WO2016010155A1 - 抗原特異的t細胞受容体遺伝子を有する多能性幹細胞の製造方法 - Google Patents
抗原特異的t細胞受容体遺伝子を有する多能性幹細胞の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present application relates to a method for producing pluripotent stem cells having a specific antigen-specific T cell receptor gene.
- the present application also relates to a method for inducing T cells from the pluripotent stem cells.
- the present application further relates to immune cell therapy using T cells derived from said pluripotent stem cells.
- WT1 Wild tumor 1 antigen is one of the antigens being studied as a cancer antigen and is frequently expressed in many types of solid cancer cases. It is thought to be involved in the maintenance of traits as a malignant tumor, and cancer stem cells are often expressed.
- TCR T cell receptor
- Epstein-Barr (EB) virus is a virus that causes various diseases, but it can also cause cancers such as infectious mononucleosis, malignant lymphoma (Burkitt reformer), and nasopharyngeal cancer. Since cells infected with EB virus express virus-derived protein molecules, they can be used as antigens. That is, there is an advantage that foreign antigens are expressed in spite of cancer and can be easily subjected to immunotherapy.
- the LMP2 (latent membrane protein 2) antigen is often used as a target antigen in immune cell therapy.
- TCR T cell receptor
- siRNA siRNA
- This TCR gene therapy has at least the following three problems. 1) The TCR gene is introduced using a retrovirus vector, which is a gene therapy, and there is a possibility that T cells of the patient who has been introduced will become cancerous. 2) Inhibition of endogenous TCR by siRNA is not complete, and unexpected reactivity that attacks a patient's tissue by swapping various endogenous TCRa and TCRb chains with introduced TCRa and TCRb chains There is a risk of appearing. 3) It is necessary to collect, modify, and administer T cells for each patient.
- the present application aims to provide a method for producing a pluripotent stem cell having a T cell receptor gene specific for a specific antigen, particularly a WT1 antigen and an EB virus-related antigen.
- the present application also aims to provide a method for inducing T cells from the pluripotent stem cells.
- the present application further aims to provide immune cell therapy using T cells derived from the pluripotent stem cells.
- the present application also aims to provide a pluripotent stem cell having a T cell receptor gene specific to a specific antigen, particularly WT1 antigen and EB virus-related antigen.
- a method for isolating or inducing WT1 antigen-specific T cells or EB virus-related antigen-specific T cells from a donor and inducing pluripotent stem cells from the T cells is provided.
- iPS cells are induced as pluripotent stem cells
- iPS cells derived from T cells are referred to as T-iPS cell method.
- the provider of WT1 antigen-specific T cells may be a healthy person or a cancer patient having a WT1 antigen.
- the donor of EB virus-related antigen-specific T cells can be a healthy person or a patient with an EB virus-related disease, but a healthy person who has never developed EB virus but has experience with EB virus infection. There may be.
- a specific antigen-specific T cell receptor comprising the step of introducing a WT1 antigen-specific T cell receptor gene or an EB virus-related antigen-specific T cell receptor gene into a pluripotent stem cell.
- the present invention relates to a method for providing pluripotent stem cells having a somatic gene.
- a cell obtained by introducing a TCR gene into an iPS cell is referred to as a TCR-iPS cell, and when an iPS cell is used as a pluripotent stem cell, this method is referred to as a TCR-iPS cell method.
- the present application further provides a method for producing T cells for immune cell therapy, comprising the step of inducing T progenitor cells or mature T cells from pluripotent stem cells having a WT1 antigen-specific T cell receptor gene or an EB virus-related antigen. To do.
- T precursor cells or mature T cells obtained by the method of the present application can be used for cellular immunotherapy.
- the mature T cells of the present application can be used particularly suitably not only in autologous transplantation but also in treatment by autologous transplantation to another person who has a certain HLA match.
- transplanting another person's T cells is contrary to the well-known common knowledge of immune cell therapy.
- malignant tumors of the blood system such as leukemia
- bone marrow transplantation that transplants hematopoietic stem cells is performed, but is usually transplanted from an HLA-type donor that matches the recipient so that the donor's bone marrow is not rejected by the recipient.
- HLA-type donor that matches the recipient so that the donor's bone marrow is not rejected by the recipient.
- donor T cells can recognize these mismatches as targets for attack.
- the result is a so-called graft-versus-host reaction, a reaction in which a portion of the transplanted donor T cells attack the recipient's body cells. If the HLA does not match, this graft-versus-host response occurs even more strongly. These are actually observed frequently after bone marrow transplantation. From such a background, it is common sense among medical personnel that “it is dangerous to transplant another person's T cells”.
- T cells derived from pluripotent stem cells having a specific antigen-specific T cell receptor gene obtained by the invention of the present application problems in conventional technical recognition can be solved unexpectedly.
- the T-iPS cell method which is the first aspect is not gene therapy, there is no risk of cell cancer due to gene transfer.
- the reconstitution of endogenous TCR is suppressed and only the introduced TCR is expressed, so there is no unexpected risk. It is safer if the expression of the endogenous TCR gene is controlled at the iPS stage. Since TCR-iPS cells can be handled as clones, the risk of damaging the gene can be avoided by identifying the gene insertion site and determining and using a safe clone.
- pluripotent stem cells having a specific antigen-specific T cell receptor are produced, T precursor cells or mature T cells are induced from the pluripotent stem cells and used for cell immunotherapy.
- T precursor cells or mature T cells are induced from the pluripotent stem cells and used for cell immunotherapy.
- T-iPS cells and TCR-iPS cells do not need to be prepared for each patient, and many types of T-iPS cells and TCR-iPS cells can be prepared in advance. Therefore, it is possible to bank at the level of T-iPS cells, TCR-iPS cells, or T progenitor cells or T cells derived from such cells. That is, for the first time by this application, the construction of a system for enforcing “transplanting T cells to another person” has been greatly accelerated. In addition to shortening the time to treatment, there is an advantage that the quality of transplanted cells can be confirmed before transplantation.
- the FACS analysis result which shows that the LMP2 tetramer positive and CD8 positive T cell were induced
- FIG. The figure which shows that the T cell induced
- derived from the LMP2 peptide specific T cell The FACS analysis result of the cell of the differentiation induction process (Day41) to the T cell of the T-iPS cell induced
- FIG. 6 shows cytotoxic activity of regenerative CTL derived from clone WT1 # 3-3 against leukemia cell line THP1. Cytotoxic activity was completely blocked with antibodies against HLA class I.
- FIG. 6 shows the cytotoxic activity of regenerative CTL derived from clone WT1 # 3-3 against leukemia cell line HL60. Cytotoxic activity was completely blocked with antibodies against HLA class I.
- pTA2 vector. CS-UbC-RfA-IRES2-Venus vector. The figure which showed that the WT1-specific TCR gene was able to be introduce
- pluripotent stem cell is a stem cell that has pluripotency that can be differentiated into many cells existing in a living body and also has a self-proliferating ability.
- pluripotent stem cells include embryonic stem (ES) cells, embryonic stem (ntES) cells derived from cloned embryos obtained by nuclear transfer, embryonic germ cells (“EG cells”), induced pluripotent stems (iPS) cells and the like are exemplified.
- the pluripotent stem cells are preferably mammalian pluripotent stem cells, more preferably human pluripotent stem cells.
- T cell means a cell expressing on its surface an antigen receptor, which is recognized as a T cell receptor (TCR). It has been reported, for example, in WO2011 / 096482 and Vizcardo et al., Cell Stem Cell 12 and 31-36 2013 that iCR cells are induced from T cells.
- iPS cells are obtained from desired antigen-specific T cells.
- the T cells induced into iPS cells are preferably T cells that express CD3 and express at least one molecule selected from the group consisting of CD4 and CD8.
- human T cells include helper / regulatory T cells that are CD4 positive cells, cytotoxic T cells that are CD8 positive cells, naive T cells (CD45RA + CD62L + cells), central memory T cells ( CD45RA ⁇ CD62L + cells), effector memory T cells (CD45RA ⁇ CD62L ⁇ cells), and terminal effector T cells (CD45RA + CD62L ⁇ cells).
- Human T cells can be isolated from human tissues by a known technique.
- the human tissue is not particularly limited as long as it is a tissue containing the T cell, and examples thereof include peripheral blood, lymph nodes, bone marrow, thymus, spleen, umbilical cord blood, and lesioned tissue. Among these, peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood are preferable from the viewpoint of low invasiveness to humans and easy preparation.
- a known technique for isolating human T cells includes, for example, flow cytometry using an antibody against a cell surface marker such as CD4 and a cell sorter as shown in the Examples described later.
- desired T cells can be isolated using cytokine secretion or functional molecule expression as an index.
- T cells have different cytokines secreted depending on Th1 type or Th2 type. Therefore, T cells having a desired Th type can be isolated by selecting such cytokines as indicators. .
- cytotoxic (killer) T cells can be isolated using secretion or production of granzyme or perforin as an index.
- WT1 antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells can be obtained by stimulating lymphocytes obtained from humans by conventional methods with WT1 antigen or its epitope peptide. A plurality of epitope peptides of the WT1 antigen have been identified, and methods for inducing WT1-specific cytotoxic T cells are well known. Alternatively, lymphocytes may be stimulated using cancer cells that express the WT1 antigen.
