WO2016010099A1 - 磁心の製造方法、磁心およびそれを用いたコイル部品 - Google Patents
磁心の製造方法、磁心およびそれを用いたコイル部品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016010099A1 WO2016010099A1 PCT/JP2015/070346 JP2015070346W WO2016010099A1 WO 2016010099 A1 WO2016010099 A1 WO 2016010099A1 JP 2015070346 W JP2015070346 W JP 2015070346W WO 2016010099 A1 WO2016010099 A1 WO 2016010099A1
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- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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- Y10T29/49075—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor including permanent magnet or core
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a manufacturing method of a magnetic core configured using Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder, a magnetic core and a coil component configured by winding a coil around the magnetic core.
- coil parts such as inductors, transformers and chokes have been used in a wide variety of applications such as home appliances, industrial equipment and vehicles.
- the coil component includes a magnetic core and a coil wound around the magnetic core.
- power supply devices such as electronic devices have been reduced in size
- the demand for coil parts that are small and low in profile and can be used even for large currents has increased.
- powder magnetic cores using magnetic powder is progressing.
- the metal magnetic powder for example, soft magnetic alloy powder such as Fe—Si is used.
- the coil and magnetic powder are integrated into the coil component to meet the requirements for compactness and low profile.
- a molded structure coil enclosing structure
- the powder magnetic core obtained by compacting soft magnetic alloy powder such as Fe-Si has a higher saturation magnetic flux density than oxide magnetic materials such as ferrite, but the electrical resistivity of the soft magnetic alloy powder used. (Specific resistance) is low. Therefore, a method of increasing the insulation between the soft magnetic alloy powders, such as forming an insulating coating on the surface of the soft magnetic alloy powder, has been applied.
- a molded body composed of particles of soft magnetic alloy containing Fe and Si and a metal element that is easier to oxidize than Fe or Cr or Al is heat-treated at 400 ° C. to 900 ° C.
- a method and a magnetic core in which particles are bonded through an oxide layer formed by the heat treatment are disclosed. The object is to obtain a magnetic core with high permeability and high saturation magnetic flux density without requiring high pressure during molding.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an example in which an Fe—Cr—Al-based magnetic powder is used as a magnetic powder capable of self-generation of a high electrical resistance material serving as an insulating coating.
- JP 2011-249774 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-220438
- the magnetic core described in Patent Document 1 has a specific resistance exceeding 1 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ ⁇ m, but the breaking stress does not reach 100 MPa and is the same as that of a ferrite magnetic core. It was about the strength.
- the breaking stress is improved to 20 kgf / mm 2 (196 MPa), but the specific resistance is remarkably lowered to 2 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ ⁇ cm (2 ⁇ ⁇ m). That is, it has not yet achieved both high specific resistance and high strength.
- Patent Document 2 has been shown to increase the electrical resistance by about 2.5 times by the oxide film, but the resistance value itself is only about several m ⁇ regardless of the presence or absence of the oxide film. .
- the present invention provides a magnetic core having both high strength and high specific resistance, a coil component using the same, and a method for manufacturing a magnetic core capable of easily obtaining a magnetic core having high strength and high specific resistance.
- the purpose is to provide.
- the method for manufacturing a magnetic core according to the present invention is a method for manufacturing a magnetic core having a structure in which Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains are dispersed, and includes a first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder containing Al and Cr, and Cr and Si. Obtained through the first step of mixing the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder and the binder, the second step of molding the mixture obtained through the first step, and the second step. A third step of heat-treating the formed compact, and forming an oxide layer on the surface of the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder by the heat treatment, and the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powders between the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powders through the oxide layer Are combined.
- the ratio of the first base soft magnetic alloy powder to the total of the first Fe base soft magnetic alloy powder and the second Fe base soft magnetic alloy powder is 40% or more by mass ratio. It is preferable that
- the magnetic core of the present invention is a magnetic core having a structure in which Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains are dispersed, wherein the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains include first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains containing Al and Cr, Cr and It has the 2nd Fe group soft magnetic alloy grain containing Si, and the Fe group soft magnetic alloy grain is combined via the oxide layer formed in the surface of the grain.
- the coil component of the present invention includes the magnetic core and a coil wound around the magnetic core.
- a magnetic core having both high strength and high specific resistance a coil component using the same, and a method for manufacturing a magnetic core capable of easily obtaining a high strength and high specific resistance magnetic core. it can.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a magnetic core according to the present invention. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the content rate of the 1st Fe group soft magnetic alloy powder, and the crushing strength. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the content rate of 1st Fe group soft magnetic alloy powder, and a specific resistance. It is the SEM image and element mapping of the cross section of the magnetic core which concern on this invention. It is the SEM image and element mapping of the cross section of the magnetic core which concern on a comparative example.
- FIG. 1 is a process flow for explaining an embodiment of a magnetic core manufacturing method according to the present invention.
- This manufacturing method is a method of manufacturing a magnetic core having a structure in which Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains are dispersed, and includes a first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder containing Al and Cr, and a second Fe containing Cr and Si.
- a third step of heat-treating is a structure formed by an aggregate of Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains.
- the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder While forming an oxide layer on the surface of the Fe soft magnetic alloy powder by heat treatment, the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder is bonded to each other through the oxide layer. Therefore, the obtained magnetic core has Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains and an oxide phase interposed between the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains.
