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WO2016030095A1 - Bipolar plate and fuel cell - Google Patents

Bipolar plate and fuel cell Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016030095A1
WO2016030095A1 PCT/EP2015/067030 EP2015067030W WO2016030095A1 WO 2016030095 A1 WO2016030095 A1 WO 2016030095A1 EP 2015067030 W EP2015067030 W EP 2015067030W WO 2016030095 A1 WO2016030095 A1 WO 2016030095A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bipolar plate
outlet
channels
channel
flow field
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2015/067030
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Christian Martin ZILLICH
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volkswagen AG
Original Assignee
Volkswagen AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen AG filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Publication of WO2016030095A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016030095A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/0265—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bipolar plate and a fuel cell comprising at least one such bipolar plate.
  • Fuel cells use the chemical transformation of a fuel with oxygen to water to generate electrical energy.
  • fuel cells contain as core component the so-called membrane electrode assembly (MEA for membrane electrode assembly), which is a composite of an ion-conducting (usually proton-conducting) membrane and in each case a membrane disposed on both sides of the electrode (anode and cathode).
  • MEA membrane electrode assembly
  • GDL gas diffusion layers
  • the fuel cell is formed by a multiplicity of stacked MEAs whose electrical powers add up.
  • bipolar plates also called flow field plates
  • the bipolar plates provide an electrically conductive contact to the membrane-electrode assemblies.
  • the fuel in particular hydrogen H 2 or a hydrogen-containing gas mixture
  • the fuel is supplied to the anode via an anode-side open flow field of the bipolar plate, where an electrochemical oxidation of H 2 to H + takes place with emission of electrons.
  • an electrochemical oxidation of H 2 to H + takes place with emission of electrons.
  • Via the membrane which separates the reaction spaces gas-tight from each other and electrically isolated, takes place (water-bound or anhydrous) transport of protons H + from the anode compartment in the cathode compartment.
  • the electrons provided at the anode are supplied to the cathode via an electrical line.
  • the cathode is supplied via a cathode-side open flow field of the bipolar plate oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas mixture (for example, air), so that a reduction of 0 2 to O 2 " under
  • Oxygen anions with the protons transported across the membrane to form water Achieve through the direct conversion of chemical into electrical energy Fuel cells compared to other electricity generators due to the circumvention of the Carnot factor improved efficiency.
  • the supply and discharge of the operating media takes place via inlet and outlet distribution structures.
  • Each flow field is assigned in each case two such distribution structures, which serve the inlet and the outlet of the respective equipment.
  • the flow field of a bipolar plate is formed in a plane so that all the flow field channels of the flow field have the same length.
  • the flow field channels may have the same channel cross-sectional area. This is described for example in the document DE 10 2006 005 339 A1.
  • inlet channels and outlet channels usually have the same cross-section.
  • different flow field channels sometimes have different lengths of inlet channels and different lengths of outlet channels.
  • the bipolar plate In the flow field channels of the bipolar plate, it may come during operation to form water in the liquid state, which can close the affected flow field channels, so that these flow field channels can not be flowed through and the effectiveness of the bipolar plate is limited. After completion of the operation, the water can freeze under appropriate boundary conditions, this can lead to damage to the fuel cell.
  • fuel cell stacks can be operated such that the flow field channels run vertically parallel to the direction of gravity. Then the water can be discharged by gravity from the river field. Main channels of the fuel cell stacks, which supply the flow fields with the media, then usually run horizontally, ie perpendicular to the direction of gravity. If much water accumulates in the main drainage channel, capillary force can still be used to occlude
  • the patent DE 10 2009 040 786 B3 deals with a gas distributor for the passive discharge of water from the gas distribution channels of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. By means of fluidic vias, a passive water discharge from channels via capillary forces.
  • the published patent application DE 2005 057 045 A1 describes a collecting area and a Distribution area of a bipolar plate, which are formed asymmetrically to allow a better water discharge.
  • the present invention is based on the object to further improve the discharge of water.
  • a bipolar plate according to claim 1 for a fuel cell and a fuel cell according to claim 10 is presented, which comprises the bipolar plate according to the invention.
  • the presented bipolar plate comprises at least one profiled flow field with flow field channels.
  • Each of the flow field channels includes an outlet channel which opens into a main outlet channel, wherein the main outlet channel opens at an edge of an outlet opening into the outlet opening of the bipolar plate.
  • the bipolar plate is characterized in that a width of the main outlet passage increases monotonically from a first outermost exhaust port to a second outermost exhaust port, the second outermost exhaust port opens into the main port closer to the edge of the exhaust port than the first outermost exhaust port.
  • the increasing width of the main outlet channel improves the water discharge.
  • the width increases continuously.
  • the water discharge is then particularly effective.
  • the width may also increase discontinuously at at least one stage.
  • the outlet channels can be of different lengths.
  • an associated inlet channel can then be present for each of the flow field channels, the shorter the longer the associated outlet channel. Then the pressure loss across each composite channel can be similar or equal.
  • Inlet channels are the same and hydraulic diameters of the outlet channels are different. Of two outlet channels, the longer one has a smaller hydraulic diameter than the shorter one.
  • the bipolar plate may be rectangular. This is advantageous in the manufacture and / or use of a fuel cell made using the bipolar plate.
