WO2016194468A1 - 粘弾性計算システムおよび粘弾性測定方法 - Google Patents
粘弾性計算システムおよび粘弾性測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016194468A1 WO2016194468A1 PCT/JP2016/061232 JP2016061232W WO2016194468A1 WO 2016194468 A1 WO2016194468 A1 WO 2016194468A1 JP 2016061232 W JP2016061232 W JP 2016061232W WO 2016194468 A1 WO2016194468 A1 WO 2016194468A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/44—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the integumentary system, e.g. skin, hair or nails
- A61B5/441—Skin evaluation, e.g. for skin disorder diagnosis
- A61B5/442—Evaluating skin mechanical properties, e.g. elasticity, hardness, texture, wrinkle assessment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/44—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the integumentary system, e.g. skin, hair or nails
- A61B5/441—Skin evaluation, e.g. for skin disorder diagnosis
- A61B5/445—Evaluating skin irritation or skin trauma, e.g. rash, eczema, wound, bed sore
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/74—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient; User input means
- A61B5/742—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient; User input means using visual displays
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/0219—Inertial sensors, e.g. accelerometers, gyroscopes, tilt switches
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Measuring devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/107—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof
- A61B5/1075—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof for measuring dimensions by non-invasive methods, e.g. for determining thickness of tissue layer
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
- A61B5/7239—Details of waveform analysis using differentiation including higher order derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
- A61B5/7246—Details of waveform analysis using correlation, e.g. template matching or determination of similarity
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
- A61B5/7253—Details of waveform analysis characterised by using transforms
- A61B5/7257—Details of waveform analysis characterised by using transforms using Fourier transforms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a viscoelasticity calculation system and a viscoelasticity measurement method.
- the measurement of viscoelasticity is useful in the medical field, or in the fields of skin shaping and cosmetics.
- the medical field by measuring viscoelasticity at a predetermined location, it is possible to determine ulcers on the support surface skin caused by bedriddenness in the same posture over a long period of time, skin edema or scleroderma caused by organ changes, and the like.
- the fields of skin shaping and cosmetics by measuring viscoelasticity at a predetermined location, it is possible to determine the degree of disease progression, the effect of drug treatment, and the like.
- a device including an acceleration sensor and a pressure sensor is pressed against an object such as a human body, and the hardness (elastic coefficient) of the object is determined by using the second-order differential of pressure information and acceleration information.
- the hardness elastic coefficient
- the measurement is performed at a position determined at the time of measurement, and an absolute rest of the measurement object is necessary. Furthermore, the technique of Patent Document 2 measures the displacement of the skin surface by a single gas injection, and cannot perform dynamic viscoelasticity measurement.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a technique for quantitatively measuring physical properties of both viscosity and elasticity.
- the present application includes a plurality of means for solving the above-described problems.
- the viscoelasticity measurement system includes a measurement device, a processor, and a display device.
- the measurement apparatus includes a movable part that is continuously pressed against a measurement object, and a first sensor that outputs acceleration information corresponding to an acceleration of movement in a pressing direction of a contact portion of the measurement object with the movable part; And a second sensor that outputs reaction force information corresponding to a reaction force at a contact portion of the measurement object with the movable part.
- the processor calculates first information related to an elastic component of the measurement object and second information related to a viscosity component of the measurement object based on the acceleration information and the reaction force information.
- the display device displays the first information and the second information.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a viscoelasticity calculation system according to an embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the principle of operation of a measuring apparatus. It is a schematic diagram of the structural example of a measuring apparatus. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the output voltage by the side of a receiving coil, and the pressure by compression.
- A is a figure which shows the output by an acceleration sensor
- (b) is a figure which shows the output by a magnetic sensor
- (c) is a figure which shows the output by a pressure sensor, when a target object is made into a spring.
- D is a figure which shows the output by a displacement sensor.
- FIG. 1 is a figure which shows a magnetic sensor voltage
- (b1) is a figure which shows a 2nd-order differential waveform
- (b2) is a figure which shows the acceleration waveform based on the output of an acceleration sensor
- (c) is a target object
- FIG. It is an example of the flowchart which shows the flow of the whole process by a viscoelasticity calculation system (1st Example). It is a flowchart which shows the flow of a process of step S2 (calculation of a complex elastic modulus) of FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of a process of step S3 (calculation of a phase difference) of FIG.
- A is a figure which shows an acceleration waveform
- (b) is a figure which shows a voltage waveform
- (c) is the 1st differential waveform of a voltage waveform, the average value of a 1st differential waveform, and 1 from an average value. It is a figure which shows the position of +/- 0.3 times the width
- (d) is a figure which shows a 2nd-order differential waveform.
- the following examples relate to a technique for calculating the viscoelasticity of a measurement object.
- a human body is demonstrated as an example as a measuring object, it is not limited to this.
- the object to be measured may be other objects such as food.
- viscoelasticity is a concept including viscosity and elasticity.
- Elasticity represents the property that an object deformed by applying a force tries to return to its original shape when the force is removed.
- Viscosity represents a characteristic that is difficult to return to its original shape when an object is deformed by applying force.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a viscoelasticity calculation system.
- the viscoelasticity calculation system 1000 includes a measuring device 1 and a viscoelasticity calculation device 2.
- the illustration of a part of structure is abbreviate
- the measuring apparatus 1 includes a main body portion 14 having a receiving coil 11 (magnetic field detecting means), a movable portion 15 having a transmitting coil 12 (magnetic field generating means) and an acceleration sensor 13, and a spring 16 (elastic body).
- the receiving coil 11 and the transmitting coil 12 are collectively referred to as a magnetic sensor 19.
- the magnetic sensor 19 outputs reaction force information corresponding to the reaction force at the contact portion of the object with the movable portion 15.
- the acceleration sensor 13 outputs acceleration information corresponding to the acceleration of the movement in the pressing direction of the contact portion with the movable part 15 in the object.
- the contact portion 20 is a portion that is pressed against the body B so that the human body B, which is the object, is recessed by the operator of the measuring device 1 when calculating viscoelasticity.
- the main-body part 14 and the movable part 15 have rigidity.
- the acceleration sensor 13 detects information on acceleration of movement in the pressing direction.
- the body B has a spring property and a dashpot property.
- the body B has a spring 17 (a) (spring constant K) and a dashpot 17 (b) (dashpot constant G).
- the spring constant K corresponds to the elastic component of the body B
- the dashpot constant G corresponds to the viscous component of the body B.
- the magnetic sensor 19 outputs voltage information corresponding to the magnitude of the reaction force of the body B corresponding to the pressure applied to the body B by the measuring device 1. Therefore, the receiving coil 11 and the transmitting coil 12 are disposed so as to face each other. And between the main-body part 14 and the movable part 15, the spring 16 whose spring constant is K '(known) is arrange
- the spring 16 may be replaced with a spring having the same shape and a large wire diameter. Further, the free length of the spring 16 may be made longer.