- the WT1 antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells may be derived from cells of a patient suffering from a cancer that expresses the WT1 antigen or a subject with a history of such cancer, or from a healthy person.
- EB virus-related antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells can be obtained by stimulating lymphocytes obtained from humans by a conventional method with an EB virus-related antigen, such as LMP2 antigen or an epitope peptide thereof.
- an EB virus-related antigen such as LMP2 antigen or an epitope peptide thereof.
- a plurality of epitope peptides of EB virus-related antigens have been identified, and methods for inducing EB virus-related antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells are well known.
- lymphocytes may be stimulated using cancer cells that express an EB virus-related antigen.
- EB virus-related antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells can be derived from cells of patients who have developed EB virus infection or EB virus-related cancer, or from healthy individuals with EB virus carriers. It may be derived from a healthy person who has never been infected.
- antigen-specific T cells are considered to be collected from patients with infectious diseases or cancer. This is because antigen-specific T cells are amplified in the body of an infectious disease or cancer patient, and it is thought that it is easy to detect / collect specific reactive T cells.
- the present application provides a method for collecting T cells specific for an antigen associated with a disease from a patient having such a disease and using it as a material for T-iPS cells for transplantation. On the other hand, the present application also provides a method for obtaining antigen-specific T cells from a healthy person.
- T-iPS cells obtained from T cells of healthy persons the following effects can be obtained: 1) Since various antigen-specific T cells can be induced from healthy human cells, T-iPS cells having many types of TCR genes can be prepared in advance. 2) Since it targets healthy people, it is easy to collect donors when creating a T-iPS bank.
- an “affinity column in which a target antigen is immobilized from a human cultured cell or human tissue containing a WT1 antigen-specific or EB virus-related antigen-specific T cell etc.
- a tetramerized MHC (major histocompatibility complex) to which a desired antigen is bound can be used.
- a method of purifying T cells having specific antigen specificity from human tissue, such as specificity to WT1 antigen or EB virus-related antigen can also be employed.
- Pluripotent stem cells are induced from WT1 or EB virus-related antigen-specific T cells obtained as described above.
- the method described in Vizcardo et al., Cell Stem Cell 12, 31-36 2013 may be used.
- a desired antigen-specific T cell can be obtained from a subject who has acquired immunity against the disease to be treated, and T-iPS cells can be obtained by introducing a yamanaka factor into this cell (Takahashi and Yamanaka, Cell 126, 663) -673 (2006), Takahashi et al., Cell 131, 861-872 (2007) -8and Grskovic et al., Nat. Rev. Drug Dscov. 10,915-929 (2011)).
- An induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell is a somatic cell-derived artificial stem cell that can be produced by allowing a specific reprogramming factor to act on a somatic cell, and has almost the same characteristics as an ES cell ( K. Takahashi and S. Yamanaka (2006) Cell, 126: 663-676; K. Takahashi et al. (2007), Cell, 131: 861-872; J. Yu et al. (2007), Science, 318: 1917-1920; Nakagawa, M. et al., Nat. Biotechnol. 26: 101-106 (2008); International Publication WO 2007/069666).
- the reprogramming factor is a gene specifically expressed in ES cells, its gene product or non-cording RNA, a gene that plays an important role in maintaining undifferentiation of ES cells, its gene product or non-coding RNA, or It may be constituted by a low molecular compound.
- genes included in the reprogramming factor include Oct3 / 4, Sox2, Sox1, Sox3, Sox15, Sox17, Klf4, Klf2, c-Myc, N-Myc, L-Myc, Nanog, Lin28, Fbx15, ERas, ECAT15 -2, Tcl1, beta-catenin, Lin28b, Sall1, Sall4, Esrrb, Nr5a2, Tbx3 or Glis1 etc.
- the reprogramming factor may be brought into contact with or introduced into a somatic cell by a known method according to its form.
- a protein form it may be introduced into a somatic cell by techniques such as lipofection, fusion with a cell membrane permeable peptide (eg, HIV-derived TAT and polyarginine), and microinjection.
- a cell membrane permeable peptide eg, HIV-derived TAT and polyarginine
- Virus vectors include retrovirus vectors, lentivirus vectors (cell, 126, pp.663-676, 2006; Cell, 131, pp.861-872, 2007; Science, 318, pp.1917-1920, 2007 ), Adenovirus vectors (Science, 322, 945-949, 2008), adeno-associated virus vectors, Sendai virus vectors (WO 2010/008054) and the like.
- artificial chromosome vectors examples include human artificial chromosomes (HAC), yeast artificial chromosomes (YAC), and bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC, PAC).
- HAC human artificial chromosomes
- YAC yeast artificial chromosomes
- BAC bacterial artificial chromosomes
- a plasmid a plasmid for mammalian cells can be used (Science, 322: 949-953, 2008).
- the vector can contain regulatory sequences such as a promoter, enhancer, ribosome binding sequence, terminator, polyadenylation site, etc. so that a nuclear reprogramming substance can be expressed.
- Selective marker sequences such as kanamycin resistance gene, ampicillin resistance gene, puromycin resistance gene, thymidine kinase gene, diphtheria toxin gene, reporter gene sequences such as green fluorescent protein (GFP), ⁇ -glucuronidase (GUS), FLAG, etc. Can be included.
- GFP green fluorescent protein
- GUS ⁇ -glucuronidase
- FLAG FLAG
- RNA incorporating 5-methylcytidine and pseudoouridine® may be used as an initialization factor (Warren® L, ® (2010) ® Cell® Stem® Cell. 7: 618-630).
- the culture solution for iPS cell induction is, for example, DMEM, DMEM / F12 or DME culture solution containing 10 to 15% FBS (in addition to LIF, penicillin / streptomycin, puromycin, L-glutamine, Non-essential amino acids, ⁇ -mercaptoethanol, etc. may be included as appropriate.) Or commercially available culture media [eg, culture medium for mouse ES cell culture (TX-WES culture medium, Thrombo X), primate ES cell culture Culture medium (primate ES / iPS cell culture medium, Reprocell), serum-free medium (mTeSR, Stemcell Technology)] and the like.
- FBS penicillin / streptomycin
- puromycin puromycin
- L-glutamine Non-essential amino acids
- ⁇ -mercaptoethanol etc.
- commercially available culture media eg, culture medium for mouse ES cell culture (TX-WES culture medium, Thrombo X), primate ES cell culture Culture
- a somatic cell is brought into contact with a reprogramming factor in DMEM or DMEM / F12 medium containing 10% FBS in the presence of 5% CO 2 at 37 ° C. for about 4 to 7 days.
- a reprogramming factor in DMEM or DMEM / F12 medium containing 10% FBS in the presence of 5% CO 2 at 37 ° C. for about 4 to 7 days.
- feeder cells for example, mitomycin C-treated STO cells, SNL cells, etc.
- culture medium for bFGF-containing primate ES cell culture about 10 days after contact of somatic cells and reprogramming factor
- the ES-like colonies can be generated about 30 to about 45 days or more after the contact.
- FBS-containing DMEM medium including LIF, penicillin / streptomycin, etc.
- feeder cells eg, mitomycin C-treated STO cells, SNL cells, etc.
- Puromycin, L-glutamine, non-essential amino acids, ⁇ -mercaptoethanol, etc. may be included as appropriate.
- somatic cells to be reprogrammed themselves are used (Takahashi K, et al. (2009), PLoS One.
- iPS cells may be established under hypoxic conditions (oxygen concentration of 0.1% or more and 15% or less) (Yoshida Y, et al. (2009), Cell Stem Cell. 5: 237 -241 or WO2010 / 013845). (The literature described in this paragraph constitutes part of this application by reference)
- histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors for example, small molecule inhibitors such as valproic acid (VPA), trichostatin A, sodium butyrate, MC 1293, M344, HDAC siRNA and shRNA (eg, nucleic acid expression inhibitors such as HDAC1 siRNA Smartpool ⁇ (Millipore), HuSH 29mer shRNA Constructs against HDAC1, etc.), MEK inhibitors (eg, PD184352, PD98059, U0126, SL327 and PD0325901) ), Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitors (eg, Bio and CHIR99021), DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (eg, 5-azacytidine), histone methyltransferase inhibitors (eg, small molecule inhibitors such as BIX-01294, Suv39hl, Nucleic acid expression inhibitors such as siRNA and shRNA for Suv39h2,
- HDAC siRNA and shRNA eg,
- the culture medium is exchanged with a fresh culture medium once a day from the second day onward.
- the number of somatic cells used for nuclear reprogramming is not limited, but ranges from about 5 ⁇ 10 3 to about 5 ⁇ 10 6 cells per 100 cm 2 of culture dish.
- IPS cells can be selected according to the shape of the formed colonies.
- a culture medium selective culture medium
- a drug resistance gene that is expressed in conjunction with a gene that is expressed when somatic cells are initialized for example, Oct3 / 4, Nanog
- iPS cells can be selected by adding a luminescent substrate in the case of a luminescent enzyme gene. Induced iPS cells (T-iPS cells) maintain the T cell receptor gene of the derived T cells.
- a WT1 gene or an EB virus-related antigen-specific TCR gene is introduced into a pluripotent stem cell.
- Antigen-specific TCR genes against WT1 and EB viruses have been reported for various cancers (eg Anticancer Research 32 (12); 5201-5209, 2012 and Jurgens et al, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 26:22, 2006) .
