WO2016005679A1 - Girder for making a floor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a girder 1 for making a floor, including: a lattice 2 formed by an upper bar 3c connected to two lower bars 3a, 3b via a reinforcement 4, said lattice 2 having a spring effect; a rigid sheath 7 in which the lower bars 3a, 3b are arranged, said sheath 7 being intended for receiving a filler P for coating said lower bars 3a, 3b, said sheath 7 being made up of a bottom wall 72 and two side walls 71 a, 71 b; at least two linking shims 5 inserted into the sheath 7 and to which the lower bars 3a, 3b are attached, characterised in that each linking shim 5 includes a base 50 suitable for sliding on the bottom 72 of the sheath 7, said base 50 being provided with two notches 51a, 51b between which the lower bars 3a, 3b slide, the centre-to-centre distance between said two notches 51a, 51b being smaller than the no-load centre-to-centre distance of said two lower bars 3a, 3b such that the spring effect of the lattice 2 makes it possible to keep said two lower bars 3a, 3b at the bottom of said notches 51a, 51b, said lattice 2 remaining in place once installed in said shims 5.

Description

 POUTRELLE FOR MAKING A FLOOR

Description

Technical Field of the Invention

The invention relates to a beam for the realization of a floor. It also relates to a connecting block used in such a beam and a method of manufacturing the beam.

It concerns the technical field of building and supplies for the construction of buildings, and more specifically that of beams for the manufacture of floors or roofs.

State of the art Beams for the realization of a floor are known to those skilled in the art and are generally in the form of a steel trellis consisting of a longitudinal upper steel bar and two lower steel bars longitudinal interconnected not a welded metal frame. It is common to coat the lower bars of the mesh in a heel made of either concrete or resin. For example, patent document EP 0 870 883 (GRUPPO EFFE 2 SPA) discloses a beam comprising a U-shaped concrete heel in which the lower bars of the lattice are slid. In the manufacture of these beams, a sheath can be used to form a box in which the filling material (concrete or resin) can be cast.

Beams are also known for the production of concrete floor described in patent documents FR 2 540 540 (PERRAZ) and FR 2 554 148 (PERRAZ) which incorporate a sheath for pouring concrete. It is also known, the beams made in the patent document FR 2 862 994 (JOANNES) proposing to replace the concrete with a lighter insulating material thus providing more insulating beams, lighter and cheaper.

However, the beams proposed above do not have the ideal structure from the point of view of rigidity. Indeed, during the step of pouring the filler material, it is necessary to obtain an optimal coating of the lower bars of the mesh in order to have a better rigidity of the beam after its manufacture. For this, they must be maintained in a raised position relative to the bottom of the sheath, so that filling material is found between said bottom and the lower bars of the mesh.

Patent document FR 2 940 337 (ISOLTOP) proposes a solution to this problem by presenting beams comprising a trellis similar to that described in the other documents and a metal sheath in which the lower steel bars of the trellis are arranged and which is intended to receive the filling material. In order to overcome the disadvantage mentioned above, this beam comprises connecting calli connecting the lower bars to the sheath. These calluses have fixing lugs fixed on the walls of the sheath and are dimensioned so as to slide inside the sheath before fixing them. Although being an improvement of the previous systems, the technique described in this patent has the disadvantage of having to previously secure the connecting calles to the lower bars before being able to position the assembly. in the sheath. The assembly is then expensive and complex since it requires a prior operation of welding, riveting or screwing the lower bars on the calluses. Also known from the patent documents DE 24 04 281 (DATZ

HER ANN) and DE 90 10 331 (BUCHER FRANZ) a solution using bonding calli for raising the lower bars of the mesh so as to better coat them with the filling material. The calluses proposed in patent document DE 24 04 281 (DATZ HERMANN) comprise a base provided with two notches into which the lower bars slide. These calluses are previously installed in a mold used to pour the concrete used to form the heel.

The invention aims to remedy this state of affairs. In particular, an object of the invention is to improve and / or simplify the insertion and / or fixing of the lower bars of the trellis on the linkage while maintaining an easy assembly during the manufacture of the beams.

Another object of the invention is to provide rigid and light beams.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a method for producing beams quickly and cheaply.

Disclosure of the invention.