  • the flow field channels may extend parallel to one another in a first direction, wherein in an arrangement of the bipolar plate in a manner in which the first direction is vertical and the outlet channels are arranged below the flow field channels, the main outlet channel has a slope towards the outlet opening.
  • Water in the flow field can then be driven by gravity first to flow into the outlet channels and then into the main outlet channel and finally discharged via the outlet opening.
  • the outlet channels may extend parallel to each other in a second direction, wherein the second direction may not be perpendicular and not parallel to the first direction. Another edge of the outlet opening may be perpendicular to the first direction. This allows a material and / or space-saving production of the bipolar plate in a rectangular shape.
  • the fuel cell presented according to the invention comprises at least one membrane-electrode unit and at least one bipolar plate, as proposed according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a bipolar plate according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of the bipolar plate shown in FIG. 1, and FIG.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows an alternative embodiment of the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a bipolar plate according to the invention.
  • the bipolar plate 100 comprises a rectangular flow field 120 with flow field channels 121 and a triangular outlet distribution structure with outlet channels 131, 132, 133, of which one each belongs to one of the flow field channels 121.
  • a triangular inlet distribution structure comprises an associated inlet channel 161 via which the respective flow field channel 121 is connected to a main inlet channel.
  • the outlet channels 131, 132, 133 open at a first side of a Hauptauslasskanals 140 in the
  • the main outlet channel 140 in turn opens at an edge 151 of an outlet opening in the outlet opening.
  • the main inlet duct allows the supply of media via an inlet opening having an edge at which the main inlet duct begins.
  • the inlet structure and the main inlet channel may form an isosceles triangle, the base of which adjoins one of the shorter sides of the flow field 120.
  • the outlet channels 131, 132, 133 and the main outlet channel 140 may form an isosceles triangle, the base of which adjoins the other shorter side of the flow field 120.
  • the outlet opening may also be formed as a substantially isosceles triangle.
  • outlet openings form an outlet channel of the stack.
  • the flow field channels 121 run parallel to each other in a first direction R1, the
  • Outlet passages 131, 132, 133 extend parallel to each other in a second direction R2, which is not parallel and not perpendicular to the first direction R1.
  • the distance of a side of the main outlet channel 140 opposite the junctions of the outlet channels 131, 132, 133 from the junctions of the outlet channels 131, 132, 133 monotonously increases in the direction of the junction of the main outlet channel 140 into the outlet opening.
  • the width of the main exhaust passage 140 monotonically increases from a first outermost exhaust passage 131 to a second outermost exhaust passage 132.
  • the second outermost outlet channel 132 opens closer to the edge 151 of the outlet opening into the main channel than the first outermost outlet channel 131.
  • the increase is strictly monotonic, continuous and linear.
  • the increase is discontinuous at a stage 141.
  • Embodiments accumulate water which, in an arrangement of the bipolar plate 100 in a manner in which the first direction R1 runs perpendicular to the direction of gravity R3 and water as drops 170 from the outlet channels 131, 132, 133 into the main outlet channel 140 can flow due to gravity, the Water collects in a region of the main outlet channel 140, which is adjacent to the edge 151 of the outlet opening 150 and in which the outlet channels 131, 132, 133 are maximally spaced from the accumulated water 171. As a result, capillary-related reflux of water into the outlet channels 131, 132, 133 is largely prevented.
  • the length of the exhaust passages 131, 132, 133 increases monotonously from the first outermost exhaust passage 131 to the second outermost exhaust passage 132.
  • the increase in length is strictly monotonic, continuous and linear.
  • the length of the inlet channels 161 increases monotonously.
  • the inlet channel 161 is the longer the shorter the outlet channel 131, 132, 133 which belongs to the same flow field channel 121.
  • Flow field channel 121, associated inlet channel 161 and associated outlet channel 131, 132, 133 is the same in the embodiment, but it may also only be similar,
  • each of the inlet channels has a same hydraulic diameter.
  • Each of the exhaust ports has an individual hydraulic diameter that differs from the individual hydraulic diameters of the remaining exhaust ports.
  • the individual hydraulic diameters are matched to the individual channel lengths, so that the pressure loss in any outlet channel at a first mass flow is equal to the pressure loss at a second mass flow in an equally long inlet channel with the same hydraulic diameter, the difference between the second and the first Mass flow equal to the predetermined
  • Mass flow difference of belonging to the outlet channel flow field channel is.
  • a longer outlet channel has a smaller individual hydraulic diameter than a shorter outlet channel. This is shown by way of example in FIG.
  • each of the inlet channels has an individual hydraulic diameter that is different from the individual hydraulic diameters of the remaining inlet channels.
  • the individual hydraulic diameter is the smaller, the shorter the respective inlet channel.
  • Each of the outlet channels has a same hydraulic diameter. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a bipolar plate and a fuel cell. A bipolar plate (100) comprises at least one profiled flow field (120) with flow channels (121). Each flow field channel (121) is equipped with an outlet channel (131, 132, 133) which opens into a main outlet channel (140), and the main outlet channel (140) opens into an outlet opening (150) of the bipolar plate (100) at one side (151) of the outlet opening (150). The bipolar plate (100) is characterized in that a width of the main outlet channel (140) increases monotonously from a first outermost outlet channel (131) to a second outermost outlet channel (132). The second outermost outlet channel (132) opens into the main channel (140) closer to the side (151) of the outlet opening (150) than the first outermost outlet channel (131). The increasing width of the main outlet channel (140) improves the discharge of water.