- the TCR gene may also isolate or induce a desired antigen-specific T cell from a cancer patient or an infectious disease patient, and isolate the TCR gene from the T cell.
- a desired antigen-specific TCR gene is introduced into a pluripotent stem cell derived from a donor cell, such as an iPS cell.
- the TCR gene may be placed on an appropriate vector and introduced into iPS cells.
- it can be introduced into somatic cells by techniques such as viruses, plasmids, artificial chromosomes, vectors, lipofection, liposomes, microinjection and the like.
- virus vectors include retrovirus vectors, lentivirus vectors, adenovirus vectors, adeno-associated virus vectors, Sendai virus vectors, and the like.
- artificial chromosome vectors examples include human artificial chromosomes (HAC), yeast artificial chromosomes (YAC), and bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC, PAC).
- HAC human artificial chromosomes
- YAC yeast artificial chromosomes
- BAC bacterial artificial chromosomes
- a plasmid a plasmid for mammalian cells can be used.
- the vector can contain regulatory sequences such as a promoter, an enhancer, a ribosome binding sequence, a terminator, a polyadenylation site, etc., so that TCR can be expressed.
- GFP green fluorescent protein
- GUS ⁇ -glucuronidase
- Pluripotent stem cells having the desired TCR gene are induced to differentiate into T progenitor cells or mature T cells.
- Examples of the method for inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to T cells include the methods described in Timmermans et al., “Journal” of “Immunology,” 2009, “182: 6879-6888”.
- T progenitor cell refers to a stage of a cell immediately before receiving positive selection / negative selection from a stage corresponding to a hematopoietic stem cell, which is the most undifferentiated cell among hematopoietic cells. To the equivalent of. T cell differentiation is described in Blood 111: 1318 (2008) and Nature Immunology 11: 585 (2010).
- T cells are roughly classified into ⁇ T cells and ⁇ T cells, and ⁇ T cells include killer T cells and helper T cells. This application covers all T cells.
- T cell includes both T progenitor cells and T mature cells, and preferably refers to a T cell that expresses CD3 and expresses at least one molecule selected from the group consisting of CD4 and CD8. Shall.
- WT1 antigen expression has been confirmed at a high rate in various types of solid cancers and blood system cancers.
- the present application can be applied to immune cell therapy for cancers that express such WT1 antigen.
- T-iPS cells derived from WT1 antigen-specific T cells or LMP2 antigen-specific T cells of healthy individuals can be prepared, and T cells prepared from the T-iPS cells can be used. After confirming the function of T cells regenerated from the T-iPS cells using normal human cells from which the T-iPS cells are derived, the T-iPS cells are banked and stored.
- the target of treatment is to examine the HLA of patients suffering from cancer expressing WT1 antigen, select compatible HLA-derived cells from banked T-iPS cells, and T cells prepared from the T-iPS cells Can be used for cell immunotherapy. If T-iPS cells are previously induced to differentiate into T cells and cryopreserved, they can be rapidly administered to more patients. In addition, the administered cells will eventually be rejected, so there is no need to consider the risk of canceration of the administered cells.
- induced T cells are suspended in an appropriate medium, such as physiological saline or PBS, and administered to a target patient whose HLA matches a certain level or more.
- an appropriate medium such as physiological saline or PBS
- administration to the patient may be performed intravenously.
- the dose is not limited, but in the case of mature T cells, 10 6 -10 7 cells / kg is administered intravenously to the patient one or more times. In the case of T progenitor cells, the dose may be about 1/1000 to 1/1000.
- the number of cells to be administered is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately determined according to the patient's age, sex, height, weight, target disease, symptoms, and the like.
- the optimal number of cells to be administered may be appropriately determined by clinical trials.
- T cells can target various antigens, and the method of the present application can be applied to immune cell therapy targeting various diseases such as cancer, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and allergies.
- WT1 gene is, for example, hematopoietic tumor such as leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, multiple myeloma, malignant lymphoma, stomach cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, germ cell cancer, liver cancer, skin cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer,
- WT1-specific T-iPS cell or a cell obtained by inducing differentiation of a CTL cell from a TCR-iPS cell that is highly expressed in a natural type in a solid cancer such as uterine cancer, cervical cancer, and ovarian cancer Application to immunocell therapy of these various cancers that express the WT1 gene is possible.
- Epstein-Barr (EB) virus is a virus that causes various diseases, but it can also cause cancers such as infectious mononucleosis, malignant lymphoma (Burkitt reformer), and nasopharyngeal cancer.
- T-iPS cells having TCR specific to LMP2 antigen which is an EB virus-related antigen, or cells obtained by differentiating CTL cells from TCR-iPS cells
- EB virus-related infections and cancers such as Hodgkin's disease, It can be applied to Burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, some gastric cancer, and immunotherapy after transplantation.
- T-iPS cells are induced from T cells having specificity for LMP2 antigen derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from EB virus-infected patients (clone LMP2 # 1), and LMP2 antigen-specific CTL ( Regenerated LMP2-CTL # 1) was induced.
- EB virus is a virus that causes infectious mononucleosis in the acute phase and sometimes causes cancer such as Burkitt lymphoma.
- T cells are provided by healthy individuals who have a history of infection with the EB virus.
- the donor is a so-called EB virus carrier because the virus stays in life after infection in lymphocytes. Therefore, this provider can be regarded as a chronic virus infected person although it does not develop.
- LMP2 antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- CTL cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- Monocytes were isolated using CD14 microbeads from the peripheral blood of a healthy volunteer A who has HLA-A2402 and is also infected with EB virus. After washing, dendritic cell culture medium was added to adjust to 5 ⁇ 10 5 / mL. 2.
- Cytokines were added to final concentrations of GM-CSF 800 U / mL (or 50 ng / mL) and IL-4 200 U / mL (or 40 ng / mL). Pour onto a 6-well plate at 5 mL / well. Incubated at 37 ° C. with 5% CO 2 . 3.
- GM-CSF was added to fresh dendritic cell medium at a concentration of 800 U / mL and IL-4 at a concentration of 200 U / mL. 4. 3 mL of new dendritic cell culture medium was added to each well. 5. On Day 6, immature MoDCs were collected from the plates and suspended in a small amount of fresh dendritic cell medium. 6. The cell concentration was adjusted to 5 ⁇ 10 5 / mL. 7.
- GM-CSF (hereinafter, final concentration: 800 U / mL), IL-4 (200 U / mL), TNF- ⁇ (10 ng / mL), PGE2 (1 ⁇ g / mL), and 24-well plate cells were seeded at approximately 5 X 10 5/1 mL / well to. 8. The cells were cultured at 37 ° C and 5% CO2 for 24 hours. 9. Peptide was added during the last 2 hours of the culture. The final concentration of peptide was 10 ⁇ m. DCs were collected and washed twice with T cell medium. 10. The number of DC cells was counted and adjusted to 2 ⁇ 10 5 / mL with T cell medium.
- LCL LCL was collected from the culture and irradiated with 35 Gy. 2. Suspended in T cell medium and adjusted to 5 ⁇ 10 5 / mL. 3. Peptide was added at 100 nM and cultured for 2 hours. 4. LCL was collected, washed with T cell medium, and adjusted to 2 ⁇ 10 5 / mL.
- IL-7 final concentration 5 ng / mL
- IL-15 final concentration 1 ng / mL
- the culture was carried out for 2 weeks while changing the medium with a T cell medium supplemented with cytokines every week. (First course of peptide stimulation with LCL) 4. LCL was further cultured for 2 hours in a medium supplemented with 100 nM peptide, and CTL was added thereto. 5.
- IL-7 final concentration 5 ng / mL
- IL-15 final concentration 1 ng / mL
- LMP2-specific killer activity of LMP2-specific CTL 1.
- the OUN-1 leukemia cell line used as a target cell was labeled with CFSE, suspended in T cell medium, and cultured in the presence of LMP2 peptide 1 nM for 2 hours.
- LMP2-specific killer T cells and OUN-1 leukemia cell lines proliferated by peptide stimulation on 96-well U-bottom plates become 0: 1, 1: 9, 1: 3, 1: 1, 3: 1 respectively.
- the dead cell ratio of the target cells in the presence or absence of the peptide was assayed by the ratio of Annexin V and PI (Propidium Iodide) found in the CFSE positive fraction. The results are shown in FIG. 3. It was confirmed that LMP2-specific killer T cells exhibited antigen-specific killer activity against target cells.
- LMP2-T-iPS cells A. Activation of LMP2-specific CTL 1. CD8 positive cells were concentrated with MACS beads. 2. All cells were suspended in T cell medium, and IL-7 (final concentration 5 ng / mL) and IL-15 (final concentration 10 ng / mL) were added. Furthermore, Dynabeads Human T-Activator CD3 / CD28 was added so that T cell: beads became 1: 1, and CD8 positive cells were activated by culturing for 2 days.
- the penicillin / streptomycin solution consisted of penicillin 10000 U / mL and streptomycin 10000 ⁇ g / mL, with final concentrations of 100 U / mL and 100 ⁇ g / mL, respectively.
- the penicillin / streptomycin solution consisted of penicillin 10000 U / mL and streptomycin 10000 ⁇ g / mL, with final concentrations of 100 U / mL and 100 ⁇ g / mL, respectively.