The solution proposed by the invention is a beam for the production of a floor comprising:

a lattice formed of an upper bar connected to two lower bars by means of a reinforcement, said lattice having a spring effect, a rigid sheath in which the lower bars are arranged, which sheath is intended to receive a filling product for coating said lower bars, said sheath consisting of a bottom wall and two side walls,

 - At least two connecting calli inserted in the sheath and on which the lower bars are fixed.

This beam is remarkable in that the connecting strip comprises a base adapted to slide on the bottom of the sheath, which base is provided with two notches in which the lower bars slide, the distance between the two said notches being less than the void spacing of said two lower bars so that the spring effect of the lattice allows to maintain the said two lower bars at the bottom of said notches, said lattice remaining in place once installed in said calluses.

Such a beam makes it easy to install the lower bars of the mesh in an elevated position relative to the bottom of the sheath, thus ensuring optimal coating during the filling step. It is now sufficient to simply install the connecting calles first in the sheath, then insert the bars of the lattice into the notches of said calluses. The assembly is in fact much simpler and faster than the beams of the prior art.

Other advantageous features of the invention are listed below. Each of these features may be considered alone or in combination with the outstanding features defined above, and may be the subject, as appropriate, of divisional patent applications:

- The notches of each link layer may extend perpendicular to the side walls of the sheath and each have a passage for inserting the lower bars, said passages facing each other, the notches may have a passage for the lower bars whose width is greater than the diameter of said bars, the beam may comprise two calluses disposed at each end of the sheath, the surface of the base of the end calli in contact with the bottom of the sheath being greater than that of the other callus located between the two said shells; 'ends,

 the base may be provided with an additional notch located between the two other notches, which additional notch is adapted to receive an additional reinforcing bar,

 the additional notch can be removably mounted in the base,

 - The sheath can be in the form of a U-shaped section whose side walls have flaps, the caliper having support portions located above the notches and coming into contact with said flaps when said connecting strip is inserted into said sheath,

 - The portion between the support portions and the notches may be curved or inclined.

Another aspect of the invention is a linkage caliper comprising a base provided with two notches, which base may be provided with an additional notch located between the two other notches.

Yet another aspect of the invention is a method of manufacturing a beam comprising the following steps:

 - insert the connecting calles in the sheath,

 positioning a first lower bar at a first notch and snapping this first lower bar into said first notch,

 - press the lattice to reduce the distance between the two lower bars,

positioning the second lower bar at the level of the second notch and snapping this second lower bar into said second notch, the spring effect of the lattice making it possible to keep the two said bars at the bottom of said notches, fill the sheath with filling material.

According to an advantageous characteristic of the process, the calluses are fixed in the sheath prior to filling.

Description of the figures.

Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear better on reading the description of a preferred embodiment which will follow, with reference to the accompanying drawings, carried out as indicative and non-limiting examples and in which:

 FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a front view of a beam according to the invention,

 FIGS. 2 and 3 represent connecting calles according to the invention,

FIG. 4 represents the installation of the trellis in the connecting trunk,

 FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic representation of a front view of a connecting strip having an additional notch,

 FIG. 6 represents a connecting strip having a removable additional notch,

 FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic representation of the set of "link-lattice-reinforcement bar" links,

 - Figure 8 is a schematic representation of the beam before the step of pouring the filler.

Preferred embodiments of the invention

The beam 1 object of the invention is used for the realization of a floor. This beam 1 has dimensions that can vary from several centimeters to several meters long, in practice up to fifteen meters.

Figure 1 schematically a section of such a beam. It comprises a mesh 2 formed of an upper bar 3c connected to two lower bars 3a, 3b via a frame 4. The bars 3a, 3b, 3c may be metallic but may also be made of another rigid material such as a polymeric material or a composite material. They may have a round section, rectangular, hexagonal, oval, or any other section suitable to the skilled person.

In Figures 7 and 8, the upper and lower bars 3a, 3b, 3c are installed parallel to each other and have substantially the same orientation. The upper bar 3c is arranged above the lower bars 3a, 3b so as to form a lattice 2 whose profile to a triangle shape. Depending on the size of the beams 1 desired, they can have a thickness or a diameter that varies from 5mm to 30mm.

