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WO2016197300A1 - 一种高精度的微型化颗粒物传感器 - Google Patents

一种高精度的微型化颗粒物传感器 Download PDF

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WO2016197300A1
WO2016197300A1 PCT/CN2015/080969 CN2015080969W WO2016197300A1 WO 2016197300 A1 WO2016197300 A1 WO 2016197300A1 CN 2015080969 W CN2015080969 W CN 2015080969W WO 2016197300 A1 WO2016197300 A1 WO 2016197300A1
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light
particle sensor
infrared led
sensor according
precision
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杜晨光
戴震宇
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions

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  • the invention relates to a high precision miniaturized particle sensor.
  • Atmospheric particulate matter is mainly derived from anthropogenic emissions, including the burning of three major fossil fuels, biomass, and direct emissions of road and building dust, industrial dust, and secondary particulate matter converted from gaseous pollutants discharged at one time. Atmospheric particulate matter can be suspended in the air for a long time, easy to carry toxic and harmful substances, and the transport distance is long, and the physiological structure of the human body determines the limited effect of filtering and blocking atmospheric particulate matter, so the atmospheric particulate matter has great influence on human health. .
  • Light scattering method is the most commonly used method for on-line monitoring of air quality.
  • Particle sensors developed by the principle of light scattering are common on the market.
  • Such sensors on the market have the following disadvantages: 1.
  • the light emitted by the optical device passes through the sensor to measure the indoor wall.
  • the multiple reflections form stray light, and the stray light enters the light receiver together with the light scattered by the particles, resulting in a low signal-to-noise ratio, large reading drift, and large deviation in measurement results. 2.
  • the light-emitting device is Working at a large current, resulting in a large power consumption; 3, the lens used for a long focal length, large diameter, resulting in a large overall sensor size; 4, the sensor circuit board is exposed outside, prone to moisture, corrosion, aging and other issues The sensor life is short and the performance is unstable. 5.
  • the probe used by the sensor responds to visible light, so it is easily interfered by external light, resulting in inaccurate sensor reading.
  • the present invention provides a highly accurate miniaturized particle sensor.
  • a high-precision miniaturized particle sensor is composed of a dark room, a converging lens, a collecting lens, an infrared LED, a light receiver, an aperture, a circuit, and the particulate matter
  • the sensor has a vent on at least one side for ambient air to enter the darkroom for measurement.
  • the converging lens, the collecting lens, the infrared LED, and the light receiver are all installed in a dark room, and the converging lens, the aperture, and the infrared LED form a transmitting system, and the aperture is located between the converging lens and the infrared LED, so that the infrared LED can be filtered out.
  • the large angle of the exit light, so that the small angle of the exit light passes normally.
  • the collecting lens, the diaphragm and the light receiver constitute a detecting system, and the diaphragm is located between the collecting lens and the light receiver, so that the stray background light can be filtered out, and the signal light generated by the scattering can pass normally.
  • the center of the pupil surrounds a space forming a cone, which makes the filtering effect best.
  • the launching system and the detecting system are respectively disposed on both sides of the vent hole.
  • the converging lens and the collecting lens all adopt short-focus, small-diameter lenses to realize miniaturization of the entire system.
  • the dark chamber is made of a material that absorbs light, which will help eliminate the interference of stray light and ensure the accuracy of the sensor reading.
  • the circuit includes a constant current drive module, an I-V conversion, an operational amplifier, and a connector.
  • the constant current driving module Under the control of the constant current driving module, the infrared LED emits stable infrared light, which is irradiated on the particles to generate scattered light.
  • the scattered light is received by the light receiver and generates a current signal.
  • the current signal is converted into a voltage signal through IV conversion, and then Operational amplification output.
  • the photoreceiver is a phototransistor, which can have higher photoelectric conversion efficiency and cooperate with the detection system, so that the infrared LED works at a lower power, thereby achieving low power consumption of the entire module, and finally making the present
  • the particle sensor of the invention has an operating current of less than 1 mA.
  • the surface of the detecting head of the light receiver is a material capable of filtering visible light, which can effectively filter out interference of visible light and further enhance the accuracy of the sensor reading.
  • the surface of the dark room is covered with a shielding shell, and the circuit comprises a filter capacitor.
  • the filter capacitor and the shielding shell can fully filter external interference, ensure the authenticity of the signal, and improve the signal to noise ratio.
