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WO2016195067A1 - Appareil de test de la vision - Google Patents

Appareil de test de la vision Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016195067A1
WO2016195067A1 PCT/JP2016/066565 JP2016066565W WO2016195067A1 WO 2016195067 A1 WO2016195067 A1 WO 2016195067A1 JP 2016066565 W JP2016066565 W JP 2016066565W WO 2016195067 A1 WO2016195067 A1 WO 2016195067A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
subject
display
fixation target
visual inspection
lens
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2016/066565
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
井上　智
健三 山中
伸司 木村
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Crewt Medical Systems Inc
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Crewt Medical Systems Inc
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Filing date
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Publication of WO2016195067A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016195067A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
    • A61B3/024—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for determining the visual field, e.g. perimeter types

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a visual inspection apparatus used for visual inspection.
  • One of the eye tests is the “visual test” that tests the visual function of the eye.
  • a typical visual inspection is a “field inspection”.
  • the visual field inspection is performed for diagnosis of visual field constriction, visual field defect, etc. caused by glaucoma or retinal detachment, for example, and various inspection apparatuses have been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 1).
  • the eye to be examined Generally, visual inspection equipment inspects one eye at a time. For this reason, when one eye is opened for examination, the other eye is often shielded. However, it has been found that if only the eye that is actually inspecting (hereinafter also referred to as “the eye to be examined”) is opened, there are other problems such as fatigue due to shielding and dark adaptation.
  • This visual inspection apparatus includes a display optical system and a display element having independent left and right configurations corresponding to the left eye and right eye of a subject.
  • a fixation target is displayed on each of the left-eye display element and the right-eye display element, and a visual inspection can be performed by fixing (fixing) the fixation target to the subject with binocular vision. It has become.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a visual inspection apparatus that facilitates fusion of a visual target.
  • the first aspect of the present invention is: A display optical system and display elements that are provided independently on the left and right sides of the left and right eyes of the subject undergoing a visual examination are provided, and a fixation target is displayed on each of the display elements that are provided independently on the left and right sides.
  • a possible visual inspection device When the distance between the pupils of the subject is PD, the presentation distance of the fixation target to the subject is L, and the convergence angle obtained by the inter-pupil distance PD and the presentation distance L is ⁇ 1, the convergence A visual inspection apparatus comprising: a display control unit that controls to display the fixation target on each of the display elements based on a second convergence angle ⁇ 2 that is larger than the angle ⁇ 1.
  • the second aspect of the present invention is: The convergence angle ⁇ 1 is obtained by the following equation (1).
  • ⁇ 1 2 ⁇ tan ⁇ 1 ⁇ PD ⁇ (2 ⁇ L) ⁇ (1)
  • Said 2nd convergence angle (beta) 2 is set on the conditions of less than 20 degrees. It is a visual inspection apparatus as described in the said 1st or 2nd aspect characterized by the above-mentioned.
  • ⁇ 2 2 ⁇ tan ⁇ 1 (40 ⁇ L) (2)
  • the sixth aspect of the present invention is: The visual inspection apparatus according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein the fixation target has a viewing angle of 3 ° or less.
  • the seventh aspect of the present invention is An apparatus main body mounted on the head of the subject; The visual inspection apparatus according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the display optical system and the display element are provided in the apparatus main body.
  • a fixation target when presented to a subject using a display optical system and a display element provided independently on the left and right, and the fixation target is fixed in a binocular open state, It becomes easier to fuse the mark.
  • FIG. (1) explaining the relationship between the position of a fixation target and a convergence angle.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram (part 2) for explaining the relationship between the position of the fixation target and the convergence angle.
  • the display state of the fixation target on the display element is shown.
  • (A) shows the display state based on the convergence angle ⁇ 1
  • (B) shows the display state based on the convergence angle ⁇ 2.
  • (the 1) which shows the other structural example of a display optical system.
  • the schematic (the 2) which shows the other structural example of a display optical system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of a visual inspection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the illustrated visual inspection apparatus 1 is a head-mounted visual inspection apparatus that is used by being mounted on the head 3 of a subject 2.
  • the visual inspection device 1 generally includes a device main body 5 and a mounting tool 6 mechanically connected to the device main body 5.
  • the apparatus body 5 includes a housing 7 having a space inside.
  • the internal space of the housing 7 is divided into left and right. This is because the visual inspection is performed separately for the left eye 8L and the right eye 8R of the subject 2.
  • the subject 2 sees the target through the pupil 9L of the left eye 8L
  • the right eye 8R is the eye to be examined
  • the subject 2 sees the target through the pupil 9R of the right eye 8R.