The armature 4 connects the upper bars 3c and lower 3a, 3b together. It is generally in the form of two sinusoidally bent bars, each of said bars being disposed between one of the lower bars 3a, 3b and the upper bar 3c. In the same way as the lower and upper bars 3a, 3b, 3c, the frame 4 can be made of metal or any rigid material such as a polymer or a composite material. The lattice 2 thus formed may have a height ranging from 15cm to 100cm.

In FIG. 1, the beam 1 also comprises a rigid sheath 7 in which the lower bars 3a, 3b are arranged. This sheath 7 is generally in the form of a single-piece U-shaped profile made from a folded, extruded or welded sheet. It consists of a bottom wall 72 and two side walls 71a, 71b whose upper ends have flaps 70 facing inwards.

This sheath 7 is intended to receive a filling product P adapted to coat the lower bars 3a, 3b. The sheath 7 can receive the filling product P during the manufacture of the beam 1 at the factory, or later on the site during the manufacture of the floor. The sheath 7 in which is poured the filling product P, forms with the mesh 2, a unitary and integral unit. The side walls 71a, 71b and the bottom wall 72 of the sheath 7 form the supports of the beam when installed between the walls of a building.

The filling product P may be in the form of cement, lightened cement, a resin, an insulating material of the expanded polystyrene, expanded polyurethane or other type, preferably a flocking material of the fire-retardant type. rock wool, glass wool, cellulose wadding or other, or any other filling material suitable for the skilled person. It can also consist of concrete poured at the same time as the floor on the site.

Linking calli 5 solidly connect the lower bars 3a, 3b to the sheath 7. These calluses 5 allow the lower bars 3a, 3b to be raised in order to prevent them being in contact with the bottom wall 72, thereby improving their coating during the step of pouring the filling product P. The connection between the sheath 7 and the bars 3a, 3b also makes it possible to combine the mechanical characteristics of the mesh 2 and the sheath 7, and thus obtain a beam 1 having better resistance to bending. The beams 1 can reach lengths of about ten meters without being supported by props. The connecting calli 5 are inserted inside the sheath 7 in which they slide. To allow a good sliding, length and height 5 are less than a few millimeters lower than the width and height of the inner profile of the sheath 7. In practice, to obtain good rigidity of the beams 1, the connecting calli 5 are installed so as to be spaced approximately 50cm as shown in Figure 7.

The connecting layer 5 has a base 50 adapted to slide on the bottom 72 of the sheath 7. The base 50 has for example a parallelepiped shape with a length of between 5 cm and 50 cm, a height which can vary from 5 mm to 5 cm and a thickness ranging from 5mm to 5cm. It is equipped with two notches 51a, 51b at its ends, and in which slide the lower bars 3a, 3b of the mesh 2. The notches 51a, 51b extend perpendicular to the side walls 71a, 71b of the sheath 7. Each notch 51a, 51b has a passage 52a, 52b for inserting the lower bars 3a, 3b. The passages 52a, 52b have a diameter slightly greater than that of the lower bars 3a, 3b so as to slide easily during installation. The passages 52a, 52b are horizontal and face each other. They also extend perpendicular to the side walls 71a, 71b of the sheath 7. This diameter may be between 5mm and 30mm depending on the size and rigidity of the beams that the user wishes to obtain. The notches 51a, 51b are preferably rounded or C but may be oval, square or any other form suitable to the skilled person. Their thickness is preferably equal to that of the base 50 but can be lower so as to save the material in which is made the calle 5. This thickness is between 5mm and 5cm.

In FIG. 2a, the connecting strip 5 is in one piece and made of a rigid material such as a metal or a plastic. In this embodiment, the notches 51a, 51b have a thickness equal to that of the base 50. Support portions 53a, 53b are located above the notches 51a, 51b and are intended to come into contact with the flaps 70 sheath 7 thus making it possible to stiffen the interjoists support on the flaps 70 during the installation of the floor. The part 54a, 54b connecting the bearing portions 53a, 53b to the passages 52a, 52b is curved or inclined so as to facilitate the insertion of the bars 3a, 3b during the manufacture of the beams 1 as explained below with reference to the figures 4a to 4d.