- OP9 cells 6 ml of 0.1% gelatin / PBS solution was placed in a 10 cm culture dish and allowed to stand at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes or more. Confluent OP9 cells were detached with a trypsin / EDTA solution and seeded in a 10 cm culture dish coated with a 1/4 equivalent amount of gelatin. Medium A was added to medium A to 10 ml. 10 ml of medium A was newly added to the OP9 cell culture dish seeded 4 days later so that the total volume became 20 ml.
- the medium of OP9 cells used for blood cell progenitor cell induction co-culture from iPS cells was aspirated and replaced with fresh medium A.
- the medium of the iPS cell culture dish was aspirated and 10 ml of fresh medium A was added.
- the iPS cell mass was cut with an EZ-passage roller. The cut iPS cell mass was suspended by pipetting with a 200 ul pipetman, and approximately 600 iPS cell masses were visually seeded on OP9 cells. Three or more dishes were used per iPS cell clone, and when subcultured, the cells were combined once and then redistributed to the same number to reduce variability between dishes.
- Day 1 (medium change) It was confirmed whether the iPS cell mass started to adhere and differentiate, and the medium was replaced with fresh medium A 20 ml.
- Day 5 (change medium half amount) Half of the medium was replaced with 10 ml of fresh medium A.
- Day 9 (medium exchange) Half of the medium was replaced with 10 ml of fresh medium A.
- Day 13 Transfer induced mesoderm cells from OP9 cells to OP9 / DLL1 cells
- the medium was aspirated and the medium on the cell surface was washed away with HBSS (+ Mg + Ca). Thereafter, 10 ml of a 250 U collagenase IV / HBSS (+ Mg + Ca) solution was added, followed by incubation at 37 ° C. for 45 minutes.
- the collagenase solution was aspirated and washed with 10 ml of PBS (-). Thereafter, 5 ml of 0.05% trypsin / EDTA solution was added, followed by incubation at 37 ° C. for 20 minutes. After culturing, the cells were peeled off in a film form, so they were physically made fine by pipetting (to separate the adherent cells). 20 ml of fresh medium A was added thereto, and further cultured at 37 ° C. for 45 minutes. After culture, the supernatant containing floating cells was collected through a 100 ⁇ m mesh. After centrifuging at 4 ° C. and 1200 rpm for 7 minutes, the pellet was suspended in 10 ml of medium B.
- FACS analysis was performed to confirm the differentiation stage during the culture period. Many dead cells were observed during the culture in all periods. Therefore, at the time of FACS analysis, PI (Propidium Iodide), 7-AAD, etc. were used to analyze after removing dead cells.
- PI Propidium Iodide
- 7-AAD 7-AAD
- IL-15 was added here to induce mature killer T cells (CD8SP cells).
- CD8SP cells mature killer T cells
- LCL used as target cells was labeled with CFSE, suspended in T cell medium, and cultured in the presence of LMP2 peptide 1 nM for 2 hours. 2.
- regenerated CD8 T cells and LCL used as target cells are 0: 1, 1: 9, 1: 3, 1: 1, 3: 1, 10: 1, 30: 1, respectively.
- the dead cell ratio of the target cells in the presence (p +) or absence (p-) of the peptide was assayed by Annexin V and PI (Propidium Iodide) found in the CFSE positive fraction. 3.
- the results are shown in FIG. LMP2-specific killer T cells were confirmed to exhibit antigen-specific killer activity with respect to LCL (HLA-A2402) used as target cells.
- LMP2 peptide-specific CTL is induced according to the procedure of Example 1, T-iPS cells are induced from the CTL (clone LMP2 # 13), and further from T-iPS cells.
- CD8 single positive T cells were obtained.
- the LMP2 peptide used is the same as in Example 1.
- the peptide-specific CTL activity of the obtained regenerated LMP2-CTL (# 13) was confirmed by the cytotoxic activity using the peptide-loaded LCL cells as target cells. The results are shown in FIG.
- Regenerated LMP2-CTL (# 13) showed high antigen-specific cytotoxic activity against target cells loaded with peptides.
- T-iPS cells are induced from WT1 antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL) induced from the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers (clone WT1 # 9), and from the T-iPS cells, WT1 antigen-specific mature T cells ( Regenerative WT1-CTL (# 9)) was induced.
- CTL cytotoxic T cells
- Regenerative WT1-CTL (# 9) WT1 antigen-specific mature T cells
- the embodiment has the following configuration. 1) Amplification of WT1 antigen-specific CTL 2) Establishment of WT1-T-iPS cells 3) Differentiation induction from WT1-T-iPS cells to CD8 single positive T cells (CTL) 4) Confirmation of antigen-specific cytotoxic activity of regenerated WT1-CTL obtained in 3)
- WT1 antigen-specific CTL Amplification of WT1 antigen-specific CTL
- the culture media used are as follows.
- the WT1 peptide used is as follows.
- WT1 modified: CYTWNQMNL (SEQ ID NO: 2), Cancer Immunol. Immunothera. 51: 614 (2002)) Modified versions of WT1 peptide and WT1 tetramer used below were used.
- LCL Lymphoblastoid cell line
- LCL was LCL having HLA-A2402 collected from healthy volunteers at the Kyoto University Hospital Hematological Oncology Department (Kyoto City, Japan) as follows.
- A. Isolation of T cells from human peripheral blood and stimulation with peptides 1. Mononuclear cells were purified by Ficoll from the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers and suspended in T cell medium. The HLA types of healthy volunteers are HLA-A * 02: 01/24: 02; B * 15: 01/15: 11; C * 03: 03/08: 01; DRB1 * 12: 01/12: 02 . 2. Cells were seeded on a 96-well U-bottom plate at 2.5 ⁇ 10 5 / mL per well, and the peptide was added to 10 ⁇ m.
- IL-2 final concentration 12.5 U / mL
- IL-7 final concentration 5 ng / mL
- IL-15 final concentration 1 ng / mL
- LCL LCL was collected and irradiated with 35 Gy. 2. Suspended in T cell medium and adjusted to 5 ⁇ 10 5 / mL. 3. Peptide was added at 100 nM and cultured for 2 hours. 4. LCL was collected, washed with T cell medium, and adjusted to 2 ⁇ 10 5 / mL.
- IL-2 final concentration 12.5 U / mL
- IL-7 final concentration 5 ng / mL
- IL-15 final concentration 1 ng / mL
- the culture was carried out for 2 weeks while changing the medium with a T cell medium supplemented with cytokines every week. (First course of peptide stimulation with LCL) 4.
- LCL was further cultured for 2 hours in a medium supplemented with 100 nM peptide, and CTL was added thereto. 5.
- IL-2 final concentration 12.5 U / mL
- IL-7 final concentration 5 ng / mL
- IL-15 final concentration 1 ng / mL
- the culture was carried out for 2 weeks while changing the medium with a T cell medium supplemented with cytokines every week. (Second course of peptide stimulation by LCL) 6. LCL was further cultured for 2 hours in medium supplemented with 100 nM peptide, and CTL was added thereto. 7. On the third day, IL-2 (final concentration 12.5 U / mL), IL-7 (final concentration 5 ng / mL), and IL-15 (final concentration 1 ng / mL) were added. The culture was carried out for 2 weeks while changing the medium with a T cell medium supplemented with cytokines every week. (3rd peptide stimulation with LCL) 8. Flow cytometric analysis was performed. The results are shown in FIG. It was confirmed that the CD8 positive WT1 tetramer positive fraction was detected in the CD8 positive T cells at a rate of 60% or more.
- the penicillin / streptomycin solution consisted of penicillin 10000 U / mL and streptomycin 10000 ⁇ g / mL, with final concentrations of 100 U / mL and 100 ⁇ g / mL, respectively.
- OP9 cells 6 ml of 0.1% gelatin / PBS solution was placed in a 10 cm culture dish and allowed to stand at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes or more. Confluent OP9 cells were detached with trypsin / EDTA solution and seeded on a 10cm culture dish coated with 1/4 of gelatin. Medium A was added to medium A to 10 ml. 10 ml of medium A was newly added to the OP9 cell culture dish seeded 4 days later so that the total volume became 20 ml.
- the medium of OP9 cells used for blood cell progenitor cell induction co-culture from iPS cells was aspirated and replaced with fresh medium A.
- the medium of the iPS cell culture dish was aspirated and 10 ml of new medium A was added.
- IPS cells were cut with an EZ-passage roller. The cut iPS cell mass was suspended by pipetting with a 200 ul pipetman, and approximately 600 iPS cell masses were visually seeded on OP9 cells. Using three or more dishes per clone of iPS cells, and subculture, the cells were combined once and then redistributed to the same number to reduce variability between dishes.
- Day 1 (medium change) The iPS cell mass was confirmed to be attached and differentiated, and the medium was replaced with fresh medium A 20 ml.
- Day 5 (change medium half amount) Half of the medium was replaced with 10 ml of fresh medium A.
- Day 9 (medium exchange) Half of the medium was replaced with 10 ml of fresh medium A.
- Day 13 Transfer induced mesoderm cells from OP9 cells to OP9 / DLL1 cells
- the medium was aspirated and the medium on the cell surface was washed away with HBSS (+ Mg + Ca). Thereafter, 10 ml of a 250 U collagenase IV / HBSS (+ Mg + Ca) solution was added, followed by incubation at 37 ° C. for 45 minutes.
