto a metal substrate to form an electrode. Next, the paste of mixtures making up the electrode is dried in a high temperature oven or at room temperature. The electrode is laminated to a sufficiently low thickness to assure good contact among the constituent particles.
  • Performance targets for electrochemical cells include adequate specific energy/power and energy/power density, cell and module robustness, safety, aging characteristics, lifetime, thermal behavior, and material/shelf life. Unfortunately, limitations exist in designing and manufacturing the electrochemical cells. Achieving the performance targets is accomplished through trial and error, which is tedious and time consuming. Often times, cell capacity and chemistry are selected.
  • the method and system for operation of such batteries are also applicable to cases in which the battery is not the only power supply in the system, and additional power is provided by a fuel cell, other batteries, an IC engine or other combustion devices, capacitors, solar cells, combinations thereof, and others.
  • the design of such batteries is also applicable to cases in which the battery is not the only power supply in the system, and additional power is provided by a fuel cell, other battery, IC engine or other combustion device, capacitor, solar cell, etc.
  • the invention has been provided using finite element analysis or other suitable techniques, a method of numerical analysis of multiphysics problems, in which partial or whole differential equations are solved simultaneously.
  • the thermal characteristics include thermal conductivity, specific heat, melting temperature, vaporizing temperature.
  • the optical characteristics include reflectance.
  • the chemical characteristics include reaction constant, open circuit potential.
  • the intrinsic characteristics of the electrochemical cells include layer thickness, layer width, layer length, layer spacing, interfacial interaction of connected layers, shape of each layer, defect size, defect distribution, defect material, type of layer materials. And the selection of electrochemical equilibrium or dynamic load
  • the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a multi-layered solid-state battery device, the method comprising: generating spatial information each layer geometry.
  • the method also includes storing the spatial information including each layer geometry into a database structure.
  • the method includes selecting one or more material properties from a plurality of materials and using the one or more material properties with the spatial information in a simulation program.
  • the method also includes outputting one or more performance parameters from the simulation program.
  • a multi-layered solid-state battery device comprising a plurality of solid state battery cells numbered from 1 through N, each of the solid state battery cells comprising a first current collector overlying the substrate member, a cathode device overlying the first current collector, an electrolyte device overlying the first current collector, an anode device overlying the electrolyte device, and a second current collector overlying the anode device, each of the plurality of solid state battery cells being operable at a state of charge.
  • the present invention provides a computer-aided system for processing information related to a multi-layered solid-state battery device, the system includes: one or more computer readable memory, the one or more computer readable memory comprising: one or more computer codes for outputting a computer generated relationship between one or more first characteristics referenced against one or more second characteristics for a selected material set for a design of three dimensional spatial elements in a three- dimensional electrochemical cell.
  • One or more codes are directed to selecting one or more of the first characteristics or second characteristics for the selected material set.
  • One or more codes are directed to processing the one or more selected first or second characteristics to determine whether the one or more first or second characteristics is within one or more predetermined performance parameters.
  • the present method and system takes an unconventional approach to design an electrochemistry or use of other materials for a selected battery architecture, which is conventionally an ending point and not a starting point for a design process.
  • the present method and system designs an architecture and then determine electrochemistry and other parameters. Accordingly, we have been able to systematically produce a cost effective design and manufacturing process to meet performance targets such as performance, reliability, safety, lifecycle, reclamation and reuse, cost, and other factors.
  • conventional computer software and hardware can be used for computer aided design of selecting one or more electrochemistries (anode/cathode and electrolyte) for a selected design architecture.
  • the present method and system can simulate design and processing such as packing in three dimensions, using computer aided hardware and analysis techniques such as mesh generation with irregular geometric objects with memory sizes of 32 gigabyte and greater, and processing speeds of 3 gigahertz and greater.
  • irregular shaped objects include, among others, sinusoidal and ellipsoidal.
  • Other benefits include an ability it confers in rational design and combination of multiple materials to produce electrochemical cells, in desired arrangements. These designs, in turn, confer superior properties to designed cells, and elimination of costly-trial and error in construction of prototype cells. Depending upon the specific embodiment, one or more of these benefits may be achieved.
  • FIGURE 1 is a simplified diagram of a computer aided system for designing a three- dimensional electrochemical cell according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a simplified diagram of computer modules for the computer aided system for designing the three-dimensional electrochemical cell according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGURE 3 is a simplified diagram of three dimensional processing module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 4 is a simplified flow diagram of a method for designing an electrochemical cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 5A is a simplified flow diagram of the a method for modifying existing electrochemical cell design according to one or more embodiments of the present invention
  • FIGURE 5B is a simplified flow diagram of the a method for modifying existing electrochemical cell manufacturing parameters according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 6A illustrates a cathode with thin-film design according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGURE 6B illustrates a cathode with column design according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGURE 7B illustrates electrochemical cell geometry according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGURE 7D illustrates a contour of lithium concentration at time of 11548 seconds of an electrochemical cell according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGURE 18 is a simplified illustration of contour plot showing the discharge volumetric energy density (in Wh/1) of a cell, with improved material properties by adjusting processing conditions, designed for wearable device applications with different low and high cut-off voltages according to an example of the present disclosure.
  • FIGURE 19 is an illustration of cathode diffusivity as a function of normalized distance by cathode thickness from cathode current collector (CC) and cathode (CA) interface.