- the oxide phase has, for example, a layered form at the triple point of the grain boundary oxide layer between two Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains and the grain boundary between three Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains. Contains oxides not taken. With these configurations, the effects described below can be obtained.
- the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder used in the present invention is an Fe—Al—Cr based soft magnetic alloy powder containing the largest amount of Fe by mass ratio and further containing Al and Cr.
- the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder is an Fe—Cr—Si based soft magnetic alloy powder containing the largest amount of Fe by mass ratio and further containing Si and Cr.
- the use of Fe—Cr—Si based soft magnetic alloy powder for the magnetic core is advantageous for high corrosion resistance and low core loss, but requires high pressure for pressure forming and is disadvantageous for improving the strength of the magnetic core.
- the Fe—Al—Cr soft magnetic alloy powder, as well as the Fe—Cr—Si soft magnetic alloy powder is superior in corrosion resistance to the Fe—Si based alloy powder.
- an insulating oxide layer can be formed on the surface of the Fe—Al—Cr soft magnetic alloy powder and the Fe—Cr—Si soft magnetic alloy powder by heat treatment after forming. Therefore, it is possible to omit the step of forming the insulating oxide before molding, and the method for forming the insulating coating is simplified, so that productivity is improved in this respect. Further, with the formation of the oxide layer, Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powders are bonded together via the oxide layer, and a high-strength magnetic core is obtained.
- the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder used in the first step contains Fe as the main component having the highest content ratio among the components constituting the soft magnetic alloy, and Al and Cr as subcomponents. That is, Fe, Al, and Cr are the three main metal elements with a high content ratio.
- the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder contains Fe as a main component having the highest content ratio among the components constituting the soft magnetic alloy, and Cr and Si as subcomponents. That is, Fe, Cr and Si are the three main metal elements with a high content ratio. If the magnetic core can be configured, the content of Al and Cr in the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder and the content of Cr and Si in the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder are not particularly limited. Although not preferred, a preferable configuration will be described below.
- Fe is a main magnetic element constituting Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder. From the viewpoint of securing a high saturation magnetic flux density, the Fe content is preferably 80% by mass or more.
- the Cr and Al contained in the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder are elements that enhance corrosion resistance and the like. From the standpoint of improving corrosion resistance, the Cr content is preferably 1.0% by mass or more, and more preferably 2.5% by mass or more. On the other hand, when the amount of nonmagnetic Cr increases, the saturation magnetic flux density tends to decrease. Therefore, the Cr content is preferably 9.0% by mass or less, more preferably 7.0% by mass or less, and still more preferably 4. 5% by mass or less. Further, as described above, Al is also an element that improves corrosion resistance, and contributes particularly to the formation of the surface oxide of Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder.
- the Al content is preferably 2.0% by mass or more, more preferably 3.0% by mass or more, and further preferably 5.0% by mass or more.
- the Al content is preferably 10.0% by mass or less, more preferably 8.0% by mass or less, and still more preferably 6. 0% by mass or less.
- Al contributes to the improvement of the space factor, it is more preferable to use Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder having a higher Al content than Cr.
- the Cr contained in the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder is an element that improves the corrosion resistance and the like as described above. From the standpoint of improving corrosion resistance, the Cr content is preferably 1.0% by mass or more, and more preferably 2.5% by mass or more. On the other hand, when the amount of nonmagnetic Cr increases, the saturation magnetic flux density tends to decrease. Therefore, the Cr content is preferably 9.0% by mass or less, more preferably 7.0% by mass or less, and still more preferably 4. 5% by mass or less.
- Si is an element that increases electrical resistivity and magnetic permeability. From this viewpoint, for example, Si is preferably 1.0% by mass or more. More preferably, it is 2.0 mass% or more. On the other hand, if the amount of Si is excessively increased, the saturation magnetic flux density is greatly decreased. More preferably, it is 6.0 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 4.0 mass% or less.
- the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder can contain magnetic elements such as Co and Ni, and nonmagnetic elements other than Al and Cr. Further, impurities that are unavoidable in production may be included.
- the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder may contain Si, Mn, C, P, S, O, N, etc. as inevitable impurities. That is, the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder may contain Al and Cr, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities.
- the contents of such inevitable impurities are respectively Si ⁇ 1.0 mass%, Mn ⁇ 1.0 mass%, C ⁇ 0.05 mass%, O ⁇ 0.3 mass%, N ⁇ 0.1 mass%, It is preferable that P ⁇ 0.02 mass% and S ⁇ 0.02 mass%.
- the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder since Si is disadvantageous for improving the crushing strength, in the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder, it is more preferable to regulate Si ⁇ 0.5% by mass.
- the amount of Si is more preferably 0.4% by mass or less.
- the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder may contain Mn, C, P, S, O, N, etc. as inevitable impurities. That is, the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder may contain Cr and Si, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities.
- the contents of such inevitable impurities are respectively Mn ⁇ 1.0 mass%, C ⁇ 0.05 mass%, O ⁇ 0.3 mass%, N ⁇ 0.1 mass%, P ⁇ 0.02 mass%, It is preferable that S ⁇ 0.02% by mass.