- the compression force F for the spring 16 to have the same contraction amount increases, and as a result, the force from the main body portion 14 to the object also increases. Thereby, the viscoelasticity of the deep layer position of a target object can be measured.
- the AC oscillation source 31 generates an AC voltage having a specific frequency (for example, 20 kHz).
- the alternating voltage is converted into an alternating current having a specific frequency by the amplifier 32, and the converted alternating current flows through the transmission coil 12.
- the magnetic field generated by the alternating current flowing through the transmission coil 12 causes the reception coil 11 to generate an induced electromotive force.
- the alternating current generated in the receiving coil 11 by the induced electromotive force (the frequency is the same as the frequency of the alternating voltage generated by the alternating current oscillation source 31) is amplified by the preamplifier 33, and the amplified signal is input to the detection circuit 34. .
- the detection circuit 34 detects the amplified signal based on a specific frequency or a double frequency generated by the AC oscillation source 31. Therefore, the output of the AC oscillation source 31 is introduced as a reference signal 35 to the reference signal input terminal of the detection circuit 34. Note that an operation method using a full-wave rectifier circuit without using the detector circuit 34 may be adopted.
- the voltage information (output signal) from the detection circuit 34 (or rectifier circuit) passes through the low-pass filter 36 and is then introduced into the drive circuit 21 (see FIG. 1) of the viscoelasticity calculation device 2.
- the relationship between the pressure (force F) applied to the main body 14 and the magnitude of the voltage represented by the output signal introduced from the low pass filter 36 to the drive circuit 21 is shown by a line 4a (broken line) in FIG. Street.
- the reason why the line 4a is linear is that the spring constant K ′ of the spring 16 is large and the amount of contraction of the spring 16 with respect to the pressure applied to the main body 14 is small.
- the line 4b solid line
- This correction can be performed, for example, by the microprocessor 23 described later.
- the conversion coefficient indicating the ratio of the pressure applied to the body B to the voltage information output from the magnetic sensor 19 is hereinafter referred to as a voltage / pressure conversion coefficient (Cmp [N / mV]), and this value is It is assumed that it has been calculated in advance by experiments.
- the viscoelasticity calculation device 2 is a computer device.
- the viscoelasticity calculation device 2 includes drive circuits 21 and 22, a microprocessor 23, a storage unit 24, a sound generation unit 25, a display unit 26, a power supply unit 27, and an input unit 28.
- the drive circuit 21 transmits the voltage information received from the receiving coil 11 of the measuring apparatus 1 via the low-pass filter 36 (see FIG. 2) and the like to the microprocessor 23.
- the drive circuit 22 transmits the acceleration information received from the acceleration sensor 13 of the measuring apparatus 1 to the microprocessor 23.
- the microprocessor 23 is realized by a CPU (Central Processing Unit), for example.
- the microprocessor 23 includes a differential waveform creation unit 231, a waveform comparison unit 232, a conversion coefficient calculation unit 233, a waveform feature calculation unit 234, a calculation unit 235, and a determination unit 236.
- the processing unit of the microprocessor 23 can be realized by various programs. For example, various programs stored in the storage unit 24 are expanded in a memory (not shown) of the viscoelasticity calculation device 2.
- the microprocessor 23 executes a program loaded in the memory.
- FIGS the processing contents of each processing unit of the microprocessor 23 will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the output from the acceleration sensor 13 is as shown in (a), and the output from the magnetic sensor 19 is as shown in (b).
- the output when a pressure sensor (not shown) is used instead of the magnetic sensor 19 is as shown in (c), and the output (displacement true) by a displacement sensor (not shown) such as a laser sensor as a reference is shown.
- the value (correct value) is as shown in (d).
- the purpose of this embodiment is to calculate the viscoelastic modulus (viscous component and elastic component) of the object, that is, the spring constant K and the dashpot constant G in FIG.
- the viscoelastic modulus (viscous component and elastic component) of the object that is, the spring constant K and the dashpot constant G in FIG.
- information from the acceleration sensor 13 and the magnetic sensor 19 is used to calculate the viscoelastic characteristics of the object without using a displacement sensor such as a laser sensor.
- Reasons for not using the displacement sensor include, for example, that it is difficult to use due to the surface condition of the object, whether it can be fixed to the object, and that it is expensive.
- the voltage / displacement conversion coefficient C md is a numerical value indicating the ratio of the magnitude of the acceleration waveform to the second-order differential waveform (described later in detail). The same applies to the waveform of the output from the pressure sensor shown in (c) and the waveform of the output from the displacement sensor shown in (d).
- Expression (1) is an expression representing Hooke's law.
- Expression (2) is an expression representing that the displacement amount X can be obtained by multiplying the output voltage V m from the magnetic sensor 19 by the voltage / displacement conversion coefficient C md .
- Expression (3) is an expression representing that the pressure F can be obtained by multiplying the output voltage V m by the magnetic sensor 19 by the voltage / pressure conversion coefficient C mp .
- Equation (2) Equation (2)
- Equation (3) Equation (3)
- the complex elastic modulus of the object can be calculated by dividing the voltage / pressure conversion coefficient Cmp by the voltage / displacement conversion coefficient Cmd .
- the storage unit 24 is a means for storing various information, and is realized by, for example, a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), an HDD (Hard Disk Drive), or the like.
- the storage unit 24 stores in advance a voltage / pressure conversion coefficient Cmp calculated by experiment.
- the sound generator 25 is a means for generating sound, and is realized by a speaker, for example.
- the sound generation unit 25 generates a beep sound at the start and end of measurement by the measurement apparatus 1.
- the display unit 26 is a means for performing various displays, and is realized by, for example, LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) or CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Display.
- the display unit 26 displays various waveforms, the viscosity of the object, the elasticity of the object, an indicator that visualizes the viscoelasticity of the object, and the like.
- the power supply unit 27 is a power supply means in the viscoelasticity calculation device 2.
- the input unit 28 is a means operated by the user for inputting various information, and is realized by, for example, a keyboard or a mouse.
- the entire measuring apparatus 1a (1) is a pencil type.
- the measuring device 1 a (1) includes a main body portion 14 and a movable portion 15.
- the main body 14 includes the receiving coil 11, the coil substrate 120 on which the receiving coil 11 is mounted, the operation circuit substrate 130 connected to the receiving coil 11 and the transmitting coil 12, the battery 18, and the start of hardness calculation.
- An operation button 190 to be operated and a display unit 26 are provided.
- the movable portion 15 includes a transmission coil 12, an acceleration sensor 13, and a coil substrate 110 on which the transmission coil 12 and the acceleration sensor 13 are mounted.
- one to four springs 16a (16) are arranged between the coil substrate 110 and the coil substrate 120.
