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WO2016190857A1 - Particule agricole ionique, composition agricole ionique, et procédé de formation de composition agricole ionique - Google Patents

Particule agricole ionique, composition agricole ionique, et procédé de formation de composition agricole ionique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016190857A1
WO2016190857A1 PCT/US2015/032610 US2015032610W WO2016190857A1 WO 2016190857 A1 WO2016190857 A1 WO 2016190857A1 US 2015032610 W US2015032610 W US 2015032610W WO 2016190857 A1 WO2016190857 A1 WO 2016190857A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ionic agricultural
ionic
particles
agricultural
product
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/US2015/032610
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English (en)
Inventor
Stephen R. Miranda
Kimberly A. Papania
Mary PROVANCE-BOWLEY
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Enviri Corp
Original Assignee
Harsco Corp
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Priority to PCT/US2015/032610 priority Critical patent/WO2016190857A1/fr
Publication of WO2016190857A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016190857A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
    • C05D3/04—Calcareous fertilisers from blast-furnace slag or other slags containing lime or calcium silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C05G5/12—Granules or flakes

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to ionic agricultural powders, ionic agricultural compositions and processes of forming ionic agricultural compositions. More specifically, the present invention is directed to electrostatically aggregated cationic organic binder and anionic inorganic industrial by-product.
  • fertilizers and other additives sometimes contain silicon compounds, such as, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, potassium silicate, and sodium silicate.
  • silicon compounds such as, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, potassium silicate, and sodium silicate.
  • fertilizers and the other additives deliver these minerals, these compounds, or combinations of these minerals and these compounds to a plant or to soil.
  • the method of delivering the minerals or compounds, the crystal structure of the minerals or compounds, and the combination of the minerals or compounds impacts the efficacy of the fertilizers and other additives, for example, by impacting the solubility of them. Soluble compounds are able to travel through soil, plants, and/or portions of plants (such as a cell wall) better than insoluble compounds.
  • the minerals or compounds in the fertilizers or other additives are produced in several forms.
  • the minerals or compounds in the fertilizers or other additives are natural (for example, mined) or synthetic (for example, a byproduct of an industrial process). Utilizing synthetic minerals or compounds, such as, by-products, is potentially environmentally beneficial by reducing waste and economically beneficial by creating economic value to existing waste.
  • slag is generally perceived as a waste material. However, most slag is suitable for use in road surfaces, roofing, or cementitious products.
  • the source of slag impacts the composition of the slag and, thus, the end-use of the slag or portions of the slag.
  • blast furnace slag is known to be used in roads and cementitious products; however, it has previously been perceived as undesirable for agricultural products due to its composition.
  • Stainless steel slag greater than 10.5 weight % Chromium is indicative of a stainless steel product
  • stainless steel slag is in some instances limited in availability.
  • making of agricultural compositions from slag sources, especially pelletized agricultural compositions potentially involves difficulty in dispersion during blending, pellet strength, and combinations thereof.
  • Silicon from different sources such as different composition slags
  • silicon has different structures based upon process parameters, such as, the cooling rate of the slag, and/or based upon physical characteristics, such as granular size of the compound.
  • process parameters such as, the cooling rate of the slag
  • physical characteristics such as granular size of the compound.
  • Solubility impacts the ability for silicon to be processed by plants and/or the ability to sequester heavy metals.
  • information about silicon that fails to identify whether the silicon is in a soluble compound could be misleading or unreliable by failing to properly identify the impact of including such silicon.
  • lacking such information prevents proper identification of preferred ranges of silicon from soluble compounds.
  • Ionic agricultural particles, ionic agricultural compositions, and processes of forming ionic agricultural compositions that include one or more improvements in comparison to the prior art would be desirable.
  • an ionic agricultural particle includes an anionic inorganic industrial by-product and a cationic organic binder.
  • the anionic inorganic industrial by-product and the cationic organic binder are electrostatically aggregated.
  • an ionic agricultural composition in another exemplary embodiment, includes a plurality of ionic agricultural particles.