- the average particle diameter of each Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder (here, the median diameter d50 in the volume cumulative particle size distribution is used) is not particularly limited.
- Fe having an average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- a base soft magnetic alloy powder can be used. Since the high-frequency characteristics are improved by reducing the average particle size, the median diameter d50 is preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the median diameter d50 is more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more.
- the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder that is at least under 32 ⁇ m (that is, passed through a sieve having an opening of 32 ⁇ m).
- the relationship between the average particle size of the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder and the average particle size of the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder is not particularly limited.
- the form of the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use granular powder represented by atomized powder from the viewpoint of fluidity and the like.
- Atomizing methods such as gas atomization and water atomization are suitable for producing powders of alloys that are highly malleable and ductile and difficult to grind.
- the atomization method is also suitable for obtaining a substantially spherical Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder.
- the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder and the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder can be expected.
- the mixing ratio with the base soft magnetic alloy powder is not particularly limited. However, in order to fully demonstrate the effect of increasing the strength by including the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder, the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder and the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder
- the ratio of the first base soft magnetic alloy powder to the total is preferably 40% or more by mass ratio. Further, magnetic powder other than the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder and the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder may be further mixed.
- Fe—Al—Cr soft magnetic alloy powder as described above is effective in increasing the strength of the magnetic core. Therefore, as long as the Fe-Al-Cr soft magnetic alloy powder is included, in addition to the Fe-Cr-Si soft magnetic alloy powder, a wide range of Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder can be used as the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder. A certain effect can be achieved.
- an oxide layer is formed on the surface of the soft magnetic alloy powder by heat treatment, such as Fe-Al-Cr soft magnetic alloy powder and Fe-Cr-Si soft magnetic alloy powder. It is preferable to use what is used.
- Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powders are, for example, Fe—Si based soft magnetic alloys. If Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder having lower hardness than Fe-Al-Cr-based soft magnetic alloy powder containing Al is used as the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder, the effect of adding the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder Can be exhibited in a more superimposed manner. Also in this case, it is more preferable that the oxide layer has a concentration of subcomponents other than Fe, which is a magnetic element. As described above, the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder other than the Fe-Cr-Si based soft magnetic alloy powder can be used as the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder, but Fe-Cr-Si is excellent in terms of corrosion resistance. It is preferable to use a soft magnetic alloy powder.
- the binder binds the powders during molding and gives the molded body the strength to withstand handling after molding.
- the kind of binder is not specifically limited, For example, various organic binders, such as polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, an acrylic resin, can be used.
- the organic binder is thermally decomposed by heat treatment after molding. Therefore, an inorganic binder such as a silicone resin that solidifies and remains after the heat treatment and binds the powders may be used in combination.
- the oxide layer formed in the third step functions to bind Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powders, and thus the use of the above inorganic binder is omitted. Thus, it is preferable to simplify the process.
- the amount of the binder added may be an amount that can reach between the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powders and ensure a sufficient compact strength. On the other hand, if the amount is too large, the density and strength are lowered. From this viewpoint, the amount of the binder added is preferably 0.5 to 3.0 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder, for example.
- the binder may be added and mixed after mixing the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder and the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder, or the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder and the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder.
- the base soft magnetic alloy powder and the binder may be mixed simultaneously.
- either one of the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder and the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder and a binder can be mixed, and the other can be added and mixed later.
- the granulated powder mentioned later contains a binder
- the form which mixes the granulated powder of 1st Fe group soft magnetic alloy powder and the granulated powder of 2nd Fe group soft magnetic alloy powder is also 1st process. From the viewpoint of uniformity, it is more preferable to mix the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder and the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder before granulation.
- the mixing method of the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder and the binder in the first step is not particularly limited, and conventionally known mixing methods and mixers can be used.
- the mixed powder is an agglomerated powder having a wide particle size distribution due to its binding action.
- a sieve using, for example, a vibrating sieve, granulated powder (granules) having a desired secondary particle size suitable for molding can be obtained.
- a wet granulation method such as spray-drying granulation can be employed.
- spray-drying granulation using a spray dryer is preferred, and according to this, approximately spherical granules can be obtained, and the time of exposure to heated air is short, and a large amount of granules can be obtained.
- a lubricant such as stearic acid or stearate in order to reduce friction between the powder and the mold in the case of pressure molding.
- the addition amount of the lubricant is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder.
- the lubricant can be applied to the mold.
- the mixture obtained in the first step is preferably granulated as described above and subjected to the second step.
- the granulated mixture is pressure-molded into a predetermined shape such as a toroidal shape or a rectangular parallelepiped shape using, for example, a molding die.
- a predetermined shape such as a toroidal shape or a rectangular parallelepiped shape using, for example, a molding die.
- Fe—Al—Cr soft magnetic alloy powder is used as the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder, the space factor (relative density) of the dust core can be increased even at a low pressure, and the strength of the dust core can be improved. It is more preferable that the space factor of the soft magnetic material powder in the dust core subjected to the heat treatment be within the range of 80 to 90% by utilizing such action.
- the space factor is 82 to 90%. Since the mixed powder of the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder and the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder is used, the true density (the density of the particle alloy itself) is used as the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy. A weighted average based on the true density of the powder, the true density of the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder, and the mixing ratio of each alloy powder is used. As the true density of each Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder, a density measurement value of an alloy ingot having the same composition prepared by melting may be used.