- a single spring 16a (16) can be used, and the spring 16a (16) having a diameter equal to or larger than the coil diameter of the coil substrate 110 and the transmitting coil 12 can be used. If the spring 16a (16) has a single configuration, the coil substrate 110 and the coil of the transmitting coil 12 can be arranged inside the spring 16a (16), and the size can be reduced.
- the measuring device 1a (1) when the movable part 15 is pressed against the object so that the object is recessed, the spring 16a (16) is contracted, and the transmission coil 12 and the reception coil 11 approach each other.
- produced in the contact part 20 is output from the receiving coil 11 because the magnitude
- the whole measuring apparatus 1a (1) is a pencil type, it is compact and easy to use.
- the operation button 190 of the measuring apparatus 1 is operated by the operator.
- the movable portion 15 of the measuring apparatus 1 is continuously pressed against the object at a frequency of fHz several times by the operator (step S1).
- the movable part 15 of the measuring apparatus 1 is manually pressed against the contact portion of the object and then released. This pressing and releasing operation is repeatedly performed.
- the whole measuring apparatus 1 may be attached to a motor (not shown). In the case of this configuration, by driving the motor, the movable portion 15 can be continuously pressed against the object at the frequency fHz.
- the frequency f may be set to about several Hz to several tens Hz. Note that the frequency f may be appropriately changed depending on the measurement object.
- the frequency f is preferably set to about 2 to 10 Hz.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the relationship between frequency and elasticity and viscosity. As shown in FIG. 17, when the frequency f is increased, the elastic component information is not changed. On the other hand, the information on dynamic viscosity characteristics may be significantly reduced when the frequency f increases. Even if the measurement object has a low viscosity (that is, an object that immediately returns to the original shape), if the frequency f is increased, the measurement device 1 is pressed before returning to the original shape. It becomes difficult to obtain information on the displacement between when the device 1 is pressed and when it is released. As described above, when the frequency f is increased, it may be difficult to obtain information on the viscosity characteristics. Therefore, the frequency f is preferably set in a certain range according to the measurement object.
- the viscoelastic characteristics may not be remarkably lost when the measurement time becomes longer or the number of times of measurement increases. Therefore, it is preferable that the measurement time and the number of measurements are set in a certain range according to the measurement object.
- the microprocessor 23 of the viscoelasticity calculation device 2 acquires information from the measurement device 1 each time the movable part 15 of the measurement device 1 is pressed against the object.
- the microprocessor 23 calculates the complex elastic modulus based on the information (reaction force information and acceleration information) acquired from the measuring device 1 (step S2). Further, the microprocessor 23 calculates a phase difference based on information (reaction force information and acceleration information) acquired from the measuring device 1 (step S3).
- steps S2 and S3 are executed in parallel, but the method is not limited to this. Steps S2 and S3 may be performed sequentially. Details of steps S2 and S3 will be described later with reference to FIGS.
- the microprocessor 23 calculates an elastic component and a viscous component based on the calculated complex elastic modulus and phase difference (step S4). Next, the microprocessor 23 calculates an average value and a variance for the elastic component data and the viscous component data calculated in step S4 (step S5).
- Step S6 the microprocessor 23 determines whether or not those values are abnormal values based on the average value and the variance calculated in Step S5 (Step S6). This process is executed by the determination unit 236 of the microprocessor 23. In the case of Yes, it progresses to step S7, and in No, it progresses to step S8.
- the determination of whether or not the value is an abnormal value can be realized, for example, by comparing the average value and the variance with a preset threshold value.
- Step S6 in the case of an abnormal value
- the case of Yes in Step S6 may be a case where the acceleration detection accuracy of the acceleration sensor 13 is lowered due to, for example, a hand tremor with the measuring device 1.
- the microprocessor 23 displays a message for restarting the measurement on the display unit 26, and returns to step S1.
- the microprocessor 23 causes the display unit 26 to display information related to the viscous component and information related to the elastic component, and ends the process.
- the display unit 26 may display an average value of information regarding the viscous component and an average value of information regarding the elastic component.
- steps S2 and S3 will be described with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS. Although it has been described in FIG. 7 that information on a plurality of elastic components and a plurality of viscous components can be acquired, the flowcharts of FIGS. 8 and 9 describe one calculation of the viscous component and the elastic component. .
- the microprocessor 23 acquires a voltage waveform based on the voltage information acquired from the magnetic sensor 19 via the drive circuit 21 and an acceleration waveform based on the acceleration information acquired from the acceleration sensor 13 via the drive circuit 22 ( Step S21).
- the voltage waveform is input to the differential waveform creation unit 231.
- the acceleration waveform is input to the waveform comparison unit 232.
- FIG. 6A shows a voltage waveform.
- (b2) of FIG. 6 shows an acceleration waveform.
- the differential waveform creation unit 231 creates a second-order differential waveform by performing second-order differentiation on the voltage waveform (step S22).
- (B1) in FIG. 6 shows a second-order differential waveform calculated from the voltage waveform.
- the waveform comparison unit 232 compares the second-order differential waveform ((b1) in FIG. 6) calculated by the differential waveform creation unit 231 with the acceleration waveform ((b2) in FIG. 6), and converts the comparison result. It outputs to the coefficient calculation part 233.
- the conversion coefficient calculation unit 233 calculates a voltage / displacement conversion coefficient C md based on the comparison result (step S23).
- the voltage / displacement conversion coefficient C md can be calculated using the following equation (5) (see FIG. 6B).
- Am and Aa correspond to the values shown in (b1) and (b2) of FIG. 6, respectively.
- the conversion coefficient calculation unit 233 divides the voltage / pressure conversion coefficient C mp stored in advance in the storage unit 24 by the voltage / displacement conversion coefficient C md (see Expression (4)), thereby The absolute value K of the complex elastic modulus is calculated (step S24).
- the complex elastic modulus is a dynamic physical property value of a material taking into account the energy lost as heat when the viscoelastic body is deformed and recovered.
- the real part of the complex elastic modulus is equal to the storage elastic modulus, and the imaginary part is equal to the loss elastic modulus.
- the microprocessor 23 acquires a voltage waveform based on the voltage information acquired from the magnetic sensor 19 via the drive circuit 21, and an acceleration waveform based on the acceleration information acquired from the acceleration sensor 13 via the drive circuit 22 (step). S31).
- the voltage waveform is input to the differential waveform creation unit 231.
- the acceleration waveform is input to the waveform feature calculation unit 234.
- (A) of FIG. 12 shows an acceleration waveform.
- FIG. 12B shows a voltage waveform.
- the differential waveform creation unit 231 performs second order differentiation on the voltage waveform to create a second order differential waveform (step S32).
- the differential waveform creation unit 231 outputs the second-order differential waveform to the waveform feature calculation unit 234.
- (D) of FIG. 12 shows the second-order differential waveform calculated from the voltage waveform.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 calculates the delay time difference T between the second-order differential waveform and the acceleration waveform (step S33). Below, the example of a calculation process of step S33 is demonstrated.
