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WO2016015446A1 - Procédé de broyage et de séparation de batterie d'accumulateurs au plomb sans entretien mise au rebut - Google Patents

Procédé de broyage et de séparation de batterie d'accumulateurs au plomb sans entretien mise au rebut Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016015446A1
WO2016015446A1 PCT/CN2014/095939 CN2014095939W WO2016015446A1 WO 2016015446 A1 WO2016015446 A1 WO 2016015446A1 CN 2014095939 W CN2014095939 W CN 2014095939W WO 2016015446 A1 WO2016015446 A1 WO 2016015446A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lead
separator
recovery
film
separation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2014/095939
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李信生
吴光辉
王振云
范伟
陈建湘
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hunan Jiang Ye Mechanical And Electrical Technology Co Ltd
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Hunan Jiang Ye Mechanical And Electrical Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hunan Jiang Ye Mechanical And Electrical Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Hunan Jiang Ye Mechanical And Electrical Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2016015446A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016015446A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a crushing and separating process of a waste maintenance-free lead-acid battery.
  • the existing recycling methods have problems such as high labor intensity, incomplete separation, low processing efficiency, and easy environmental pollution.
  • the present invention provides a crushing and separating process for a waste maintenance-free lead-acid battery.
  • the technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: including separation and recovery of electrolyte, separation and recovery of plastic shell, separation and recovery of lead grid, separation and recovery of sheet membrane, rubber valve and separation and recovery of lead mud.
  • the specific steps are as follows:
  • the waste maintenance-free lead-acid battery is passed through the vibrating feeder to control the feeding amount and sent to the pre-crusher.
  • the pre-crusher breaks the waste maintenance-free lead-acid battery and causes the internal electrolyte (dilute sulfuric acid or acid) to flow out.
  • the outflowing electrolyte (dilute sulfuric acid or acid) flows into the acid storage tank through the acid solution tank to realize the electrolyte That is, acid separation and recovery;
  • the waste maintenance-free lead-acid battery material crushed by the pre-crusher is transported by the belt conveyor.
  • the upper part parallel to the belt conveyor has an electromagnetic iron remover.
  • the electromagnetic iron remover removes the iron block hidden in the lead-acid battery and is pre-crushed.
  • the lead-acid battery material after electromagnetic iron removal enters the heavy hammer crusher, and the heavy hammer crusher further breaks the material, and the further crushed material enters the first-stage vibrating screen, and the first-stage vibrating screen is provided with a spout, first-level Under the action of water washing and mechanical vibration, the vibrating screen will clean the lead mud and make the lead mud enter the lead mud precipitator A.
  • Other materials such as lead grid, plastic shell, film, rubber valve, etc.
  • the gravity separator separates the plastic shell from other materials such as lead grid, film, rubber valve, etc.
  • the plastic shell is different depending on the type of battery, and the battery casing is PP plastic or ABS plastic, so the specific gravity is different, the specific gravity of PP plastic is less than 1, the specific gravity of ABS plastic is greater than 1, the specific gravity regulator is combined with the specific gravity of the online detector according to the plastic shell Different specific gravity adjusts the specific gravity of the aqueous solution in the specific gravity separator.
  • the adjustment method is: firstly, determine whether the plastic shell is PP plastic or ABS plastic (that is, determine whether the specific gravity of the plastic shell is less than 1 or greater than 1), and then adjust the specific gravity separator according to the specific gravity of the plastic shell.
  • the specific gravity of the aqueous solution adjusts the specific gravity of the aqueous solution to a specific gravity of 0.07 to 0.1 compared with the plastic shell.
  • the plastic shell floats on the water surface by water buoyancy, and the other specific gravity is larger than the lead grid and film of the plastic shell.
  • the rubber valve and other materials will sink to the bottom of the water, and the plastic shell floating on the water surface will be transported out through the first-stage plastic screw conveyor to realize the separation and recovery of the plastic shell;
  • the material sinking under the water passes through the screw conveyor at the bottom of the gravity separator to convey the material to the bottom of the hydraulic separator.
  • the bottom of the hydraulic separator is provided with a water spray port. The water pressure of the hydraulic water pump flows upward from the bottom of the hydraulic separator.
  • the film, the rubber valve and the like flow upward with the water flow to the secondary vibrating screen under the thrust of the water, and the lead grid with a relatively large specific gravity sinks to the bottom of the hydro-separator, the bottom of the hydro-separator
  • the subordinate outlet is connected to the first-stage lead-grid screw conveyor, and the lead grid sinking to the bottom of the hydro-separator is transported by the first-stage lead-grid screw conveyor to the second-stage hydro-separator, and the unseparated material is subjected to secondary separation.