In an alternative embodiment illustrated in Figure 2b, the linkage 5 is thinner and lighter than that illustrated in Figure 2a. We can thus obtain beams 1 lighter and easy to transport and / or install. It is in the form of a folded and / or stamped sheet metal part comprising a base 50 which slides against the bottom 72 of the sheath 7. This part comprises, in the same manner as the previous embodiment, two notches 51a, 51b having passages 52a, 52b for inserting the lower bars 3a, 3b. We also find the bearing portions 53a and 53b and the curved or inclined portions 54a, 54b.

In the embodiment shown in Figures 3 and 8, the base 50 has a width greater than the width of the notches 51a, 51b and which can vary from 2cm to 10cm. In practice, these calluses 5 are used at each end of the beam 1 so as to minimize the shear force phenomenon at the level of the support at the bottom of the walls on which said beam 1 is installed. This reduces the forces acting perpendicularly to the average line of the beam 1 and can cause deformations. These end calluses are installed in the sheath 7 at the same time as the other calluses 5 and preferably before inserting the mesh 2 into the notches 51a, 51b.

In FIGS. 3 and 6, the connecting block 5 has recesses 55a, 55b. These are placed on the notches 51a, 51b but can also be made in the base 50. They limit the amount of material used in the manufacture of calluses, and thus reduce the weight of the beams 1 while reducing the price of come back. They can be round, oval, square, or any other form suitable to the skilled person. According to FIGS. 4a to 4d, the lower bars 3a, 3b are inserted into the notches 51a, 51b by pressing on the mesh 2. Thus, in FIG. 4a, the empty spacing between the two lower bars 3a, 3b is greater than the distance between the two notches 51a, 51b. The lower bar 3b is first inserted in the notch 51b. The next step shown in Figure 4b is to slide the bar 3a on the curved portion 54a, which causes a decrease in the distance between the two bars 3a and 3b. In Figure 4c, the spacing between the bars 3a and 3b becomes minimum when the bar 3a arrives at the notch 51a. Finally, as illustrated in Figure 4d, the bar 3a enters the notch 51a. The spring effect of the lattice 2 then makes it possible to maintain the bars 3a and 3b at the bottom of the notches 51a and 51b. The mesh 2 is thus easily and quickly held in place in the sheath 7. The distance between the lower bars 3a, 3b is between 50mm and 150mm, the distance between the notches 51a, 51b being slightly smaller (about 5mm), the spring effect of the lattice 2 allows it to remain in place once installed in the calluses 5.

In FIGS. 5 to 8, the connecting strip 5 has an additional notch 8 making it possible to receive a reinforcing bar 9. The latter is used to reinforce the rigidity of the beam 1. The bar 9 is generally made of metal and can have a section of cylindrical, square, rectangular, oval, hexagonal, etc. It can extend over the entire length of the beam 1 or be located on only one part, preferably on its central part.

The additional notch 8 is positioned on the base 50 equidistant from the two notches 51a, 51b. It can be fixed as shown in Figure 5 or removable, as shown in Figure 6. In Figure 6, the notch 8 is in the form of a fixing pin to be inserted into a bore made in the base 50 of the connecting block 5. It may, however, be in other forms such as a fixing lug installed by means such screws, welds, or glue. The notch 8 may be made of a material similar to those described above, namely a metal or a plastic, but may also be made of a slightly flexible material such as a rubber, a polymeric material or a composite material.

The notch 8 is U-shaped or C-shaped. It comprises two lugs 8a, 8b spaced at a distance substantially equivalent to the thickness of the bar 9 so that the latter is properly held in position. Preferably, the distance separating the tabs 8a and 9b will be slightly less than the thickness of the reinforcement bar 9 so that it is correctly held in the notch 8.

In practice, this reinforcement bar 9 is installed before the installation of the mesh 2 and the insertion of the lower bars 3a, 3b in the notches 51a, 51b. Thus, the bar 9 is installed in the calluses 5, which are previously arranged in the sheath 7. The mesh 2 can then be inserted in turn in the manner described above.

With reference to FIG. 5, the connecting calli 5 are held in position by means of fixing means 10. The latter can be of different shapes such as screws, rivets, welds or glue. This step makes it possible to secure the calluses 5 in position in the case where the assembly "calles 5 - sheath 7 - trellis 2" must be transported before installation. This bonding is preferably carried out before pouring the filling product P into the sheath 7.