- step S33 An example of step S33 will be described.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 flips one of the second-order differential waveform data array and the acceleration waveform data array (in reverse order) and convolves the two data arrays to obtain a cross-correlation function. Then, the waveform feature calculation unit 234 detects the maximum peak of the cross-correlation function, and estimates the time difference between the points of the maximum peak as the delay time difference T between the second-order differential waveform and the acceleration waveform. The waveform feature calculation unit 234 outputs the delay time difference T to the calculation unit 235.
- the delay time difference T is (1/4) ⁇ (1 / f) or less (that is, the phase difference is 90 degrees at the maximum). According to the first example, the delay time difference T can be obtained by a simple process.
- FIG. 10 is an example of functional blocks of the waveform feature calculation unit 234.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 includes FFT units 801 and 802, whitening units 803 and 804, a multiplication unit 805, an IFFT unit 806, and a maximum peak detection unit 807.
- FFT sections 801 and 802 respectively convert second-order differential waveform data and acceleration waveform data into frequency domain data.
- the whitening units 803 and 804 whiten (flat) the signal converted into the frequency domain with a frequency spectrum.
- the multiplication unit 805 obtains a cross spectrum by conjugating only one of the whitened signals and multiplying the two signals for each frequency component.
- the IFFT unit 806 converts the output signal (cross spectrum) of the multiplication unit 805 into the time domain, and obtains whitening cross-correlation.
- the maximum peak detection unit 807 detects the maximum peak of the cross-correlation output from the IFFT unit 806, and estimates the time difference between the maximum peaks as the delay time difference T between the second-order differential waveform and the acceleration waveform. To do.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 outputs the delay time difference T to the calculation unit 235. According to the second example, by obtaining the whitening cross-correlation, the delay time difference T can be obtained even when the second-order differential waveform and the acceleration waveform do not completely match.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart for explaining the calculation process of the delay time difference T.
- the microprocessor 23 acquires a voltage waveform based on the voltage information acquired from the magnetic sensor 19 via the drive circuit 21, and an acceleration waveform based on the acceleration information acquired from the acceleration sensor 13 via the drive circuit 22 (step). S311).
- the voltage waveform is input to the differential waveform creation unit 231.
- the acceleration waveform is input to the waveform feature calculation unit 234.
- (A) of FIG. 12 shows an acceleration waveform.
- FIG. 12B shows a voltage waveform.
- the differential waveform creation unit 231 creates a first-order differential waveform and a second-order differential waveform from the voltage waveform (step S312).
- the differential waveform creation unit 231 outputs the first-order differential waveform and the second-order differential waveform to the waveform feature calculation unit 234.
- (C) of FIG. 12 shows the first-order differential waveform of the voltage waveform
- (d) of FIG. 12 shows the second-order differential waveform of the voltage waveform.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 searches for the extreme value of the first-order differential waveform and determines the period (S313). Details of the period determination method will be described below. First, the waveform feature calculation unit 234 calculates the average value of the first-order differential waveform. Next, the waveform feature calculation unit 234 calculates the average value of the first-order differential waveform, calculates the amplitude k of the first-order differential waveform, and calculates a value that is 0.3 times the amplitude k. Here, the value to be multiplied by the amplitude k is 0.3, but is not limited to this value. If an extreme value of a first-order differential waveform as shown below can be searched, this value may be changed as appropriate.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 searches for data smaller than (average value ⁇ amplitude k ⁇ 0.3) from the first-order differential waveform, and stores the searched continuous data as one section.
- a broken line 1201 in FIG. 12C indicates a section smaller than (average value ⁇ amplitude k ⁇ 0.3).
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 obtains the minimum value of each section 1201 and stores the position of the minimum value as a period division point of the first-order differential waveform.
- a point 1202 in FIG. 12C indicates the minimum value of the section 1201.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 searches for data larger than (average value + amplitude k ⁇ 0.3) from the first-order differential waveform, and stores the searched continuous data as one section.
- a broken line 1203 in FIG. 12C indicates a section larger than (average value + amplitude k ⁇ 0.3).
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 obtains the maximum value of each section 1203 and stores the position of the maximum value as the period intermediate point of the voltage waveform. Therefore, the period of the voltage waveform can be defined by an ascending section 401 and a descending section 402 between two period dividing points (minimum value 1202).
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 cuts and stores the acceleration waveform, the voltage waveform, and the second-order differential waveform according to the period division point (step S314).
- the period from the period start point to the period intermediate point is referred to as an ascending section 401
- the period from the period intermediate point to the period end point is referred to as a descending section 402.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 calculates the maximum change point of the acceleration waveform and the maximum change point of the second-order differential waveform for each section of the cycle (S315). Since the same calculation is performed for each section, calculation of one section will be described here.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 searches for the maximum value 1301 of the acceleration waveform in the descent section 402 (from the period intermediate point to the period end point), and records the position of the maximum value 1301. Next, the waveform feature calculation unit 234 searches for the first minimum value from the position of the maximum value 1301, and records the position of the minimum value.
- the minimum value here is referred to as an acceleration maximum change point 411.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 searches for the minimum value of the second-order differential waveform in the descending section 402 (from the period intermediate point to the period end point), and records the position of the minimum value.
- the minimum value here is referred to as a second-order differential maximum change point 412.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 compares the position of the acceleration maximum change point 411 and the position of the second-order differential maximum change point 412, and determines the time difference between the positions as the delay time difference between the acceleration waveform and the second-order differential waveform of each section. Estimated as t.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 calculates the delay time difference t for each section, and estimates the average value of the delay time differences t as the delay time difference T (S316).
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 outputs the delay time difference T to the calculation unit 235.
- the delay time difference t can be calculated from the maximum acceleration change point and the second-order differential maximum change point in the same manner in the ascending section. .
- the delay time difference can be calculated even if the number of sections is small. Therefore, the number of pressings of the measuring device 1 can be reduced, and the measurement time can be shortened.
- the calculation unit 235 calculates a viscous component and an elastic component from the complex elastic modulus K output from the conversion coefficient calculation unit 233 and the delay time difference T output from the waveform feature calculation unit 234 (step S4).
- the frequency continuously pressed by the operator or the motor is fHz.
- the phase difference D is calculated from the delay time difference T using the frequency fHz (formula (6)).
- the calculating unit 235 multiplies the absolute value K of the complex elastic modulus indicating dynamic viscoelasticity by the phase difference D, and calculates the storage elastic modulus E ′ and the loss elastic modulus E ′′ (formula (7 ), Formula (8)).
- the storage elastic modulus E ′ is an elastic component
- the loss elastic modulus E ′′ is a viscous component.
- the display unit 26 may display the numerical value of the storage elastic modulus E ′ as information related to the elastic component, and may display the numerical value of the loss elastic modulus E ′′ as information related to the viscous component. As the delay time difference T increases, the viscosity component increases.