  • Each of the plurality of ionic agricultural particles includes an anionic inorganic industrial by-product and a cationic organic binder.
  • the anionic inorganic industrial by-product and the cationic organic binder are electrostatically aggregated.
  • the ionic agricultural composition further includes an arrangement of the plurality of ionic agricultural particles.
  • a process of forming an ionic agricultural composition includes blending an anionic inorganic industrial by-product and a cationic organic binder to form a plurality of ionic agricultural particles.
  • ionic agricultural particles Provided are ionic agricultural particles, ionic agricultural compositions, and processes of forming an ionic agricultural composition.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure permit environmental benefits by utilizing waste or by-product streams from one or more industrial processes, permit the ability for calcium silicate and/or magnesium silicate to be retained in agricultural substances for longer periods of time, are capable of increasing soil pH, are capable of decreasing metal toxicity (for example, from Al,
  • Mn, or heavy metals improve cation exchange capacity, improve crop tolerance (for example, to drought, frost, disease, and/or insects by increasing strength of cell wall and/or by further protecting from disease/pathogen attack), improve plant productivity
  • an ionic agricultural particle includes an anionic inorganic industrial by-product and a cationic organic binder.
  • the anionic inorganic industrial by-product and the cationic organic binder are electrostatically aggregated.
  • an ionic agricultural composition includes a plurality of ionic agricultural particles.
  • the cationic organic binder includes any suitable materials.
  • suitable materials include, but are not limited to, denatured soy bean particles, denatured corn particles, or combinations thereof.
  • denatured soy bean particles are particles resulting from the treatment of soy bean meal to remove vegetable oil and water soluble compounds.
  • denatured corn particles are particles resulting from the treatment of corn meal to remove vegetable oil and water soluble compounds.
  • the ionic agricultural particle includes any suitable amount of the cationic organic binder. Suitable amounts include, but are not limited to, between 1 weight % to 10 weight % of the ionic agricultural particle, between 2 weight % to 7 weight %, between 3 weight % to 6 weight %, between 4 weight % to 5 weight %, or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein.
  • the cationic organic binder includes a yeast extract.
  • yeast extract enhances organic matter decomposition for accelerated nutrient availability of nutrients in the cationic organic binder, such as, but not limited to, nitrogen.
  • Commercially available yeast extracts include yeast extracts and autolysates sold under the trademark HY-YEST 455 by Quest International Company (Hoffman Estates, Illinois).
  • the anionic inorganic industrial by-product includes any suitable materials. Such suitable materials include, but are not limited to, slag from metal production.
  • the slag is produced by a suitable process, including, but not limited to, an industrial process or a blast furnace in a unitary process or a combination of processes linked, for example, by transportation of materials.
  • the slag is a silicon-containing by-product including silicon in one or more compounds.
  • the silicon is in a soluble compound or a combination of a soluble compound and an insoluble compound.
  • the total silicon in an ionic agricultural particle includes all soluble silicon and insoluble silicon. In some embodiments, the total silicon of the ionic agricultural particle is less than 30 atomic % or greater than 39 atomic %. In some embodiments, the total silicon of the ionic agricultural particle is less than 25 atomic %, less than 15 atomic %, between 5 atomic % and 25 atomic %, between 15 atomic % and 25 atomic %, between 20 atomic % and 25 atomic %, between 1 atomic % and 5 atomic %, or any suitable combination or sub-combination thereof.
  • the total silicon of the ionic agricultural particle is between 40 atomic % and 53 atomic %, between 45 atomic % and 50 atomic %, between 50 atomic % and 53 atomic %, greater than 45 atomic %, greater than 50 atomic %, or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein.
  • the silicon from the soluble compound within an ionic agricultural particle is at or above a specific amount.
  • the silicon from the soluble compound in the ionic agricultural particle is between 10 atomic % and 20 atomic %, between 10 atomic % and 15 atomic %, between 15 atomic % and 20 atomic %, between 12 atomic % and 15 atomic %, between 10 atomic % and 12 atomic %, greater than 10 atomic %, greater than 12 atomic %, greater than 15 atomic %, greater than 20 atomic %, or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein.