- the induced T cells become T cells showing the same antigen specificity as the original T cells. Moreover, since the obtained T cell expresses the surface antigen which a mature cell emits, it was confirmed that it is functionally well matured.
- LCL used as target cells was labeled with CFSE, suspended in T cell medium, and cultured for 2 hours in the presence of WT1 peptide (SEQ ID NO: 2). 2. In a 96-well U-bottom plate, mix the regenerated CD8 single positive T cells and the LCL used as target cells in a ratio of 0: 1, 1: 3, 1: 1, 3: 1, 9: 1 respectively. The co-culture was performed in the presence or absence of various concentrations of peptides. After 6 hours, the dead cell ratio of the target cells was assayed by the ratio of Annexin V positive cells found in the CFSE positive fraction.
- WT1 peptide-specific CTL is induced from the same healthy volunteer as in Example 3 according to the procedure of Example 3, T-iPS cells (clone WT1 # 3-3) are induced from the CTL, and T-iPS cells are further induced. From CD8 single positive T cells (regenerated WT1-CTL (# 3-3)). The WT1 peptide used is the same as in Example 3. The peptide-specific CTL activity of the obtained regenerated WT1-CTL (# 3-3) was confirmed by a cytotoxic activity test using LCL cells loaded with the peptide as target cells.
- cytotoxic activity against leukemia cell line THP1 expressing WT1 antigen of regenerated WT1-CTL (# 3-3) and leukemia cell line HL60 also expressing WT1 antigen, and the cytotoxic activity against antibodies against HLA class I I checked if it could be blocked.
- the results are shown in FIG. 17 and FIG.
- Regenerated WT1-CTL (# 3-3) showed cytotoxic activity against both THP-1 and HL60 strains expressing WT1, and such cytotoxic activity was completely blocked with antibodies against HLA class I. From this result, it is considered that regenerated WT1-CTL (# 3-3) kills leukemia cells specifically for the WT1 antigen.
- HLA haplotype homo-iPS cells into which class I-restricted WT1 antigen-specific TCR has been introduced
- the cells to be introduced are the same as in Example 2, Department of Regenerative Immunology, Kyoto University Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Kyoto, Japan) HLA haplotype homo-type iPS cells prepared from normal human peripheral blood monocytes were used.
- the introduced WT1-specific TCR gene is a class I-restricted WT1-specific clone cloned from Clonn # 9 and Clone # 3-3 in the Department of Regenerative Immunology, Kyoto University, Kyoto University. TCR gene.
- RACE rapid amplification of cDNA ends
- LMP2-T-iPS cells are converted into complete single cells using TrypLE Select (Life Technologies). After centrifugation, the pellet was suspended in the lentivirus supernatant, centrifuged at 32 ° C. and 3000 rpm for 1 hour, and infected with LMP2-T-iPS cells to introduce WT1-TCR into LMP2-T-iPS cells.
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Abstract
Description
1)健常人の細胞から種々の抗原特異的T細胞を誘導することができるため、予め多くの種類のTCR遺伝子を有するT-iPS細胞をつくっておくことができる。
2)健常人を対象とするので、T-iPSバンクを作製にあたってドナーを集めやすい。
種々のがんについてWT1やEBウイルスに対する抗原特異的TCR遺伝子が報告されている(例えばAnticancer Research 32(12); 5201-5209, 2012 およびJurgens et al, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 26:22, 2006)。TCR遺伝子はまた、所望の抗原特異的T細胞をがん患者や感染症患者から単離または誘導し、当該T細胞からTCRの遺伝子を単離してもよい。本願においては、所望の抗原特異的TCR遺伝子をドナー細胞から誘導された多能性幹細胞、例えばiPS細胞へ導入する。TCR遺伝子のiPS細胞への導入は常套の方法で行えばよく、例えばMorgan R.A. et al, Science, 314:126. 2006に記載の方法に準じて行えば良い。具体的にはTCR遺伝子を適当なベクターに載せてiPS細胞へ導入すればよい。例えば、ウイルス、プラスミド、人工染色体などのベクター、リポフェクション、リポソーム、マイクロインジェクションなどの手法によって体細胞内に導入することができる。ウイルスベクターとしては、レトロウイルスベクター、レンチウイルスベクター、アデノウイルスベクター、アデノ随伴ウイルスベクター、センダイウイルスベクターなどが例示される。また、人工染色体ベクターとしては、例えばヒト人工染色体(HAC)、酵母人工染色体(YAC)、細菌人工染色体(BAC、PAC)などが含まれる。プラスミドとしては、哺乳動物細胞用プラスミドを使用しうる。ベクターには、TCRが発現可能なように、プロモーター、エンハンサー、リボゾーム結合配列、ターミネーター、ポリアデニル化サイトなどの制御配列を含むことができるし、さらに、必要に応じて、薬剤耐性遺伝子(例えばカナマイシン耐性遺伝子、アンピシリン耐性遺伝子、ピューロマイシン耐性遺伝子など)、チミジンキナーゼ遺伝子、ジフテリアトキシン遺伝子などの選択マーカー配列、緑色蛍光タンパク質(GFP)、βグルクロニダーゼ(GUS)、FLAGなどのレポーター遺伝子配列などを含むことができる。
治療対象とするのはWT1抗原を発現するがんに罹った患者のHLAを調べ、バンク化したT-iPS細胞から適合するHLA由来の細胞を選択し、当該T-iPS細胞から作製したT細胞を用いて細胞免疫治療が可能である。T-iPS細胞を予めT細胞まで分化誘導させた上で凍結保存しておけば、より多くの患者により迅速に投与できる。また投与した細胞はいずれ拒絶されるので投与細胞のがん化のリスクは考えなくてよい。
T細胞は多様な抗原を攻撃対象とすることができ、本願の方法はがん、感染症、自己免疫疾患、アレルギーなどいろいろな疾患を対象とした免疫細胞療法への応用が可能である。
i)以下の培地を用いた。
樹状細胞用培地: CellGro (CellGenix)
LMP2: IYVLVMLVL(配列番号1)
LMP2テトラマーはMBLより購入した。
iii)以下のLCL(Lymphoblastoid cell line)を用いた。
京都大学病院血液腫瘍内科(日本国京都府京都市)にて健常人ボランティアAから採取されたHLA-A2402を有するLCLを用いた。健常人ボランティアAはEBウイルス既感染者であり、そのHLA型はHLA-A*02:06/24:02;B*39:01/40:02; C*07:02/15:02; DRB1*04:10/09:01である。
1. HLA-A2402を有しかつEBウイルス既感染者でもある健常人ボランティアAの末梢血よりCD14 microbeadsを用いて単球を単離した。洗浄後、樹状細胞用培地を加え、5 x 105/mLに調整した。