  • FIGURE 20 is an illustration of the simulation result of lithium trapped in cathode over cycle.
  • FIGURE 22B shows the lithium ion concentration profile in the cathode at different discharge rate.
  • FIGURE 24 is a schematic representation of fabrication a multiple stacked solid state battery cells on an arbitrary shape of mandrel as winding during deposition according to an example of the present disclosure.
  • batteries can be used for a variety of applications such as portable electronics (cell phones, personal digital assistants, radio players, music players, video cameras, and the like), tablet and laptop computers, power supplies for military use (communications, lighting, imaging, satellite, and the like), power supplies for aerospace applications (aero plane , satellites and micro air vehicles), power supplies for vehicle applications (hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, fully electric vehicles, electric scooter, , underwater vehicle, boat, ship, electric garden tractor, and electric ride on garden device), power supplies for remote control devices (unmanned aero drone, unmanned aero plane, an RC car), power supplies for a robotic appliances (robotic toys, robotic vacuum cleaner, robotic garden tools, robotic construction utility), power supplies for power tool (electric drill, electric mower, electric vacuum cleaner, electric metal working grinder, electric heat gun, electric press expansion tool, electric saw and cutters, electric sander and polisher, electric shear and nibbler, and routers), power supply for personal hygiene device (electric tooth brush, hand dryer and electric hair dryer), heater,
  • the invention has been provided using a method of numerical analysis of multiphysics problems, in which partial or whole differential equations are solved simultaneously. These relations include material characteristics, intrinsic characteristics, electrochemical equilibrium or dynamic load considerations, and performance parameters.
  • the material characteristics comprise physical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, optical, or chemical characteristics.
  • the physical characteristics include mass density, crystal structure, stoichiometry, ionic conductivity, diffusivity, and barrier properties including moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and oxygen transmission rate (OTR).
  • the mechanical characteristics include modulus, hardness, thermal expansion coefficient, and concentration expansion coefficient.
  • the electrical characteristics include electronic conductivity, dielectric constant, sheet resistance, and contact resistance.
  • the database stored in the data storage device 5 includes material characteristics, intrinsic characteristics, electrochemical equilibrium or dynamic load considerations, and performance parameters.
  • the manufacturing parameters for thin film deposition is also stored in the storage so one can build the relationships among manufacturing parameters and material characteristics, intrinsic characteristics, electrochemical equilibrium or dynamic load considerations, and performance parameters.
  • the logic 15, underlies the behavior of the materials.
  • the electrochemical load 17, underlies electrochemical equilibrium or dynamic load considerations including cell charge, discharge current, voltage, and time profile.
  • the manufacturing parameters 18, underlies the manufacturing process parameters to make multi-layered solid state battery device. Then, the operation of the three-dimensional electrochemical cell is simulated based on the information gathered by this computer aided design tool, and is output to the database structure 16.
  • This example demonstrates building multiple stack solid state batteries by winding.
  • the present invention provides a method of using a flexible material that has a thickness in the range between 0.1 and 100 ⁇ as the substrate for the solid state batteries.
  • the flexible material can be selected from polymer film, such as PET, PEN, or metal foils, such as copper, aluminum.
  • the deposited layers that comprise solid state batteries on the flexible substrate then can be wound into a cylindrical shape or wound then compressed into a prismatic shape.
  • FIGURE 8 shows the image of the wound cell as an example of the present invention.
  • the wound cells can further be processed by cutting the round corners to maximize the energy densities as shown in FIGURE 9.
  • EXAMPLE 3 Building multiple stack solid state batteries by z-folding
  • solid state batteries have much higher energy densities than conventional batteries, these batteries are capable of delivering very high energy density even cycled at limited SOC (not full SOC range).
  • multiphysics finite element simulation is used for designing energy density for cells targeting wearable device applications.
  • FIGURE 17 shows the deliverable energy density of an example cell design when discharged at 67 mA at different high and low cut-off voltages.
  • FIGURE 19 shows the cathode diffusivity as a function of normalized distance by cathode thickness from cathode current collector (CC) and cathode (CA) interface.
  • Functionally graded material with very low lithium diffusivity near current collector side and very high lithium diffusivity in the other side is made. The cell is discharged at 1C rate, and constant current charged at 1C rate, followed by constant voltage charge with 2 hours of holding time.
  • FIGURE 20 shows the result of lithium trapped in cathode over cycle. After 16 cycles, 2% of lithium (2% of capacity) is trapped in the cathode.
  • cathode diffusivity varies in the x-z, y-z, and x-y planes.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of utilizing these advantages of cathode and solid state batteries by defining and controlling the voltage range and the depth of discharge.
  • cathode material with functionally graded diffusivity and constant diffusivity are made.
  • the functionally graded cathode with linear diffusivity distribution of cathode where the top part has higher lithium ion diffusivity and the bottom part has lower diffusivity, and the diffusivity distribution is shown in FIGURE 22A.
  • multiphysics finite element simulation is used for lithium concentration calculation in cathode.
  • FIGURE 22B shows the lithium ion concentration profile in the cathode at different discharge rate and in different cathode material. If the target is high utilization of lithium, C/10 is recommended in the application for both graded diffusivity and constant diffusivity cathode materials. If the low lithium ion concentration at the CC/CA interface is required in order to prevent lithium diffusion through CC, 1C discharge rate and graded cathode material are recommended in the application.
  • EXAMPLE 10 Self-discharge and current leakage in electrolyte due to defect.
  • the present disclosure describes the effect of defect in the electrolyte layer using finite element multi-physics simulation. Pinhole, crack, spit, and debris are common defects in electrolyte made by deposition technique. With increase the defect size and distribution in the electrolyte, the electronic conductivity increases, which result in drop in open circuit potential.
  • FIGURE 23 shows the effect of electrolyte electronic conductivity on open circuit potential over time. With increase in the electronic conductivity, the cell self-discharges and the voltage drops over time. Defects need to be reduced in order to keep the low electronic conductivity in the electrolyte to maintain low self-discharge rate and long battery life.

