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WO2016191513A1 - Procédé de formage par soufflage à grande vitesse pour mettre en forme des récipients en aluminium en utilisant des alliages 3xxx avec une teneur élevée en produit recyclé - Google Patents

Procédé de formage par soufflage à grande vitesse pour mettre en forme des récipients en aluminium en utilisant des alliages 3xxx avec une teneur élevée en produit recyclé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016191513A1
WO2016191513A1 PCT/US2016/034214 US2016034214W WO2016191513A1 WO 2016191513 A1 WO2016191513 A1 WO 2016191513A1 US 2016034214 W US2016034214 W US 2016034214W WO 2016191513 A1 WO2016191513 A1 WO 2016191513A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
preform
forming
disk
bottle
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2016/034214
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English (en)
Inventor
Christopher CUTTER
Robert Lehman
Robert William Mallory
Johnson Go
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Novelis Inc Canada
Novelis Inc
Original Assignee
Novelis Inc Canada
Novelis Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=56116573&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO2016191513(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority to ES16728186T priority Critical patent/ES2777611T3/es
Priority to EP16728186.4A priority patent/EP3302846B1/fr
Priority to KR1020177033749A priority patent/KR102028816B1/ko
Priority to AU2016267097A priority patent/AU2016267097B2/en
Priority to MX2017014373A priority patent/MX2017014373A/es
Application filed by Novelis Inc Canada, Novelis Inc filed Critical Novelis Inc Canada
Priority to BR112017023293A priority patent/BR112017023293A2/pt
Priority to JP2018511368A priority patent/JP6534494B2/ja
Priority to CA2985088A priority patent/CA2985088C/fr
Priority to US15/574,371 priority patent/US20180126440A1/en
Publication of WO2016191513A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016191513A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • B21D26/049—Deforming bodies having a closed end
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/053—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure characterised by the material of the blanks