  • “Target” described here is displayed (presented) to give a stimulus by light to the eyeball of the subject when examining the subject's vision.
  • the size, shape, etc. of the visual target There are no particular restrictions on the size, shape, etc. of the visual target. For example, in the case of glaucoma examination, the point of light is displayed as a target with a predetermined size, and the position of the point of light is changed to examine the presence or absence of the missing visual field and the location of the defect (specific) can do.
  • the apparatus main body 5 includes a display optical system 11 and a display element 12.
  • the display optical system 11 and the display element 12 are provided independently on the left and right sides so that visual inspection can be performed with both eyes open, regardless of whether the left or right eye is to be examined. That is, in one space of the housing 7, a display optical system 11L and a display element 12L are provided corresponding to the subject's right eye 8R, and in the other internal space of the housing 7, the subject's right eye 8R is provided.
  • a display optical system 11R and a display element 12R are provided corresponding to the right eye 8R.
  • the display optical system 11L and the display element 12L are provided mainly for visual inspection of the left eye 8L of the subject 2.
  • the display optical system 11R and the display element 12R are provided mainly for visual inspection of the right eye 8R of the subject 2.
  • the distance between the optical axes of the left and right display optical systems 11L and 11R can be adjusted according to the distance between the pupils of the subject 2 by an adjustment mechanism (not shown).
  • the mounting tool 6 is for mounting the apparatus main body 5 on the head 3 of the subject 2.
  • the wearing tool 6 includes a belt 13 that is stretched in a U-shape from both sides of the subject 2 to the back of the head, and a belt 14 that is stretched over the top of the subject 2. Then, in a state where the length of the belt 14 is adjusted appropriately, the belt 13 is pulled and tightened from the back of the head, whereby the apparatus main body 5 can be firmly fixed and mounted on the head 3 of the subject 2. ing.
  • the distance between the optical axes of the display optical systems 11L and 11R described above is the distance between the pupils when the apparatus main body 5 is fixed to the head 3 of the subject 2 by the wearing tool 6 and the subject 2 faces the front. Adjust according to the distance.
  • the symbols L and R are omitted, and the eyeball 8 and the pupil 9 are collectively referred to.
  • the display optical systems 11L and 11R and the display elements 12L and 12R are described without distinction for the left eye and the right eye, the reference optical systems 11 and 11 are omitted by omitting the symbols L and R, respectively.
  • the display element 12 Collectively referred to as the display element 12.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view including the configuration of the optical system of the visual inspection apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the visual inspection apparatus 1 includes an observation optical system 15 for observing the eyeball 8 of the subject and the test optical system 15 in addition to the display optical system 11 and the display element 12 described above.
  • An imaging device 16 that images the eyeball 8 of the person, an infrared light source 17 that irradiates infrared rays to the eyeball 8 of the subject, a control unit 30 that controls the entire visual inspection apparatus 1, a response switch 31, It has.
  • the observation optical system 15, the imaging element 16, and the infrared light source 17 are separately provided for the left eye and the right eye of the subject.
  • One control unit 30 and one switch 31 are provided for each visual inspection device 1.
  • the display element 12, the switch 31, and the imaging element 16 are electrically connected to the control unit 30 as indicated by reference signs A, B, and C in the drawing.
  • the display optical system 11 is provided on the optical axis 18 between the eyeball position where the eyeball 8 of the subject is placed and the display surface 12 a of the display element 12.
  • the display optical system 11 has a configuration in which a first lens 19, a mirror 20, and a second lens group 21 are arranged in order from the eyeball position side of the subject.
  • a first lens 19, a mirror 20, and a second lens group 21 are arranged in order from the eyeball position side of the subject.
  • each component will be described.
  • the optical axis 18 from the eyeball position of the subject to the display element 12 is the optical axis 18a
  • the optical axis from the mirror 20 to the display element 12 is the optical axis. Is the optical axis 18b.
  • the first lens 19 is disposed on the optical axis 18 a from the eyeball position to the mirror 20.
  • the first lens 19 is configured using an aspherical lens (convex lens) having positive power.
  • the first lens 19 converges the light reflected by the mirror 20 and incident on the first lens 19 onto the pupil 9 of the subject, while the light divergence occurs when the subject views an object through the pupil 9 at a wide angle. It is to suppress.
  • FIG. 2 when a point of light serving as a target is displayed on the display surface 12a of the display element 12, and the subject views the target through the display optical system 11 from the eyeball position, the center of the pupil of the subject is displayed.
  • the incident angle of the chief ray incident on the first lens 19 from is represented by the symbol ⁇ .