- the molding in the second step may be room temperature molding or warm molding performed by heating to such an extent that the binder does not disappear.
- the preparation method and the molding method of the mixture are not limited to those described above.
- sheet molding can be performed, and the obtained sheet can be laminated and pressure-bonded to obtain a molded body for a laminated magnetic core.
- the mixture is adjusted to a slurry state and supplied to a sheet forming machine such as a doctor blade.
- the molded body that has undergone the second step is subjected to heat treatment.
- an oxide layer is further formed on the surface of the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder.
- This oxide layer is grown by reacting Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder and oxygen by heat treatment, and is formed by an oxidation reaction exceeding the natural oxidation of Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder. The formation of the oxide improves the insulation and corrosion resistance of the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder.
- this oxide layer is formed after forming a molded object, it contributes also to the coupling
- a high-strength magnetic core can be obtained by combining Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powders through the oxide layer.
- the first and second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powders are oxidized by the heat treatment, and an oxide layer is formed on the surface thereof. That is, there are metal oxides contained in the Fe—Si—Cr alloy powder and the Fe—Al—Cr alloy powder.
- Al in the alloy powder is concentrated in the surface layer, and an oxide layer in which the ratio of Al to the sum of Fe, Al, and Cr is higher than the internal alloy phase is formed.
- the ratio of Al among constituent metal elements is particularly high, and the ratio of Fe is low.
- an oxide layer having a higher Fe ratio in the center of the layer than in the vicinity of the alloy phase is formed at the grain boundary between the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powders.
- Cr in the alloy powder is concentrated on the surface layer, and an oxide layer is formed in which the ratio of Cr to the sum of Fe, Cr and Si is higher than the internal alloy phase.
- the oxide layer formed by the heat treatment in the third step includes the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder, the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder, the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder, and the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder. Adjacent Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powders are bonded to each other like the base soft-magnetic alloy powders.
- the heat treatment in the third step can be performed in an atmosphere in which oxygen exists, such as in the air or in a mixed gas of oxygen and inert gas. Further, the heat treatment can be performed in an atmosphere in which water vapor exists, such as in a mixed gas of water vapor and inert gas. Of these, heat treatment in the air is simple and preferable. Further, the heat treatment in the third step may be performed at a temperature at which the oxide layer is formed. A magnetic core having excellent strength can be obtained by such heat treatment. Furthermore, the heat treatment in the third step is preferably performed at a temperature at which the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder is not significantly sintered.
- the specific heat treatment temperature is preferably in the range of 600 to 900 ° C, more preferably in the range of 700 to 800 ° C, and still more preferably in the range of 750 to 800 ° C.
- the holding time in the above temperature range is appropriately set depending on the size of the magnetic core, the processing amount, the allowable range of variation in characteristics, and the like.
- the oxide layer can be formed on the surface of the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder by the third step. It is more preferable to simplify. In addition, the oxide layer itself is not easily plastically deformed. Therefore, by adopting the above-mentioned process of forming the oxide layer after molding, the high molding of the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder (particularly Fe—Al—Cr-based soft magnetic alloy powder) in the molding of the second step. Sex can be used effectively.
- the following magnetic core having a structure in which Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains are dispersed is obtained by the above-described magnetic core manufacturing method.
- the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains include first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains containing Al and Cr, and second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains containing Cr and Si, and the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains The two are bonded together through an oxide layer formed on the surface of the grain.
- a magnetic core having high strength and high specific resistance is realized by bonding between Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains by the oxide layer.
- the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy particles (hereinafter also simply referred to as alloy particles) in the magnetic core correspond to the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder described in the embodiment of the manufacturing method, and the description of the composition and the like is duplicated and is omitted.
- the configuration related to the other magnetic cores is also as described in the above-described embodiment of the manufacturing method, and thus the description of the overlapping portions is omitted. Since heat treatment is intended to be oxidized, the amount of oxygen in the bulk composition of the magnetic core after the heat treatment is higher than the inevitable impurity level of the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder before forming.
- the magnetic core preferably has an average maximum diameter of each alloy grain of 15 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 8 ⁇ m or less, in the cross-sectional observation image.
- the high frequency characteristics are improved by the fineness of the alloy grains constituting the magnetic core.
- the number ratio of alloy grains having a maximum diameter exceeding 40 ⁇ m in the cross-sectional observation image of the magnetic core is less than 1.0%.
- the average of the maximum diameter of the alloy grains is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more.
- the average of the maximum diameter may be calculated by polishing the cross section of the magnetic core and observing under a microscope, reading the maximum diameter of 30 or more alloy grains existing in a visual field of a certain area, and taking the number average. Although the alloy grains after forming are plastically deformed, most of the alloy grains are exposed in the cross section of the portion other than the center in the cross-sectional observation. Therefore, the average of the maximum diameter is smaller than the median diameter d50 evaluated in the powder state. It becomes.
- the number ratio of alloy grains having a maximum diameter exceeding 40 ⁇ m is evaluated in a visual field range of at least 0.04 mm 2 or more.
- the average thickness of the oxide layer at the grain boundary in the magnetic core after the heat treatment is preferably 100 nm or less.