  • the hydraulic separator is also provided with a water spout at the bottom. Through the water pressure of the hydraulic pump, the undivided film, rubber valve, etc. are sent back to the secondary vibrating screen through the water flow, and the lead grid sinking to the bottom of the secondary hydro-separator It is transported out by a secondary lead grid screw conveyor to realize lead grid separation and recovery;
  • the second vibrating screen will wash and mechanically vibrate the film and rubber valve sent from the two hydraulic separators, and clean the residual lead mud to make the lead mud enter the lead mud precipitator B, and the film and rubber.
  • the valve is sent to the secondary gravity separator, and the secondary gravity separator is controlled by the specific gravity regulator and the specific gravity on-line detector to adjust the specific gravity of the aqueous solution in the gravity separator, and the specific gravity of the aqueous solution is adjusted to be greater than the plastic shell by 0.07 to 0.1.
  • the residual plastic shell contained in the film, rubber valve, etc. is separated, and is transported out through the upper outlet through the secondary plastic screw conveyor for recovery, and the film, rubber valve, etc. are transported through the film outlet and the rubber valve screw conveyor from the lower outlet.
  • the film and the rubber valve separator are separated by the mechanical gravity, and respectively passed through the film outlet and the rubber valve outlet to realize separation and recovery of the film and the rubber valve;
  • the lead mud in the lead mud sedimentation machine A and the lead mud sedimentation machine B is quickly settled by adding a flocculant through a flocculant adder, and the lead mud settled at the bottom of the lead mud sedimentation machine is transported by the scraper chain to the lead mud mixing tank, and then The lead mud in the lead mud mixing tank is sent to the lead mud filter press for pressure filtration by the lead mud pump, and the lead mud is obtained by pressure filtration to realize the separation and recovery of the lead mud.
  • the method of adjusting the specific gravity of the aqueous solution in the specific gravity separator is adjusted by adding an alkaline salt.
  • the alkaline salt is sodium sulfate or sodium carbonate.
  • the present invention physically separates the waste maintenance-free lead-acid battery by physical means, which not only separates the raw materials separately, but also does not damage the materials.
  • the present invention adopts a gravity separator and a hydraulic separator in the separation process, and can fully utilize the difference in specific gravity of the outer shell material and the inner material to physically separate the outer shell material and the inner material, and the separation process is simple and the cost is low.
  • the process of the invention is simple and feasible, the secondary pollution is small, the energy consumption for recycling treatment is small, and the recycling rate is high, which effectively saves the cost of battery production, can solve the treatment of the old battery, and can fully utilize the resources. Meet the requirements of energy saving and environmental protection.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram showing the process flow of the separation process of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 A block diagram of the separation process flow of the present invention is shown in FIG.
  • the waste maintenance-free lead-acid battery is passed through the vibrating feeder to control the feeding amount and sent to the pre-crusher.
  • the pre-crusher crushes the waste maintenance-free lead-acid battery, and the internal electrolyte dilute sulfuric acid flows out, and the discharged electrolyte
  • the dilute sulfuric acid flows into the acid storage tank through the acid solution tank, and the electrolyte is separated and recovered by the acid solution;
  • the waste maintenance-free lead-acid battery material crushed by the pre-crusher is transported by the belt conveyor.
  • the upper part parallel to the belt conveyor has an electromagnetic iron remover.
  • the electromagnetic iron remover removes the iron block hidden in the lead-acid battery and is pre-crushed.
  • the lead-acid battery material after electromagnetic iron removal enters the heavy hammer crusher, and the heavy hammer crusher further breaks the material, and the further crushed material enters the first-stage vibrating screen.
  • the film and rubber valve are sent to the gravity separator and the hydraulic separator.
  • the material first enters the gravity separator.
  • the gravity separator separates the plastic shell from the lead grid, the film membrane and the rubber valve.
  • the specific gravity regulator matches the specific gravity online detector according to the plastic.
  • the specific gravity of the shell is adjusted by adding sodium sulfate to adjust the specific gravity of the aqueous solution in the gravity separator, and the specific gravity of the aqueous solution is adjusted to be greater than the specific ratio of the plastic shell by 0.07.
  • the plastic shell is floated on the water surface by water buoyancy.