Description

Beschreibung  description

Bipolarplatte und Brennstoffzelle Bipolar plate and fuel cell

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Bipolarplatte und eine Brennstoffzelle, die zumindest eine solche Bipolarplatte umfasst. The present invention relates to a bipolar plate and a fuel cell comprising at least one such bipolar plate.

Brennstoffzellen nutzen die chemische Umsetzung eines Brennstoffs mit Sauerstoff zu Wasser, um elektrische Energie zu erzeugen. Hierfür enthalten Brennstoffzellen als Kernkomponente die sogenannte Membran-Elektroden-Einheit (MEA für membrane electrode assembly), die ein Verbund aus einer ionenleitenden (meist protonenleitenden) Membran und jeweils einer beidseitig an der Membran angeordneten Elektrode (Anode und Kathode) ist. Zudem können Gasdiffusionslagen (GDL) beidseitig der Membran-Elektroden-Einheit an den der Membran abgewandten Seiten der Elektroden angeordnet sein. In der Regel wird die Brennstoffzelle durch eine Vielzahl im Stapel (stack) angeordneter MEAs gebildet, deren elektrische Leistungen sich addieren. Zwischen den einzelnen Membran-Elektroden-Einheiten sind in der Regel Bipolarplatten (auch Flussfeldplatten genannt) angeordnet, welche eine Versorgung der Einzelzellen mit den Betriebsmedien, also den Reaktanten, sicherstellen und üblicherweise auch der Kühlung dienen. Zudem sorgen die Bipolarplatten für einen elektrisch leitfähigen Kontakt zu den Membran-Elektroden-Einheiten. Fuel cells use the chemical transformation of a fuel with oxygen to water to generate electrical energy. For this purpose, fuel cells contain as core component the so-called membrane electrode assembly (MEA for membrane electrode assembly), which is a composite of an ion-conducting (usually proton-conducting) membrane and in each case a membrane disposed on both sides of the electrode (anode and cathode). In addition, gas diffusion layers (GDL) can be arranged on both sides of the membrane-electrode assembly on the sides of the electrodes facing away from the membrane. As a rule, the fuel cell is formed by a multiplicity of stacked MEAs whose electrical powers add up. Between the individual membrane electrode assemblies bipolar plates (also called flow field plates) are usually arranged, which ensure a supply of the individual cells with the operating media, ie the reactants, and usually also serve the cooling. In addition, the bipolar plates provide an electrically conductive contact to the membrane-electrode assemblies.

Im Betrieb der Brennstoffzelle wird der Brennstoff, insbesondere Wasserstoff H2 oder ein wasserstoffhaltiges Gasgemisch, über ein anodenseitiges offenes Flussfeld der Bipolarplatte der Anode zugeführt, wo eine elektrochemische Oxidation von H2 zu H+ unter Abgabe von Elektronen stattfindet. Über die Membran, welche die Reaktionsräume gasdicht voneinander trennt und elektrisch isoliert, erfolgt ein (wassergebundener oder wasserfreier) Transport der Protonen H+ aus dem Anodenraum in den Kathodenraum. Die an der Anode bereitgestellten Elektronen werden über eine elektrische Leitung der Kathode zugeleitet. Der Kathode wird über ein kathodenseitiges offenes Flussfeld der Bipolarplatte Sauerstoff oder ein sauerstoffhaltiges Gasgemisch (zum Beispiel Luft) zugeführt, sodass eine Reduktion von 02 zu O2" unter During operation of the fuel cell, the fuel, in particular hydrogen H 2 or a hydrogen-containing gas mixture, is supplied to the anode via an anode-side open flow field of the bipolar plate, where an electrochemical oxidation of H 2 to H + takes place with emission of electrons. Via the membrane, which separates the reaction spaces gas-tight from each other and electrically isolated, takes place (water-bound or anhydrous) transport of protons H + from the anode compartment in the cathode compartment. The electrons provided at the anode are supplied to the cathode via an electrical line. The cathode is supplied via a cathode-side open flow field of the bipolar plate oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas mixture (for example, air), so that a reduction of 0 2 to O 2 " under

Aufnahme der Elektronen stattfindet. Gleichzeitig reagieren im Kathodenraum die Recording of the electrons takes place. At the same time react in the cathode compartment

Sauerstoffanionen mit den über die Membran transportierten Protonen unter Bildung von Wasser. Durch die direkte Umsetzung von chemischer in elektrische Energie erzielen Brennstoffzellen gegenüber anderen Elektrizitätsgeneratoren aufgrund der Umgehung des Carnot-Faktors einen verbesserten Wirkungsgrad. Oxygen anions with the protons transported across the membrane to form water. Achieve through the direct conversion of chemical into electrical energy Fuel cells compared to other electricity generators due to the circumvention of the Carnot factor improved efficiency.

Die Zu- und Abfuhr der Betriebsmedien (Brennstoff, Sauerstoff und Kühlmittel) erfolgt über Ein- und Auslassverteilstrukturen. Jedem Flussfeld sind jeweils zwei solcher Verteilstrukturen zugeordnet, die dem Ein- beziehungsweise dem Auslass des jeweiligen Betriebsmittels dienen. The supply and discharge of the operating media (fuel, oxygen and coolant) takes place via inlet and outlet distribution structures. Each flow field is assigned in each case two such distribution structures, which serve the inlet and the outlet of the respective equipment.