- FIG. 14A and FIG. 14B show the results of measuring elasticity and viscosity using the above-described mass, and the results of measuring elasticity and viscosity using the skin of women in their 20s and 30s.
- FIG. 14A shows the result of the delay time difference as information on elasticity and viscosity.
- FIGS. 14A and 14B are a distribution diagram showing the results of the measured elastic component and viscous component on a graph having a first axis of elastic component and a second axis of viscous component.
- this measurement experiment only symbolic data are extracted from a large number of measurement results, and only some symbolic data are shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B.
- the delay time difference of each category of age may be displayed on the display unit 26 as shown in FIG. 14A.
- the variation in the phase shift calculated for each period for one measurement is indicated by an error bar.
- the calculating unit 235 may calculate information on the elastic component and the viscous component using the calculated average value or center value of the delay time difference. Thereby, it is considered that the calculation accuracy is high even in an unstable measurement environment.
- FIG. 14B is a distribution chart of the results of the measured elastic component and viscous component.
- the upper right of the chart in FIG. 14B assumes baby skin.
- the elasticity of human skin is higher than that of gelatin. This is because in the case of human skin, muscles and bones under the skin have an effect, and the elasticity has increased due to these effects.
- information on the elastic component and the viscous component of the measurement subject may be displayed on the display unit 26 on a two-dimensional plane having these two axes.
- the storage unit 24 may store a database representing the correlation between viscosity and elasticity and the state or category of the measurement object.
- the database includes a relationship between a human age (or age category) and a numerical range representing a viscous component, and a relationship between a human age (or age category) and a numerical range representing an elastic component. May be included.
- the calculation unit 235 may display the comparison result between the measurement result and information stored in the database on the display unit 26 by referring to the database.
- FIG. 15 is a display example on the display unit 26 using a database.
- the display unit 26 displays information on the elastic component and the viscous component of the measurement subject on a two-dimensional plane having a first axis of the elastic component and a second axis of the viscous component.
- the comparison target data in the database may be displayed in a superimposed manner on the two-dimensional plane of the display unit 26.
- baby skin data, average data for women in their 30s, and average data for women in their 60s are displayed as radial distribution data with the upper right as the origin (dashed line in FIG. 15). ).
- the comparison target data may be displayed radially from a certain reference point on the two-dimensional plane.
- storage part 24 may further store the database which records the log
- the display unit 26 On the display unit 26, a growth chart of measurement results is displayed in an overlapping manner. In the example of FIG. 15, the measurement result of one month before the measurement subject and the current measurement result are displayed on a two-dimensional plane.
- the calculation unit 235 refers to the database using the information on the elastic component and the viscosity component calculated in step S4, thereby determining the age of the measurement subject's skin or the age category (20 May be output.
- the calculation unit 235 may output the skin age for each of the elastic component and the viscous component, or may output the skin age from a combination of the elastic component and the viscous component. Therefore, the age or category of the skin corresponding to the information on the elastic component and the viscous component obtained by calculation may be displayed on the display unit 26.
- the calculation unit 235 displays the radar chart of the skin feature on the display unit 26 by referring to the database using the elastic component and viscosity component information calculated in step S4. Also good.
- a radar chart is a diagram in which a plurality of items are taken on the vertical axis, and the origins of the vertical axes are combined into a single radial shape.
- the items of the radar chart may include an elastic component, a viscous component, and other items (for example, moisture content of skin).
- standard data of a certain age (or age category) may be displayed as a reference result of the database.
- the calculation unit 235 may create a chart for each classification by referring to the database using the information on the elastic component and the viscous component calculated in step S4.
- FIG. 16 is an example in which information on elastic components and viscous components is displayed for each classification.
- the maximum value in the database is set to 100%, and the minimum value is set to 0%.
- the display unit 26 displays the position of the numerical value of the person to be measured for each of elasticity and viscosity.
- the display unit 26 may display at least one of the numerical information of the elastic component and the viscous component and the chart described above.
- the second-order differential waveform created based on the voltage information acquired from the magnetic sensor 19 and the acceleration waveform based on the acceleration information acquired from the acceleration sensor 13 are obtained.
- the voltage / displacement conversion coefficient C md is calculated by comparison.
- the complex elastic modulus K of the object is calculated by dividing the previously obtained voltage / pressure conversion coefficient Cmp by the voltage / displacement conversion coefficient Cmd .
- an elastic component and a viscous component are calculated from the complex elastic modulus K and the delay time difference T.
- the viscoelasticity calculation system 1000 of the present embodiment highly accurate measurement can be performed by using the acceleration sensor 13 for dynamic measurement. Further, according to the viscoelasticity calculation system 1000 of the present embodiment, the measurement of the dynamic viscoelasticity of an object can be quantitatively calculated even for an object whose measurement device is not fixed at the time of measurement. In particular, with respect to the measurement of the human body, it is possible to perform highly accurate measurement even at a site where the initial position is difficult to maintain.
- a displacement sensor a stress sensor, an acceleration sensor, or the like may be used instead of the magnetic sensor as the voltage waveform acquisition means for measuring the reaction force information.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart for explaining processing of the viscoelasticity calculation system 1000 in the second embodiment.
- symbol is attached and description is abbreviate
- step S9 in which a viscous component can be qualitatively calculated is executed instead of step S3 in FIG.
- the complex elastic modulus calculated in step S2 is information on the elastic component
- the value calculated in step S9 is information on the viscous component.
- FIG. 20 shows a first example of the flowchart of step S9.
- the microprocessor 23 acquires a voltage waveform based on the voltage information acquired from the magnetic sensor 19 via the drive circuit 21, and an acceleration waveform based on the acceleration information acquired from the acceleration sensor 13 via the drive circuit 22 (step). S91).
- the voltage waveform is input to the differential waveform creation unit 231.
- the acceleration waveform is input to the waveform feature calculation unit 234.
- (A) of FIG. 12 shows an acceleration waveform.
- FIG. 12B shows a voltage waveform.
- the differential waveform creation unit 231 creates a first-order differential waveform from the voltage waveform (step S92).
- the differential waveform creation unit 231 outputs the first-order differential waveform to the waveform feature calculation unit 234.
- FIG. 12C shows a first-order differential waveform of the voltage waveform.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 searches for the extreme value of the first-order differential waveform and determines the period (S93). Details of the period determination method will be described below. First, the waveform feature calculation unit 234 calculates the average value of the first-order differential waveform. Next, the waveform feature calculation unit 234 calculates the average value of the first-order differential waveform, calculates the amplitude k of the first-order differential waveform, and calculates a value that is 0.3 times the amplitude k.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 searches for data smaller than (average value ⁇ amplitude k ⁇ 0.3) from the first-order differential waveform, and stores the searched continuous data as one section.
- a broken line 1201 in FIG. 12C indicates a section smaller than (average value ⁇ amplitude k ⁇ 0.3).
