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WO2016156778A1 - Bâtiment modulaire - Google Patents

Bâtiment modulaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016156778A1
WO2016156778A1 PCT/GB2016/000067 GB2016000067W WO2016156778A1 WO 2016156778 A1 WO2016156778 A1 WO 2016156778A1 GB 2016000067 W GB2016000067 W GB 2016000067W WO 2016156778 A1 WO2016156778 A1 WO 2016156778A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
building
module
modules
shell
roof
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2016/000067
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Russell HARRISON
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RUSSELL HARRISON Ltd
Original Assignee
RUSSELL HARRISON Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RUSSELL HARRISON Ltd filed Critical RUSSELL HARRISON Ltd
Publication of WO2016156778A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016156778A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/34—Extraordinary structures, e.g. with suspended or cantilever parts supported by masts or tower-like structures enclosing elevators or stairs; Features relating to the elastic stability
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B1/3211—Structures with a vertical rotation axis or the like, e.g. semi-spherical structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/34838—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34869—Elements for special technical purposes, e.g. with a sanitary equipment
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/02—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs
    • E04B7/028—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs consisting of structures of pyramidal or conical shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/04—Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
    • E04D13/0404—Drainage on the roof surface
    • E04D13/0481—Drainage guiding provisions, e.g. deflectors or stimulation by inclined surfaces
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/005—Modulation co-ordination
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
    • E04H1/04—Apartment houses arranged in two or more levels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/12—Small buildings or other erections for limited occupation, erected in the open air or arranged in buildings, e.g. kiosks, waiting shelters for bus stops or for filling stations, roofs for railway platforms, watchmen's huts or dressing cubicles
    • E04H1/1205—Small buildings erected in the open air
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/12—Small buildings or other erections for limited occupation, erected in the open air or arranged in buildings, e.g. kiosks, waiting shelters for bus stops or for filling stations, roofs for railway platforms, watchmen's huts or dressing cubicles
    • E04H1/1205—Small buildings erected in the open air
    • E04H1/1222—Sales kiosks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/12—Small buildings or other erections for limited occupation, erected in the open air or arranged in buildings, e.g. kiosks, waiting shelters for bus stops or for filling stations, roofs for railway platforms, watchmen's huts or dressing cubicles
    • E04H1/1205—Small buildings erected in the open air
    • E04H1/1244—Dressing or beach cabins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
    • H02S20/25—Roof tile elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/34—Extraordinary structures, e.g. with suspended or cantilever parts supported by masts or tower-like structures enclosing elevators or stairs; Features relating to the elastic stability
    • E04B1/3408—Extraordinarily-supported small buildings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B2001/0053—Buildings characterised by their shape or layout grid
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B2001/0053—Buildings characterised by their shape or layout grid
    • E04B2001/0061—Buildings with substantially curved horizontal cross-section, e.g. circular
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/20—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications using renewable energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a modular building, manufactured and transported to a construction site as separate modules, for assembly into the building on-site. More particularly, but not exclusively, the present invention relates to such a modular building made from ecologically sustainable materials and requiring minimal energy input, to components for such a modular building, and to methods for their construction.
  • holiday "chalets” may be made in two sections, each transportable on the back of a conventional flatbed articulated lorry and assembled on site, the two sections being joined along a vertical plane through a ridgeline of a pitched roof to produce a building of conventional configuration.
  • Such fabricated and modular buildings have not met with widespread success outside a few niches, such as site cabins. For example, they generally are not as well insulated as a conventional brick building with a cavity wall.
  • a modular building of one or more storeys assembled from a plurality of building modules, wherein the or each storey of the building comprises three substantially identical building shell modules arranged to enclose a building core module, said building core module has a triangular plan form, each of the three building shell modules being mounted directly to the building core module and to the other two building shell modules of the respective storey, and the three building shell modules together defining outer wall means for the storey.
  • a single common core module comprises the core module for the or each storey of the building.
  • the core module comprises an elongate body of triangular symmetry with its longitudinal axis aligned vertically in use.
  • Each shell module of a storey is preferably contiguous with each other shell module of said storey.
  • the shell modules of the building define between them a substantially cylindrical outer wall of the building.
  • Each shell module preferably has a plan profile comprising a sector of a circle truncated by removal of an apex of the sector.