  • the incident angle ⁇ is an angle with respect to the optical axis 18a (an angle formed between the principal ray passing through the center of the pupil and the optical axis 18a).
  • the outer diameter (diameter) and position of the first lens 19 on the optical axis 18a are set under conditions that can secure at least a viewing angle necessary for visual inspection.
  • the maximum viewing angle (maximum value of ⁇ ) of the display optical system 11 using the first lens 19 is preferably 30 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less at a half field angle (60 degrees or more at all angles). , 120 degrees or less).
  • the mirror 20 is disposed on the opposite side of the eyeball position on the optical axis 18a from the eyeball position to the mirror 20 with the first lens 19 interposed therebetween.
  • the mirror 20 is configured using a mirror having wavelength selectivity.
  • the mirror 20 is configured using a cold mirror that reflects visible light and transmits infrared rays.
  • the inclination of the reflecting surface of the mirror 20 with respect to the optical axis 18a is such that the angle ⁇ formed by the optical axis 18a and the optical axis 18b bent by the mirror 20 is preferably 90 degrees or less, more preferably 80 degrees or less, and still more preferably. It is set to be in the range of “40 degrees ⁇ ⁇ 70 degrees”.
  • the display element 12 and the second lens group 21 are too close to the head of the subject, and they may interfere with the head.
  • ⁇ > 40 ° it is possible to avoid the display element 12 and the second lens group 21 from interfering with the head.
  • ⁇ ⁇ 90 ° the visual inspection device 1 is likely to slip off the head when the subject tilts the head forward.
  • ⁇ ⁇ 90 ° the visual inspection device 1 is less likely to slip off the head when the subject tilts the head forward.
  • the second lens group 21 is disposed on the optical axis 18b from the mirror 20 to the display element 12.
  • the second lens group 21 is configured by using three lenses 21a, 21b, and 21c.
  • the three lenses 21a, 21b, and 21c are sequentially arranged from the mirror 20 side toward the display element 12 side. That is, the lens 21a is disposed at a position closest to the mirror 20 on the optical axis 18b, and the lens 21c is disposed at a position closest to the display element 12 on the optical axis 18b.
  • a lens 21b is disposed between the two lenses 21a and 21c.
  • the lens 21b is arranged near the lens 21c in a state of being separated from the lens 21a.
  • the lens 21a is configured using an aspherical lens (convex lens) having positive power.
  • the lens 21b is configured by using an aspheric lens (concave lens) having negative power, and the lens 21c is configured by using an aspheric lens (convex meniscus lens) having positive power.
  • the outer diameter (diameter) of the lens 21a is larger than the outer diameters of the other lenses 21b and 21c, and the outer diameters of the lenses 21b and 21c are substantially equal to each other.
  • the first lens 19 is made of a material (glass, plastic, etc.) that satisfies the relational expression “45 ⁇ v1 ⁇ 80”.
  • the Abbe numbers of the lenses 21a and 21c having positive power among the lenses 21a to 21c constituting the second lens group 21 are both v2, each of the lenses 21a and 21c is “45 ⁇ v2 ⁇ 80”. It is comprised with the material which satisfy
  • the Abbe number of the lens 21b having negative power is v3
  • the lens 21b is made of a material that satisfies the relational expression “15 ⁇ v3 ⁇ 30”.
  • the focal length of the first lens 19 is f1
  • the focal length of the second lens group 21 is f2
  • the focal length f1 of the first lens 19 is the sum (a + b) of the optical distance a from the first lens 19 to the mirror 20 and the optical distance b from the mirror 20 to the second lens group 21 (lens 21a). ) And shorter than that.
  • the display element 12 is disposed on the optical axis 18b from the mirror 20 to the display element 12 so as to face the lens 21c of the second lens group 21.
  • the display element 12 is configured using, for example, a flat display element such as a liquid crystal display element having a backlight.
  • the display surface 12a of the display element 12 has a configuration in which a large number of pixels are arranged in a matrix. When an image (including a target) is actually displayed on the display surface 12a, display (on) and non-display (off) of the image can be controlled in units of pixels.
  • the display surface 12a of the display element 12 preferably has a display size with a diagonal length of 1.5 inches or less, more preferably a display size with a diagonal length of 1 inch or less.
  • the optical axis 18b is aligned at the center.
  • the subject 2 moves the first lens 19, the mirror 20, and the second lens from the eyeball position.
  • the target is viewed through the group 21.
  • the outer diameter of the first lens 19 closest to the eyeball position is increased, visual inspection can be performed in a wider range.