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 obtains the minimum value of each section 1201 and stores the position of the minimum value as a period division point of the first-order differential waveform.
- a point 1202 in FIG. 12C indicates the minimum value of a certain section 1201.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 searches for data larger than (average value + amplitude k ⁇ 0.3) from the first-order differential waveform, and stores the searched continuous data as one section.
- a broken line 1203 in FIG. 12C indicates a section larger than (average value + amplitude k ⁇ 0.3).
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 obtains the maximum value 1204 of each section 1203, and stores the position of the maximum value 1204 as the period intermediate point of the voltage waveform. Therefore, the period of the voltage waveform can be defined by an ascending section 401 and a descending section 402 between two period dividing points (minimum value 1202).
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 cuts and stores the acceleration waveform and the voltage waveform for each period according to the period division point (step S94).
- the period from the period start point to the period intermediate point is referred to as an ascending section 401
- the period from the period intermediate point to the period end point is referred to as a descending section 402.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 calculates an indentation time zone and a release time zone for each cycle (S95).
- the push-in time zone and the release time zone are obtained from continuous maximum and minimum values in the sections 401 and 402.
- the calculation in one period is demonstrated using FIG.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 searches for the minimum value of the acceleration waveform in the range of the rising section 401 and records the position of the minimum value. Next, the waveform feature calculation unit 234 searches for the first maximum value from the position of the minimum value, and records the position of the maximum value.
- the interval between the minimum value and the maximum value recorded here is referred to as an indentation time zone 421.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 searches for the maximum value of the acceleration waveform in the range of the descent section 402 and records the position of the maximum value.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 searches for the first minimum value from the position of the maximum value, and records the position of the minimum value. A portion between the maximum value and the minimum value recorded here is referred to as a release time zone 422.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 calculates the voltage waveform change amount Vp in the specified push-in time zone 421, and calculates the voltage change amount Vl in the specified release time zone 422 (S96).
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 outputs the change amounts Vp and Vl to the calculation unit 235.
- calculation part 235 calculates the viscosity characteristic G by Formula (9) (S97).
- the viscosity characteristic G will be described.
- the reaction force due to the viscosity characteristic increases as the viscosity increases.
- the greater the viscosity the smaller the reaction force due to the viscosity characteristics.
- Vp and Vl are measured values based on a comprehensive effect of the viscosity characteristic and the elastic characteristic.
- the viscosity characteristic G which is the ratio of Vp and Vl, qualitatively indicates the degree of viscosity contribution in the viscoelastic characteristics. It can be said that the larger the viscosity characteristic G, the larger the viscosity component.
- 21 shows the measurement results of the viscosity characteristic G at two locations on the face skin in the 20s and 30s. As shown in FIG. 21, the value of the viscosity characteristic G increases as the age increases. 21 also shows that the viscosity characteristic G, which is the ratio of Vp and Vl, is useful as a numerical value indicating the degree of viscosity in the viscoelastic characteristics.
- the average value or the median value of the values calculated in a plurality of sections may be used for the change amounts Vp and Vl.
- the calculation unit 235 may display the viscosity characteristic G on the display unit 26 as information on the viscosity component. Further, the calculation unit 235 may cause the display unit 26 to display information on the complex elastic modulus as information on the elastic component. Similarly to the first embodiment, various charts may be displayed on the display unit 26 using a database representing the correlation between the human age and the viscosity characteristic G.
- the second-order differential waveform created by the voltage waveform becomes complicated due to noise or the like, a delay may occur when forming the second-order differential waveform. In this case, there is a possibility that the phase difference between the second-order differential waveform and the voltage waveform cannot be extracted correctly. According to the first example, it is possible to estimate the viscosity characteristic G that is useful as a qualitative evaluation of the viscosity characteristic even when there is a lot of noise or the like.
- FIG. 23 shows a second example of the flowchart of step S9. Steps S2301 to S2304 are the same processing as steps S91 to S94 in FIG.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 calculates the amount of change in the acceleration waveform in the indentation time zone of the measuring device 1 and the amount of change in the acceleration waveform in the release time zone of the measuring device 1 (S2305).
- the push-in time zone and the release time zone are obtained from continuous maximum and minimum values in the sections 401 and 402.
- the calculation in one period is demonstrated using FIG.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 searches for the minimum value of the acceleration waveform in the range of the rising section 401 and records the position as the first minimum value. Next, the waveform feature calculation unit 234 searches for the first maximum value from the position of the first minimum value, and records the position as the first maximum value. Next, the waveform feature calculation unit 234 searches for the next minimum value from the position of the first maximum value, and records the position of the minimum value as the second minimum value. The waveform feature calculation unit 234 then changes the acceleration waveform change amount A1 between the first minimum value and the first maximum value, and the acceleration between the first maximum value and the second minimum value. A waveform change amount A2 is calculated. Further, the waveform feature calculation unit 234 outputs the total change amount A1 + A2 of the ascending section 401 to the calculation unit 235.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 searches for the maximum value of the acceleration waveform in the range of the descending section 402 and records the position as the first maximum value.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 searches for the first minimum value from the position of the first maximum value, and records the position as the first minimum value.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 searches for the next maximum value from the position of the first minimum value, and records the position of the maximum value as the second maximum position.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 calculates the acceleration change amount A3 between the first maximum value and the first minimum value, and the acceleration between the first minimum value and the second maximum value.
- a change amount A4 is calculated. Further, the waveform feature calculation unit 234 outputs the total change amount A3 + A4 of the descending section 402 to the calculation unit 235.
- calculation part 235 calculates the viscosity characteristic G by Formula (10) (S2306).
- the viscosity characteristic G will be described.
- the acceleration waveforms A1 + A2 and A3 + A4 reflect the reaction force characteristics of pushing and releasing.
- the viscosity characteristic G which is the ratio of A1 + A2 and A3 + A4 qualitatively indicates the degree of viscosity contribution in the viscoelastic characteristics. The larger G is, the larger the viscous component is.
- the calculation unit 235 may display the viscosity characteristic G on the display unit 26 as information on the viscosity component. Further, the calculation unit 235 may cause the display unit 26 to display information on the complex elastic modulus as information on the elastic component. Similarly to the first embodiment, various charts may be displayed on the display unit 26 using a database representing the correlation between the human age and the viscosity characteristic G.
- the rising section and the falling section may be distinguished by providing a switch or the like in the measuring apparatus 1.
- FIG. 25 shows a third example of the flowchart of step S9. Steps S2501 to 2503 are the same as steps S91 to S93 in FIG.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 cuts and stores the voltage waveform for each period according to the period division point (step S2504).
- the period from the period start point to the period intermediate point is referred to as an ascending section 401
- the period from the period intermediate point to the period end point is referred to as a descending section 402.
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 calculates the time T1 of the voltage waveform rising section 401 and the time T2 of the voltage waveform falling section 402 for each period (step S2505).