  • each shell module comprises ceiling means and floor means having said plan profile, and is bounded laterally by curved outer wall means, straight inner wall means and two open radial faces, each of which extend vertically between the respective perimeters of the ceiling means and the floor means.
  • the curved outer wall may then follow the respective circumferential portion of said profile.
  • the straight inner wall may then follow the truncation surface of said profile.
  • each module may comprise a curved horizontal member extending along its top and bottom edges, with a plurality of vertical members extending between them.
  • the curved outer wall may further comprise a plurality of curved horizontal members mounted to the vertical members,
  • the curved outer wall may further comprise a non-structural outer layer mounted to the members of the wall, optionally to the horizontal members of the wall.
  • Each of the floor means and the ceiling means of the shell module may comprise a plurality of joist means extending horizontally between the inner and outer walls
  • the core module may be adapted for passage through the module of building services such as electricity, water, gas and/or telecommunications.
  • the core module may have building services lines extending through it, said service lines comprising one or more selected from cabling for electricity, cabling for telecommunications, pipework for water and pipework for gas.
  • the building is preferably provided with a roof comprising a plurality of panel means radiating outwardly from adjacent a substantially central point, each said panel means being so upwardly angled that a perimeter of the roof is at a higher level than said central point.
  • the roof may be provided with collection means adjacent said generally central point adapted to collect rainwater flowing off said panel means.
  • Each panel of the roof may extend laterally beyond a wall of the building beneath it.
  • the roof may be provided with solar panel means, optionally with each panel means of the roof supporting respective solar panel means.
  • the building is mounted on support means, raising it above a local ground surface.
  • the building is mounted on a plurality of pile means.
  • Said pile means may comprise screw pile means.
  • the building is constructed substantially from wood.
  • Some or all of said wood may comprise plywood and/or other composite materials comprising wood, including oriented strand board (OSB).
  • OSB oriented strand board
  • each outer surface of the building is backed with a layer of thermal insulation, such as polyurethane foam.
  • a method for constructing a modular building comprising the steps of providing three shell modules each having a plan profile comprising a sector of a circle truncated by removal of an apex sector; providing a core module comprising an elongate body of triangular symmetry with its longitudinal axis aligned vertically in use, adapted for the passage through the module of building services, said building services comprising electricity, water, gas and/or telecommunications; and mounting the shell modules around the core module such that each face of the core module is in contact with a face of a respective shell module, and each shell module also contacts each other shell module.
  • the method also comprises the step of providing a roof comprising a plurality of panel means radiating outwardly from adjacent a substantially central point, each said panel means being so upwardly angled that a perimeter of the roof is at a higher level than said central point; and mounting said roof to the assembled shell and core modules.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of a modular building embodying the present invention, illustrating an underlying principle of its construction
  • Figures 2A and 2B are alternative perspective views of an outer structural module for an upper storey of a building, embodying the present invention
  • Figures 3A and 3B are alternative perspective views of an outer structural module for a lower storey of a building, embodying the present invention
  • Figures 3C and 3D are a perspective view of the outer structural module of Figures 3A and 3B, and an enlarged scrap view thereof to show constructional details;
  • Figures 4A and 4B are alternative perspective views of the outer structural module of Figures 2A/2B, the outer structural module of Figures 3A/3B and an inner structural module embodying the present invention, assembled together;
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of three outer structural modules as in Figures 2A/2B, three outer structural modules as in Figures 3A/3B and one inner structural module as in Figure 4A/4B, assembled to form a basic structure of a building embodying the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of the basic structure of a building as in Figure 5, with a roof structure embodying the present invention and a plurality of supporting piles mounted thereto;
  • Figure 7 is a scrap sectional view of an upper portion of a outer structural module as in Figures 2A/2B and a portion of a roof structure as in Figure 6 mounted thereto;
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of the basic structure, roof structure and supporting piles of Figure 6, with an outer wall skin in place around the basic structure;
  • Figure 9 is a plan view from above of the roof structure of Figure 6;
  • Figure 10 is an example floor plan for a lower storey of the building of Figures 5, 6 and Figure 11 is an example floor plan for an upper storey of the building of Figures 5, 6, and 8.
  • a building 1 embodying the present invention may comprise one, two or more storeys, but each storey essentially comprises three substantially identical outer structural modules 2, surrounding an inner structural module 3.
  • These structural modules 2, 3 are produced in a suitable factory or works, are transported to a building site (for example on a flat-bed lorry, low-loader or the like) and are assembled to create the building 1 on-site.