The arrangement of the various elements and / or means and / or steps of the invention, in the embodiments described above, should not be understood as requiring such an arrangement in all implementations. In any case, it will be understood that various modifications may be made to these elements and / or means and / or steps, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In particular :

 the thickness of the connecting block 5 used,

 the dimensions of the bars 3a, 3b, 3c and / or the mesh 2,

 - the length of the beam 1,

 the number of connecting calli used in each beam 1,

 the type of filling product P used,

 the use or not of an additional notch 8 for the use of a reinforcement bar 9,

 the "2-callus 5 lattice" and / or "2-callus 5-reinforcement bar 9" assemblies can first be assembled outside the sheath 7 before being slid into the latter,

 the type of fastening means used.

Claims

claims 1. Girder for the realization of a floor comprising:  - a lattice (2) formed of an upper bar (3c) connected to two lower bars (3a, 3b) via an armature (4), said lattice (2) having a spring effect,  a rigid sheath (7) in which the lower bars (3a, 3b) are arranged, which sheath (7) is intended to receive a filling product (P) for coating said lower bars (3a, 3b), said sheath ( 7) consisting of a bottom wall (72) and two side walls (71a, 71b),  - at least two connecting calli (5) inserted in the sheath (7) and on which the lower bars (3a, 3b) are fixed, characterized in that each connecting lug (5) comprises a base (50) adapted to slide on the bottom (72) of the sheath (7), which base (50) is provided with two notches (51a, 51b) in which the lower bars (3a, 3b) slide, the distance between the two said notches (51a, 51b) being less than the empty center distance of the two said lower bars (3a, 3b) so that the effect is apparent from the trellis (2) allows to maintain both said lower bars (3a, 3b) at the bottom of said notches (51a, 51b), said lattice (2) remaining in place once installed in said calli (5). 2. Girder according to claim 1 characterized in that the notches (51a, 51b) of each connecting layer (5) extend perpendicular to the side walls (71a, 71b) of the sheath (7) and each have a passage (52a, 52b) for inserting the lower bars (3a, 3b), said passages (52a, 52b) facing each other. 3. Girder according to one of claims 1 or 2 characterized in that the notches (51a, 51b) have a passage (52a, 52b) for the bars lower (3a, 3b) whose width is greater than the diameter of said bars (3a, 3b). 4. Girder according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that it comprises two calluses (5) disposed at each end of the sheath (7), the surface of the base (50) of the calluses (5) of ends in contact with the bottom (72) of the sheath (7) being greater than that of the other or calluses (5) between the two said calli (5) ends. 5. Girder according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the base (50) is provided with an additional notch (8) located between the two other notches (51a, 51b), which additional notch (8) is adapted to receive a reinforcement bar (9). 6. Joist according to one of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the notch (8) is removably mounted in the base (50). 7. Girder according to one of claims 1 to 6 characterized in that the sheath (7) is in the form of a U-shaped section whose side walls (71a, 71b) have flaps (70), the calle (5) having bearing portions (53a, 53b) located above the notches (51a, 51b) and engaging said flaps (70) when said connecting lug (5) is inserted into said sheath (7) . 8. Girder according to claim 7 characterized in that the portion (54a, 54b) between the bearing portions (53a, 53b) and the notches (51a, 51b) is curved or inclined. 9. Binding truss for a beam characterized in that it comprises a base (50) provided with two notches (51a, 51b). 10. Binding section for a beam according to claim 9 characterized in that the base (50) is provided with an additional notch (8) located between the two other notches (51a, 51b). 11. A method of manufacturing a beam according to claim 1 comprising the following steps:  inserting the connecting calles (5) in the sheath (7),  positioning a first lower bar (3b) at a first notch (51b) and inserting this first lower bar (3b) into said first notch (51b),  - press the lattice (2) to reduce the distance between the two lower bars (3a, 3b),  - Position the second lower bar (3a) at the second notch (51a) and slide the second lower bar (3a) in said second notch (51a), the spring effect of the mesh (2) to maintain the two said bars (3a, 3b) at the bottom of said notches (51a, 51b),  - fill the sheath (7) with filling material (P). 12. The manufacturing method according to claim 11 comprising a step of fixing the calluses (5) in the sheath (7) prior to filling.