Definitions

  • This disclosure provides a high-speed blow forming process for shaping aluminum, containers using 3xxx can body stock alloys with high recycled content.
  • Metal cans are well known and widely used for beverages.
  • Conventional beverage can bodies generally have simple upright cylindrical side walls. It is sometimes desired, however, for reasons of aesthetics, consumer appeal and/or product identification, to impart a different and more complex shape to the side wall and/or bottom of a metal beverage container, and in particular, to provide a metal container with the shape of a bottle rather than an ordinary cylindrical can shape.
  • inventions described herein provide an efficient, high-speed blow-forming process for shaping aluminum containers using conventional 3xxx can body stock alloys with high recycled content.
  • the methods may be carried out on alloys having recycled content as high as 50 wt % to 100 wt. %.
  • inventions inventions, the invention, “this invention” and “the present invention,” as used in this document are intended to refer broadly to all of the subject matter of this patent application and the claims below. Statements containing these terms should be understood not to limit the subject matter described herein or to limit the meaning or scope of the patent claims below. Covered embodiments of the invention are defined by the claims, not this summary.
  • a preform is a hollow workpiece typically having an open end opposite a closed end and a generally cylindrical wall .
  • a D&I preform is a preform made by a D&I process.
  • Preforms used in the methods described herein typically have a diameter of about 2.5 inches (in) to about 3.0 in, a height of about 10.0 in to about 12.5 in, a wall thickness of about 0.006 in to about 0.02,0 in, and a dome depth of about 0.400 in to about 1.00 in.
  • Preforms used in the methods described herein can be either coated or uncoated depending on the application.
  • a conventional can coating system can be applied on the preforms
  • a conventional can coating system comprises inside spray, ink and over- varnish.
  • This disclosure provides methods for aluminum forming at temperatures ranging from ambient temperature (i.e., between about 18 °C - about 25 °C) up to about 300 °C and provides methods for preform expansion to a diameter up to 40% larger than the original preform diameter.
  • This disclosure provides methods for a low-pressure forming operation that operates up to 420 psi ( «30 bars), with the use of a single segment split mold.
  • the methods disclosed herein are commercially valuable because they use blow- forming to expand preforms made by a D&l process.
  • the D&l process is more efficient than the alternative impact extrusion (IE) process.
  • the D&I process is capable of running at a considerably higher production speed than the IE process, which makes the D&I process an economical option for a high-speed, large-volume production plant.
  • the D&I process can be carried out on alloys having a high recycled content.
  • the IE process requires the use of high-purity 1 xxx series aluminum alloys, which are not recycle friendly.
  • the disclosed methods are advantageous over conventional methods, at least because in those conventional methods aluminum bottles are manufactured by the impact extrusion (IE) process.
  • blow-forming methods described herein use high pressure gas to expand an aluminum preform to fit a negative moid.
  • the disclosed methods also could be applied to a product line employing hydroforming, which uses a liquid in place of the gas used in blow forming.
  • a process for shaping aluminum containers includes the sequential steps of blanking out a disk from a sheet of a 3xxx series aluminum alloy; forming a bottle preform by drawing, redrawing, ironing, and doming the cup; placing the preform into a mold cavity; applying an axial load to the preform; and injecting an inert gas into the interior of the preform with sufficient pressure until the preform expands to fill the mold cavity.
  • the sheet has a thickness in the range of about 0.0150 in to about 0.0250 in.
  • the disk has a diameter in the range of about 6.0 in to about 9.5 in.
  • the preform is heated to a forming temperature prior to injecting the inert gas.
  • the forming temperature is about 200 °C to about 300 °C. In some cases, the forming temperature is about 250 °C to about 255 °C, or nominally 250 °C.
  • the heating may be carried out while the preform is under the axial load. That is, the heating may be carried out while the axial load is applied. The axial load prevents the preform from expanding in the axial direction, but the axial load does not compress (i.e., reduce the length of) the preform.
  • the inert gas is injected after a preset axial load is reached.
  • the preset axial load is in the range of about 100 to 250 lb/ft 2 .
  • the axial load decreases, so the injected gas applies pressure to the preform at a controlled rate.
  • the preform may be annealed before it is placed in a mold cavity.
  • the annealing temperature is from, about 100 °C to about 400 °C. In some cases, the annealing temperature is from about 300 °C to about 400 °C.
  • aluminum bottles made by any method disclosed herein.
  • the flexibility of the methods disclosed herein allows for production of elaborate designs in the aluminum bottle market, which would be difficult with other aluminum forming methods, for example mechanical shaping.
  • Figure 1 is an illustration of a mold cavity according to the methods described herein.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic of a blow forming process according to the methods described herein.
  • Figure 3 is a graph of the forming parameters of a D&I prefonn upon expansion to fill a mold during a high-speed blow-forming process.
  • the methods described herein provide shaped aluminum bottles from conventional 3xxx can body stock alloys with up to 100% recycled content.
  • the methods include manufacturing a preform having a wall, a closed end, and an open end by a D&I process and expanding the preform into a shaped container by high-speed blow forming.
  • a disk is blanked out of an aluminum sheet.
  • the blank may be formed by any method known in the art, such as by punching or cutting.