- the waveform feature calculation unit 234 outputs the time T1 of the rising section 401 and the time T2 of the falling section 402 to the calculation unit 235.
- FIG. 26 is a calculation example of the times T1 and T2. Here, since the same calculation is performed for each period, calculation of one period will be described.
- the calculating unit 235 calculates the viscosity characteristic G using the equation (11) (step S2506).
- the viscosity characteristic G which is the ratio of the time T1 in the rising section 401 and the time T2 in the falling section 402, qualitatively indicates the degree of viscosity contribution in the viscoelastic characteristics. As the viscosity increases, the ratio of the time T1 of the rising section 401 corresponding to the pushing time zone of the measuring apparatus 1 and the time T2 of the descending section 402 corresponding to the release time zone of the measuring apparatus 1 becomes smaller.
- the calculation unit 235 may display the viscosity characteristic G on the display unit 26 as information on the viscosity component. Further, the calculation unit 235 may cause the display unit 26 to display information on the complex elastic modulus as information on the elastic component. Similarly to the first embodiment, various charts may be displayed on the display unit 26 using a database representing the correlation between the human age and the viscosity characteristic G.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes various modifications.
- the above embodiments have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described.
- a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment.
- the structure of another Example can also be added to the structure of a certain Example.
- another configuration can be added, deleted, or replaced.
- the various processes of the microprocessor 23 described above can also be realized by software program codes that realize these functions.
- a storage medium in which the program code is recorded is provided to the system or apparatus, and a computer (or CPU or MPU) of the system or apparatus reads the program code stored in the storage medium.
- the program code itself read from the storage medium realizes the functions of the above-described embodiments, and the program code itself and the storage medium storing it constitute the present invention.
- a storage medium for supplying such program code for example, a flexible disk, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, hard disk, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, CD-R, magnetic tape, nonvolatile memory card, ROM Etc. are used.
- control lines and information lines indicate what is considered necessary for the explanation, and not all the control lines and information lines on the product are necessarily shown. All the components may be connected to each other.
- Coil substrate 130 Operation circuit board 190 ... operation button 231 ... differential waveform creation unit 232 ... waveform comparison unit 233 ... conversion coefficient calculation unit 234 ... waveform feature calculation unit 235 ... calculation unit 236. ..Determining units 801 and 802 ... FFT units 803 and 804 ... Whitening unit 805 ... Multiplication unit 806 ... IFFT unit 807 ... Maximum peak detection unit
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Abstract
Description
式(2)は、磁気センサ19による出力電圧Vmに、電圧・変位変換係数Cmdを乗算することで、変位量Xを得ることができることを表す式である。
式(3)は、磁気センサ19による出力電圧Vmに、電圧・圧力変換係数Cmpを乗算することで、圧力Fを得ることができることを表す式である。
次に、図8および図9のフローチャートを参照して、ステップS2およびS3の処理について説明する。なお、図7では、複数の弾性成分および複数の粘性成分の情報を取得することができることを説明したが、図8および図9のフローチャートでは、粘性成分および弾性成分の1回の計算について説明する。
ステップS33の一例を説明する。波形特徴算出部234は、2階微分波形のデータ配列と加速度波形のデータ配列のうち一方の順をフリップ(逆順に)し、2つのデータ配列を畳み込み、相互相関関数を求める。そして、波形特徴算出部234は、相互相関関数の最大ピークを検出し、その最大ピークの地点の時間差を2階微分波形と加速度波形との遅延時間差Tとして推定する。波形特徴算出部234は、遅延時間差Tを計算部235に出力する。なお、連続的な押し付け周波数fにより、遅延時間差Tは、(1/4)×(1/f)以下である(すなわち、位相差は最大で90度である)。当該第1の例によれば、遅延時間差Tを簡単な処理で求めることができる。
ステップS33の一例を説明する。図10は、波形特徴算出部234の機能ブロックの一例である。波形特徴算出部234は、FFT部801,802と、白色化部803,804と、乗算部805と、IFFT部806と、最大ピーク検出部807とを備える。
ステップS3の別の例を説明する。図11は、遅延時間差Tの算出処理を説明するフローチャートである。
次に、図19は、第2実施例における粘弾性計算システム1000の処理を説明するフローチャートである。なお、図7と同じステップについては、同じ符号を付して説明を省略する。