  • the soluble compound in an ionic agricultural particle is any suitable composition containing silicon and capable of being in solution.
  • the soluble compound includes a monosilic acid, a polysilic acid, an organosilicon, calcium silicate, calcium inosilicate, or other suitable forms of silicon capable of being in solution.
  • the soluble compound is any suitable compound having a solubility that is greater than or equal to the least soluble form of calcium silicate.
  • the soluble compound is any suitable compound capable of travelling through a cell wall of a plant or otherwise available to the plant due to its ability to dissolve.
  • the insoluble compound is silic acid (quartz in solution), amorphous silica, magnesium silicate, coarse or crystalline silicates, or other similar forms of silicon generally incapable of being in solution.
  • the insoluble compound is any suitable compound having a solubility that is less than or equal to the most soluble form of magnesium silicate.
  • the insoluble compound is any suitable compound incapable of travelling through a cell wall of a plant or is otherwise unavailable to the plant due to its inability to dissolve.
  • the content and/or source of the slag producing an ionic agricultural particle potentially impacts the compositions of the ionic agricultural particle.
  • the slag is formed by a process for forming a product such as carbon steel, aluminum, phosphate, copper, zinc, non-ferrous material, alloy steel, iron, combustion products and energy (such as from coal), any product that has less than 10 weight % chromium (greater than 10.5 weight % being indicative of a stainless steel product), or any other suitable product.
  • the product of the slag-producing process has less than 8% chromium, less than 6% chromium, less than 4% chromium, between 2% and 8% chromium, between 2% and 6% chromium, between 4% and 8% chromium, between 4% and 6% chromium, or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein.
  • the slag from the slag-producing process is a metal slag, such as, carbon steel slag, aluminum slag, copper slag, zinc slag, non-ferrous slag, argon oxygen decarburization slag (AOD slag), alloy steel slag, stainless steel slag (for heavy metal sequestration or combined by-products), blast furnace slag (for example, from the production of iron), blast oxygen furnace slag (BOFS), or combinations thereof.
  • the slag from the slag-producing process is a non-metal slag, such as, phosphate slag or coal slag.
  • the slag from the slag-producing process is copper slag and/or has a general composition including, by weight, between 30% and 40% Si0 2 , between 5% and 10% CaO, between 1% and 5% MnO, between 2% and 4% A1 2 0 3 , between 2% and 3% Zn, a balance of Fe, and incidental impurities.
  • the slag from the slag-producing process is zinc slag and/or has a general composition including, by weight, 20% FeO, 15% CaO, 20% Si0 2 , 5% A1 2 0 3 , 10% PbO, a balance ZnO, and incidental impurities.
  • the slag from the slag-producing process is non- ferrous slag and/or has a general composition including, by weight, 15% CaO, 15% Si0 2 , 5.4% A1 2 0 3 , 1.3% MgO, 1.1% K 2 0, 0.9% Na 2 0, 4.8% Zn, 2.0% Pb, a balance FeO, and incidental impurities.
  • the slag 104 includes, by weight, 15% CaO, 15% Si0 2 , 5.4% A1 2 0 3 , 1.3% MgO, .1% K 2 0, 0.9% Na 2 0, 4.8% Zn, 2.0% Pb, 0.7% C, 0.6% Cu, 0.4% S0 4 2" , 0.4% MnO, 0.2% Ti0 2 , 0.2% P0 4 3_ , trace components (such as, 0.1% B, 0.04% SrO, and 0.04% CI " ) a balance FeO, and incidental impurities.
  • trace components such as, 0.1% B, 0.04% SrO, and 0.04% CI "
  • the slag from the slag-producing process is blast furnace slag and/or has a general composition including, by weight, between 32% and 45% CaO, between 5% and 15% MgO, between 32% and 42% Si0 2 , between 7% and 16% A1 2 0 3 , between 1% and 2% S, between 0.1% and 1.5% Fe 2 0 3 , between 0.2% and 1.0% MnO, and incidental impurities.