- the average thickness of this oxide layer is observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM), for example, by observing a cross section of the magnetic core at a magnification of 600,000, and a substantially parallel outline of adjacent Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains in the observation field is confirmed.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the thickness of the portion where the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains are closest to each other (minimum thickness) and the thickness of the portion which is farthest apart (maximum thickness) are measured, and the thickness is calculated as the arithmetic average. Specifically, it is preferable to perform the measurement in the vicinity of the middle part between the triple points of the grain boundaries.
- the average thickness of the oxide layer is preferably 10 nm or more. A more preferable average thickness of the oxide layer is 30 to 80 nm.
- the magnetic permeability of the magnetic core necessary for constituting the coil component can be determined according to the application.
- the initial permeability of 100 kHz is preferably 30 or more. More preferably, it is 40 or more, More preferably, it is 50 or more.
- the magnetic core according to the present invention is suitable for achieving both high specific resistance and high strength. By applying such a magnetic core configuration, a specific resistance of 1 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ ⁇ m or more can be obtained. Furthermore, a specific resistance of 1 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ ⁇ m or more can be obtained. Moreover, according to the dust core according to the present invention, a crushing strength of 120 MPa or more can be obtained. The crushing strength is preferably 150 MPa or more.
- the configuration according to the present invention has a columnar portion 1 for winding a conducting wire as shown in FIG. 2, and a flange portion 2 on one end side or both end sides of the columnar portion. It is preferable to apply to a drum type magnetic core.
- a coil component is provided using the magnetic core and a coil wound around the magnetic core. The coil may be configured by winding a conductive wire around a magnetic core, or may be configured by winding it around a bobbin.
- a coil component having such a magnetic core and a coil is used as, for example, a choke, an inductor, a reactor, or a transformer.
- the frequency band in which the magnetic core and the coil component are used is not particularly limited.
- the frequency band is 1 kHz or higher, and use in a frequency band of 100 kHz or higher is also preferable.
- the magnetic core and the coil component can be applied not only to the static inductor but also to a rotating machine.
- the magnetic core may be manufactured in the form of a powder magnetic core formed by pressing only the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder mixed with a binder or the like as described above, or manufactured in a form in which a coil is arranged inside. Also good.
- the latter configuration is not particularly limited, and for example, a powder magnetic core having a coil enclosing structure can be manufactured by integrally pressing an Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder and a coil.
- the coil is wound in the form of a pattern electrode inside the magnetic core.
- an electrode for connecting the end of the coil may be formed on the surface of the magnetic core by a technique such as plating or baking.
- a technique such as plating or baking.
- Ag, Ag-Pd, Cu, or the like can be used as the conductor material.
- a conductive film of Ni, Au, Sn, etc. can be further formed on the conductive film formed by baking by plating.
- an electrode can also be formed by physical vapor deposition methods (PVD), such as sputtering and vapor deposition.
- PVD physical vapor deposition methods
- a resin coating may be provided on the magnetic core for the purpose of ensuring insulation.
- the coil component can be partially or entirely molded with resin.
- Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder Fe-Al-Cr-based soft magnetic alloy powder (first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder) and Fe-Cr-Si-based soft magnetic alloy powder (second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder) ) was used to produce a dust core as follows.
- the Fe—Al—Cr soft magnetic alloy powder used was a granular atomized powder, and its composition was Fe-5.0% Al-4.0% Cr in mass percentage. Note that Si was the largest impurity, and its content was 0.2%.
- the atomized powder was classified with a 440 mesh (aperture 32 ⁇ m) sieve, and the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder that passed through the sieve was used for mixing.
- the average particle diameter (median diameter d50) of the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder that passed through the sieve was measured with a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution analyzer (LA-920 manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.). The average particle diameter (median diameter d50) was 16.8 ⁇ m.
- the Fe—Cr—Si based soft magnetic alloy powder was also a granular atomized powder, and its composition was Fe-4.0% Cr-3.5% Si in mass percentage.
- the average particle diameter (median diameter d50) was 10.4 ⁇ m.
- PVA Polivar PVA manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.
- Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder in which the blending ratio of Fe-Al-Cr soft magnetic alloy powder and Fe-Cr-Si soft magnetic alloy powder is changed.
- -205; 10% solid content was added in a proportion of 2.5 parts by weight (0.25 part by weight as solid content) and mixed.
- This mixed powder was dried at 120 ° C. for 10 hours, and the dried mixed powder was passed through a sieve to obtain granulated powder.
- zinc stearate was added and mixed at a ratio of 0.4 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of Fe-based soft magnetic alloy powder to obtain a mixture for molding.
- the obtained mixture was subjected to pressure molding at room temperature with a molding pressure of 0.74 GPa using a press machine.
- the obtained molded body has a toroidal shape having an inner diameter of 7.8 mm, an outer diameter of 13.5 mm, and a height of 4.3 mm.
- the obtained molded body was heat-treated in air at a temperature of 750 ° C. and a holding time of 1.0 hour to obtain a dust core.
- the density ds of the dust core produced by the above process is calculated from its size and mass, and the density ds of the dust core is the true density of the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy (the weighted average of the true density of the soft magnetic alloy powder used).