2. 最終濃度GM-CSF 800 U/mL (or 50 ng/mL)、IL-4 200 U/mL (or 40 ng/mL)になるようサイトカインを加えた。6-well plateに5 mL/wellでまく。37℃、5% CO2でインキュベートした。
3. インキュベートを3日間 (以下“Day 3”様に記載する) した後に、培養上清を2.5 mL/wellずつ、静かに取って捨てた。新しい樹状細胞用培地にGM-CSFを800 U/mL、IL-4を200 U/mLの濃度になるように加えた。
4. 各wellに3 mLずつ、新しい樹状細胞用培地を加えた。
5. Day 6に未成熟MoDCをプレートから回収し、少量の新しい樹状細胞用培地に浮遊させた。
6. 5 X 105/mLになるように細胞濃度を調整した。
7. GM-CSF (以下、最終濃度: 800 U/mL)、IL-4 (200 U/mL)、TNF-α (10 ng/mL)、PGE2 (1 μg/mL)を加え、24穴プレートに約5 X 105/1 mL/wellで細胞を播種した。
8. 37℃、5% CO2で24時間培養した。
9. 上記培養の最後の2時間にペプチドを加えた。ペプチドの最終濃度は10μmとした。
DCを回収し、T細胞用培地で2回洗浄した。
10. DCの細胞数を数え、T細胞用培地で2 X 105/mLに調製した。
1. Aと同一の健常人ボランティアの末梢血より、CD3 microbeadsを用いてMACSにてT細胞を単離した。洗浄後、T細胞用培地を加え、2 x 106/mLに調整した。この時一部の細胞をフローサイトメトリー解析のために取り分けた。
2. 24穴プレートに、DC浮遊液(2 X 105/mL)を0.5mL/well、T細胞浮遊液(2 X 105/mL)を0.5mL/wellとなるように加えた。(DC: T = 1 X 105/well: 1 X 106/well = 1:10)
3. 3日目にIL-7(最終濃度5 ng/mL)、IL-15(最終濃度 10 ng/mL)を加えた。
4. 14日目に細胞を回収した。
1. LCLを培養中から回収し、35Gyの放射線照射を行った。
2. T細胞用培地に浮遊させ、5 X 105/mLとなるように調整した。
3. ペプチドを100nMで添加し2時間培養した。
4. LCLを回収し、T細胞用培地で洗浄後、2 X 105/mLとなるように調整した。
1. 樹状細胞で刺激したT細胞をT細胞用培地に浮遊させ、2X106 cells/mLの濃度に懸濁した。
2. 24穴プレートに、ペプチドを加えて培養したLCL浮遊液(2X105/mL)を0.5mL/well、T細胞浮遊液(2 X 105/mL)を0.5mL/wellとなるように加えた(LCL:T = 1 X 105/well: 1 X 106/well = 1:10)。同時にペプチドを100nMとなるように添加した。
3. 3日目にIL-7(最終濃度5 ng/mL)、IL-15(最終濃度 1 ng/mL)を加えた。1週間ごとにサイトカインを添加したT細胞用培地で培地交換しながら2週間培養を行った。(LCLによるペプチド刺激1クール目)
4. 再度100nMのペプチドと加えた培地でLCLを2時間培養し、ここに CTLを加えた。
5. 3日目にIL-7(最終濃度5 ng/mL)とIL-15(最終濃度 1 ng/mL)を加えた。1週間ごとにサイトカインを添加したT細胞用培地で培地交換しながら2週間培養を行った。(LCLによるペプチド刺激2クール目)
6. フローサイトメトリー解析により、CD8陽性T細胞中にCD8陽性LMP-2テトラマー陽性細胞が80%以上の割合で検出されることを確認した。結果を図1に示す。
1. 標的細胞として用いるOUN-1白血病細胞株をCFSEラベルし、T細胞用培地に懸濁後、LMP2ペプチド1nM存在下で2時間培養を行った。
2. 96穴U底プレートに、ペプチド刺激によって増殖したLMP2特異的キラーT細胞とOUN-1白血病細胞株をそれぞれ0:1、1:9、1:3、1:1、3:1となるように混合し、ペプチド存在下もしくは非存在下において標的細胞の死細胞比率をCFSE陽性分画中に見られるAnnexinVとPI(Propidium Iodide)の比率によって検定した。結果を図2に示す。
3. LMP2特異的キラーT細胞は標的細胞に対し、抗原特異的キラー活性を示すことを確認した。
A. LMP2特異的CTLの活性化
1. MACS beadsによりCD8陽性細胞を濃縮した。
2. 全ての細胞をT細胞用培地に浮遊させ、IL-7(最終濃度5 ng/mL)、IL-15(最終濃度 10 ng/mL)を加えた。さらにDynabeads Human T-Activator CD3/CD28をT細胞:beadsが1:1となるように添加し、2日間培養することでCD8陽性細胞を活性化した。
1. 活性化させたLMP2特異的CTLをT細胞用培地に浮遊させ、山中4因子とSV40が組み込まれたセンダイウィルスを培地中に添加し、そのまま2日間培養した。
2. T細胞用培地で洗浄し、さらにIL-7(最終濃度5 ng/mL)、IL-15(最終濃度 1ng/mL)を加えたT細胞用培地で2日間培養した。
3. 全ての細胞を回収後、IL-7(最終濃度5 ng/mL)、IL-15(最終濃度 1ng/mL)を添加したT細胞用培地でT細胞を懸濁し、フィーダー細胞上に播種した。
4. 2日目にiPS細胞用培地にて半量交換し、翌日から毎日iPS細胞用培地への半量交換を行い続け、培養を続けた。
1. 培養3週間後にiPS細胞コロニーを目視により確認した。
2. 200ulチップによりコロニーを物理的に拾い上げた。
3. 各クローンを個別にiPS細胞として樹立した。得られたクローンの写真を図3に示す。
各培地として下記の組成を用いた。
0.1% ゼラチン/PBS溶液6mlを10cm培養ディッシュに入れ、37℃で30分以上静置した。コンフルエントになったOP9細胞をトリプシン/EDTA溶液で剥がし、1/4相当量をゼラチンコートした10cm培養ディッシュに播種した。培地はmedium Aを10mlとなるように加えた。
4日後に播種したOP9細胞培養ディッシュに新たにmedium Aを10ml加え、全量が20mlとなるようにした。
共培養に使用するOP9細胞の培地を吸引し、新しいmedium Aに交換した。またiPS細胞培養ディッシュの培地も同様に吸引し、新しいmedium Aを10ml加えた。EZ-passageローラーでiPS細胞塊を切った。カットしたiPS細胞塊を200ulピペットマンでピペッティングすることで浮遊させ、目視でおおよそ600個のiPS細胞塊をOP9細胞上に播種した。
iPS細胞1クローンあたり3枚以上のディッシュを用い、継代するときには細胞を一度一つに合わせてから同じ枚数に再分配することでディッシュ間のばらつきを減らした。
iPS細胞塊が接着し分化し始めているかどうかを確認し、培地を新しいmedium A 20mlに交換した。
Day 5 (培地半量交換)
半量分の培地を新しいmedium A 10mlに交換した。
Day 9 (培地交換)
半量分の培地を新しいmedium A 10mlに交換した。
Day 13 (誘導した中胚葉細胞をOP9細胞上からOP9/DLL1細胞上へ移しかえる)
培地を吸引し、HBSS(+Mg+Ca)で細胞表面上の培地を洗い流した。その後250U collagenase IV/HBSS(+Mg+Ca) 溶液10mlを加え、37℃で45分間培養した。
次いで細胞をOP9/DLL1細胞上に播種した。この工程において、CD34lowCD43+細胞分画の細胞のソーティングは行わなかった。(この分画をソーティングした場合、得られる細胞数が減少してしまうことやソーティングによる細胞へのダメージから、ソーティングしなかった場合に比べてT細胞への分化誘導効率が落ちることがある。)
OP9細胞に緩く接着している細胞を、穏やかに複数回ピペッティングし、100μmのメッシュを通して50mlコニカルチューブに回収した。4℃、1200rpmで7分間遠心し、ペレットを10mlのmedium Bに懸濁させた。これらの細胞を新たに用意したOP9/DLL1細胞上に播種した。
OP9細胞に緩く接着している細胞を、穏やかに複数回ピペッティングし、100μmのメッシュを通して50mlコニカルチューブに回収した。4℃、1200rpmで7分間遠心し、ペレットを10mlのmedium Bに懸濁させた。
LMP2特異的T細胞が誘導されているかどうかを確かめるために抗CD3抗体、LMP2テトラマーを用いてFACS解析した。
結果を図5に示す。T細胞マーカーであるCD3+細胞がみられるようになり、一部の細胞はCD3+LMP2テトラマー+にまで分化していることが確認された。
Day36において、フローサイトメトリーでLMP2陽性T細胞を確認後、成熟キラーT細胞(CD8SP細胞)を誘導するためにここでIL-15を添加した。24穴プレートに新たにOP9/DLL1細胞を用意しておき、medium Cに懸濁したT細胞を3x105個/wellとなるように播種し。ここにIL-15(最終濃度10ng/mL)を添加した。
IL-15添加の5日目に、FACS解析した。結果を図6に示す。成熟CD8シングルポジティブ細胞が生成したことが確認された。
1. 標的細胞として用いるLCLをCFSEラベルし、T細胞用培地に懸濁後、LMP2ペプチド1nM存在下で2時間培養を行った。
2. 96穴U底プレートに、再生したCD8T細胞と標的細胞として用いるLCLをれぞれ0:1、1:9、 1:3、 1:1、 3:1、10:1、30:1となるように混合し、ペプチド存在下(p+)もしくは非存在下(p-)において標的細胞の死細胞比率をCFSE陽性分画中に見られるAnnexinVとPI(Propidium Iodide)によって検定した。
3. 結果を図7に示す。LMP2特異的キラーT細胞は標的細胞として用いたLCL(HLA-A2402)に対し、抗原特異的キラー活性を示すことが確認された。
1. 標的細胞としてHLAを表面に発現しないK562細胞株(アロ反応性)と健常人ボランティアAの自己末梢単核球(MA p-)(オート反応性)を用いた。これらの細胞をCFSEにてラベルし、T細胞用培地に懸濁した。
2. 96穴U底プレートに、再生したCD8T細胞と標的細胞として用いるLCLをれぞれ0:1、1:9、 1:3、 1:1、 3:1となるように混合し、標的細胞の死細胞比率をCFSE陽性分画中に見られるAnnexinVとPI(Propidium Iodide)によって検定した。
3. 結果を図8に示す。LMP2特異的キラーT細胞は自己末梢単核球(MA p-)は傷害しなかったが、K562に対して高いキラー活性を示したことから、ナチュラルキラー様キラー活性を示すことを確認した。
方法)
1. 標的細胞として用いるLCLをCFSEラベルし、T細胞用培地に懸濁後、LMP2ペプチド存在下で2時間培養を行った。