  • the slag 104 has a composition including, by weight, of between 5% and 15% MgO, between 32% and 42% Si0 2 , between 7% and 16% A1 2 0 3 , between 1% and 2% S, between 0.1% and 1.5% Fe 2 0 3 , between 0.2% and 1.0% MnO, a balance of CaO, and incidental impurities.
  • the slag from the slag-producing process is coal slag and/or has a general composition including, by weight, 48% Si0 2 , 10%» A1 2 0 3 , 14%» CaO, 7.4% Fe 2 0 3 , 6.2% MgO, 1.6% Na 2 0, 1.6% K 2 0, and incidental impurities.
  • the slag from the slag-producing process is phosphate slag and/or has a general composition including, by weight, 16%» to 19%» P 2 Os (for example, in the form 4CaO P 2 0 5 CaSi0 3 ), 4% to 12% MgO, a balance CaO, and incidental impurities.
  • the slag 104 from the slag-producing process is phosphate slag and/or has a general composition including, by weight, between 39% and 42% Si0 2 , up to 3.5% Al 2 0 3 , up to 0.5% Fe 2 0 3 , up to 2% P 2 0 5 , a balance CaO, and incidental impurities.
  • the slag from the slag producing process is a steel slag and/or has a general composition including, by weight, between 10%» and 19%» Si0 2 , between 1% and 3% A1 2 0 3 , between 5% and 10% MgO, between 10% and 40% Fe (for example, from FeO or Fe 2 0 3 ), between 5% and 8%» MnO, a balance CaO, and incidental impurities.
  • the slag includes, by weight, between 10% and 19% Si0 2 , between 1% and 3% Al 2 0 3 , between 5% and 10%» MgO, between 10% and 40% Fe (for example, from FeO or Fe 2 0 3 ), between 5% and 8% MnO, 0.5% Ti0 2 , between 0.5% and 1% P 2 0 5 , a balance CaO, and incidental impurities.
  • the slag from the slag producing process is AOD slag and/or has a general composition including, by weight, between 6% and 8% A1 2 0 3 , between 1% and 3% Cr 2 0 3 , up to 1% Fe 2 0 3 , between 0.5% and 6% FeO, between 4% and 6% MgO, between 22% and 29% Si0 2 , a balance CaO, and incidental impurities.
  • the slag includes, by weight, between 6% and 8%» Al 2 0 3 , between 1% and 3% Cr 2 0 3 , up to 1% Fe 2 0 3 , between 0.5% and 6% FeO, between 4% and 6% MgO, between 0.8% and 1% MnO, between 22% and 29% Si0 2 , a balance CaO, and incidental impurities.
  • the slag from the slag producing process is BOFS and/or has a general composition including, by weight, between 15% and 35% FeO, between 10% and 20% Si0 2 , up to 10% A1 2 0 3 , up to 10% MgO, up to 10% MnO, up to 2% P 2 0 5 , up to 2% ⁇ 2 0 3 , a balance CaO, and incidental impurities.
  • the anionic inorganic industrial by-product includes silicon, calcium, and magnesium, for example, as a combination of calcium silicate and magnesium silicate. In one embodiment, the anionic inorganic industrial byproduct further includes calcium between 26 atomic % and 28 atomic % and magnesium between 6 atomic % and 8 atomic %, with the balance being other constituents from the slag.
  • the anionic inorganic industrial by-product includes a sulfate source and calcium silicate.
  • the sulfate source is suitably any non-hazardous sulfate source including, but not limited to, gypsum.
  • the gypsum is be mined, synthetic, or a combination thereof. Using mined gypsum, synthetic gypsum, and combinations of mined gypsum and synthetic gypsum permits the effects of the structure of the gypsum to be controlled and/or adjusted.
  • the sulfate source is further processed to achieve desired physical properties prior to being introduced to the ionic agricultural composition.
  • the sulfate source is filtered through one or more mesh stages.
  • 99% of the by-product is smaller than #20 mesh
  • 90% of the by-product is smaller than #60 mesh
  • 75% of the by-product is smaller than #100 mesh.