- the space factor (relative density) was calculated by dividing by. Further, a load was applied in the radial direction of the toroidal powder magnetic core, the maximum load P (N) at the time of fracture was measured, and the crushing strength ⁇ r (MPa) was obtained from the following equation.
- ⁇ r P (Dd) / (Id 2 ) (Where D is the outer diameter (mm) of the magnetic core, d is the radial thickness (mm) of the magnetic core, and I is the height (mm) of the magnetic core.) Furthermore, 15 turns of the winding were wound on each of the primary side and the secondary side, and the core loss Pcv was measured with a BH analyzer SY-8232 manufactured by Iwatatsu Measurement Co., Ltd. under the conditions of a maximum magnetic flux density of 30 mT and a frequency of 300 kHz.
- the initial permeability ⁇ i was measured at a frequency of 100 kHz by winding a conducting wire 30 turns around the toroidal powder magnetic core and using 4284A manufactured by Hewlett-Packard Company. Furthermore, the initial permeability (incremental permeability ⁇ ⁇ ) when a DC magnetic field of 10 kA / m was applied was also measured as a DC superposition characteristic. In addition, a conductive adhesive was applied to two opposing flat surfaces of the toroidal magnetic core, and after drying and solidification, the specific resistance (resistivity) was evaluated as follows. A resistance value R ( ⁇ ) was measured by applying a DC voltage of 50 V using an electrical resistance measuring device (8340A manufactured by ADC Corporation).
- the No. 1 dust core formed using only Fe—Cr—Si based soft magnetic alloy powder is excellent in core loss Pcv and incremental permeability ⁇ ⁇ , but the crushing strength is not sufficient.
- the dust cores of Nos. 2 to 5 prepared by mixing Fe—Al—Cr soft magnetic alloy powder with Fe—Cr—Si soft magnetic alloy powder have high crushing strength.
- Table 1 and FIG. 3 as the content ratio of the Fe—Al—Cr soft magnetic alloy powder increased, the space factor improved and the crushing strength increased. In particular, when the content ratio of the Fe—Al—Cr soft magnetic alloy powder was 40% or more, the dust core showed a high value of 150 MPa or more.
- the specific resistance also increases as the content ratio of the Fe—Al—Cr soft magnetic alloy powder increases, and the content ratio of the Fe—Al—Cr soft magnetic alloy powder increases to 30%.
- a high value of 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ ⁇ m or more was shown. That is, it has been clarified that a powder magnetic core having high strength and high specific resistance can be obtained by mixing Fe—Al—Cr soft magnetic alloy powder with Fe—Cr—Si soft magnetic alloy powder.
- the initial magnetic permeability is improved as the content ratio of the Fe—Al—Cr soft magnetic alloy powder is increased.
- the initial magnetic permeability is 50 or higher. Indicated.
- the core loss Pcv slightly increases and the incremental magnetic permeability tends to decrease slightly.
- FIG. 5A is an SEM image. It can be seen that the dust core has a structure in which Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains 3 having a light gray color tone are dispersed. In cross-sectional observation including other observation fields, alloy grains having a maximum diameter exceeding 40 ⁇ m were not observed, and the number ratio was 0.0%.
- FIGS. 5B to 5F are element mappings showing the distribution of Fe, O (oxygen), Cr, Si, and Al, respectively. The brighter the color, the greater the number of target elements.
- the white portion in FIG. 5 (f) showing the distribution of Al and the white portion in FIG. 5 (e) showing the distribution of Si are the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains and the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains, respectively. Show.
- FIG. 5 shows that the dust core has a structure in which the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy particles containing Al and Cr and the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy particles containing Cr and Si are dispersed.
- each Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grain is rich in oxygen and has an oxide formed, and each Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grain is bonded through this oxide. I can see the situation. Note that it was also confirmed by SEM observation that both the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains and the second Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains were polycrystalline.
- the surface (grain boundary) of each Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grain has a lower Fe concentration than the inside, and Al has a significantly higher concentration on the surface of the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grain containing Al and Cr. It was confirmed that From these facts, it was found that an oxide layer having a higher ratio of Al to the sum of Fe, Al, and Cr than the inner alloy phase was formed on the surface of the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains.
- the concentration distribution of each constituent element as shown in FIG. 5 was not observed before the heat treatment, and it was also found that the oxide layer was formed by the heat treatment. Moreover, it is thought that the structure in which an oxide layer having a high Al ratio or an oxide layer having a high Cr ratio covers each grain contributes to characteristics such as high specific resistance and low core loss. Further, Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains are bonded through a grain boundary phase (oxide layer) as shown in FIG. 5, and it is considered that such a configuration contributes to strength improvement. In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, in the portion where the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains gathered, not the layered shape but also the bulk oxide 4 along the shape of the gap between the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains was confirmed. From the element mapping of FIG.
- FIG. 6 shows element mapping of the magnetic core of No. 1 that does not contain the first Fe-based soft magnetic alloy grains.
- FIG. 6A is an SEM image.
- FIGS. 6B to 6E show distributions of Fe, O (oxygen), Cr, and Si, respectively.
- the massive oxide observed in the No4 magnetic core was not clearly confirmed. Therefore, it is speculated that the presence of such a bulk oxide is also related to the strength improvement.