図20は、ステップS9のフローチャートの第1の例を示す。マイクロプロセッサー23は、磁気センサ19から駆動回路21を介して取得した電圧の情報に基づく電圧波形と、加速度センサ13から駆動回路22を介して取得した加速度の情報に基づく加速度波形を取得する(ステップS91)。電圧波形は、微分波形作成部231に入力される。加速度波形は、波形特徴算出部234に入力される。図12の(a)は加速度波形を示す。また、図12の(b)は電圧波形を示す。
図23は、ステップS9のフローチャートの第2の例を示す。なお、ステップS2301~2304は図20のステップS91~94と同じ処理であるため、説明を省略する。
図25は、ステップS9のフローチャートの第3の例を示す。なお、ステップS2501~2503は図20のステップS91~93と同じ処理であるため、説明を省略する。
1、1a ...測定装置
2 ...粘弾性計算装置
11 ...受信コイル
12 ...発信コイル
13 ...加速度センサ(第1のセンサ)
14 ...本体部
15 ...可動部
16、16a ...バネ
17(a) ...バネ
17(b) ...ダッシュポット
18 ...電池
19 ...磁気センサ(第2のセンサ)
20 ...接触部
21、22 ...駆動回路
23 ...マイクロプロセッサー
24 ...記憶部
25 ...音声発生部
26 ...表示部
27 ...電源部
28 ...入力部
31 ...交流発振源
32 ...アンプ
33 ...プリアンプ
34 ...検波回路
35 ...参照信号
36 ...ローパスフィルタ
110 ...コイル基板
120 ...コイル基板
130 ...動作回路基板
190 ...動作ボタン
231 ...微分波形作成部
232 ...波形比較部
233 ...変換係数算出部
234 ...波形特徴算出部
235 ...計算部
236 ...判定部
801、802 ...FFT部
803、804 ...白色化部
805 ...乗算部
806 ...IFFT部
807 ...最大ピーク検出部
Claims (16)
- 測定対象物に連続的に押し付けられる可動部と、前記測定対象物における前記可動部との接触部分の押し付け方向の動きの加速度に対応する加速度情報を出力する第1のセンサと、前記測定対象物における前記可動部との接触部分での反力に対応する反力情報を出力する第2のセンサとを備える測定装置と、
前記加速度情報および前記反力情報に基づいて、前記測定対象物の弾性成分に関する第1の情報と前記測定対象物の粘性成分に関する第2の情報を計算するプロセッサーと、
前記第1の情報および前記第2の情報を表示する表示装置と、
を備える粘弾性測定システム。 - 請求項1に記載の粘弾性測定システムにおいて、
前記プロセッサーは、
前記加速度情報として取得された加速度波形と、前記反力情報として取得された電圧波形の2階微分波形とを用いて、前記測定対象物の複素弾性率を計算し、
前記加速度波形と前記2階微分波形とを用いて、前記加速度波形と前記2階微分波形との間の位相差を計算し、
前記複素弾性率と前記位相差とを用いて前記第1の情報と前記第2の情報を計算することを特徴とする粘弾性測定システム。 - 請求項2に記載の粘弾性測定システムにおいて、
前記プロセッサーは、
前記加速度波形と前記2階微分波形の相互相関関数により、前記加速度波形と前記2階微分波形との間の遅延時間差を計算し、
前記可動部を前記測定対象物に押し付けるときの周波数を用いて、前記遅延時間差を前記位相差に変換することを特徴とする粘弾性測定システム。 - 請求項2に記載の粘弾性測定システムにおいて、
前記プロセッサーは、
前記加速度波形と前記2階微分波形の白色化相互相関関数により、前記加速度波形と前記2階微分波形との間の遅延時間差を計算し、
前記可動部を前記測定対象物に押し付けるときの周波数を用いて、前記遅延時間差を前記位相差に変換することを特徴とする粘弾性測定システム。 - 請求項2に記載の粘弾性測定システムにおいて、
前記プロセッサーは、
前記2階微分波形の最大変化点と前記加速度波形の最大変化点との間の遅延時間差を計算し、
前記可動部を前記測定対象物に押し付けるときの周波数を用いて、前記遅延時間差を前記位相差に変換することを特徴とする粘弾性測定システム。 - 請求項5に記載の粘弾性測定システムにおいて、
前記プロセッサーは、
前記電圧波形の1階微分波形を用いて、前記2階微分波形および前記加速度波形を複数の区間に分け、
前記複数の区間ごとに前記2階微分波形の前記最大変化点と前記加速度波形の前記最大変化点を計算することを特徴とする粘弾性測定システム。 - 請求項2に記載の粘弾性測定システムにおいて、
前記プロセッサーは、
前記2階微分波形に対する、前記加速度波形の大きさの比を示す電圧・変位変換係数を計算し、
予め求められている電圧・圧力変換係数を、前記電圧・変位変換係数で除算することで、前記複素弾性率を計算することを特徴とする粘弾性測定システム。 - 請求項1に記載の粘弾性測定システムにおいて、
前記プロセッサーは、
前記反力情報として取得された電圧波形の1階微分波形を用いて、前記加速度情報として取得された加速度波形を複数の区間に分け、
前記加速度波形の前記複数の区間において、前記測定装置の押し込みに対応する第1の時間帯と前記測定装置のリリースに対応する第2の時間帯とを求め、
前記第1の時間帯における前記電圧波形の変化量と、前記第2の時間帯における前記電圧波形の変化量との比から前記第2の情報を計算することを特徴とする粘弾性測定システム。 - 請求項1に記載の粘弾性測定システムにおいて、
前記プロセッサーは、
前記反力情報として取得された電圧波形の1階微分波形を用いて、前記加速度情報として取得された加速度波形を複数の区間に分け、
前記加速度波形の前記複数の区間において、前記測定装置の押し込みに対応する第1の時間帯と前記測定装置のリリースに対応する第2の時間帯とを求め、
前記第1の時間帯における前記加速度波形の変化量と、前記第2の時間帯における前記加速度波形の変化量との比から前記第2の情報を計算することを特徴とする粘弾性測定システム。 - 請求項1に記載の粘弾性測定システムにおいて、
前記プロセッサーは、
前記反力情報として取得された電圧波形の1階微分波形を用いて、前記電圧波形の上昇区間と降下区間を求め、
前記上昇区間の時間と降下区間の時間の比から前記第2の情報を計算することを特徴とする粘弾性測定システム。 - 請求項1に記載の粘弾性測定システムにおいて、
前記表示装置において、前記第1の情報および前記第2の情報が、前記弾性成分および前記粘性成分の2軸を有する2次元平面上に表示されることを特徴とする粘弾性測定システム。 - 請求項1に記載の粘弾性測定システムにおいて、
前記第1の情報および前記第2の情報と、前記測定対象物の状態またはカテゴリとを関連付けた第1のデータベースを含む記憶部を備え、
前記プロセッサーは、前記第1のデータベースを用いて、前記第1の情報および前記第2の情報に対応する前記測定対象物の状態またはカテゴリを前記表示装置に表示させることを特徴とする粘弾性測定システム。 - 請求項1に記載の粘弾性測定システムにおいて、
前記第1の情報および前記第2の情報と、前記測定対象物の状態またはカテゴリとを関連付けた第1のデータベースを含む記憶部を備え、
前記プロセッサーは、前記表示装置において、前記第1の情報および前記第2の情報を、前記弾性成分および前記粘性成分の2軸を有する2次元平面上に表示するとともに、前記第1のデータベース内の比較対象データを前記2次元平面上に重ねて表示することを特徴とする粘弾性測定システム。 - 請求項13に記載の粘弾性測定システムにおいて、
前記比較対象データは、前記2次元平面上において、ある基準点から放射状に表示されることを特徴とする粘弾性測定システム。 - 請求項1に記載の粘弾性測定システムにおいて、
前記測定対象物の前記第1の情報および前記第2の情報の履歴を記録する第2のデータベースを含む記憶部を備え、
前記プロセッサーは、前記第2のデータベースを用いて、前記測定対象物の前記第1の情報および前記第2の情報の履歴の情報を前記表示装置に表示させることを特徴とする粘弾性測定システム。 - 測定装置の可動部を測定対象物に連続的に押し付けるステップと、
前記測定対象物における前記可動部との接触部分の押し付け方向の動きの加速度に対応する加速度情報を前記測定装置の第1のセンサによって出力するステップと、
前記測定対象物における前記可動部との接触部分での反力に対応する反力情報を前記測定装置の第2のセンサによって出力するステップと、
前記加速度情報および前記反力情報に基づいて、前記測定対象物の弾性成分に関する第1の情報と前記測定対象物の粘性成分に関する第2の情報をプロセッサーによって計算するステップと、
前記第1の情報および前記第2の情報を表示装置に表示するステップと、
を含む粘弾性測定方法。
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| JP2022088499A (ja) * | 2021-01-21 | 2022-06-14 | マクセル株式会社 | 硬度計および硬度測定方法 |
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| JP7044327B2 (ja) * | 2018-05-08 | 2022-03-30 | 横河電機株式会社 | データ生成システム |
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| US20180177448A1 (en) | 2018-06-28 |
| JP6430638B2 (ja) | 2018-11-28 |
| US20220160292A1 (en) | 2022-05-26 |
| US11219407B2 (en) | 2022-01-11 |
| JPWO2016194468A1 (ja) | 2018-03-29 |
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