  • the material sinking under the water passes through the screw conveyor at the bottom of the gravity separator to convey the material to the bottom of the hydraulic separator.
  • the bottom of the hydraulic separator is provided with a water spray port.
  • the water pressure of the hydraulic water pump flows upward from the bottom of the hydraulic separator.
  • the movement of water from the bottom to the bottom produces a certain thrust on the sinking material.
  • the film, rubber valve and other materials flow upward with the water to the secondary vibrating screen under the thrust of water, while the lead grid with a relatively large specific gravity sinks to the hydraulic separation.
  • the bottom outlet of the hydro-separator is connected to the first-stage lead-grid screw conveyor, and the lead grid sinking to the bottom of the hydro-separator is transported by the primary lead-grid screw conveyor to the secondary hydraulic separator, and there will be no separate material.
  • the second-stage hydraulic separator is also provided with a water spray port at the bottom. Through the water pressure of the hydraulic water pump, the film and rubber valves that have not been completely separated are sent back to the secondary vibrating screen through the water flow, and sink to the second stage.
  • the lead grid at the bottom of the hydro-separator is transported out by a secondary lead-grid screw conveyor to achieve separation and recovery of the lead grid;
  • the second vibrating screen will wash and mechanically vibrate the film and rubber valve sent from the two hydraulic separators, and clean the residual lead mud to make the lead mud enter the lead mud precipitator B, and the film and rubber.
  • the valve is sent to the secondary gravity separator, and the secondary gravity separator is connected to the specific gravity by the specific gravity regulator.
  • the instrument adjusts the specific gravity of the aqueous solution in the gravity separator by adding sodium sulfate, adjusts the specific gravity of the aqueous solution to a specific gravity of 0.07 than that of the plastic shell, and separates the residual plastic shell contained in the film and the rubber valve, and passes through the upper outlet through the second stage.
  • the plastic screw conveyor is transported out for recycling, and the film, rubber valve, etc. are transported to the film and rubber valve separator through the film outlet and the rubber valve screw conveyor from the lower outlet, and the film and rubber valve are separated by mechanical gravity. Separating and recovering the film and rubber valve through the film outlet and the rubber valve outlet respectively;
  • the lead mud in the lead mud sedimentation machine A and the lead mud sedimentation machine B is quickly settled by adding a flocculant through a flocculant adder, and the lead mud settled at the bottom of the lead mud sedimentation machine is transported by the scraper chain to the lead mud mixing tank, and then The lead mud in the lead mud mixing tank is sent to the lead mud filter press for pressure filtration by the lead mud pump, and the lead mud is obtained by pressure filtration to realize the separation and recovery of the lead mud.
  • FIG. 1 A block diagram of the separation process flow of the present invention is shown in FIG.
  • the waste maintenance-free lead-acid battery is passed through the vibrating feeder to control the feeding amount and sent to the pre-crusher.
  • the pre-crusher crushes the waste maintenance-free lead-acid battery, and the internal electrolyte dilute sulfuric acid flows out, and the discharged electrolyte
  • the dilute sulfuric acid flows into the acid storage tank through the acid solution tank, and the electrolyte is separated and recovered by the acid solution;
  • the waste maintenance-free lead-acid battery material crushed by the pre-crusher is transported by the belt conveyor.
  • the upper part parallel to the belt conveyor has an electromagnetic iron remover.
  • the electromagnetic iron remover removes the iron block hidden in the lead-acid battery and is pre-crushed.
  • the lead-acid battery material after electromagnetic iron removal enters the heavy hammer crusher, and the heavy hammer crusher further breaks the material, and the further crushed material enters the first-stage vibrating screen, and the first-stage vibrating screen is provided with a spout, first-level Under the action of water washing and mechanical vibration, the vibrating screen will clean the lead mud and make the lead mud enter the lead mud precipitator A, lead grid, plastic shell, sheet film, rubber.
  • the valve is sent to the gravity separator and the hydraulic separator.
  • the material first enters the gravity separator.
  • the gravity separator separates the plastic shell from the lead grid, the membrane, and the rubber valve.
  • the specific gravity of the specific gravity regulator is based on the specific gravity of the plastic shell.