Üblicherweise ist das Flussfeld einer Bipolarplatte in einer Ebene so ausgebildet, dass alle Flussfeldkanäle des Flussfeldes die gleiche Länge haben. Die Flussfeldkanäle können die gleiche Kanalquerschnittsfläche haben. Dies ist beispielsweise in der Druckschrift DE 10 2006 005 339 A1 beschrieben. Typically, the flow field of a bipolar plate is formed in a plane so that all the flow field channels of the flow field have the same length. The flow field channels may have the same channel cross-sectional area. This is described for example in the document DE 10 2006 005 339 A1.

Üblicherweise weisen zudem Einlasskanäle und Auslasskanäle den gleichen Querschnitt auf. Unterschiedliche Flussfeldkanäle weisen jedoch manchmal unterschiedlich lange Einlasskanäle und unterschiedlich lange Auslasskanäle auf. In addition, inlet channels and outlet channels usually have the same cross-section. However, different flow field channels sometimes have different lengths of inlet channels and different lengths of outlet channels.

In den Flussfeldkanälen der Bipolarplatte kann es während des Betriebs zur Bildung von Wasser im flüssigen Aggregatzustand kommen, welches die betroffenen Flussfeldkanäle verschließen kann, sodass diese Flussfeldkanäle nicht mehr durchströmt werden können und die Effektivität der Bipolarplatte eingeschränkt wird. Nach Beendigung des Betriebs kann das Wasser bei entsprechenden Randbedingungen gefrieren, dies kann zu Schäden an der Brennstoffzelle führen. In the flow field channels of the bipolar plate, it may come during operation to form water in the liquid state, which can close the affected flow field channels, so that these flow field channels can not be flowed through and the effectiveness of the bipolar plate is limited. After completion of the operation, the water can freeze under appropriate boundary conditions, this can lead to damage to the fuel cell.

Um diesem Effekt entgegenzuwirken, können Brennstoffzellstapel so betrieben werden, dass die Flussfeldkanäle vertikal also parallel zur Richtung der Schwerkraft verlaufen. Dann kann das Wasser durch die Schwerkraft aus dem Flussfeld ausgetragen werden. Hauptkanäle der Brennstoffzellstapel, die die Flussfelder mit den Medien versorgen, verlaufen dann meist horizontal also senkrecht zur Richtung der Schwerkraft. Sammelt sich nun im abführenden Hauptkanal viel Wasser an, kann es dennoch Kapillarkraft bedingt zum Verschluss von In order to counteract this effect, fuel cell stacks can be operated such that the flow field channels run vertically parallel to the direction of gravity. Then the water can be discharged by gravity from the river field. Main channels of the fuel cell stacks, which supply the flow fields with the media, then usually run horizontally, ie perpendicular to the direction of gravity. If much water accumulates in the main drainage channel, capillary force can still be used to occlude

Flussfeldkanälen kommen Flow field channels come

Die Patentschrift DE 10 2009 040 786 B3 beschäftigt sich mit einem Gasverteiler zum passiven Wasseraustrag aus den Gasverteilerkanälen von Polymerelektrolytmembranbrennstoffzellen. Mittels fluidischer Vias erfolgt ein passiver Wasseraustrag aus Kanälen über Kapillarkräfte. Die Offenlegungsschrift DE 2005 057 045 A1 beschreibt einen Sammelbereich und einen Verteilerbereich einer Bipolarplatte, die asymmetrisch ausgebildet sind, um einen besseren Wasseraustrag zu ermöglichen. The patent DE 10 2009 040 786 B3 deals with a gas distributor for the passive discharge of water from the gas distribution channels of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. By means of fluidic vias, a passive water discharge from channels via capillary forces. The published patent application DE 2005 057 045 A1 describes a collecting area and a Distribution area of a bipolar plate, which are formed asymmetrically to allow a better water discharge.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Wasseraustrag weiter zu verbessern. The present invention is based on the object to further improve the discharge of water.

Dazu wird erfindungsgemäß eine Bipolarplatte gemäß Anspruch 1 für eine Brennstoffzelle und eine Brennstoffzelle gemäß Anspruch 10 vorgestellt, die die erfindungsgemäße Bipolarplatte umfasst. For this purpose, a bipolar plate according to claim 1 for a fuel cell and a fuel cell according to claim 10 is presented, which comprises the bipolar plate according to the invention.

Die vorgestellte Bipolarplatte umfasst mindestens ein profiliertes Flussfeld mit Flussfeldkanälen. Zu jedem der Flussfeldkanäle gehört ein Auslasskanal, der in einen Hauptauslasskanal mündet, wobei der Hauptauslasskanal an einer Kante einer Auslassöffnung in die Auslassöffnung der Bipolarplatte mündet. Die Bipolarplatte ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Breite des Hauptauslasskanals von einem ersten äußersten Auslasskanal zu einem zweiten äußersten Auslasskanal monoton zunimmt, wobei der zweite äußerste Auslasskanal näher an der Kante der Auslassöffnung in den Hauptkanal mündet als der erste äußerste Auslasskanal. The presented bipolar plate comprises at least one profiled flow field with flow field channels. Each of the flow field channels includes an outlet channel which opens into a main outlet channel, wherein the main outlet channel opens at an edge of an outlet opening into the outlet opening of the bipolar plate. The bipolar plate is characterized in that a width of the main outlet passage increases monotonically from a first outermost exhaust port to a second outermost exhaust port, the second outermost exhaust port opens into the main port closer to the edge of the exhaust port than the first outermost exhaust port.