  • the outer diameter of the first lens 19 is increased, the principal ray passing through the lens end is largely inclined with respect to the optical axis 18 (18a). Therefore, when the power of the first lens 19 is low, the chief ray passing through the lens end is diverged.
  • the principal ray passing through the lens end of the first lens 19 is largely refracted. And stored in the reflection surface of the mirror 20.
  • the high-power first lens 19 is used in this way, the main light beam is condensed and focused in the middle of the optical path from the first lens 19 to the second lens group 21.
  • the second lens group 21 is disposed on the optical axis 18b in order to condense (image) the principal ray bundle focused in the middle of the optical path on the display surface 12a of the display element 12 again. Yes.
  • the second lens group 21 is composed of three lenses 21a, 21b, and 21c.
  • the observation optical system 15 is for observing, for example, the anterior eye part including the pupil 9, the iris, the sclera, or the fundus oculi including the retina 10 by using the eyeball 8 of the subject as an observation object. .
  • the observation optical system 15 is provided on the optical axis 18 from the eyeball position of the subject to the image sensor 16.
  • the observation optical system 15 has a configuration in which a first lens 19, a mirror 20, and a third lens 22 are arranged in order from the eyeball position side of the subject.
  • the first lens 19 and the mirror 20 are common (shared) with the display optical system 11 described above, including the optical axis 18a. If the optical axis from the mirror 20 to the image sensor 16 is the optical axis 18c, the optical axis 18c is substantially parallel to the optical axis 18a described above.
  • the third lens 22 is disposed on the optical axis 18 c from the mirror 20 to the image sensor 16.
  • the third lens 22 is configured using an aspherical lens (convex lens) having positive power.
  • the third lens 22 transmits light that enters the first lens 19 from the eyeball 8 and passes through the mirror 20 to the imaging surface 16 a of the imaging device 16. The image is formed.
  • the image pickup device 16 picks up an eyeball (anterior eye portion, fundus oculi portion, etc.) 8 to be examined.
  • the imaging device 16 is configured using a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) imaging device having sensitivity to infrared rays, a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) imaging device, or the like.
  • the image pickup surface 16a of the image pickup device 16 is arranged in a direction facing the eyeball 8 on the optical axis 18c, and the optical axis 18c is aligned with the center of the image pickup surface 16a.
  • the infrared light source 17 irradiates infrared rays toward the eyeball position of the subject.
  • the infrared light source 17 is configured using a pair of infrared light emitting diodes 17a and 17b.
  • the pair of infrared light emitting diodes 17a and 17b are arranged in an obliquely upward and obliquely downward direction with respect to the eyeball position of the subject so as not to disturb the visual field of the subject.
  • One infrared light-emitting diode 17a irradiates the subject's eyeball 8 with infrared rays obliquely from above, and the other infrared light-emitting diode 17b irradiates the subject's eyeball 8 with infrared rays obliquely from below. It is configured to do.
  • the eyeball 8 is irradiated via the first lens 19, the mirror 20, and the third lens 22 while irradiating the eyeball 8 of the subject with infrared rays from the infrared light source 17.
  • the image is picked up by the image pickup device 16.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram including the configuration of the control system of the visual inspection apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the control unit 30 implements various functions (means) for visual inspection.
  • the control unit 30 has, for example, a housing structure smaller than the apparatus main body 5 and is mounted on the back head side of the wearing tool 6. Thereby, the weight balance before and behind the apparatus main body 5 and the control part 30 can be maintained.
  • the control unit 30 is configured by a computer including a combination of CPU (Central Processing Unit), RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), HDD (Hard Disk Drive), various interfaces, and the like. And the control part 30 is comprised so that various functions may be implement
  • the predetermined program for realizing each function is used by being installed in a computer, but may be provided by being stored in a computer-readable storage medium prior to the installation, or the computer It may be provided through a communication line connected to.
  • the control unit 30 includes a miosis detection unit 41, a sensitivity map creation unit 42, and a display control unit 43 as an example of a function (means) realized by executing the program.
  • the control unit 30 includes a memory 44 as an information storage unit.
  • the miosis detector 41 has a function of detecting the miosis phenomenon of the eye to be examined.
  • the miosis phenomenon is a phenomenon in which the pupil of the eyeball of the subject shrinks, and occurs when light enters the pupil of the subject wearing the apparatus body 5.
  • the miosis detector 41 reduces the pupil 9 when the brightness of the visual target displayed on the display element 12 exceeds a predetermined brightness (luminance) based on the image of the pupil 9 acquired by the imaging device 16. Detect pupils.