  • moisture content of the sulfate source is adjusted to a specific range (for example, by mechanical watering devices, filters, centrifuges, or combinations thereof).
  • the specific range of moisture content is between 10% and 18%, between 10% and 15%, between 7% and 12%, between 5% and 7%, or at 5%, or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein.
  • the lime or limestone forms 90% to 99%, 90% to 95%, 94% to 99%, 92% to 97%, or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein, of the sulfate source.
  • the gypsum forms 90% to 99%, 90% to 95%, 94% to 99%, 92% to 97%, or any suitable combination, subcombination, range, or sub-range therein, of the sulfate source.
  • the anionic inorganic industrial by-product includes synthetic gypsum.
  • Suitable processes for forming the synthetic gypsum include, but are not limited to, a sulfate-producing process which is a portion of a slag-producing process or a separate process.
  • the sulfate-producing process forming the synthetic gypsum is a by-product of flue gas desulfurization in a coal combustion process.
  • the sulfate source is a by-product of another industrial process.
  • the sulfate source is a by-product formed from slag in a coal combustion process, a by-product formed from bottom-boiler ash in a coal combustion process, a by-product formed from hydrogen sulfide produced from a pickling liquor, or any suitable combination thereof.
  • the anionic inorganic industrial by-product includes any suitable amount of synthetic gypsum or no synthetic gypsum. In one embodiment, the anionic inorganic industrial by-product includes 40 weight % to 60 weight % synthetic gypsum, alternatively 50 weight % synthetic gypsum.
  • the anionic inorganic industrial by-product includes 75 weight % to 95 weight %, 75 weight % to 85 weight %, 80 weight % to 90 weight %, 85 weight % to 95 weight %, 85 weight % to 90 weight %, or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein, being the sulfate source and 5 weight % to 25 weight %, 5 weight % to 15 weight %, 10 weight % to 20 weight %, 15 weight % to 25 weight %, 10 weight % to 15 weight %, or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein, being the calcium silicate or the silicon-containing by-product of the slag.
  • the anionic inorganic industrial by-product includes 88.5 weight % being the sulfate source and 12.5 weight % calcium silicate or the silicon-containing by-product of the slag.
  • a combined wet blend of the anionic inorganic industrial by-product includes 5 atomic % to 6 atomic % H 2 0, 4 atomic % to 6 atomic % magnesium, 17 atomic % to 19 atomic % sulfur, and a balance calcium.
  • the combined wet blend includes 5.6 atomic % H 2 0, 22.2 atomic % calcium, 0.05 atomic % magnesium, and 17.5 atomic % sulfur.
  • a combined dry blend of the ionic agricultural composition includes 22 atomic % to 26 atomic % calcium, 0.04 atomic % to 0.06 atomic % magnesium, and 17.5 atomic % to 19.5 atomic % sulfur.
  • the dry blend includes 23.5 atomic % calcium, 0.05 atomic % magnesium, and 18.5 atomic % sulfur.
  • the pH of the ionic agricultural composition is 7.5 to 8.5, or 8.1. However, in another embodiment, the pH is greater than 8.5 by including additional ammonium sulfate as described below.
  • the sulfate source includes ammonium sulfate.
  • ammonia is used as a reactant in the sulfate-producing process (such as, flue gas desulfurization in coal combustion) to yield (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 (ammonium sulfate).
  • the pH of the resulting ionic agricultural composition is higher than embodiments with the sulfate source being from gypsum, thereby permitting a blending to achieve a desired pH.
  • the sulfate-producing process is coal combustion.
  • Coal includes sulfur oxides (SOx).
  • SOx sulfur oxides
  • Monitoring emissions in coal combustion involves monitoring whether SOx is being emitted.
  • various scrubbers or other systems remove sulfur, sulfates, sulfites, sulfur trioxide, sulfur dioxide, or other sulfur-containing compounds.
  • the SOx reduced and/or removed by flue gas desulfurization includes circulating of a flue gas to remove sulfur from the flue gas and generating a sulfur-containing by-product.