  • the bottom surface of the darkroom has a straight mouth
  • the circuit is fixed in the installation space formed by the straight mouth of the bottom surface of the darkroom
  • the circuit board is fixed on the bottom surface of the darkroom by a potting process, so that the circuit can be permanently fixed on the bottom surface of the darkroom.
  • the space formed by the mouth, and the entire particle sensor will not have the bare board, enhance the physical properties of the sensor such as acid and alkali corrosion resistance, shock resistance, electrical insulation, etc., and also increase the overall aesthetic effect of the particle sensor.
  • FIG 1 and 2 are schematic views of the overall structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit of the present invention.
  • a high-precision miniaturized particle sensor comprises: a darkroom 1, a converging lens 2, a collecting lens 3, an infrared LED 4, a light receiver 5, an aperture 6, and a circuit.
  • the particulate sensor has a vent 7 on at least one side for ambient air to enter the darkroom 1 for measurement.
  • the concentrating lens 2, the collecting lens 3, the infrared LED 4, and the light receiver 5 are all installed in the darkroom 1.
  • the converging lens 2, the aperture 6, and the infrared LED 4 constitute a transmitting system, and the aperture 6 is located at the converging lens 2 and the infrared LED 4. In this way, the large-angle outgoing light of the infrared LED 4 can be filtered out, so that the small-angle outgoing light passes normally.
  • the collecting lens 3, the diaphragm 6, and the light receiver 5 constitute a detecting system, and the diaphragm 6 is located between the collecting lens 3 and the light receiver 5, so that the stray background light can be filtered out, and the signal light generated by the scattering can pass normally.
  • the center of the diaphragm 6 surrounds a space forming a cone, which makes the above filtering effect best.
  • the transmitting system and the detecting system are respectively disposed on both sides of the vent hole 7.
  • Both the condenser lens 2 and the collecting lens 3 adopt short-focus, small-diameter lenses, so that the main physical structure of the dark room 1 and the aperture 6 can be greatly reduced, thereby achieving miniaturization of the entire system.
  • the darkroom 1 uses a material that absorbs light, which will help eliminate the interference of stray light and ensure the accuracy of the sensor readings.
  • the circuit comprises a constant current driving module, an I-V conversion, an operational amplifier and a connector.
  • the infrared LED 4 emits stable infrared light under the control of the constant current driving module, and illuminates the particles to generate scattered light, and the scattered light is received by the light receiver 5 The current signal is received and generated, and the current signal is converted into a voltage signal by I-V conversion, and then amplified by an operation.
  • the photoreceiver 5 selects a phototransistor, has a high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and cooperates with the detection system, so that the infrared LED 4 operates at a lower power, thereby achieving low power consumption of the entire module, and finally making the present
  • the particle sensor of the invention has an operating current of less than 1 mA.
  • the surface of the darkroom 1 is covered with a shielding shell.
  • the circuit includes a filter capacitor.
  • the filter capacitor and the shielding shell can fully filter out external interference, ensure the authenticity of the signal, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
  • the bottom of the darkroom 1 has a straight mouth 8 , and the circuit is fixed in the installation space formed by the straight mouth 8 of the darkroom, and the circuit board 9 is fixed on the bottom surface of the darkroom by a potting process, so that the circuit can be permanently fixed to the bottom of the darkroom 8 In the space formed, and the entire sensor will not be exposed by the circuit board 9, which enhances the physical properties of the sensor such as acid and alkali corrosion resistance, shock resistance, electrical insulation, etc., and also increases the overall aesthetic effect of the sensor.
  • the surface of the probe of the light receiver 5 is a material capable of filtering out visible light, which can effectively filter out the interference of visible light and further enhance the accuracy of the sensor reading.
  • the invention utilizes the principle of optical detection, and the infrared LED 4 of the transmitting system emits infrared light, which is filtered by the aperture 6 in the emission system and focused by the converging lens 2, and the infrared light mainly concentrates on the ambient air at the vent hole 7 and is exposed to the environment.