2. 96穴U底プレートに、再生したCD8シングルポジティブT細胞(再生LMP2-CTL(#1))と標的細胞として用いるLCLをそれぞれ0:1、1:3、1:1、3:1、9:1となるように混合し、いろいろな濃度のLMP2ペプチド存在下もしくは非存在下において共培養を行った。6時間後に、標的細胞の死細胞比率をCFSE陽性分画中に見られるAnnexinV陽性細胞率によって検定した。結果を図9に示す。
3.再生LMP2-CTL(#1)はペプチドをロードした標的細胞に対して高い抗原特異的細胞傷害活性を示した。
TCRα鎖 TRAV26-1*01-CIVTRFYTDKLIF-TRAJ34*01 (配列番号3)
TCRβ鎖 TRBV14*02-CASSSPGSRPYNEQFF-TRBJ2-1*01 (配列番号4)
HLA-A*02:10/24:02;B*07:02/40:06; C*07:02/08:01; DRB1*04:05/04:05
TCRα鎖 TRAV25*01-CAGERGSTLGRLYF-TRAJ18*01 (配列番号5)
TCRβ鎖 TRBV7-9*03-CASSPLSTGNYEQYF-TRBJ2-7*01 (配列番号6)
1)WT1抗原特異的CTLの増幅
2) WT1-T-iPS細胞の樹立
3) WT1-T-iPS細胞からCD8シングルポジティブT細胞(CTL)への分化誘導
4) 3)で得た再生WT1-CTLの抗原特異的細胞傷害活性の確認
i)用いた培地は以下の通りである。
WT1 (改変型:CYTWNQMNL(配列番号2)、 Cancer Immunol. Immunothera. 51: 614 (2002))
以下で使用しているWT1ペプチド、WT1テトラマーともに改変型を用いた。
iii) 用いたLCL(Lymphoblastoid cell line)は以下のとおりである
京都大学病院血液腫瘍内科(日本国京都府京都市)にて健常人ボランティアから採取されたHLA-A2402を有するLCLを用いた。
1. 健常人ボランティアの末梢血より単核球をFicollによって精製し、T細胞培地で懸濁した。健常人ボランティアのHLA型はHLA-A*02:01/24:02;B*15:01/15:11; C*03:03/08:01; DRB1*12:01/12:02である。
2. 96穴U底プレートに1穴あたり2.5 x 105/mLとなるように細胞を播種し、ペプチドを10μm となるように添加した。
3.3日目にIL-2(最終濃度 12.5U/mL)、 IL-7(最終濃度5 ng/mL)、IL-15(最終濃度 1 ng/mL)を加え、1週間ごとにサイトカインを添加したT細胞用培地で培地交換しながら2週間培養を行った。
1.LCLを回収し、35Gyの放射線照射を行った。
2. T細胞用培地に浮遊させ、5 X 105/mLとなるように調整した。
3. ペプチドを100 nMで添加し2時間培養した。
4. LCLを回収し、T細胞用培地で洗浄後、2 X 105/mLとなるように調整した。
1.ペプチド刺激を加えた後、2週間培養したT細胞を回収し、洗浄後にT細胞用培地に懸濁し、2 x 106/mLに調整した。この時一部の細胞をフローサイトメトリー解析のために取り分けた。
2.24穴プレートに、ペプチドを加えて培養したLCLの浮遊液(2 X 105/mL)を0.5mL/well、T細胞浮遊液(2 X 105/mL)を0.5mL/wellとなるように加えた(LCL: T = 1 X 105/well: 1 X 106/well = 1:10)。
3. 3日目にIL-2(最終濃度 12.5U/mL)、 IL-7(最終濃度5 ng/mL)、IL-15(最終濃度 1 ng/mL)を加えた。1週間ごとにサイトカインを添加したT細胞用培地で培地交換しながら2週間培養を行った。(LCLによるペプチド刺激1クール目)
4. 再度100nMのペプチドと加えた培地でLCLを2時間培養し、ここに CTLを加えた。
5. 3日目にIL-2(最終濃度 12.5U/mL)、 IL-7(最終濃度5 ng/mL)、IL-15(最終濃度 1 ng/mL)を加えた。1週間ごとにサイトカインを添加したT細胞用培地で培地交換しながら2週間培養を行った。(LCLによるペプチド刺激2クール目)
6. 再度100nMのペプチドと加えた培地でLCLを2時間培養し、ここに CTLを加えた。
7. 3日目にIL-2(最終濃度 12.5U/mL)、 IL-7(最終濃度5 ng/mL)、IL-15(最終濃度 1 ng/mL)を加えた。1週間ごとにサイトカインを添加したT細胞用培地で培地交換しながら2週間培養を行った。(LCLによるペプチド刺激3クール目)
8. フローサイトメトリー解析を行った。結果を図11に示す。CD8陽性WT1テトラマー陽性分画がCD8陽性T細胞中に60%以上の割合で検出されることを確認した。
A. WT1特異的CTLの活性化
1. MACS beadsによりCD8陽性細胞を濃縮した。
2. 全ての細胞をT細胞用培地に浮遊させ、IL-2 (最終濃度 12.5U/mL)、 IL-7(最終濃度5 ng/mL)、IL-15(最終濃度 1ng/mL)を加えた。さらにDynabeads Human T-Activator CD3/CD28をT細胞:beadsが1:1となるように添加し、2日間培養することでCD8陽性細胞を活性化した。
1.活性化させたWT1特異的CTLをT細胞用培地に浮遊させ、山中4因子とSV40が組み込まれたセンダイウィルスを培地中に添加し、そのまま2日間培養した。
2.T細胞用培地で洗浄し、さらにIL-2 (最終濃度 12.5U/mL)、 IL-7(最終濃度5 ng/mL)、IL-15(最終濃度 1ng/mL)を加えたT細胞用培地で2日間培養した。
3. 全ての細胞を回収後、サイトカインを含まないT細胞用培地でT細胞を懸濁し、フィーダー細胞上に播種した。
4. 2日目にiPS細胞用培地に半量交換し、翌日から毎日iPS細胞用培地への半量交換を行い続け、培養を続けた。
1.3週間後にiPS細胞コロニーを目視により確認した。
2. 200ulチップによりコロニーを物理的に拾い上げた。
3. 各クローンを個別に樹立した。得られたクローンのコロニーを図12に示す。
各培地の組成を下記に示す。
0.1% ゼラチン/PBS溶液6mlを10cm培養ディッシュに入れ,37℃で30分以上静置した。コンフルエントになったOP9細胞をトリプシン/EDTA溶液で剥がし,1/4相当量をゼラチンコートした10cm培養ディッシュに播種した。培地はmedium Aを10mlとなるように加えた。
4日後に播種したOP9細胞培養ディッシュに新たにmedium Aを10ml加え,全量が20mlとなるようにした。
共培養に使用するOP9細胞の培地を吸引し,新しいmedium Aに交換した。またiPS細胞培養ディッシュの培地も同様に吸引し,新しいmedium Aを10ml加えた。EZ-passageローラーでiPS細胞を切った。カットしたiPS細胞塊を200ulピペットマンでピペッティングすることで浮遊させ,目視でおおよそ600個のiPS細胞塊をOP9細胞上に播種した。
iPS細胞1クローンあたり3枚以上のディッシュを用い,継代するときには細胞を一度一つに合わせてから同じ枚数に再分配することでディッシュ間のばらつきを減らした。
Day 1 (培地交換)
iPS細胞塊が接着し分化し始めているかどうかを確認し,培地を新しいmedium A 20mlに交換した。
Day 5 (培地半量交換)
半量分の培地を新しいmedium A 10mlに交換した。
Day 9 (培地交換)
半量分の培地を新しいmedium A 10mlに交換した。
Day 13 (誘導した中胚葉細胞をOP9細胞上からOP9/DLL1細胞上へ移しかえる)
培地を吸引し、HBSS(+Mg+Ca)で細胞表面上の培地を洗い流した。その後250U collagenase IV/HBSS(+Mg+Ca) 溶液10mlを加え、37℃で45分間培養した。
Collagenase溶液を吸引し、PBS(-)10mlで洗い流す。その後5mlの0.05%トリプシン/EDTA溶液を加え、37℃で20分培養した。培養後、細胞が膜状に剥がれてくるので、ピペッティングにより物理的に細かくした(接着細胞同士を離すため)。ここに新しいmedium Aを20ml加え、さらに37℃で45分間培養した。培養後、浮遊細胞を含む上清を、100μmのメッシュを通して回収した。4℃、1200rpmで7分間遠心し、ペレットを10mlのmedium Bに懸濁させた。このうち1/10をFACS解析用にとりわけ、残りの細胞を新たに用意したOP9/DLL1細胞上に播種した。複数枚のディッシュから得た細胞をプールした場合、元々の枚数と同じ枚数になるように再分配して細胞を播き直した。
次いで細胞をOP9/DLL1細胞上に播種した。この工程において、CD34lowCD43+細胞分画の細胞のソーティングは行わなかった。この分画をソーティングした場合、得られる細胞数が減少してしまうことやソーティングによる細胞へのダメージから、ソーティングしなかった場合に比べてT細胞への分化誘導効率が落ちることがある。
Day 16 (細胞の継代)
OP9細胞に緩く接着している細胞を、穏やかに複数回ピペッティングし、100μmのメッシュを通して50mlコニカルチューブに回収した。4℃、1200rpmで7分間遠心し、ペレットを10mlのmedium Bに懸濁させた。これらの細胞を新たに用意したOP9/DLL1細胞上に播種した。
Day 23 (細胞の継代): 血液細胞コロニーが見え始める。
OP9細胞に緩く接着している細胞を、穏やかに複数回ピペッティングし、100μmのメッシュを通して50mlコニカルチューブに回収した。4℃、1200rpmで7分間遠心し、ペレットを10mlのmedium Bに懸濁させた。
Day 36 : WT1テトラマー陽性T細胞の確認。
WT1特異的T細胞が誘導されているかどうかを確かめるために抗CD3抗体、WT1テトラマーを用いてFACS解析した。結果を図14に示す。
T細胞マーカーであるCD3+細胞がみられるようになり、大部分の細胞はCD3+WT1テトラマー+にまで分化していることが確認された。
TCRα鎖 TRAV12-3*01-CAMIRGNTDKLIF-TRAJ34*01 (配列番号7)
TCRβ鎖 TRBV5-5*02-CASSFPSYEQYF-TRBJ2-7*01 (配列番号8)
1. 標的細胞として用いるLCLをCFSEラベルし、T細胞用培地に懸濁後、WT1ペプチド(配列番号2)の存在下で2時間培養を行った。
2. 96穴U底プレートに、再生したCD8シングルポジティブT細胞と標的細胞として用いるLCLをれぞれ0:1、1:3、1:1、3:1、9:1となるように混合し、いろいろな濃度のペプチド存在下もしくは非存在下において共培養を行った。6時間後に、標的細胞の死細胞比率をCFSE陽性分画中に見られるAnnexinV陽性細胞率によって検定した。