  • the sensitivity map creation unit 42 is a function for creating a sensitivity map in visual inspection.
  • the sensitivity map creation unit 42 is configured to display the brightness of the target displayed on the display element 12 when the subject presses the switch 31 in response to the target light (see FIG. (Luminance) is mapped as the sensitivity of the retina 10.
  • the sensitivity map creation unit 42 determines the brightness of the visual target displayed on the display element 12 when the miosis pupil detection unit 41 detects the miosis of the pupil 9. Map as sensitivity.
  • the display control unit 43 has a function of controlling an image displayed on the display element 12.
  • the image displayed on the display element 12 includes at least an inspection image for visual inspection.
  • the inspection image is an image displayed (presented) to the subject during the visual field inspection, and includes, for example, an image including a fixation target or a visual target in the visual field inspection.
  • the memory 44 is used to store various types of information including information necessary for visual inspection.
  • the sensitivity map creation unit 42 sequentially stores the inspection results obtained from the start to the end of the visual inspection in the memory 44, and uses the inspection results stored in the memory 44 after the end of the visual inspection. To create a sensitivity map.
  • a terminal 45 is connected to the control unit 30 so as to be communicable by wire or wirelessly.
  • the terminal 45 is used by an examiner such as an ophthalmologist who performs a visual inspection to perform various settings, adjustments, operations, instructions, and the like necessary for the visual inspection when using the visual inspection apparatus 1.
  • the terminal 45 is configured using, for example, a personal computer with a monitor.
  • the switch 31 is operated by a subject who undergoes visual inspection.
  • the switch 31 is operated by a subject for response mainly in visual inspection.
  • the switch 31 is preferably a manual switch that the subject holds and operates with a hand, and more preferably, a push type switch that the subject presses with a finger (for example, thumb or index finger) of the hand. Should be used.
  • the switch 31 is switched from the off state to the on state, and an on signal is output from the switch 31. This ON signal is taken into the control unit 30.
  • dynamic quantitative visual field inspection Goldman visual field inspection
  • static quantitative visual field inspection fundus visual field inspection
  • microperimetry fundus visual field inspection
  • EEG electroretinography
  • Static quantitative visual field inspection is performed as follows. First, a fixation target is presented at the center of the visual field, and the fixation target is fixed to the subject. Next, with the subject fixation on the fixation target, the visual target is presented at one point in the field of view and the brightness is gradually increased. Then, when the target has a certain brightness, the target can be seen from the subject. Therefore, the value corresponding to the brightness when the subject can see the target is set as the retina sensitivity at the point where the target is presented at that time. Then, the same measurement is performed for each point in the field of view, thereby quantitatively examining the difference in retinal sensitivity in the field of view and creating a map.
  • Such static quantitative visual field inspection includes a subjective visual field inspection and an objective visual field inspection. If the visual inspection apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is used, any type of inspection can be performed. This will be described below.
  • the subjective visual field inspection is performed as follows. First, the head-mounted visual inspection device 1 (device main body 5) is mounted on the subject's head and the switch 31 is held in the subject's hand. Next, based on a command from the control unit 30, a fixation target is displayed on the display surface 12a of the display element 12 to cause the subject to fixate, and in that state, a visual field inspection target is applied to one point on the display surface 12a. indicate. At this time, the brightness of the target is initially darkened, and then the brightness of the target is gradually increased. Then, even if it is dark at first and the target is not visible to the subject, when the target reaches a certain brightness, the subject's retina responds to the light stimulus so that the subject can see the target. become.
  • the sensitivity map creation unit 42 sets the value corresponding to the brightness of the target point at that time as the sensitivity of the retina at that point. Thereafter, by performing the same measurement for each point in the visual field, the sensitivity map creation unit 42 quantitatively examines the difference in retinal sensitivity in the visual field and creates a sensitivity map of the retina.
  • the objective visual field inspection is performed as follows. First, the head-mounted visual inspection apparatus 1 is mounted on the subject's head, and the subject is made to fixate the fixation target as described above. Next, based on a command from the control unit 30, a visual field inspection target is displayed at one point on the display surface 12 a of the display element 12. At this time, the brightness of the target is initially darkened, and then the brightness of the target is gradually increased. Then, even if it is dark at first and the target is not visible to the subject, when the target reaches a certain brightness, the subject's retina responds to the light stimulus so that the subject can see the target. become.
  • the size of the pupil 9 (pupil diameter) of the subject changes according to the brightness of the target. Specifically, the diameter of the pupil 9 of the subject is reduced.
  • the state change of the eyeball 8 at this time is imaged.