  • the scattering of particles in the air, the convergence of the scattered light by the collecting lens 3, the filtering of the stray light by the pupil 6 , the scattered light reaches the detecting head of the light receiver 5, and is converted into a weak electrical signal; the electrical signal passes through the subsequent circuit
  • the amplification and filtering process obtains a voltage signal related to the particulate matter in the ambient air.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

一种高精度的微型化颗粒物传感器由暗室（1）、汇聚透镜（2）、收集透镜（3）、红外LED（4）、光接收器（5）、光阑（6）、电路组成。该微型化颗粒物传感器可以高精度地检测空气中颗粒物的浓度，相比于以往的传感器，具有精度高、成本低、体积小、功耗低、稳定可靠、耐酸碱腐蚀、防静电、方便使用的特点，可广泛应用于各种环境的颗粒物监测。

Description

一种高精度的微型化颗粒物传感器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种高精度的微型化颗粒物传感器。
背景技术
大气颗粒物主要来自于人为排放，包括三大化石燃料、生物质等燃烧以及道路和建筑扬尘、工业粉尘等直接排放的颗粒物，也包括一次排放的气态污染物转化而成的二次颗粒物。大气颗粒物能够较长时间悬浮于空气中，易携带有毒、有害物质，且输送距离远，而人体的生理结构决定了其过滤和阻挡大气颗粒物的效果有限，因此大气颗粒物对人体健康的影响很大。
伴随着近些年来我国经济的高速发展，人们对周围的生活环境质量尤其是空气质量越来越关注，这促进了空气质量在线监测技术的快速发展。光散射法是最为常用的一种空气质量在线监测方法，利用光散射原理发明的颗粒物传感器市面上屡见不鲜，然而市面上的这种传感器存在以下缺点：1、光学器件发出的光线经过传感器测量室内壁面的多次反射形成杂散光，杂散光和被颗粒物散射的光线一起进入光接收器，导致信噪比过低，读数漂移大，测量结果产生很大偏差；2、系统设计不合理，发光器件在较大电流下工作，导致功耗偏大；3、所采用的透镜焦距长、口径大，造成整体传感器尺寸偏大；4、传感器电路板裸露在外面，容易发生受潮、被腐蚀、老化等问题，造成传感器寿命偏短，性能不稳定；5、传感器所采用的探测头对可见光有响应，所以容易受到外界光线的干扰，造成传感器读数不准确。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的缺陷，本发明提供一种高精度的微型化颗粒物传感器。
本发明解决上述技术缺陷所采用的技术方案如下所述：一种高精度的微型化颗粒物传感器由暗室、汇聚透镜、收集透镜、红外LED、光接收器、光阑、电路组成，所述的颗粒物传感器至少有一面有一个通气孔，供环境空气进入暗室测量。
所述的汇聚透镜、收集透镜、红外LED、光接收器均安装在暗室内，汇聚透镜、光阑、红外LED组成发射系统，光阑位于汇聚透镜和红外LED之间，这样可以滤除红外LED的大角度出射光，而使得小角度出射光正常通过。
所述的收集透镜、光阑、光接收器组成检测系统，光阑位于收集透镜和光接收器之间，这样可以滤除杂散背景光，而散射产生的信号光能够正常通过。
更加优选地，所述的光阑中心围绕形成一个锥形的空间，这样可使得上述滤除效果最好。
发射系统和检测系统分别设于通气孔两侧。
所述的汇聚透镜、收集透镜均采用短焦距、小口径的透镜，以实现整个系统的微型化。
所述的暗室采用吸光性强的材料，这将有利于消除杂散光的干扰，保证传感器读数的准确性。
所述的电路包括恒流驱动模块、I-V转换、运算放大器以及连接器。红外LED在恒流驱动模块的控制下，发出稳定的红外光线，照射在颗粒物上产生散射光，散射光被光接收器接受并产生电流信号，该电流信号经过I-V转换变成电压信号，再经过运算放大输出。
更加优选地，所述的光接收器为光电三极管，这样可以有更高的光电转化效率，并配合检测系统，使得红外LED工作在较低功率，从而实现整个模块的低功耗，最终使得本发明的颗粒物传感器工作电流降到1mA以内。
更加优选地，所述的光接收器的探测头表面为能滤除可见光的材料，这样可以有效滤除可见光的干扰，进一步增强传感器读数的准确性。
所述的暗室表面包裹着一层屏蔽壳，所述的电路包括滤波电容，所述的滤波电容和屏蔽壳可充分滤除外部干扰，保证信号的真实性，提高信噪比。