  • each outer structural module 2 has the plan form of a 120° sector of a circle, truncated by removal of its apex.
  • the inner structural module 3 has an equilateral triangular plan form. Each face of the inner structural module 3 matches up precisely with a truncated face of a respective outer structural module 2.
  • the outer structural modules 3 each have a pair of radial faces joining their truncated face and their outer curved face and each radial face of each outer structural module 2 matches up exactly with a radial face of each of the other two outer structural modules 2.
  • the three outer structural modules 2 thus completely surround the inner structure module 3, and the curved outer faces of the three outer structural modules 2 together define an outer wall of the building 1.
  • Figures 2 A and 2B show a first outer structural module 12 for an upper storey of a modular building 11, which has the same plan form as the outer structural modules 2 above.
  • a curved outer wall of the module 12 is defined by a curved upper beam 14, a correspondingly curved lower beam 15, and a regularly-spaced series of vertical studs or posts 16 extending between the upper and lower curved beams 14, 15.
  • a further series of narrow curved rails 17 extend horizontally, parallel to the upper and lower curved beams 14, 15 and contacting an outer edge of each vertical stud 16, further defining the curvature of the outer wall.
  • the upper curved beam 14 has a greater height than the lower curved beam 15, and extends above the remainder of the module 12. This is to support a roof structure of the building 11, as shown in more detail in Figure 7 below.
  • the upper curved beam 14 acts as a combination wall plate and eaves
  • the lower curved beam 15 acts as a girding beam or bressumer, in terms of a traditional timber- framed building structure.
  • An inner flat wall 18 marks the truncated edge of the plan form of the module 12.
  • a fan of primary floor joists 19 radiate outwardly from a base beam 20 that extends along a bottom edge of the inner wall 18, across the module to the lower curved beam 15.
  • a series of thinner secondary floor joists 21 extend across an upper surface of the fan of primary floor joists 19, parallelly to the base beam 20.
  • a fan of primary ceiling joists 22 radiates outwardly from a top beam 23 that extends along a top edge of the inner wall 18, across the module 12 to a lower portion of the upper curved beam 14.
  • a series of thinned secondary ceiling joists 24 extend across a lower surface of the fan of primary ceiling joists 22, parallelly to the top beam 23.
  • the upper and lower curved beams 14, 15 are here shown as shaped thick plywood members.
  • the inner wall 18 is a light plywood sheet, with thicker plywood base and top beams 20, 23 mounted top and bottom.
  • the vertical studs 16 and the primary floor and ceiling joists 19, 22 are timber or plywood, but are preferably plywood to facilitate the formation of multiple elongate apertures 25 in them (see below).
  • the curved rails 17 and the secondary floor and ceiling joists 21, 24 are timber. These components are fastened together by conventional timber screws and glued. The components may also be jointed to other components where beneficial, using conventional woodworking techniques.
  • OSB oriented strand board
  • This can be used in structural members, such as the studs 16 and the floor and ceiling joists 19, 21, 22, 24, and can also be used in sheets, for example replacing plywood for the inner wall 18.
  • OSB can freely be glued, screwed and/or jointed as for timber.
  • the upper and lower curved beams 14, 15 may also be made using OSB as an improvement on plywood, but a particularly useful system appears to be combine a wood composite such as OSB with "elasto polymer steel". This is more precisely definable as a flexible polyurethane cast elastomer composite. The result has an excellent balance of strength, lightness, toughness and cost-effectiveness when used in the components of the structure, such as beams, requiring the highest performance.
  • the elongate apertures 25 formed extending longitudinally of each stud 16 and primary joist 19, 22 have several purposes.
  • the inner and outer edges of the studs 16 define an inner and outer surface of the outer wall of the building 11.
  • This cavity is filled with injected and sprayed conventional polyurethane insulating foam, and the apertures 25 allow the foam to flow freely throughout the cavity, filling it evenly and preventing cold bridging.
  • the upper and lower edges of the primary floor joists 19, and the upper and lower edges of the primary ceiling joists 22, will also define enclosed cavities in the finished building 11.
  • the cavity defined by the primary ceiling joists 22 will be insulated with polyurethane foam in the same fashion, since it will become part of the outer skin of the building 11 (the insulation here corresponds generally to loft insulation in a conventional building).
  • the cavity defined by the primary floor joists need not be insulated, as it will adjoin a further module below.