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Abstract
Description
これらの構成によって、以下に説明する効果を得ることができる。
また、上述のようにAlも耐食性を高める元素であり、特にFe基軟磁性合金粉の表面酸化物の形成に寄与する。かかる観点から、Alの含有量は、好ましくは2.0質量%以上、より好ましくは3.0質量%以上、さらに好ましくは5.0質量%以上である。一方、非磁性のAlが多くなると飽和磁束密度が低下する傾向を示すため、Alの含有量は、好ましくは10.0質量%以下、より好ましくは8.0質量%以下、さらに好ましくは6.0質量%以下である。また、Alは占積率の向上にも寄与するため、CrよりもAlの含有量が高いFe基軟磁性合金粉を用いることがより好ましい。
Siは電気抵抗率や透磁率を高める元素である。かかる観点から、例えば、Siは1.0質量%以上が好ましい。より好ましくは2.0質量%以上である。一方、Siが多くなりすぎると飽和磁束密度の低下が大きくなるため、10.0質量%以下が好ましい。より好ましくは6.0質量%以下、さらに好ましくは4.0質量%以下である。
第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉は、不可避不純物として、Si、Mn、C、P、S、O、N等を含み得る。即ち、第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉は、AlおよびCrを含み、残部がFeおよび不可避不純物よりなるものでもよい。かかる不可避不純物の含有量は、それぞれ、Si<1.0質量%、Mn≦1.0質量%、C≦0.05質量%、O≦0.3質量%、N≦0.1質量%、P≦0.02質量%、S≦0.02質量%であることが好ましい。このうち、Siは圧環強度向上には不利であるため、第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉では、Si<0.5質量%に規制することがより好ましい。Si量はさらに好ましくは0.4質量%以下である。但し、不純物元素を通常の製造工程を経て含まれる水準よりも大幅に低減することには量産性の観点から現実的ではないため、例えば第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉において0.02質量%以上のSi量は許容することが好ましい。
一方、第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉は、不可避不純物として、Mn、C、P、S、O、N等を含み得る。即ち、第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉は、CrおよびSiを含み、残部がFeおよび不可避不純物よりなるものでもよい。かかる不可避不純物の含有量は、それぞれ、Mn≦1.0質量%、C≦0.05質量%、O≦0.3質量%、N≦0.1質量%、P≦0.02質量%、S≦0.02質量%であることが好ましい。
第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉の平均粒径と第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉の平均粒径との関係はこれを特に限定するものではない。例えば、成形性の観点からは、硬く成形性の低い第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉の平均粒径を相対的に小さくすることが好ましく、コアロスの観点からは、コアロスが相対的に大きい第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉の平均粒径を相対的に小さくすることが好ましい。
上述のように第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉としてFe-Cr-Si系軟磁性合金粉以外のFe基軟磁性合金粉を用いることができるが、耐食性に優れる点等でFe-Cr-Si系軟磁性合金粉を用いることが好ましい。
バインダは第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉と第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉を混合してから、添加、混合してもよいし、第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉、第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉およびバインダを同時に混合してもよい。また、第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉と第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉のうちいずれか一方とバインダを混合し、後から他方を追加して混合することもできる。なお、後述する造粒粉はバインダを含むため、第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉の造粒粉と第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉の造粒粉とを混合する形態も第1の工程に含まれるが、均一性の観点からは造粒前に第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉と第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉とを混合しておくことがより好ましい。
なお、第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉と第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉との混合粉を用いるため、真密度(粒子の合金そのものの密度)としては、第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉の真密度および第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉の真密度と、各合金粉の混合比とに基づく加重平均を用いる。各Fe基軟磁性合金粉の真密度は、溶解によって作製された同組成の合金インゴットの密度測定値を用いればよい。
一方、第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉では、合金粉中のCrが表層に濃化し、Fe、CrおよびSiの和に対するCrの比率が内部の合金相よりも高い酸化物層が形成される。第3の工程の熱処理によって形成される酸化物層は、第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉と第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉、第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉同士、第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉同士、のように、互いに隣接するFe基軟磁性合金粉同士を結合させる。