所述的暗室底面有一直口，所述的电路固定在暗室底面直口形成的安装空间内，并通过灌封工艺将电路板固定在暗室底面上，这样可以将电路永久地固定在暗室底面直口形成的空间内，而且整个颗粒物传感器不会有电路板裸露，增强传感器耐酸碱腐蚀、防震抗压、电绝缘等物理性能，也增加了颗粒物传感器的整体美观效果。
借由以上技术方案，本发明的优点在于：
1、准确度高、精度高，可以有效检测环境空气中的颗粒物含量；
2、体积小，方便安装和使用；
3、低功耗，工作电流可从目前市面上颗粒物传感器通常的20mA降至1mA以内，可用于微型电池供电的便携产品；
4、产品外观无裸露电路，整体效果较为美观；
5、防潮抗震抗压、耐酸碱腐蚀、绝缘性好；
6、对可见光不敏感，不易受自然光影响，抗干扰能力强。
附图说明
图1、2为本发明的整体结构示意图。
图3为本发明的电路示意图。
主要部件标号说明：
1            暗室                   2            汇聚透镜
3            收集透镜               4            红外LED
5            光接收器               6            光阑
7            通气孔                 8            直口
9            电路板
具体实施方式
为令本发明的发明目的、技术手段及技术效果有更完整及清楚的揭露，以下将详细说明，并请一并参阅附图及部件标号。
一种高精度的微型化颗粒物传感器，包括：暗室1、汇聚透镜2、收集透镜3、红外LED4、光接收器5、光阑6、电路。颗粒物传感器至少有一面有一个通气孔7，供环境空气进入暗室1测量。
汇聚透镜2、收集透镜3、红外LED 4、光接收器5均安装在暗室1内，汇聚透镜2、光阑6、红外LED 4组成发射系统，光阑6位于汇聚透镜2和红外LED 4之间，这样可以滤除红外LED 4的大角度出射光，而使得小角度出射光正常通过。收集透镜3、光阑6、光接收器5组成检测系统，光阑6位于收集透镜3和光接收器5之间，这样可以滤除杂散背景光，而散射产生的信号光能够正常通过。
更加优选地，光阑6中心围绕形成一个锥形的空间，这样可使得上述滤除效果最好。
发射系统和检测系统分别设于通气孔7两侧。
汇聚透镜2、收集透镜3均采用短焦距、小口径的透镜，这样与之相匹配的主要物理结构暗室1、光阑6可大大减小，从而实现整个系统的微型化。
暗室1采用吸光性强的材料，这将有利于消除杂散光的干扰，保证传感器读数的准确性。
电路包括恒流驱动模块、I-V转换、运算放大器以及连接器，红外LED 4在恒流驱动模块的控制下，发出稳定的红外光线，照射在颗粒物上产生散射光，散射光被光接收器5 接受并产生电流信号，该电流信号经过I-V转换变成电压信号，再经过运算放大输出。
更加优选地，所述的光接收器5选用光电三极管，有很高的光电转化效率，并配合检测系统，使得红外LED 4工作在较低功率，从而实现整个模块的低功耗，最终使得本发明的颗粒物传感器工作电流降到1mA以内。
暗室1表面包裹一层屏蔽壳，电路包含滤波电容，滤波电容和屏蔽壳可充分滤除外部干扰，保证信号的真实性，提高信噪比。
暗室1底面有一直口8，电路固定在暗室底面直口8形成的安装空间内，并通过灌封工艺将电路板9固定在暗室底面上，这样可以将电路永久地固定在暗室底面直口8形成的空间内，而且整个传感器不会有电路板9裸露，增强了传感器耐酸碱腐蚀、防震抗压、电绝缘等物理性能，同时也增加了传感器的整体美观效果。
光接收器5的探测头表面为能滤除可见光的材料，这样可以有效滤除可见光的干扰，进一步增强传感器读数的准确性。
本发明利用光学检测原理，发射系统的红外LED 4发出红外光，经过发射系统中光阑6的过滤、汇聚透镜2的聚焦，红外光线主要集中照射到通气孔7处的环境空气，并受到环境空气中颗粒物的散射，经过收集透镜3对散射光的汇聚、光阑6对杂散光的过滤，散射光到达光接收器5的探测头上，并转化为微弱电信号；该电信号经过后续电路的放大、滤波处理，得到与环境空气中颗粒物相关的电压信号。
以上所举仅为本发明示意性的部分实施例，并非用以限制本发明的范围，任何本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明的构思和原则的前提下所作出的等同变化与修改，均应包括在本专利保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种高精度的微型化颗粒物传感器，其特征在于，包括：暗室、汇聚透镜、收集透镜、红外LED、光接收器、光阑、电路，所述的颗粒物传感器至少有一面存在一个通气孔，所述的汇聚透镜、收集透镜、红外LED、光接收器均安装在暗室内，汇聚透镜、光阑、红外LED组成发射系统，收集透镜、光阑、光接收器组成检测系统，发射系统、检测系统分别设于通气孔两侧。