  • the specific gravity of the aqueous solution is adjusted to be greater than the specific gravity of the plastic shell by 0.1, when the material enters the gravity separator, the plastic shell floats on the water surface by water buoyancy, and the other specific gravity is larger than the plastic
  • the lead grid, film and rubber valve of the shell will sink to the bottom of the water, and the plastic shell floating on the water surface will be transported out through the first-class plastic screw conveyor to realize the separation and recovery of the plastic shell;
  • the material sinking under the water passes through the screw conveyor at the bottom of the gravity separator to convey the material to the bottom of the hydraulic separator.
  • the bottom of the hydraulic separator is provided with a water spray port.
  • the water pressure of the hydraulic water pump flows upward from the bottom of the hydraulic separator.
  • the movement of water from the bottom to the bottom produces a certain thrust on the sinking material.
  • the film, rubber valve and other materials flow upward with the water to the secondary vibrating screen under the thrust of water, while the lead grid with a relatively large specific gravity sinks to the hydraulic separation.
  • the bottom outlet of the hydro-separator is connected to the first-stage lead-grid screw conveyor, and the lead grid sinking to the bottom of the hydro-separator is transported by the primary lead-grid screw conveyor to the secondary hydraulic separator, and there will be no separate material.
  • the second-stage hydraulic separator is also provided with a water spray port at the bottom. Through the water pressure of the hydraulic water pump, the film and rubber valves that have not been completely separated are sent back to the secondary vibrating screen through the water flow, and sink to the second stage.
  • the lead grid at the bottom of the hydro-separator is transported out by a secondary lead-grid screw conveyor to achieve separation and recovery of the lead grid;
  • the second vibrating screen will wash and mechanically vibrate the film and rubber valve sent from the two hydraulic separators, and clean the residual lead mud to make the lead mud enter the lead mud precipitator B, and the film and rubber.
  • the valve is sent to the secondary gravity separator, and the secondary gravity separator is combined with the specific gravity on-line detector by the specific gravity regulator, and the specific gravity of the aqueous solution in the gravity separator is adjusted by adding sodium carbonate to adjust the specific gravity of the aqueous solution to be larger than that of the plastic shell.
  • 0.1 separating the residual plastic shell contained in the film and rubber valve, from above
  • the outlet is transported out through a secondary plastic screw conveyor for recovery.
  • the film, rubber valve, etc. are transported from the lower outlet through the film and rubber valve screw conveyor to the film and rubber valve separator.
  • the film and rubber valve are in mechanical gravity. Separating and separating, respectively, through the film outlet and the rubber valve outlet, to achieve separation and recovery of the film and rubber valve;
  • the lead mud in the lead mud sedimentation machine A and the lead mud sedimentation machine B is quickly settled by adding a flocculant through a flocculant adder, and the lead mud settled at the bottom of the lead mud sedimentation machine is transported by the scraper chain to the lead mud mixing tank, and then The lead mud in the lead mud mixing tank is sent to the lead mud filter press for pressure filtration by the lead mud pump, and the lead mud is obtained by pressure filtration to realize the separation and recovery of the lead mud.
  • FIG. 1 A block diagram of the separation process flow of the present invention is shown in FIG.
  • the waste maintenance-free lead-acid battery is passed through the vibrating feeder to control the feeding amount and sent to the pre-crusher.
  • the pre-crusher crushes the waste maintenance-free lead-acid battery, and the internal electrolyte dilute sulfuric acid flows out, and the discharged electrolyte
  • the dilute sulfuric acid flows into the acid storage tank through the acid solution tank, and the electrolyte is separated and recovered by the acid solution;
  • the waste maintenance-free lead-acid battery material crushed by the pre-crusher is transported by the belt conveyor.
  • the upper part parallel to the belt conveyor has an electromagnetic iron remover.
  • the electromagnetic iron remover removes the iron block hidden in the lead-acid battery and is pre-crushed.
  • the lead-acid battery material after electromagnetic iron removal enters the heavy hammer crusher, and the heavy hammer crusher further breaks the material, and the further crushed material enters the first-stage vibrating screen, and the first-stage vibrating screen is provided with a spout, first-level Under the action of water washing and mechanical vibration, the vibrating screen will clean the lead mud and make the lead mud enter the lead mud precipitator A.
  • the lead grid, plastic shell, sheet film and rubber valve are sent to the gravity separator.
  • the material first enters the gravity separator, the gravity separator separates the plastic shell from the lead grid, the film membrane, and the rubber valve, and the specific gravity regulator and the specific gravity on-line detector adjust the specific gravity by adding sodium sulfate according to different specific gravity of the plastic shell.