  • an outer cutting tool cuts a 3xxx series aluminum sheet having a thickness ranging from about 0.0150 in to about 0.0250 in (e.g., 0.0150 in to 0.0200 in, 0.0180 in to 0.0200 in, 0.0180 in to 0.0250 in, or 0.0200 to 0.0250 in), into a disk, and the disk is immediately drawn into a cup.
  • the disk may be drawn into a cup with an inner cup forming tool.
  • the cutting and drawing is earned out by a double action press, where the first action performs disk cutting and the second action performs cup forming in a continuous motion.
  • the cut-out disk may have a diameter ranging from about 6.0 in to about 10,0 in (e.g., 6.0 in, 6,2 in, 6,5 in, 6,7 in, 7.0 in, 7.2 in, 7.5 in, 7.7 in, 8.0 in, 8.2 in, 8,5 in, 8,7 in, 9.0 in, 9.2 in, 9.5 in, 9.7 in, or 10.0 in.)
  • the formed cup has a fairly large diameter that requires further operation to reduce its size to a smaller diameter to facilitate subsequent operations. This is accomplished by a redraw process.
  • a suitable redraw process for the methods described herein includes, for example, the direct redraw process wherein the cup is drawn from inside of the cup base by usmg similar cup forming tools to reduce its diameter and displace the material to form a taller cup wall
  • Another suitable redraw process for use in the methods described herein is the reverse redraw process wherein the cup is drawn from the bottom of the cup and metal is folded in an opposite direction to form the taller cup wall.
  • the methods disclosed herein may include either of these preform redraw processes, but are not limited to these redraw processes. Depending on machine requirements, limitations, and process requirements, there may be multiple redraw processes or combinations of redraw processes.
  • the final preform may have a diameter ranging from about 2.0 in to about 3.5 in (e.g., 2.0 in to 3.0 in, or 2.5 in to 3.5 in) and may be as tall as about 10.0 in to about 12.5 in (e.g., 10.0 in, 10.5 in, 11.0 in, 11.5 in, 12.0 in, or 12.5 in).
  • the preform wall has a thickness ranging from about 0.006 in to about 0.020 in (e.g., 0.006 in, 0.007 in, 0,008 in, 0,009 in, 0.010 in, 0.012 in, 0.014 in, 0.016 in, 0.018 in, or 0.020 in).
  • the preform may have a constant wall thickness of about 0.010 in to about 0.020 in (e.g., 0.012 in, 0.014 in, 0.016 in, or 0.018 in).
  • the bottle preform may have a variable wall thickness with a thicker portion at the top of about 0.010 in to about 0.020 in (e.g., 0.010 in, 0.012 in, 0.014 in, 0.016 m, 0.018 m, or 0.020 in) and a thinner portion in the middle of about 0.006 in to about 0.012 in (e.g., 0.006 in, 0.007 in, 0.008 in, 0.009 in, 0.010 in, or 0.012 in).
  • the preform dome has a depth from about 0.400 in to about 1.00 in (e.g., 0,400 in, 0,500 in, 0.600 in, 0.700 in, 0.800 in, 0.900 in, or 1.00 in).
  • the preform may be subjected to an optional annealing operation with a temperature ranging from about 100 °C to about 400 °C (e.g., 100 °C - 300 °C, 100 °C - 200 °C, 200 °C - 400 °C, 200 °C - 300 °C, or 300 °C - 400 °C for a duration ranging from about I minute to about 3 hours (e.g., 1 minute - 1 hour, 1 minute - 30 minutes, 5 minutes - 20 minutes, 1 hour - 3 hours, 2 hours - 3 hours, or 1 hour - 2 hours).
  • the annealing process may be performed to improve metal formability.
  • the annealing process may have a duration ranging from about 1 hour to about 3 hours. In other cases, the annealing process may range from about 1 minute up to about 30 minutes.
  • the annealing operation may be added during aluminum sheet production or during one or more preform production steps.
  • the annealing process may be applied locally to a specific portion of the preform. For example, the annealing process may be applied to the neck portion of the bottle, to the body portion of the bottle, to the base portion of the bottle, or any combination thereof.
  • the annealing process may also be applied to selective portions of the aluminum sheet before it is processed into a preform. Consequently, a gradient of mechanical properties is induced along the height of the sidewall of the preforms.
  • the annealing step may be applied as an intermediate step in the necking and shaping progression operations.
  • the methods provide high-speed blow forming processes for shaping D&I preforms of conventional 3xxx can body stock alloys with high recycled content.
  • the recycled content may be present in an amount of up to 100 wt. % of the alloy.
  • the recycled content may be present from 50 wt. % to 100 wt. % of the alloy (e.g., 50 wt. %, 55 wt. %, 60 wt. %, 65 wt. %, 70 wt. %, 75 wt. %, 80 wt. %, 85 wt. %, 90 wt. %, 95 wt. %, or 100 wt. %).
  • standard AA3104 can body stock alloys are used.
  • Other non-limiting alloys that may be used in the methods disclosed herein are AA3003, AA3004, AA3 I05, and AA3204.
  • a preform optionally is annealed in a box furnace prior to blow-forming. After optional annealing, the preform is placed in a mold cavity for blow forming.
  • the mold cavity typically has a long axis.
  • the preform also has a long axis and is disposed substantially coaxially within the moid cavity.
  • the mold cavity is part of a split mold, i.e., a mold made up of two or more mating segments around the periphery of the mold cavit 7 , separable for removal of the formed container.
  • the defined shape may be asymmetric about the long axis of the cavity.
  • a high-speed blow forming process uses an ambient or heated mold cavity.
  • a controlled temperature gradient may be used, such that the temperature of the mold cavity varies about 5 °C to 10 °C (e.g., 5 °C, 6 °C, 7 °C, 8 °C, 9 °C, or 10 °C) from the top to the bottom of the perform.
  • the top and bottom of the mold cavity are heated to temperatures from about 200 °C to 300 °C (e.g., 200 °C, 220 °C, 240 °C, 260 °C, 280 °C, or 300 °C), with the bottom being 5 °C to 10 °C higher than the top.
  • a mold apparatus includes a split mold having two halves (left and right), a backing ram (bottom), and a preform seal (top). In addition to the mold cavity being heated, the backing ram and preform seal may also be heated. When the backing ram.