  • the apertures 25 then allow service pipework, cabling and the like to be conveniently run through this floor space.
  • Figures 3A and 3B show a second outer structural module 32 for a lower storey of a modular building 11, which has the same plan form as the outer structural modules 2 and 12 above.
  • a curved outer wall of the module 32 is defined by a curved upper beam 34 and a correspondingly curved lower beam 35.
  • a regularly-spaced series of vertical studs or posts 16 extend between the upper and lower curved beams 34, 35, as in the first outer structural module 12 above, and a further series of narrow curved rails 17 extend horizontally, as in the first outer structural module 12, parallel to the upper and lower curved beams 34, 35 and contacting an outer edge of each vertical stud 16, further defining the curvature of the outer wall.
  • the module 32 also comprises an inner wall 18 with base and top beams 20, 23, from which extend fans of primary floor joists 19 and primary ceiling joists 22, as in the first outer structural module 12, above.
  • secondary floor joists 21 and secondary ceiling joists 24 respectively extend parallelly to the base beam 20 across an upper surface of the fan of primary floor joists 19 and extend parallelly to the top beam 23 across a lower surface of the fan of primary ceiling joists 22.
  • first outer structural module 12 and the second outer structural module 32 The main difference between the first outer structural module 12 and the second outer structural module 32 is that the upper curved beam 34 does not extend higher than the primary ceiling joists 22, since it does not need to act as eaves for the roofing structure.
  • the upper curved beam 34 is thus more of a girding beam in conventional terms. If this second structural module 32 is used in the lower/lowest floor of the building 11, then its lower curved beam 35 acts as a sill beam in conventional terms. Additionally, although the wall structure of this second module 32 will be insulated as for the first module 12, its ceiling structure will not need to be insulated, but its floor structure will need to be.
  • Figure 3C is a perspective view to clarify the location (within circle 3D) of the scrap view Figure 3D relative to the second outer structural module 32.
  • Figure 3D shows structural features of the second module 32 in more detail.
  • the curved rails 17 are simply screwed and glued to an outer edge of each stud 16, leaving an outer surface of each rail 17 level with an outer surface of the lower curved beam 35.
  • the secondary floor joists 21 are let into rebates, formed in an upper surface of the primary floor joists 19 where they cross with the secondary floor joists 21, such that the upper surfaces of the primary and secondary floor joists 19, 21 are flush.
  • Figure 3D also shows how the lower ends of the studs 16 are rebated to fit around the profile of the lower curved beam 35; a similar rebate is formed at the upper ends of the studs 16 to fit around the profile of the upper curved beam 34.
  • Figure 3D further shows how the studs 16 and the primary floor joists 19 are aligned.
  • Each primary floor joist 19 meets the curved lower beam 35 radially, immediately adjacent the lower end of a respective stud 16, to which it is fastened for additional strength and rigidity.
  • each primary ceiling joist 22 meets the curved upper beam 34 radially, immediately adjacent the upper end of a respective stud 16, to which it is fastened (NB: not visible in Figures 3C and 3D).
  • Figures 4 A and 4B show how the outer structural modules 12, 32 are mounted to an inner structural module 13 of the building 11.
  • the first outer structural module 12 and the second outer structural module 32 are as shown in Figures 2 A and 2B and Figures 3 A to 3D respectively.
  • the inner structural module 13 comprises a central post or pillar 36, to which are mounted three triangular support frames 37, each extending horizontally, one at a top of the post 36, one at a foot of the post 36, and one slightly below half way up the post 36.
  • Each support frame 37 comprises three support struts 38 extending to respective apices of an equilateral triangle formed by three mounting struts 39, each strut 38, 39 extending in a vertical plane.
  • a mounting tab 40 extends outwardly from each apex of the support frame 37.
  • Floor/ceiling panels 41 will usually be fitted across the upper and lower surfaces of the support struts 38 and mounting struts 39 at an optional stage of assembly, but only a lowest floor panel 41 is here shown, mounted to the lowest of the support frames 38, for clarity.
  • Each mounting strut 39 matches up exactly with a respective inner wall 18 of an adjacent outer structural module 12, 32, either at the top of the respective inner wall 18, opposite the respective top beam 23, or at the bottom of the respective inner wall 18, opposite the respective base beam 20.
  • Each mounting tab 40 then extends alongside a respective primary ceiling joist 22 or primary floor joist 19.