Die zunehmende Breite des Hauptauslasskanals verbessert den Wasseraustrag. The increasing width of the main outlet channel improves the water discharge.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform nimmt die Breite kontinuierlich zu. Der Wasseraustrag ist dann besonders effektiv. In a preferred embodiment, the width increases continuously. The water discharge is then particularly effective.

Die Breite kann aber auch an zumindest einer Stufe diskontinuierlich zunehmen. However, the width may also increase discontinuously at at least one stage.

Die Auslasskanäle können unterschiedlich lang sein. Insbesondere kann dann zu jedem der Flussfeldkanäle ein zugehöriger Einlasskanal vorhanden sein, der desto kürzer ist, je länger der zugehörige Auslasskanal ist. Dann kann der Druckverlust über jeden zusammengesetzten Kanal ähnlich oder gleich sein. Insbesondere können hydraulische Durchmesser der The outlet channels can be of different lengths. In particular, an associated inlet channel can then be present for each of the flow field channels, the shorter the longer the associated outlet channel. Then the pressure loss across each composite channel can be similar or equal. In particular, hydraulic diameters of the

Einlasskanäle gleich sein und hydraulische Durchmesser der Auslasskanäle unterschiedlich sein. Wobei von zwei Auslasskanälen der jerweils längere einen geringeren hydraulischen Durchmesser hat als der jeweils kürzere. Inlet channels are the same and hydraulic diameters of the outlet channels are different. Of two outlet channels, the longer one has a smaller hydraulic diameter than the shorter one.

Die Bipolarplatte kann rechteckig ausgeführt sein. Dies ist vorteilhaft in der Herstellung und/oder der Verwendung einer Brennstoffzelle, die mithilfe der Bipolarplatte hergestellt ist. Die Flussfeldkanäle können parallel zueinander in eine erste Richtung verlaufen, wobei bei einer Anordnung der Bipolarplatte in einer Weise, in der die erste Richtung vertikal verläuft und die Auslasskanäle unterhalb der Flussfeldkanäle angeordnet sind, der Hauptauslasskanal ein Gefälle hin zur Auslassöffnung aufweist. The bipolar plate may be rectangular. This is advantageous in the manufacture and / or use of a fuel cell made using the bipolar plate. The flow field channels may extend parallel to one another in a first direction, wherein in an arrangement of the bipolar plate in a manner in which the first direction is vertical and the outlet channels are arranged below the flow field channels, the main outlet channel has a slope towards the outlet opening.

Wasser im Flussfeld kann dann Schwerkraft getrieben zuerst in die Auslasskanäle und dann in den Hauptauslasskanal fließen und schließlich über die Auslassöffnung ausgetragen werden. Water in the flow field can then be driven by gravity first to flow into the outlet channels and then into the main outlet channel and finally discharged via the outlet opening.

Die Auslasskanäle können parallel zueinander in einer zweiten Richtung verlaufen, wobei die zweite Richtung nicht senkrecht und nicht parallel zu der ersten Richtung sein kann. Eine weitere Kante der Auslassöffnung kann senkrecht zur ersten Richtung sein. Dies ermöglicht eine material- und/oder platzsparende Herstellung der Bipolarplatte in rechteckiger Form. The outlet channels may extend parallel to each other in a second direction, wherein the second direction may not be perpendicular and not parallel to the first direction. Another edge of the outlet opening may be perpendicular to the first direction. This allows a material and / or space-saving production of the bipolar plate in a rectangular shape.

Die erfindungsgemäß vorgestellte Brennstoffzelle umfasst zumindest eine Membran- Elektroden-Einheit und mindestens eine Bipolarplatte, wie sie erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen ist. The fuel cell presented according to the invention comprises at least one membrane-electrode unit and at least one bipolar plate, as proposed according to the invention.

Weitere bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den übrigen, in den Unteransprüchen genannten Merkmalen. Further preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the remaining, mentioned in the dependent claims characteristics.

Die verschiedenen in dieser Anmeldung genannten Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind, sofern im Einzelfall nicht anders ausgeführt, mit Vorteil miteinander kombinierbar. The various embodiments of the invention mentioned in this application are, unless otherwise stated in the individual case, advantageously combinable with each other.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend in Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der zugehörigen The invention is described below in embodiments with reference to the associated

Zeichnungen erläutert. Es zeigen schematisch: Drawings explained. They show schematically:

Figur 1 ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Bipolarplatte, FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a bipolar plate according to the invention,

Figur 2 einen Ausschnitt der in Figur 1 gezeigten Bipolarplatte, und FIG. 2 shows a detail of the bipolar plate shown in FIG. 1, and FIG

Figur 3 schematisch eine alternative Ausbildungsmöglichkeit des in Figur 2 gezeigten FIG. 3 schematically shows an alternative embodiment of the embodiment shown in FIG

Ausschnitts.  Section.