  • the backing ram is generally heated to a temperature from about 215 °C to about 335 °C (215 °C, 225 °C, 235 °C, 245 °C, 255 °C, 265 °C, 275 °C, 285 °C, 295 °C, 305 °C, 315 °C, 325 °C, or 335 °C), and the preform seal is generally heated to a temperature similar to the upper portion of the mold cavity, for example, to about 180 °C to 320 °C (e.g., 180 °C, 200 °C, 22.0 °C, 240 °C, 260 °C, 280 °C, 300 °C, or 32.0 °C).
  • Figure 1 is a schematic of a moid cavity showing one half of a split mold 1 10 and a backing ram 120.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic of a b!ow-forming process.
  • a mold cavity 210, a backing ram 220, and a preform seal 230 enclose a preform 240 as shown in Fig. 2, panel A.
  • the backing ram 220 places an axial load indicated by arrow 250 on the preform. 240 while the preform 240 is heated to its fonning temperature, as shown in Fig. 2, panel B.
  • the axial load typically is in the range of 100 lb/ft 2 to 250 lb/ft 2 (e.g., 100 lb/ft 2 , 125 lb/ft 2 , 150 lb/ft 2 , 175 lb/ft 2 , 200 lb/ft 2 , 225 lb/ft 2 , or 250 lb/ft 2 ).
  • the backing ram 220 exerts a load on the preform 2.40, there is no significant compression, or reduction in length, of the preform.
  • the displacement of the backing ram 220 is about 0 in to about 0.050 in (e.g., 0.025 in - 0.05 in).
  • the backing ram 220 is essentially stationary once in place in contact with the preform dome and during the molding process.
  • the preform 240 is pressurized with an inert gas 260, such as nitrogen, until the preform. 240 expands to completeiy fill the mold cavity 210, as shown in Fig. 2, panels C and D.
  • the blowing pressure is applied to the preform at a controlled rate. As the preform 240 expands, the axial load decreases.
  • the upper portion of the mold cavity is heated to 250 °C and the bottom portion of the moid cavity is heated to 255 °C.
  • the seal is heated to 250 °C and the backing ram is heated to 275 °C.
  • the four parts i .e., the two halves of the mold, the backing ram, and the seal
  • An axial load of about 200 lb/foot is placed on the preform while the preform is heated to its forming temperature. Once the forming temperature is reached, the preform, is pressurized with nitrogen until the mold cavity is filled.
  • a blow forming method may be carried out at ambient temperatures, i.e., without heating the mold apparatus.
  • ambient temperature conditions for example 23 °C
  • the preform is immediately pressurized with an inert gas once the preset axial load is reached.
  • the pressurization rate is approximately 1 second and the pressure is held until the blow formed preform completely fills the mold cavity.
  • the split moid expansions increase in diameter up to 40% larger than the original diameter (e.g., 15 %, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, or 40%).
  • the forming temperature ranges from ambient temperature, for example about 23 °C, to about 300 °C (e.g., 23 °C - 100 °C, 23 °C - 200 °C, 100 °C - 300 °C, or 200 °C - 300 °C).
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing change in forming parameters over time as a D&I preform was expanded to a straight wall mold in a high-speed blow forming process.
  • the fully formed bottle had a 40% expansion (to 2.933 in final diameter).
  • This bottle was formed at a nominal temperature of 250 °C with a 5 °C temperature gradient from the top to the bottom of the preform, i.e., the temperature at the top of the preform was 250 °C and the temperature at the bottom of the preform, was 255 °C.
  • the entire forming process for making the straight wall container took approximately 5 seconds.
  • the shaped aluminum containers described herein may be used for beverages including, but not limited to, soft drinks, water, beer, wine, energy drinks, and other beverages.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de formage par soufflage à grande vitesse pour la mise en forme de récipients en aluminium en utilisant des alliages de départ de corps de boîte 3xxx avec une teneur élevée en produit recyclé, ainsi que des articles fabriqués par ce procédé. Un procédé de mise en forme de récipients en aluminium tel que décrit ici comprend les étapes séquentielles de découpage d'un disque à partir d'une tôle d'un alliage d'aluminium de la série 3xxx ; formation d'une préforme de bouteille par étirage, réétirage, repassage, et bombement du disque ; mise en place de la préforme dans une cavité de moule ; application d'une charge axiale à la préforme ; et injection d'un gaz inerte dans l'intérieur de la préforme avec une pression suffisante jusqu'à ce que la préforme se dilate pour remplir la cavité de moule.
PCT/US2016/034214 2015-05-26 2016-05-26 Procédé de formage par soufflage à grande vitesse pour mettre en forme des récipients en aluminium en utilisant des alliages 3xxx avec une teneur élevée en produit recyclé Ceased WO2016191513A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/574,371 US20180126440A1 (en) 2015-05-26 2016-05-26 High Speed Blow Forming Process to Shape Aluminum Containers Using 3xxx Alloys with High Recycle Content
EP16728186.4A EP3302846B1 (fr) 2015-05-26 2016-05-26 Procédé de formage par soufflage à grande vitesse pour mettre en forme des récipients en aluminium en utilisant des alliages 3xxx avec une teneur élevée en produit recyclé
KR1020177033749A KR102028816B1 (ko) 2015-05-26 2016-05-26 고 재활용 함량을 갖는 3ｘｘｘ 합금들을 사용하여 알루미늄 컨테이너들을 형상화하기 위한 고속 블로 성형 프로세스
AU2016267097A AU2016267097B2 (en) 2015-05-26 2016-05-26 High speed blow forming process to shape aluminum containers using 3XXX alloys with high recycle content
MX2017014373A MX2017014373A (es) 2015-05-26 2016-05-26 Proceso de formacion por soplado a alta velocidad para formar recipientes de aluminio usando aleaciones 3xxx con alto contenido de reciclado.
ES16728186T ES2777611T3 (es) 2015-05-26 2016-05-26 Procedimiento de conformación por soplado a alta velocidad para dar forma a recipientes de aluminio usando aleaciones 3xxx con alto contenido de material reciclado
BR112017023293A BR112017023293A2 (pt) 2015-05-26 2016-05-26 processo para conformar recipientes de alumínio, e, garrafa de alumínio.
JP2018511368A JP6534494B2 (ja) 2015-05-26 2016-05-26 高リサイクル含有量の３ｘｘｘ合金を使用したアルミニウム容器を成形するための高速ブロー成形過程
CA2985088A CA2985088C (fr) 2015-05-26 2016-05-26 Procede de formage par soufflage a grande vitesse pour mettre en forme des recipients en aluminium en utilisant des alliages 3xxx avec une teneur elevee en produit recycle