  • the mounting strut 39 is fastened to the inner wall 18 with timber screws/bolts and adhesive, and the mounting tab 40 is fastened to the primary ceiling or floor joist 22, 19 similarly.
  • the respective first and second outer structural modules 12, 32 are also fastened to each other using the same methods. Note: the support frame 37 slightly below halfway up the post 36 is mounted to the inner wall 18 and primary ceiling joists 22 of the second (lower) outer structural module 32 for convenience, since the second (lower) outer structural module 32 will be mounted to the inner structural module 13 first, before the first (upper) outer structural module 12 is mounted to both.
  • an additional support frame 37 is provided to be mounted to a base of the inner wall 18 and to the primary floor joists 19 of the first (upper) outer structural module 12, or a support frame 37 of double height is provided, to be mounted to both outer structural modules 12, 32.
  • the inner structural module 13 is made entirely of timber, plywood and/or OSB, (except for fastenings).
  • Figure 5 shows a basic structure of the modular building 11, assembled from an inner structural module 13, three first (upper) outer structural modules 12 and three second (lower) outer structural modules 32, one of which is concealed in this view.
  • the curved beams 14, 15, 34, 35, the vertical studs 16 and the curved horizontal rails 17 defining a "drum” or cylindrical outer wall of the building 11, and the primary and secondary floor and ceiling joists 19, 21, 22, 24 defining floors and ceilings of the building 11, there is an almost uninterrupted open space within each storey of the building, except for the inner walls 18 of each outer structural module 12, 32, which between them now enclose the inner structural module 13.
  • the inner walls 18 are necessary for the strength and rigidity of the individual outer structural modules 12, 32 during manufacture, transport and assembly, but once the basic structure of the building 11 is complete, they are no longer essential.
  • the inner walls 18 may then each be removed, either partially or leaving only those top and bottom portions mounted to the inner structural module 13 or to the primary floor/ceiling joists 19, 22. How far this is carried out depends on the internal layouts desired for the building.
  • a major function of the inner structural module 13 is to contain pipework and cabling for services such as water, electricity, telecommunications, TV, gas and so forth. These services can radiate outwardly from the inner structural module 13 to where they are needed, via the ceiling and floor spaces defined by the primary floor/ceiling joists 19, 22, passing through the apertures 25 in the primary joists 19, 22 as necessary.
  • Figure 6 shows a further stage of assembly, with a roof 42 fitted to the basic structure of the building 11. It also shows a further preferred feature of this embodiment of the invention, in that the building 11 is mounted on piles or stilts and the entire basic structure of the building 11 is thus held off the ground (details below).
  • the roof 42 comprises a circular array of wedge-shaped roof panels 43 defining an opening or oculus 44 at a centre of the roof 42 located above the inner structural module 13.
  • Each panel 43 slopes downwardly from its circumferential end towards the central opening 44; the circumference of the roof 42 extends out beyond the cylinder defined by the curved beams 14, 15, 34, 35 of the basic structure.
  • the roof 42 may also be used to support solar panels 45.
  • each roof panel 43 may support a solar panel 45; solar panels 45 matching the size and shape of the roof panels 43 may be sourced and used, or one or more conventional rectangular solar panels may be fitted on to the roof panel 43, covering as much as possible of its upper surface. Due to the relatively shallow slope of the roof panels 43, direct sunlight should fall on every solar panel 45 except close to dawn and dusk, and their arrangement means that there will always be some solar panels 45 aligned favourably with the sun. The energy that can be collected will still depend on the weather, but will not be as variable, through the day, as a set of solar panels in a fixed alignment on a flat face of a conventional pitched roof.
  • the electrical energy collected by the solar panels 45 may be stored in an electrical accumulator or other electrical storage system within the building 11, for use as required. It might also be possible to collect more electrical power than is required within the building 11, allowing sale of an excess to mains electricity suppliers.
  • FIG. 6 also shows that the building 11 is intended to be constructed above ground level, leaving a crawlspace 300-600mm high between the building 11 and the ground surface.
  • the building 11 has been assembled on top of a set of nine screw piles 46.
  • Six of these screw piles 46 are screwed into the ground in a hexagonal array to support the circumference of the building, ideally being located at equally-spaced points beneath the curved lower beams 34 of each structural module of the lowest storey of the building 11.