  • flue gas desulfurization There are two different methods of performing flue gas desulfurization that produce the sulfate source. In a first method (assuming ideal operating conditions), wet scrubbing is performed with a CaC0 3 slurry (for example, a limestone slurry) to produce CaS0 3 (calcium sulfite):
  • CaS0 3 calcium sulfite
  • CaS0 4 for example, synthetic gypsum
  • the lime or limestone slurry is present with the synthetic gypsum after the flue gas desulfurization.
  • the sulfate source includes a specific amount of synthetic gypsum and lime or limestone.
  • the sulfate source includes 90 weight % to 95 weight % calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 -2H 2 0), 1 weight % to 2 weight % calcium sulfite (CaS0 3 1 ⁇ 2H 2 ), and 2 weight % to 3 weight % calcium carbonate (CaC0 3 ).
  • the remaining portion includes magnesium sulfate/sulfite.
  • each of at least a portion of the plurality of ionic agricultural particles includes a dimension of 250 ⁇ to 1,000 ⁇ , alternatively 400 ⁇ to 750 ⁇ , alternatively 450 ⁇ to 600 ⁇ , alternatively at least 250 ⁇ , alternatively at least 400 ⁇ , alternatively at least 500 ⁇ , alternatively greater than 500 ⁇ .
  • each of the plurality of ionic agricultural particles includes a dimension of 250 ⁇ to 1,000 ⁇ , alternatively 400 ⁇ to 750 ⁇ , alternatively 450 ⁇ to 600 ⁇ , alternatively at least 250 ⁇ , alternatively at least 400 ⁇ , alternatively at least 500 ⁇ , alternatively greater than 500 ⁇ , or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein.
  • the cationic organic binder includes particles of any suitable size, including, but not limited to, particles having a size of between 100 ⁇ to 500 ⁇ , between 100 ⁇ to 300 ⁇ , between 200 ⁇ to 400 ⁇ , between 300 ⁇ to 500 ⁇ , between 100 ⁇ to 200 ⁇ , between 200 ⁇ to 300 ⁇ , between 300 ⁇ to 400 ⁇ , between 400 ⁇ to 500 ⁇ , between 225 ⁇ to 275 ⁇ , between 240 ⁇ to 260 ⁇ , 250 ⁇ , or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or subrange therein.
  • a process of forming the ionic agricultural composition includes blending the anionic inorganic industrial by-product and the cationic organic binder to form a plurality of ionic agricultural particles, for example, by a high-speed blender.
  • the plurality of ionic agricultural particles are further subjected to a mechanical processing technique.
  • the mechanical processing technique is be any suitable technique, including, but not limited to, powdering, agglomerating, granulating, pelletizing, and combinations thereof.
  • the plurality of ionic agricultural particles are arranged in any suitable form, including, but not limited to, a powder, agglomerates, granules, pellets, a dispersion in a liquid carrier, or combinations thereof.
  • a "powder” is an arrangement of particles, wherein a majority of the particles are present as individual particles. In a further embodiment, a minority of the particles are loosely aggregated through adhesive force.
  • An "agglomerate” is an arrangement of particles wherein the particles are aggregated into a cluster of particles in which each particle retains its individual form and is visually distinguishable from the other particles.
  • a “granule” is an arrangement of particles wherein the particles are progressively enlarged by combination with one another until the particles lose their individual forms and are no longer visually distinguishable from one another.
  • a “pellet” is an arrangement of particles wherein the particles are aggregated into a specific geometry.
  • the specific geometry is any suitable geometry, including, but not limited to, a sphere, spheroid, cone, frustoconical section, ellipsoid, cube, cuboid, triangular prism, tetrahedron, square pyramid, pentagonal prism, hexagonal prism, cylinder, octahedron, pentagonal trapezohedron, decahedron, dodecahedron, iscosohedron, or combinations thereof.
  • a "dispersion in a liquid carrier” is any suitable heterogeneous mixture, including, but not limited to, a colloid, colloidal suspension, suspension, sol, or a combination thereof.
  • the liquid carrier is any suitable liquid, including, but not limited to, water, beet juice, or a combination thereof.