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201562166212P 2015-05-26 2015-05-26
US62/166,212 2015-05-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016191513A1 true WO2016191513A1 (fr) 2016-12-01

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ID=56116573

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2016/034214 Ceased WO2016191513A1 (fr) 2015-05-26 2016-05-26 Procédé de formage par soufflage à grande vitesse pour mettre en forme des récipients en aluminium en utilisant des alliages 3xxx avec une teneur élevée en produit recyclé

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US20180126440A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3302846B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6534494B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR102028816B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2016267097B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR112017023293A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2985088C (fr)
ES (1) ES2777611T3 (fr)
MX (1) MX2017014373A (fr)
WO (1) WO2016191513A1 (fr)

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KR102395432B1 (ko) 2017-03-23 2022-05-09 노벨리스 인크. 재활용 알루미늄 스크랩 주조
CN109317554A (zh) * 2018-10-24 2019-02-12 佛山市顺德区金帝实业有限公司 一种异形金属容器的加热加压成型装置及其成型方法
WO2021150412A1 (fr) * 2020-01-23 2021-07-29 Novelis Inc. Stock de corps de boîte de conserve et stock d'extrémité de boîte de conserve modifiés et procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation correspondants
CN111843397A (zh) * 2020-08-06 2020-10-30 温州深拉防爆设备有限公司 一种用拉伸工艺成型的天然气气瓶内胆

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MX2017014373A (es) 2018-03-02
AU2016267097B2 (en) 2019-02-21
ES2777611T3 (es) 2020-08-05
BR112017023293A2 (pt) 2018-08-14
CA2985088C (fr) 2020-07-28
JP6534494B2 (ja) 2019-06-26
CA2985088A1 (fr) 2016-12-01
KR20170139619A (ko) 2017-12-19
JP2018517569A (ja) 2018-07-05
AU2016267097A1 (en) 2017-11-16
US20180126440A1 (en) 2018-05-10
KR102028816B1 (ko) 2019-10-04
EP3302846A1 (fr) 2018-04-11

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