  • the other three screw piles 46 are in an equilateral triangular array, ideally located beneath the apices of the triangular support frames 37 of the inner structural module 13.
  • the relatively low mass of timber construction compared to traditional brick, means that it is much easier to support a building 11 above the ground than for conventional buildings. This arrangement saves the need to dig conventional foundations. If the ground surface is not as solid as desired, further bracing piles 47 can be fitted.
  • FIG. 7 shows the structure of the roof 42, and its interaction with the first (upper) outer structural modules 12, in more detail.
  • the upper curved beam 14 of the first outer structural module 12 extends significantly above the primary ceiling joists 22. This allows the circumferential ends of the roof panels 43 to be supported at a higher level than their inner ends, located on top of the inner structural element 13 (itself level with the primary ceiling joists 22), producing a desired net inwards slope for the roof panels 43.
  • the roof panels 43 can be mounted securely to an upper edge of the upper curved beam 14, all around the circumference of the roof 42.
  • the space between the roof 42 and the primary ceiling joists 22 may be left as an air space or filled with further insulating foam, as preferred.
  • Figure 7 also shows one further stage of construction of the building 11.
  • the wall structure made up of curved beams 14, 15, 34, 35, vertical studs 16 and curved rails 17 needs to be finished with an actual continuous wall surface.
  • this wall surface was envisaged as being made up of a large number of generally flat, long, narrow sheets of plywood, each extending the full height of the wall, but covering only a small proportion of its circumference. It is has proven possible to make much larger sheets of plywood, but which can be shaped into part-cylindrical form, and these can be used to produce an outer wall skin 50 for the building 11.
  • this outer wall skin 50 is relatively thin (it does not need to contribute significantly to structural integrity or insulation) and is supported on an outer surface of the curved beams 14, 15, 34, 35 and an outer surface of the horizontal curved rails 17.
  • flat or curved sheets of OSB may replace this plywood skin 50.
  • an apparently continuous outer wall skin 50 wraps around the entire basic structure of the building 11, producing a neat, cylindrical building form, with a slightly concave circular roof 42, overhanging the outer wall skin 50, as shown also in Figure 9.
  • the outer wall skin 50 will not be entirely continuous in practice. Doors and windows can easily be fitted to suitable apertures formed in the skin 50, their positioning being almost wholly to taste.
  • the skin 50 makes very little contribution to the strength and rigidity of the structure of the building 11; the same applies to the curved rails 17. Apertures for doors and windows can be located to fit between the vertical studs 16, but the strength and rigidity of the basic structure, once fully assembled, would allow portions of selected studs 16 to be cut away, for larger apertures or where an exact location of an aperture for a door or window is required.
  • Figures 10 and 11 show typical examples of a finished internal layout for buildings 11 embodying the present invention, showing a lower ("ground”) floor and an upper floor respectively.
  • the flexibility of these buildings 11 is shown by locating sleeping quarters on the lower floor ( Figure 10) and living quarters on the upper floor ( Figure 11).
  • windows formed through the wall skin 50 are shown by the conventional cross symbol 51, while an entrance doorway on the lower floor is shown by triangular symbol 52.
  • the studs 16 are also shown as context for these fittings (in Figure 10 only).
  • the balconies 54 are bolted to the wall of the structure; since they are arranged one above the other, they are also linked to each other and to the overhanging roof 42 by vertical tie-rods (not shown).
  • An access ramp (not shown) is provided, curling up from ground level to a landing outside the entrance door 52.
  • the floors are connected by a flight of stairs 55 following the curve of an inner surface of the wall.
  • non-load-bearing walls have been inserted to divide the circular space into an entrance hall 56, three bedrooms 57, one with en-suite bathroom 58, and a separate bathroom/WC 59.
  • One inner wall 18 of an outer structural module 32 has been left in place, but the other two have been removed.
  • Just over a third of the inner structural module 13 has been partitioned off for services, the remainder being incorporated into one bedroom 57 and the entrance hall 56.
  • services such as water to the bathrooms 58, 59 and electricity to all rooms can be run out from the services in the inner structural module 13, within the floor space between the primary floor joists 19.
  • This arrangement provides the entrance hall 56 with roughly 39 m of floor space, the bedrooms 57 with about 38m 2 , 28 m 2 , and 21m 2 respectively, and the en-suite bathroom 58 with just under 10 m 2 , all perfectly reasonably sized rooms.