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  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de fabriquer une batterie à électrolyte solide à couches multiples. Le procédé consiste à générer des informations spatiales comprenant une géométrie d'anode, une géométrie de cathode, une géométrie d'électrolyte, une géométrie de barrière et une ou plusieurs géométries de collecteur de courant. Le procédé consiste également à stocker les informations spatiales comprenant la géométrie d'anode, la géométrie de cathode, la géométrie d'électrolyte, la géométrie de barrière, et la ou les géométries de collecteur de courant dans une structure de base de données. Selon un mode de réalisation spécifique, le procédé consiste à sélectionner une ou plusieurs propriétés de matériau d'une pluralité de matériaux et à utiliser la ou les propriétés de matériau avec les informations spatiales dans un programme de simulation. Le procédé consiste à transmettre un ou plusieurs paramètres de performance à partir du programme de simulation.
PCT/US2015/066524 2014-12-18 2015-12-17 Conception multiphysique pour des dispositifs d'énergie à électrolyte solide présentant une densité d'énergie élevée Ceased WO2016100750A1 (fr)

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US201462094038P 2014-12-18 2014-12-18
US62/094,038 2014-12-18

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WO2020106090A1 (fr) * 2018-11-23 2020-05-28 배영식 Procédé d'impression 3d, et son dispositif de mise en œuvre
CN114491873A (zh) * 2022-04-02 2022-05-13 华中科技大学 激光焊接瞬态温度场及应力场数值计算方法及系统
CN115331855A (zh) * 2022-07-08 2022-11-11 上海交通大学 用于微型反应堆的多物理场耦合系统及方法
WO2024099018A1 (fr) * 2022-11-09 2024-05-16 南京泉峰科技有限公司 Bloc-batterie, outil électrique, système d'outil électrique, tondeuse à gazon et ponceuse
CN119890493A (zh) * 2025-01-07 2025-04-25 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 固态电池参数调整方法、装置、存储介质及电子设备

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CN109902372B (zh) * 2019-02-20 2023-04-18 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 一种基于有限元分析的电池卷芯模拟方法

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CN114491873A (zh) * 2022-04-02 2022-05-13 华中科技大学 激光焊接瞬态温度场及应力场数值计算方法及系统
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CN115331855A (zh) * 2022-07-08 2022-11-11 上海交通大学 用于微型反应堆的多物理场耦合系统及方法
WO2024099018A1 (fr) * 2022-11-09 2024-05-16 南京泉峰科技有限公司 Bloc-batterie, outil électrique, système d'outil électrique, tondeuse à gazon et ponceuse
CN119890493A (zh) * 2025-01-07 2025-04-25 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 固态电池参数调整方法、装置、存储介质及电子设备

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