Figur 1 zeigt schematisch ein einer erfindungsgemäßen Bipolarplatte. Die Bipolarplatte 100 umfasst ein rechteckiges Flussfeld 120 mit Flussfeldkanälen 121 und eine dreieckige Auslassverteilstruktur mit Auslasskanälen 131 , 132, 133, von denen je einer zu jeweils einem der Flussfeldkanäle 121 zugehört. Zu jedem der Flussfeldkanäle 121 umfasst eine dreieckige Einlassverteilstruktur einen zugehörigen Einlasskanal 161 , über den der jeweilige Flussfeldkanal 121 an einen Haupteinlasskanal angeschlossen ist. Die Auslasskanäle 131 , 132, 133 münden an einer ersten Seite eines Hauptauslasskanals 140 in den FIG. 1 shows schematically a bipolar plate according to the invention. The bipolar plate 100 comprises a rectangular flow field 120 with flow field channels 121 and a triangular outlet distribution structure with outlet channels 131, 132, 133, of which one each belongs to one of the flow field channels 121. For each of the flow field channels 121, a triangular inlet distribution structure comprises an associated inlet channel 161 via which the respective flow field channel 121 is connected to a main inlet channel. The outlet channels 131, 132, 133 open at a first side of a Hauptauslasskanals 140 in the

Hauptauslasskanal 140. Der Hauptauslasskanal 140 seinerseits mündet an einer Kante 151 einer Auslassöffnung in die Auslassöffnung. Der Haupteinlasskanal ermöglicht die Zuführung von Medien über eine Einlassöffnung, die eine Kante aufweist, an der der Haupteinlasskanal beginnt. Die Einlassstruktur und der Haupteinlasskanal kann ein gleichschenkliges Dreieck bilden, dessen Basis an eine der kürzeren Seiten des Flussfeldes 120 anschließt. Ebenso können die Auslasskanäle 131 , 132, 133 und der Hauptauslasskanal 140 ein gleichschenkliges Dreieck bilden, dessen Basis an die andere kürzere Seite des Flussfeldes 120 anschließt. Die Auslassöffnung kann ebenfalls als ein im Wesentlichen gleichschenkliges Dreieck ausgebildet sein. Hauptauslasskanal 140. The main outlet channel 140 in turn opens at an edge 151 of an outlet opening in the outlet opening. The main inlet duct allows the supply of media via an inlet opening having an edge at which the main inlet duct begins. The inlet structure and the main inlet channel may form an isosceles triangle, the base of which adjoins one of the shorter sides of the flow field 120. Likewise, the outlet channels 131, 132, 133 and the main outlet channel 140 may form an isosceles triangle, the base of which adjoins the other shorter side of the flow field 120. The outlet opening may also be formed as a substantially isosceles triangle.

Werden mehrere Bipolarplatten mit dazwischenliegenden Membran-Elektroden-Einheiten gestapelt, so bilden die Auslassöffnungen einen Auslasskanal des Stapels. If several bipolar plates are stacked with membrane-electrode units in between, the outlet openings form an outlet channel of the stack.

Die Flussfeldkanäle 121 verlaufen zueinander parallel in eine erste Richtung R1 , die The flow field channels 121 run parallel to each other in a first direction R1, the

Auslasskanäle 131 , 132, 133 verlaufen zueinander parallel in eine zweite Richtung R2, die nicht parallel und nicht senkrecht zur ersten Richtung R1 ist. Der Abstand einer den Einmündungen der Auslasskanäle 131 , 132, 133 gegenüberliegenden Seite des Hauptauslasskanals 140 von den Einmündungen der Auslasskanäle 131 , 132, 133 nimmt in Richtung der Einmündung des Hauptauslasskanals 140 in die Auslassöffnung monoton zu. Die Breite des Hauptauslasskanals 140 nimmt also von einem ersten äußersten Auslasskanal 131 zu einem zweiten äußersten Auslasskanal 132 monoton zu. Dabei mündet der zweite äußerste Auslasskanal 132 näher an der Kante 151 der Auslassöffnung in den Hauptkanal als der erste äußerste Auslasskanal 131 . Im erstenAusführungsbeispiel, wie es in der Figur 2 dargestellt ist, ist die Zunahme streng monoton, kontinuierlich und linear. Im zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel, wie es in der Figur 3 dargestellt ist, ist die Zunahme hingegen an einer Stufe 141 diskontinuierlich. In beiden Outlet passages 131, 132, 133 extend parallel to each other in a second direction R2, which is not parallel and not perpendicular to the first direction R1. The distance of a side of the main outlet channel 140 opposite the junctions of the outlet channels 131, 132, 133 from the junctions of the outlet channels 131, 132, 133 monotonously increases in the direction of the junction of the main outlet channel 140 into the outlet opening. Thus, the width of the main exhaust passage 140 monotonically increases from a first outermost exhaust passage 131 to a second outermost exhaust passage 132. In this case, the second outermost outlet channel 132 opens closer to the edge 151 of the outlet opening into the main channel than the first outermost outlet channel 131. In the first embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the increase is strictly monotonic, continuous and linear. In contrast, in the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the increase is discontinuous at a stage 141. In both