  • non-load bearing walls have been fitted to divide the circular space into a kitchen area 60, a dining and family area 61 and a living area 62.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un bâtiment modulaire (1, 11) qui est réalisé à partir de modules de bâtiment produits en usine (2, 3, 12, 13, 32) qui sont assemblés sur place. Chaque étage du bâtiment (1, 11) est constitué de trois modules de bâtiment extérieurs (2, 12, 32) et d'un module de bâtiment intérieur triangulaire (3, 13) ; idéalement, un seul module de bâtiment intérieur commun (13) s'étend à travers chaque étage. Les trois modules de bâtiment extérieurs (2, 12, 32) renferment le module de bâtiment intérieur (3, 13) et forment ensemble une paroi extérieure cylindrique du bâtiment (1, 11). Les modules de bâtiment (12, 13, 34) peuvent être réalisés presque entièrement à partir de bois, sous la forme de matériaux à base de bois composite et de bois d'œuvre coupé, tels qu'un panneau contreplaqué ou de copeaux orientés. Toutes les faces extérieures du bâtiment (11) sont imbibées avec une mousse de polyuréthanne à l'intérieur d'une enveloppe (50) de contreplaqué ou d'autres matériaux à base de bois composite. Le bâtiment (11) a un toit (42) qui s'incline vers le bas, depuis son bord extérieur, jusqu'à une ouverture centrale (44) qui permet de collecter l'eau de pluie en vue d'une élimination ou utilisation. Le toit (42) est réalisé à partir de multiples panneaux rayonnants (43), qui fournissent un excellent support pour des panneaux solaires (45). Le bâtiment (11) est soutenu légèrement au-dessus du sol sur un ensemble de pieux à vis (46). Une partie ou la totalité du module de bâtiment intérieur (3, 13) agit comme conduit pour des services de construction ; le reste d'un volume intérieur du bâtiment (11) peut être divisé en combinaisons de pièces, selon les besoins, comme des couloirs (56), des chambres (57), des salles de bains (58, 59), une cuisine (60), une salle à manger (61) et des espaces de vie (62).
PCT/GB2016/000067 2015-04-01 2016-03-30 Bâtiment modulaire Ceased WO2016156778A1 (fr)

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GB1505683.1A GB2523915B (en) 2015-04-01 2015-04-01 Modular building
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WO2020077407A1 (fr) * 2018-10-17 2020-04-23 Fred's Tiny Houses Pty Ltd Construction d'une petite maison sur roues
CN115652995A (zh) * 2022-10-28 2023-01-31 中建八局轨道交通建设有限公司 一种车辆检修基地工程总体施工方法
CN116641476A (zh) * 2023-06-12 2023-08-25 中建一局集团建设发展有限公司 叠合式布局、具有双环交通的展馆建筑体系及施工方法

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CN112049232B (zh) * 2020-07-21 2022-02-25 中建二局装饰工程有限公司 一种弧形构筑物结构及其施工方法
TR2021017219A2 (tr) * 2021-11-05 2021-11-22 Iki Mimar Mimarlik Insaat Taahhuet Ticaret Ltd Sirketi Modüler ahşap yapi si̇stemi̇ ve bu si̇steme ai̇t bi̇rleşti̇rme parçalari
CN114718188B (zh) * 2022-05-05 2023-10-03 合肥天启创展科技有限责任公司 公共场馆类绿色建筑表皮系统

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US4612741A (en) * 1982-10-20 1986-09-23 Jacobson Clayton J Radially segmented plastic building
DE202008006496U1 (de) * 2008-05-07 2009-06-18 Hennig, Andreas Martin Mehrzweck-Containergebäude in runder Bauform

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020077407A1 (fr) * 2018-10-17 2020-04-23 Fred's Tiny Houses Pty Ltd Construction d'une petite maison sur roues
CN115652995A (zh) * 2022-10-28 2023-01-31 中建八局轨道交通建设有限公司 一种车辆检修基地工程总体施工方法
CN116641476A (zh) * 2023-06-12 2023-08-25 中建一局集团建设发展有限公司 叠合式布局、具有双环交通的展馆建筑体系及施工方法
CN116641476B (zh) * 2023-06-12 2025-07-25 中建一局集团建设发展有限公司 叠合式布局、具有双环交通的展馆建筑体系及施工方法

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GB201505683D0 (en) 2015-05-13
GB2523915B (en) 2016-02-03

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