  • the imaging of the eyeball 8 is performed by irradiating infrared rays from the infrared light source 17 toward the eyeball 8, and the image light of the eyeball 8 obtained thereby is transmitted to the imaging element 16 via the observation optical system 15 (19, 20, 22). This is performed by forming an image on the imaging surface 16a.
  • the timing for starting imaging of the eyeball 8 may be set, for example, before the display of the visual target on the display surface 12a or simultaneously with the display of the visual target. Incidentally, since the human retina has no sensitivity to infrared rays, it does not affect the state change of the eyeball 8.
  • the image data of the eyeball 8 imaged using the image sensor 16 is taken into the control unit 30.
  • the miosis detector 41 determines whether or not the pupil diameter of the subject has changed (reduced) in response to the brightness of the target in the process of gradually increasing the brightness of the target. Judgment is made based on image data sent from.
  • the sensitivity map creation unit 42 sets the value corresponding to the brightness of the target point at that time to the sensitivity on the retina at that point. And Thereafter, the sensitivity map creation unit 42 quantitatively examines the difference in sensitivity on the retina in the field of view by automatically performing the same measurement for each point in the field of view automatically. Create it automatically.
  • the objective visual field test uses a single upper threshold stimulation method in which a bright target is displayed on one point of the display surface 12a of the display element 12 and a sensitivity map is created by observing the degree of reduction of the pupil diameter. May be.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the position of the fixation target and the convergence angle.
  • the fixation target M is indicated by a cross-shaped figure
  • the distance between the pupils of the subject is indicated by PD
  • the presentation distance of the fixation target is indicated by L.
  • the inter-pupil distance PD is a center-to-center distance between the pupil 9L of the left eye 8L and the pupil 9R of the right eye 8R.
  • the inter-pupil distance PD for adults is typically 52 mm or greater and 76 mm or less, and is approximately 60 mm on average.
  • the fixation target presentation distance L is a visual distance when the subject views the fixation target displayed on the display surface 12 a of the display element 12 through the display optical system 11.
  • the fixation target presentation distance L is the arrangement and characteristics of the lenses constituting the display optical system 11 even if the physical (mechanical) distance from the eyeball position of the subject to the display element 12 is constant. Etc., it becomes longer or shorter accordingly. That is, the fixation target presentation distance L is uniquely determined by the arrangement and characteristics of the lenses constituting the display optical system 11. For this reason, in this embodiment, the arrangement and characteristics of the lenses constituting the display optical system 11 are set so that the fixation target presentation distance L is a predetermined distance suitable for visual inspection. For example, the fixation target presentation distance L is set to 1 m (1000 mm).
  • the fixation target M is displayed at the P1 position facing the subject, and when the subject fixes the fixation target M simultaneously with both eyes 8L and 8R, the left eye 8L and the right eye 8R are respectively Move to face inward.
  • a vergence movement Such a movement of the eyeball is called a vergence movement, and the greater the degree of the vergence movement, the stronger the tendency of the vergence.
  • the convergence angle ⁇ 1 is defined by an angle formed by a line segment connecting the fixation target M and the center of the pupil 9L of the left eye 8L and a line segment connecting the fixation target M and the center of the pupil 9R of the right eye 8R.
  • the convergence angle ⁇ 1 is obtained by the above equation (1), and the fixation target is located at a position specified by the convergence angle ⁇ 1.
  • the display position of M should be set.
  • the convergence angle is minimum (almost zero) when viewing an object at infinity, and takes a larger value (positive value) as the object approaches the subject.
  • the display position of the fixation target M is, for example, a position on the display surface 12a through which the subject's line of sight passes when viewing an object at infinity (hereinafter referred to as “line-of-sight passage position at infinity”).
  • the display position of the fixation target M is set at a position deviated by a predetermined amount from the line-of-sight passage position at infinity in consideration of the inclination of the line of sight when viewing the object at the convergence angle ⁇ 1 ( ⁇ 1 / 2). Is done. Therefore, assuming that the line-of-sight passage position at infinity exists in the center of the display surface 12a, the left and right display elements 12L and 12R when the display position of the fixation target M is set based on the convergence angle ⁇ 1.
  • the display state is as shown in FIG.
  • the inventors have actually made a binocular open type visual inspection device and set the display position of the fixation target M on the display surface 12a of the left and right display elements 12 based on the convergence angle ⁇ 1.
  • Fusion refers to the function of recognizing the image of the object viewed with the left eye and the image of the object viewed with the right eye as one image in the brain when the same object is viewed with both eyes.