再生WT1-CTL(#3-3)はWT1を発現するTHP-1およびHL60株両方に対して細胞傷害活性を示し、かかる細胞傷害活性はHLAクラスIに対する抗体で完全にブロックされた。この結果から、再生WT1-CTL(#3-3)はWT1抗原特異的に白血病細胞を殺傷していると考えられる。
TCRα鎖 TRAV12-1*01-CVVRGGGFKTIF-TRAJ9*01 (配列番号9)
TCRβ鎖 TRBV20-1*01-CSARAGTGGANVLTF-TRBJ2-6*01 (配列番号10)
導入する対象の細胞としては実施例2と同じく京都大学再生医科学研究所再生免疫学分野(日本国京都府京都市)にて健常人末梢血単球より作製されたHLAハプロタイプホモ型iPS細胞を用いた。
導入したWT1特異的TCR遺伝子は、京都大学再生医科学研究所再生免疫学分野(日本国京都府京都市)にてClonn#9とClone#3-3からクローニングされたクラスI拘束性WT1特異的TCR遺伝子である。
クローンとなるように増幅したWT1特異的CTLもしくはWT1-T-iPS細胞から誘導されたCTLからRNAを調整する。SMARTer RACE cDNA増幅キット(クロンテック社)を用いて完全長cDNAを得、これを鋳型とした。 TCRα鎖の3’側からのプライマー(CACAGGCTGTCTTACAATCTTGCAGATC(配列番号11))もしくはTCRβ鎖の3’側からのプライマー2種(CTCCACTTCCAGGGCTGCCTTCA(配列番号12)またはTGACCTGGGATGGTTTTGGAGCTA(配列番号13))を用い、PCR反応によってWT1-TCRの二本鎖cDNAを得た。得られた二本鎖cDNAをpTA2ベクター(東洋紡社、図19)に組み込み、細胞株に導入することでWT1 TCRの特異性などの検定を行った。
独立行政法人理化学研究所 バイオリソースセンター 細胞運命情報解析技術開発サブチーム(日本国茨城県つくば市)より提供されたCS-UbC-RfA-IRES2-Venusベクター(図20)を用い、GatewayシステムによりWT1-TCRを導入したCS-UbC-RfA-IRES2-Venus/WT1-TCRを作製した。
CS-UbC-RfA-IRES2-Venus/WT1-TCRをX-treamGENE9(ロシュ社)を用いてパッケージング細胞LentiX-293Tに導入した。翌日に培地交換を行い,2日目にレンチウィルスを含む培養上清を回収し,レンチウィルス上清として用いた。
LMP2-T-iPS細胞をTrypLE Select (ライフテクノロジーズ社)を用いて完全な単一細胞とする。遠心後,ペレットをレンチウィルス上清で懸濁し,32℃,3000rpmで1時間遠心し,LMP2-T-iPS細胞に感染させることでWT1-TCRをLMP2-T-iPS細胞に導入した。
Claims (19)
- (1)WT1抗原特異的T細胞受容体を有するヒト多能性幹細胞を提供する工程、および
(2)工程(1)の多能性幹細胞からT前駆細胞あるいは成熟T細胞を誘導する工程
を含む、免疫細胞療法用T細胞を誘導する方法。 - WT1抗原特異的T細胞受容体を有するヒト多能性幹細胞が、WT1抗原特異的ヒトT細胞から多能性幹細胞を誘導することによって得られる、請求項1記載の方法。
- WT1抗原特異的ヒトT細胞が、免疫細胞療法対象者ではなく、WT1抗原を発現するがんに罹患しているあるいは同疾患の既往のあるヒトから得られたT細胞である、請求項2記載の方法。
- WT1抗原特異的ヒトT細胞が、免疫細胞療法対象者ではなく、WT1抗原を発現するがんに罹患したことのないヒトから得られたT細胞である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- WT1抗原特異的T細胞受容体を有するヒト多能性幹細胞が、ヒト多能性幹細胞へWT1抗原特異的T細胞受容体遺伝子を導入することによって得られた多能性幹細胞である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- (1)Epstein-Barrウイルス関連抗原特異的T細胞受容体を有するヒト多能性幹細胞を提供する工程、および
(2)工程(1)の多能性幹細胞からT前駆細胞あるいは成熟T細胞を誘導する工程
を含む、免疫細胞療法用T細胞を誘導する方法。 - Epstein-Barrウイルス関連抗原特異的T細胞受容体を有するヒト多能性幹細胞が、Epstein-Barrウイルス関連抗原特異的ヒトT細胞から多能性幹細胞を誘導することによって得られる、請求項6記載の方法。
- Epstein-Barrウイルス関連抗原特異的ヒトT細胞が、免疫細胞療法対象者ではなく、Epstein-Barrウイルス関連疾患に罹患しているあるいは同疾患の既往のあるヒトから得られたT細胞である、請求項7記載の方法。
- Epstein-Barrウイルス関連抗原特異的ヒトT細胞が、免疫細胞療法対象者ではなく、Epstein-Barrウイルス関連疾患に罹患したことのないヒトから得られたT細胞である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- Epstein-Barrウイルス関連抗原特異的T細胞受容体を有するヒト多能性幹細胞が、Epstein-Barrウイルス関連抗原特異的T細胞受容体遺伝子をヒト多能性幹細胞へ導入することによって得られたものである、請求項6記載の方法。
- Epstein-Barrウイルス関連抗原特異的ヒトT細胞が、LMP2抗原特異的T細胞である、請求項7~9何れかに記載の方法。
- 抗原特異的T細胞受容体を有するヒト多能性幹細胞が、免疫細胞療法対象者のHLA型に完全に一致あるいは一部が一致するHLA型を有するヒト由来の多能性幹細胞である、請求項1~11いずれかに記載の方法。
- 抗原特異的T細胞受容体を有するヒト多能性幹細胞が、免疫細胞療法対象者のHLAの何れか一方のハプロタイプをホモで有しているハプロタイプホモ接合型のHLAを有しているヒトから得られたT細胞である、請求項12記載の方法。
- さらに、多能性幹細胞から誘導されたT前駆細胞または成熟T細胞を、免疫細胞療法対象者由来のリンパ球と共培養して当該T細胞が患者に対するアロ反応性を有していないことを確認する工程を含む、請求項1~13何れかに記載の免疫細胞療法用T細胞を誘導する方法。
- ヒト多能性幹細胞がヒトiPS細胞である請求項1~14何れかに記載の方法。
- 免疫細胞療法が、がん、感染症、自己免疫疾患およびアレルギーからなる群から選択される疾患を治療するためのものである、請求項1~15いずれかに記載の方法。
- がんがEBウイルス関連のがんである、請求項16記載の方法。
- 感染症がEBウイルス関連である、請求項16記載の方法。
- がんがWT1遺伝子を発現するがんである、請求項16記載の方法。
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| JP2016534512A JPWO2016010155A1 (ja) | 2014-07-18 | 2015-07-17 | 抗原特異的t細胞受容体遺伝子を有する多能性幹細胞の製造方法 |
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| US10472610B2 (en) | 2014-05-21 | 2019-11-12 | Kyoto University | Method for generating pancreatic bud cells and therapeutic agent for pancreatic disease containing pancreatic bud cells |
| WO2020022512A1 (ja) | 2018-07-26 | 2020-01-30 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | 外来抗原レセプター遺伝子導入細胞の製造方法 |
| WO2020251046A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-14 | 2020-12-17 | サイアス株式会社 | 医薬組成物 |
| JPWO2020013315A1 (ja) * | 2018-07-13 | 2021-08-02 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | γδT細胞の製造方法 |
| KR20230074505A (ko) | 2020-09-24 | 2023-05-30 | 고쿠리츠 다이가쿠 호진 교토 다이가쿠 | 원하는 특이성을 갖는 이펙터 세포의 제조 방법 |
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| CN113388612A (zh) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-14 | 重庆天科雅生物科技有限公司 | 一种针对表位点为iyvlvmlvl的tcr所设计的引物及其应用 |
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| WO2020251046A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-14 | 2020-12-17 | サイアス株式会社 | 医薬組成物 |
| JPWO2020251046A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-14 | 2020-12-17 | ||
| KR20230074505A (ko) | 2020-09-24 | 2023-05-30 | 고쿠리츠 다이가쿠 호진 교토 다이가쿠 | 원하는 특이성을 갖는 이펙터 세포의 제조 방법 |
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| AU2015290561A1 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
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| EP3170895A4 (en) | 2018-07-11 |
| JPWO2016010155A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
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