Ausführungsbeispielen sammelt sich Wasser, das bei einer Anordnung der Bipolarplatte 100 in einer Weise, in der die erste Richtung R1 senkrecht zur Schwerkraftrichtung R3 verläuft und Wasser als Tropfen 170 aus den Auslasskanälen 131 , 132, 133 in den Hauptauslasskanal 140 schwerkraftbedingt fließen kann, sich das Wasserin einem Bereich des Hauptauslasskanals 140 sammelt, der an die Kante 151 der Auslassöffnung 150 angrenzt und in dem die Auslasskanäle 131 , 132, 133 maximal vom angesammelten Wasser 171 beabstandet sind. Dadurch wird ein kapillarbedingter Rückfluss von Wasser in die Auslasskanäle 131 , 132, 133 weitestgehend unterbunden. Embodiments accumulate water which, in an arrangement of the bipolar plate 100 in a manner in which the first direction R1 runs perpendicular to the direction of gravity R3 and water as drops 170 from the outlet channels 131, 132, 133 into the main outlet channel 140 can flow due to gravity, the Water collects in a region of the main outlet channel 140, which is adjacent to the edge 151 of the outlet opening 150 and in which the outlet channels 131, 132, 133 are maximally spaced from the accumulated water 171. As a result, capillary-related reflux of water into the outlet channels 131, 132, 133 is largely prevented.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel nimmt die Länge der Auslasskanäle 131 , 132, 133 vom ersten äußersten Auslasskanal 131 zum zweiten äußersten Auslasskanal 132 monoton zu. Im In the embodiment, the length of the exhaust passages 131, 132, 133 increases monotonously from the first outermost exhaust passage 131 to the second outermost exhaust passage 132. in the

Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Längenzunahme streng monoton, kontinuierlich und linear. Embodiment, the increase in length is strictly monotonic, continuous and linear.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel nimmt auch die Länge der Einlasskanäle 161 monoton zu. Dabei ist der Einlasskanal 161 desto länger, je kürzer derjenige Auslasskanal 131 , 132, 133 ist, der zum selben Flussfeldkanal 121 zugehört. Die Länge der zusammengesetzten Kanäle aus In the exemplary embodiment, the length of the inlet channels 161 increases monotonously. In this case, the inlet channel 161 is the longer the shorter the outlet channel 131, 132, 133 which belongs to the same flow field channel 121. The length of the composite channels out

Flussfeldkanal 121 , zugehörigem Einlasskanal 161 und zugehörigem Auslasskanal 131 , 132, 133 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel gleich, sie kann aber auch nur lediglich ähnlich sein, Flow field channel 121, associated inlet channel 161 and associated outlet channel 131, 132, 133 is the same in the embodiment, but it may also only be similar,

insbesondere wenn unterschiedlicher Druckabfall über unterschiedliche zusammengesetzte Kanäle anders kompensiert wird. especially when different pressure drop across different composite channels is compensated otherwise.

Beispielsweise weist jeder der Einlasskanäle einen selben hydraulischen Durchmesser auf. Jeder der Auslasskanäle weist hingegen einen individuellen hydraulischen Durchmesser auf, die sich von den individuellen hydraulischen Durchmessern der übrigen Auslasskanäle unterscheidet. Die individuellen hydraulischen Durchmesser sind dabei auf die individuellen Kanallängen abgestimmt, sodass der Druckverlust in einem beliebigen Auslasskanal bei einem ersten Massenstrom gleich dem Druckverlust bei einem zweiten Massenstrom in einem gleichlangen Einlasskanal mit dem selben hydraulischen Durchmesser ist, wobei die Differenz zwischen dem zweiten und dem ersten Massenstrom gleich der vorbestimmten For example, each of the inlet channels has a same hydraulic diameter. Each of the exhaust ports, on the other hand, has an individual hydraulic diameter that differs from the individual hydraulic diameters of the remaining exhaust ports. The individual hydraulic diameters are matched to the individual channel lengths, so that the pressure loss in any outlet channel at a first mass flow is equal to the pressure loss at a second mass flow in an equally long inlet channel with the same hydraulic diameter, the difference between the second and the first Mass flow equal to the predetermined

Massenstromdifferenz des zum Auslasskanal gehörigen Flussfeldkanals ist. Dabei weist ein längerer Auslasskanal einen kleineren individuellen hydraulischen Durchmesser auf als ein kürzerer Auslasskanal. Dies ist beispielhaft in Figur 1 dargestellt. Mass flow difference of belonging to the outlet channel flow field channel is. In this case, a longer outlet channel has a smaller individual hydraulic diameter than a shorter outlet channel. This is shown by way of example in FIG.

Oder, jeder der Einlasskanäle weist einen individuellen hydraulischen Durchmesser auf, die sich von den individuellen hydraulischen Durchmesser der übrigen Einlasskanäle unterscheidet. Der individuelle hydraulische Durchmesser ist desto kleiner, je kürzer der jeweilige Einlasskanal ist. Jeder der Auslasskanäle weist hingegen einen selben hydraulischen Durchmesser auf. Bezugszeichenliste Or, each of the inlet channels has an individual hydraulic diameter that is different from the individual hydraulic diameters of the remaining inlet channels. The individual hydraulic diameter is the smaller, the shorter the respective inlet channel. Each of the outlet channels, however, has a same hydraulic diameter. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100 Bipolarplatte 100 bipolar plate

120 Flussfeld  120 river field

121 Flussfeldkanäle  121 river field channels

130 Auslassverteilstruktur  130 outlet distribution structure

131 , 132, 133 Auslasskanäle  131, 132, 133 outlet channels

140 Hauptauslasskanal  140 main exhaust duct

150 Auslassöffnung  150 outlet opening

151 , 152 Kanten der Auslassöffnung  151, 152 edges of the outlet opening

161 Einlasskanäle  161 inlet channels

170 Tropfen  170 drops

171 angesammeltes Wasser  171 accumulated water

R1 erste Richtung, Richtung der Flussfeldkanäle R1 first direction, direction of the flow field channels