  • the fixation target is presented with both eyes open, if the fusion is not performed well in the subject's brain, the fixation target will appear to be blurred from the subject. Difficult to do. As a result, even in the same subject, the test results tend to vary.
  • the inventors shift the display position of the fixation target M on the display element 12L and the display position of the fixation target M on the display element 12R by a predetermined amount in the horizontal direction (left-right direction) of the display surface 12a, respectively. I examined whether there was a difference in the ease of fusion. As a result, it has been found that when the fixation target M is displayed on the display surfaces 12a of the left and right display elements 12L and 12R so as to satisfy a certain condition, it is easy to perform fusion. Based on this knowledge, in the present embodiment, when the display control unit 43 displays the fixation target M on the left and right display elements 12L and 12R, the display position of the fixation target M is set under the following conditions. The structure to be adopted is adopted.
  • the display control unit 43 is specified by a second convergence angle ⁇ 2 that is larger than the convergence angle ⁇ 1 obtained by the subject's interpupillary distance PD and the fixation target presentation distance L.
  • the display position of the fixation target M is set at the position. Specifically, the display position of the fixation target M with respect to the left eye 8L is set to the P2 position shifted to the right from the P1 position when viewed from the subject, and the display position of the fixation target M with respect to the right eye 8R. Is configured to be set at the P3 position shifted to the left from the P1 position when viewed from the subject.
  • the fixation state is set based on the second convergence angle ⁇ 2 if the display state is as shown in FIG.
  • the display state is as shown in FIG. Specifically, the fixation target M is displayed on the left display element 12L as viewed from the subject at a position shifted to the right by a predetermined amount S from the convergence angle ⁇ 1. Further, the fixation target M is displayed on the display element 12R on the right side as viewed from the subject at a position shifted to the left side by a predetermined amount S from the convergence angle ⁇ 1.
  • the left eye 8L is compared with the case where the fixation target M is displayed at the position specified by the convergence angle ⁇ 1.
  • Each of the right eyes 8R is directed more inward. For this reason, the degree of the vergence movement in the fixation state increases.
  • the second convergence angle ⁇ 2 is 20 ° or more, the fixation target M visually exists at a short distance of about 20 cm, so that the subject makes the left and right eyeballs more converging. There is a need. For this reason, we are anxious about the physical burden of the subject for maintaining a fixation state becoming large. Therefore, the second convergence angle ⁇ 2 is preferably set under a condition of less than 20 °, more preferably less than 15 °, and even more preferably less than 10 °.
  • the display control unit 43 determines the second convergence angle ⁇ 2 that is the basis thereof, for example, by the following method. That is, when the distance between the pupils PD of the subject is measured when the apparatus main body 5 is mounted on the subject's head, the distance between the pupils PD obtained by the measurement and the configuration of the display optical system 11 are determined.
  • the convergence angle ⁇ 1 is determined from the target presentation distance L, and the second convergence angle ⁇ 2 is determined by multiplying the convergence angle ⁇ 1 by a predetermined coefficient (a value greater than 1.0).
  • the predetermined coefficient may be set to 1.3, for example.
  • the distance between the optical axes of the left and right display optical systems 11L and 11R is adjusted in accordance with the distance between pupils PD of the subject, the distance between the optical axes after adjustment is used instead of the distance between pupils PD. May be.
  • the second convergence angle ⁇ 2 is calculated.
  • the second convergence angle ⁇ 2 may be determined according to the calculation result, and when the numerical value of the interpupillary distance PD of the subject is manipulated, the interpupillary distance PD obtained by actual measurement is calculated.
  • the convergence angle may be calculated by applying a longer distance (for example, a distance corresponding to “PD ⁇ 1.2”), and the second convergence angle ⁇ 2 may be determined according to the calculation result.
  • the fixation target M can be displayed at a position where the tendency of congestion is strengthened. This is the same when the second convergence angle ⁇ 2 is determined under the condition of the following expression (3). 2 ⁇ tan ⁇ 1 (40 ⁇ L) ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 20 ° (3)
  • the left and right display elements 12L and 12R are based on the second convergence angle ⁇ 2 larger than the convergence angle ⁇ 1 obtained by the subject's interpupillary distance PD and the fixation target presentation distance L.
  • Each of the fixation targets M is displayed on the screen. Thereby, the fixation target M can be fixed in a state where both eyes of the subject are more greatly converged than when the display position of the fixation target M is set based on the convergence angle ⁇ 1.