上記の磁心と、該磁心に巻装されたコイルとを用いてコイル部品が提供される。コイルは、導線を磁心に巻回して構成してもよいし、ボビンに巻回して構成してもよい。このような磁心とコイルとを有するコイル部品は、例えばチョーク、インダクタ、リアクトル、トランス等として用いられる。磁心およびコイル部品が使用される周波数帯域は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば1kHz以上であり、100kHz以上の周波数帯域での使用も好ましい。また、磁心およびコイル部品は静止誘導器に限らず、回転機に適用することもできる。
磁心には絶縁性確保等の目的から、樹脂コーティングを設けてもよい。また、コイル部品は、その一部または全体を樹脂でモールドすることもできる。
使用したFe-Al-Cr系軟磁性合金粉は粒状のアトマイズ粉であり、その組成は質量百分率でFe-5.0%Al-4.0%Crであった。なお、不純物として最も多かったのはSiであり、その含有量は0.2%であった。アトマイズ粉は、440メッシュ(目開き32μm)の篩で分級し、篩を通過したFe基軟磁性合金粉を混合に供した。篩を通過したFe基軟磁性合金粉の平均粒径(メジアン径d50)をレーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定装置(堀場製作所製LA-920)で測定した。平均粒径(メジアン径d50)は16.8μmであった。
Fe-Cr-Si系軟磁性合金粉も粒状のアトマイズ粉であり、その組成は質量百分率でFe-4.0%Cr-3.5%Siであった。平均粒径(メジアン径d50)は10.4μmであった。
σr=P(D-d)/(Id2)
(ここで、D:磁心の外径(mm)、d:磁心の径方向の肉厚(mm)、I:磁心の高さ(mm)である。)
さらに、一次側と二次側のそれぞれに巻線を15ターン巻回し、岩通計測株式会社製B-HアナライザーSY-8232により、最大磁束密度30mT、周波数300kHzの条件でコアロスPcvを測定した。また、初透磁率μiは、前記トロイダル形状の圧粉磁心に導線を30ターン巻回し、ヒューレット・パッカード社製4284Aにより、周波数100kHzで測定した。さらに、直流重畳特性として、10kA/mの直流磁界印加時の初透磁率(増分透磁率μΔ)も測定した。
また、前記トロイダル形状の磁心の対向する二平面に導電性接着剤を塗り、乾燥・固化の後、以下のようにして比抵抗(抵抗率)の評価を行った。電気抵抗測定装置(株式会社エーディーシー製8340A)を用いて、50Vの直流電圧を印加し、抵抗値R(Ω)を測定した。磁心試料の平面の面積A(m2)と厚みt(m)とを測定し、次式により比抵抗ρ(Ω・m)を算出した。
比抵抗ρ(Ω・m)=R×(A/t)
上記の評価で得られた結果を表1、図3および図4に示す。
一方、Fe-Al-Cr系軟磁性合金粉の含有比率が高くなるにつれて、コアロスPcvはやや増加し、増分透磁率はやや減少する傾向を示した。
各Fe基軟磁合金粒の表面(粒界)では内部に比べてFeの濃度が低いこと、Alは、AlおよびCrを含む第1のFe基軟磁性合金粒の表面での濃度が顕著に高くなっていることが確認された。これらのことから、第1のFe基軟磁合金粒の表面に、内部の合金相よりもFe、AlおよびCrの和に対するAlの比率が高い酸化物層が形成されていることがわかった。さらに、Crは、CrおよびSiを含む第2のFe基軟磁性合金粒の表面での濃度が顕著に高くなっていること、Siは、CrおよびSiを含む第2のFe基軟磁性合金粒の表面と内部とで明確な濃度差がないことが確認された。このことから第2のFe基軟磁合金粒の表面に、内部の合金相よりもFe、CrおよびSiの和に対するCrの比率が高い酸化物層が形成されていることがわかった。第1のFe基軟磁性合金粒および第2のFe基軟磁性合金粒の上記元素分布傾向は、それぞれ第1のFe基軟磁性合金粒同士が隣接する部分、第2のFe基軟磁性合金粒同士が隣接する部分で顕著であった。第1のFe基軟磁性合金粒と第2のFe基軟磁性合金粒とが隣接する部分の粒界ではCrが濃化している形態と、Alが濃化している形態の両方が確認された。
また、図5に示すように第1のFe基軟磁合金粒が集まった部分には、層状ではなくFe基軟磁性合金粒の隙間の形状に沿った塊状酸化物4も確認された。図5の元素マッピングからは、塊状酸化物4はAlの他にFeの含有量も多い酸化物であることがわかる。比較のために図6には第1のFe基軟磁性合金粒を含まないNo1の磁心の元素マッピングを示す。図6(a)はSEM像である。図6(b)~(e)はそれぞれ、Fe、O(酸素)、Cr、Siの分布を示す。図6に示すように、No1の磁心では、No4の磁心で観察される塊状酸化物が明確に確認されなかった。したがって、かかる塊状酸化物の存在も、強度向上に関連していると推察される。
Claims (4)
- Fe基軟磁性合金粒が分散した組織を有する磁心の製造方法であって、
AlおよびCrを含む第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉と、CrおよびSiを含む第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉と、バインダとを混合する第1の工程と、
前記第1の工程を経て得られた混合物を成形する第2の工程と、
前記第2の工程を経て得られた成形体を熱処理する第3の工程とを有し、
前記熱処理によって前記Fe基軟磁性合金粉の表面に酸化物層を形成し、該酸化物層を介してFe基軟磁性合金粉同士を結合させることを特徴とする磁心の製造方法。 - 前記第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉と第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉の合計に対する前記第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉の比率が質量比で40%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の磁心の製造方法。
- Fe基軟磁性合金粒が分散した組織を有する磁心であって、
前記Fe基軟磁性合金粒が、AlおよびCrを含む第1のFe基軟磁性合金粒と、CrおよびSiを含む第2のFe基軟磁性合金粒を有し、
前記Fe基軟磁性合金粒同士が、該粒の表面に形成された酸化物層を介して結合されていることを特徴とする磁心。 - 請求項3に記載の磁心と、前記磁心に巻装されたコイルとを有することを特徴とするコイル部品。
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| JP2020155672A (ja) * | 2019-03-22 | 2020-09-24 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 圧粉磁心 |
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| EP3171368A4 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
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