R2 zweite Richtung, Richtung der Auslasskanäle R2 second direction, direction of the outlet channels

Claims

Patentansprüche claims 1 . Bipolarplatte (100) umfassend: 1 . A bipolar plate (100) comprising: • mindestens ein profiliertes Flussfeld (120) mit Flussfeldkanälen (121 ),  At least one profiled flow field (120) with flow field channels (121), • zu jedem der Flussfeldkanäle (121 ) einen zugehörigen Auslasskanal (131 , 132, 133), der in einen Hauptauslasskanal (140) mündet, wobei der Hauptauslasskanal (140) an einer Kante (151 ) einer Auslassöffnung (150) in die Auslassöffnung (150) der  For each of the flow field channels (121), an associated outlet channel (131, 132, 133) opening into a main outlet channel (140), the main outlet channel (140) at an edge (151) of an outlet opening (150) into the outlet opening (150 ) of the Bipolarplatte (100) mündet,  Bipolar plate (100) opens, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that • eine Breite des Hauptauslasskanals (140) von einem ersten äußersten Auslasskanal (131 ) zu einem zweiten äußersten Auslasskanal (132) monoton zunimmt, wobei der zweite äußerste Auslasskanal (132) näher an der Kante (151 ) der Auslassöffnung (150) in den Hauptkanal (140) mündet als der erste äußerste Auslasskanal (131 ).  • a width of the main outlet channel (140) monotonically increases from a first outermost outlet channel (131) to a second outermost outlet channel (132), the second outermost outlet channel (132) being closer to the edge (151) of the outlet opening (150) into the main channel (140) opens as the first outermost exhaust duct (131). 2. Bipolarplatte (100) nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Breite 2. bipolar plate (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the width kontinuierlich zunimmt.  continuously increases. 3. Bipolarplatte (100) nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Breite an 3. bipolar plate (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the width zumindest einer Stufe (141 ) diskontinuierlich zunimmt  at least one stage (141) increases discontinuously 4. Bipolarplatte (100) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auslasskanäle (131 , 132, 133) unterschiedlich lang sind und zu jedem der Flussfeldkanäle (121 ) ein zugehöriger Einlasskanal (161 ) vorhanden ist, der desto kürzer ist, je länger der zugehörige Auslasskanal (131 , 132,133) ist. The bipolar plate (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet channels (131, 132, 133) are of different lengths and each of the flow field channels (121) has an associated inlet channel (161) which is shorter, the longer the associated outlet channel (131, 132, 133). 5. Bipolarplatte (100) nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass hydraulische 5. bipolar plate (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that hydraulic Durchmesser der Einlasskanäle gleich sind und hydraulische Durchmesser der  Diameter of the inlet channels are the same and hydraulic diameter of the Auslasskanäle unterschiedlich sind, wobei von zwei Auslasskanälen der jerweils längere einen geringeren hydraulischen Durchmesser hat als der jeweils kürzere.  Outlet channels are different, of two outlet channels of the jerweils longer has a smaller hydraulic diameter than the shorter each. 6. Bipolarplatte (100) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bipolarplatte (100) rechteckig ist. 6. bipolar plate (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bipolar plate (100) is rectangular. 7. Bipolarplatte (100) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flussfeldkanäle (121 ) parallel zueinander in eine erste Richtung (R1 ) verlaufen, wobei bei einer Anordnung der Bipolarplatte (100) in einer Weise, in der die erste Richtung (R1 ) vertikal verläuft und die Auslasskanäle (131 , 132, 133) unterhalb der Flussfeldkanäle (121 ) angeordnet sind, der Hauptauslasskanal (140) ein Gefälle hin zur Auslassöffnung (150) aufweist. 7. bipolar plate (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flow field channels (121) parallel to each other in a first direction (R1), wherein in an arrangement of the bipolar plate (100) in a manner in which the first direction (R1) is vertical and the outlet channels (131, 132, 133) are located below the flow field channels (121), the main outlet channel (140) has a slope towards the outlet opening (150). 8. Bipolarplatte (100) nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auslasskanäle (131 , 132, 133) parallel zueinander in einer zweiten Richtung (R2) verlaufen, wobei die zweite Richtung (R2) nicht senkrecht zu der ersten Richtung (R1 ) ist. 8. bipolar plate (100) according to claim 7, characterized in that the outlet channels (131, 132, 133) parallel to each other in a second direction (R2), wherein the second direction (R2) not perpendicular to the first direction (R1) is. 9. Bipolarplatte (100) nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine weitere Seite (152) der Öffnung (150) senkrecht zur ersten Richtung (R1 ) ist. 9. bipolar plate (100) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that a further side (152) of the opening (150) is perpendicular to the first direction (R1). 10. Brennstoffzelle, umfassend zumindest eine Membran-Elektroden-Einheit und mindestens eine Bipolarplatte (100) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche. 10. A fuel cell, comprising at least one membrane-electrode assembly and at least one bipolar plate (100) according to one of the preceding claims.
PCT/EP2015/067030 2014-08-27 2015-07-24 Bipolar plate and fuel cell Ceased WO2016030095A1 (en)

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