  • the fixation target M composed of a single figure on each of the left and right independent display elements 12L and 12R, or when displaying the fixation target M having a viewing angle within 3 °
  • the display position is determined based on the convergence angle ⁇ 1
  • the size of the fixation target M is within a viewing angle of 3 °, or both
  • the display position of the fixation target M is By determining based on the convergence angle ⁇ 2 of 2, a more remarkable effect can be expected.
  • the fixation state can be easily maintained without imposing an excessive physical burden on the subject. .
  • the mounting tool 6 of the visual inspection device 1 is configured using the belts 13 and 14, but as long as the device main body 5 can be mounted on the head 3 of the subject 2, whichever You may employ
  • a structure of the mounting tool 6 it is preferable that it is a structure which can fix the apparatus main body 5 to the head 3 of the subject 2 properly.
  • the head-mounted visual inspection apparatus 1 that is used with the apparatus main body 5 attached to the head 3 of the subject 2 has been described as an example.
  • the present invention is not limited to this. Any device may be used as long as it includes a display optical system and display elements having independent structures on the left and right sides, and can perform visual inspection with both eyes open.
  • the display element 12 was comprised using the liquid crystal display element, this invention is not limited to this,
  • the display element 12 is comprised using an organic EL (Electro * Luminescence) display element etc. May be.
  • the display optical system 11 is configured with a total of four lenses
  • the observation optical system 15 is configured with a total of two lenses (one of which is shared with the display optical system 11).
  • the number and shape of lenses constituting the optical system, the lens interval in the optical axis direction, and the like can be changed as necessary.
  • the second lens group 21 is preferably composed of a plurality of lenses in order to correct chromatic aberration and image magnification by combining a lens having a positive power and a lens having a negative power.
  • the mirror 20 may be constituted by a dichroic mirror.
  • FIGS. 7 other configuration examples of the display optical system are shown in FIGS. 7 is different from the above embodiment in that the lens 21c belonging to the second lens group 21 of the display optical system 11 can be moved in the optical axis direction by a lens moving mechanism (not shown).
  • a lens moving mechanism not shown.
  • the second lens group 21 of the display optical system 11 is configured by using a total of four lenses 21a to 21d by adding a lens (convex lens) 21d, and the display surface 12a of the flat display element 12.
  • size of is different from the said embodiment.
  • the visual target can be displayed more clearly to the subject.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de test de la vision qui présente une cible de fixation à un sujet à l'aide d'éléments d'affichage et de systèmes d'affichage optique prévus de manière indépendante sur la gauche et la droite, facilitant ainsi la fusion d'image de la cible de fixation lors de l'exécution de la fixation visuelle de la cible de fixation avec les deux yeux ouverts. L'appareil de test de la vision est pourvu d'éléments d'affichage et de systèmes d'affichage optique prévus de manière indépendante sur la gauche et la droite, correspondant à l'œil gauche et à l'œil droit d'un sujet subissant un test de vision et est capable d'afficher une cible de fixation sur les éléments d'affichage prévus de manière indépendante sur la gauche et la droite, une unité de commande étant prévue, ladite unité de commande assurant une commande de telle manière que, si la distance pupillaire du sujet est désignée par PD, la distance de présentation de la cible de fixation par rapport au sujet est désignée par L et l'angle de convergence déterminé en fonction de la distance pupillaire (PD) et de la distance de présentation (L) est désigné par β1, la cible de fixation est affichée sur chacun des éléments d'affichage sur la base d'un second angle de convergence (β2) qui est plus grand que l'angle de convergence (β1).
PCT/JP2016/066565 2015-06-05 2016-06-03 Appareil de test de la vision Ceased WO2016195067A1 (fr)

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JP2022025237A (ja) * 2020-07-29 2022-02-10 株式会社クリュートメディカルシステムズ 視覚検査装置、視覚検査システム及び視覚検査プログラム
JP7756591B2 (ja) * 2022-03-31 2025-10-20 株式会社トプコン 眼科装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070200927A1 (en) * 2006-02-27 2007-08-30 Krenik William R Vision Measurement and Training System and Method of Operation Thereof
JP2010099335A (ja) * 2008-10-24 2010-05-06 National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology 立体視機能検査方法
JP2014100254A (ja) * 2012-11-19 2014-06-05 Crewt Medical Systems Inc 視覚検査装置及び視覚検査プログラム

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070200927A1 (en) * 2006-02-27 2007-08-30 Krenik William R Vision Measurement and Training System and Method of Operation Thereof
JP2010099335A (ja) * 2008-10-24 2010-05-06 National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology 立体視機能検査方法
JP2014100254A (ja) * 2012-11-19 2014-06-05 Crewt Medical Systems Inc 視覚検査装置及び視覚検査プログラム

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