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种高精度的微型化颗粒物传感器，其特征在于，所述的发射系统的光阑位于汇聚透镜和红外LED之间，滤除红外LED的大角度出射光，而小角度出射光正常通过，所述的检测系统的光阑位于收集透镜和光接收器之间，滤除杂散背景光，而散射产生的信号光正常通过。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种高精度的微型化颗粒物传感器，其特征在于，所述的汇聚透镜、收集透镜均采用短焦距、小口径的透镜，以实现整个系统的微型化。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种高精度的微型化颗粒物传感器，其特征在于，所述的暗室采用吸光性强的材料。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种高精度的微型化颗粒物传感器，其特征在于，所述的电路包括恒流驱动模块、I-V转换、运算放大器以及连接器，红外LED在恒流驱动模块的控制下，发出稳定的红外光线，照射在颗粒物上产生散射光，散射光被光接收器接受并产生电流信号，该电流信号经过I-V转换变成电压信号，再经过运算放大输出。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种高精度的微型化颗粒物传感器，其特征在于，所述的暗室表面包裹着一层屏蔽壳，所述的电路包括滤波电容，所述的滤波电容和屏蔽壳可充分滤除外部干扰，保证信号真实性，提高信噪比。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种高精度的微型化颗粒物传感器，其特征在于，所述的暗室底面有一直口，所述的电路固定在暗室底面直口形成的安装空间内，并通过灌封工艺将电路板固定在暗室底面上。
  8. 如权利要求1或2所述的一种高精度的微型化颗粒物传感器，其特征在于，所述的光阑中心围绕形成一个锥形的空间。
  9. 如权利要求1或2所述的一种高精度的微型化颗粒物传感器，其特征在于，所述的光接收器为光电探测器，更加优选地是光电三极管，且探测头表面为能滤除可见光的材料。
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CN111795921A (zh) * 2020-07-14 2020-10-20 南京理工大学 粒子计数器传感器光束匀化和锐化的照明系统
CN113533150A (zh) * 2021-06-30 2021-10-22 安荣信科技(南京)有限公司 一种颗粒物测量装置
CN114002115A (zh) * 2021-10-20 2022-02-01 江苏愈厚环保科技有限公司 一种自加热再生型激光散射法颗粒物传感器
CN114689476A (zh) * 2020-12-30 2022-07-01 江苏春帆生物科技有限公司 一种新型岩盐气溶胶浓度传感器
CN114813647A (zh) * 2022-05-12 2022-07-29 广东迈能欣科技有限公司 一种气溶胶传感器检测系统及检测装置
CN115574878A (zh) * 2022-10-20 2023-01-06 中国农业大学 颗粒化肥流量传感器、排肥检测方法及变量施肥系统
CN117664816A (zh) * 2024-02-02 2024-03-08 深圳市美思先端电子有限公司 一种外光路颗粒物传感器及颗粒物检测方法

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CN113533150A (zh) * 2021-06-30 2021-10-22 安荣信科技(南京)有限公司 一种颗粒物测量装置
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CN114002115B (zh) * 2021-10-20 2022-06-14 江苏愈厚环保科技有限公司 一种自加热再生型激光散射法颗粒物传感器
CN114002115A (zh) * 2021-10-20 2022-02-01 江苏愈厚环保科技有限公司 一种自加热再生型激光散射法颗粒物传感器
CN114813647A (zh) * 2022-05-12 2022-07-29 广东迈能欣科技有限公司 一种气溶胶传感器检测系统及检测装置
CN115574878A (zh) * 2022-10-20 2023-01-06 中国农业大学 颗粒化肥流量传感器、排肥检测方法及变量施肥系统
CN117664816A (zh) * 2024-02-02 2024-03-08 深圳市美思先端电子有限公司 一种外光路颗粒物传感器及颗粒物检测方法

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