  • the specific gravity of the aqueous solution in the separator the water
  • the specific gravity of the solution is adjusted to be 0.08 greater than that of the plastic shell.
  • the material sinking under the water passes through the screw conveyor at the bottom of the gravity separator to convey the material to the bottom of the hydraulic separator.
  • the bottom of the hydraulic separator is provided with a water spray port.
  • the water pressure of the hydraulic water pump flows upward from the bottom of the hydraulic separator.
  • the movement of water from the bottom to the bottom produces a certain thrust on the sinking material.
  • the film, rubber valve and other materials flow upward with the water flow to the secondary vibrating screen under the thrust of water, while the lead grid with relatively large gravity sinks to the hydraulic separation.
  • the bottom outlet of the hydro-separator is connected to the first-stage lead-grid screw conveyor, and the lead grid sinking to the bottom of the hydro-separator is transported by the primary lead-grid screw conveyor to the secondary hydraulic separator, and there will be no separate material.
  • the second-stage hydraulic separator is also provided with a water spray port at the bottom. Through the water pressure of the hydraulic water pump, the film and rubber valves that have not been completely separated are sent back to the secondary vibrating screen through the water flow, and sink to the second stage.
  • the lead grid at the bottom of the hydro-separator is transported out by a secondary lead-grid screw conveyor to achieve separation and recovery of the lead grid;
  • the second vibrating screen will wash and mechanically vibrate the film and rubber valve sent from the two hydraulic separators, and clean the residual lead mud to make the lead mud enter the lead mud precipitator B, and the film and rubber.
  • the valve is sent to the secondary gravity separator, and the secondary gravity separator is combined with the specific gravity on-line detector by the specific gravity regulator, and the specific gravity of the aqueous solution in the gravity separator is adjusted by adding sodium carbonate to adjust the specific gravity of the aqueous solution to be larger than that of the plastic shell. 0.09, separating the residual plastic shell contained in the film and rubber valve, and transporting it out through the upper outlet through the secondary plastic screw conveyor for recovery.
  • the film, rubber valve, etc. are passed through the film outlet and the rubber valve screw conveyor. It is transported to the film membrane and rubber valve separator.
  • the film and rubber valve are separated by mechanical gravity and pass through the film outlet and the rubber valve outlet respectively to realize the film and rubber.
  • the valve is separated and recovered;
  • the lead mud in the lead mud sedimentation machine A and the lead mud sedimentation machine B is quickly settled by adding a flocculant through a flocculant adder, and the lead mud settled at the bottom of the lead mud sedimentation machine is transported by the scraper chain to the lead mud mixing tank, and then The lead mud in the lead mud mixing tank is sent to the lead mud filter press for pressure filtration by the lead mud pump, and the lead mud is obtained by pressure filtration to realize the separation and recovery of the lead mud.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de broyer et de séparer une batterie d'accumulateurs au plomb sans entretien mise au rebut. Le procédé de broyage et de séparation comprend la séparation et la récupération d'un électrolyte, la séparation et la récupération d'une coque en matière plastique, la séparation et la récupération d'une grille de plomb, la séparation et la récupération d'un film laminaire et d'une valve en caoutchouc, ainsi que la séparation et la récupération d'une boue de plomb. Dans la présente invention, divers matériaux de la batterie d'accumulateurs au plomb sans entretien mise au rebut sont séparés de sorte que les divers matériaux tels que l'électrolyte, la coque en matière plastique, la grille de plomb, le film laminaire, la valve en caoutchouc, la boue de plomb etc. soient respectivement récupérés et que les divers matériaux séparés et récupérés aient des puretés élevées et soient facilement recyclés; et dans la présente invention, un procédé physique est utilisé pour séparer mécaniquement la batterie d'accumulateurs au plomb sans entretien mise au rebut, qui non seulement n'endommage pas les matériaux mais est simple et faisable, et a une faible contamination secondaire, une faible consommation d'énergie pour la récupération et une utilisation de récupération élevée, de sorte que les ressources soient complètement utilisées.
PCT/CN2014/095939 2014-07-28 2014-12-31 Procédé de broyage et de séparation de batterie d'accumulateurs au plomb sans entretien mise au rebut Ceased WO2016015446A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201410363048.9 2014-07-28
CN201410363048.9A CN104124486B (zh) 2014-07-28 2014-07-28 一种废旧免维护铅酸蓄电池的破碎分离工艺

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WO2016015446A1 true WO2016015446A1 (fr) 2016-02-04

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