  • the liquid carrier includes 2% to 10%, 2% to 5%, 4% to 7%, 6% to 10%, 5%, or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein, by weight beet juice.
  • the ionic agricultural particles are pelletized or agglomerated, for example, by introducing a binder system to the ionic agricultural particles and pelletizing with a pelletizing disc capable of varying speed and angle of rotation, thereby forming a pelletized ionic agricultural composition.
  • the binder system includes a property of promoting pellet strength when used for forming a pelletized ionic agricultural composition, includes a property of promoting dispersion when used for blending ionic agricultural particles, includes a property of being compatible with calcium silicate, includes other suitable properties, and combinations thereof.
  • the pellet strength is a dry crush strength at least 5 pounds-force.
  • the ionic agricultural composition includes or is formed using the binder system.
  • the binder system includes a dry binder, a wet binder, or a combination thereof.
  • the dry binder is be any suitable material, including, but not limited to, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, calcium stearate, starch, guar gum, and combinations thereof.
  • the ionic agricultural composition includes an appropriate amount of dry binder.
  • the ionic agricultural composition includes 1 weight % to 5 weight %, 1.5 weight %, 3.5 weight percent, 4 weight percent, 4.5 weight %, or any suitable combination, subcombination, range, or sub-range therein, dry binder.
  • the wet binder is a carbohydrate sugar such as beet juice, corn starch, molasses, calcium citrate, condensed fermentation residual, soy polymer, or combinations thereof, mixed with water.
  • carbohydrate sugar also includes protein.
  • the wet binder includes a volumetric concentration of carbohydrate sugar and water.
  • the volumetric concentration of the binder system includes between 15 volume % and 50 volume %, between 15 volume % and 25 volume %, between 20 volume % and 30 volume %, between 25 volume % and 35 volume %, between 30 volume % and 40 volume %, between 35 volume % and 45 volume %, between 40 volume % and 50 volume %, between 22 volume % and 27 volume %, between 37 volume % and 42 volume %, or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein, being carbohydrate sugar.
  • the ionic agricultural composition includes a green ball % moisture of 5% to 40%, 5% to 15%, 10% to 20%, 15% to 25%, 20% to 30%, 25% to 35%, 30% to 40%, or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein.
  • the ionic agricultural composition includes a pin mixer moisture of 5 % to 20%, 5% to 10%, 10% to 15%, 15% to 20%, or any suitable combination, sub-combination, range, or sub-range therein.
  • a micronutrient packet is added to the ionic agricultural composition during the formation of the ionic agricultural composition and/or after the formation of the ionic agricultural composition.
  • the micronutrient packet includes boron, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, and molybdenum.
  • macronutrients such as, nitrogen, phosphorus, and/or potassium
  • nutrients such as, calcium, magnesium, and/or sulfur
  • the micronutrient packet, the macronutrients, and/or the nutrients are added by a second by-product from a process, such as those described above.
  • a nutrient such as sulfate from the sulfate source from a sulfate-producing process is added to the ionic agricultural composition during the formation of the ionic agricultural composition and/or after the formation of the ionic agricultural composition.
  • the application of the ionic agricultural particles treats soil to form treated soil.
  • the ionic agricultural particle increases the rate of plant growth in the treated soil.
  • the ionic agricultural particles are applied to the soil by any suitable technique to form the treated soil and are absorbed by the plant (for example, in one embodiment, at a concentration substantially equal to that of the concentration of the silicon from the soluble compound in the treated soil).
  • the ionic agricultural particles are applied through a spreader.
  • the ionic agricultural particles are applied by banding, for example, by depositing the ionic agricultural particles along with a seed into a furrow in the soil prior to the furrow being closed. In this embodiment, plant growth is unexpectedly at a rate that is even faster than plant growth based upon spreading the ionic agricultural particles without banding.
  • the ionic agricultural particles provide silicon to soil, a plant, or a portion of a plant (such as through a cell wall or into a cell wall) that is measurable, for example, through a regulatory body.
  • the ionic agricultural particles provide silicon that is measurable by an analytical technique approved by the American Association of Plant Food Controlled Officials and/or the Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
  • the applying of the ionic agricultural particles to the soil sequesters one or more heavy metals, such as non-toxic metals (for example, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc), toxic metals (for example, mercury, plutonium, barium, and lead), selectively toxic metals (for example, vanadium, tungsten, arsenic, chromium, and cadmium), any other metal having a specific gravity above 5, or any suitable combination or sub-combination thereof.
  • the heavy metals are sequestered by forming substantially inert particles including the ionic agricultural particles and the heavy metals.
  • the ionic agricultural particles interact with and treat the soil such that the heavy metals form inert particles, thereby sequestering the heavy metals.
  • the ionic agricultural particles are applied under conditions for increased effect.
  • the ionic agricultural particles are applied under acidic soil conditions.
  • the ionic agricultural particles are applied during a period of increased growth during the life-cycle of the plants in the soil, for example, the spring or the fall, a one-month period, two-month period, or three-month period with higher amounts of moisture and/or sunlight than other periods of similar durations.
  • the ionic agricultural particles are applied under alkaline soil conditions, for example, when the ionic agricultural particles include sulfates.
  • the ionic agricultural particles are applied during a period, such as, a pre-growth period, a post-dormancy period, a dormancy period, a post-harvest period, a fallow period, any other suitable period, or combinations thereof.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une particule agricole ionique, une composition agricole ionique et un procédé de formation d'une composition agricole ionique. La particule agricole ionique comprend un sous-produit industriel inorganique anionique et un liant organique cationique qui forment des agrégats électrostatiques. La composition agricole ionique comprend une pluralité de particules agricoles ioniques ayant un agencement donné. Le procédé de formation de la composition agricole ionique consiste à mélanger le sous-produit industriel inorganique anionique et le liant organique cationique pour former une pluralité de particules agricoles ioniques.
PCT/US2015/032610 2015-05-27 2015-05-27 Particule agricole ionique, composition agricole ionique, et procédé de formation de composition agricole ionique Ceased WO2016190857A1 (fr)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20010042494A1 (en) * 1997-12-22 2001-11-22 Welshimer James W. Manufactured granular substrate and method for producing the same
US20070266824A1 (en) * 2006-05-19 2007-11-22 Stein Joseph L Using a slag conditioner to beneficiate bag house dust from a steel making furnace
US20130269405A1 (en) * 2010-09-10 2013-10-17 Harsco Corporation Agricultural blend and process of forming an agricultural blend
US20130333428A1 (en) * 2010-09-10 2013-12-19 Harsco Corporation Agricultural binder system, agricultural blend, and process of forming an agricultural blend
WO2014023988A1 (fr) * 2012-08-08 2014-02-13 Plantaco Logisztikai És Szolgáltató Kft Produit et procédé pour l'intensification de culture de plante et l'augmentation de la fertilité de plante
CA2852813A1 (fr) * 2014-05-29 2014-08-11 Exothermic Distribution Corporation Briquette de composite pour four de siderurgie ou de forge

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20010042494A1 (en) * 1997-12-22 2001-11-22 Welshimer James W. Manufactured granular substrate and method for producing the same
US20070266824A1 (en) * 2006-05-19 2007-11-22 Stein Joseph L Using a slag conditioner to beneficiate bag house dust from a steel making furnace
US20130269405A1 (en) * 2010-09-10 2013-10-17 Harsco Corporation Agricultural blend and process of forming an agricultural blend
US20130333428A1 (en) * 2010-09-10 2013-12-19 Harsco Corporation Agricultural binder system, agricultural blend, and process of forming an agricultural blend
WO2014023988A1 (fr) * 2012-08-08 2014-02-13 Plantaco Logisztikai És Szolgáltató Kft Produit et procédé pour l'intensification de culture de plante et l'augmentation de la fertilité de plante
CA2852813A1 (fr) * 2014-05-29 2014-08-11 Exothermic Distribution Corporation Briquette de composite pour four de siderurgie ou de forge

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