WO2016002861A1 - 硬質皮膜 - Google Patents
硬質皮膜 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016002861A1 WO2016002861A1 PCT/JP2015/069068 JP2015069068W WO2016002861A1 WO 2016002861 A1 WO2016002861 A1 WO 2016002861A1 JP 2015069068 W JP2015069068 W JP 2015069068W WO 2016002861 A1 WO2016002861 A1 WO 2016002861A1
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- layer
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- film
- wear resistance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/042—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material including a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxides, ZrO2, rare earth oxides
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- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/003—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
- C04B37/005—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts consisting of glass or ceramic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
- B23B27/148—Composition of the cutting inserts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5053—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials non-oxide ceramics
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/87—Ceramics
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C14/024—Deposition of sublayers, e.g. to promote adhesion of the coating
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- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0641—Nitrides
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0664—Carbonitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
- C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
- C23C14/325—Electric arc evaporation
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/3435—Applying energy to the substrate during sputtering
- C23C14/345—Applying energy to the substrate during sputtering using substrate bias
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/54—Controlling or regulating the coating process
- C23C14/542—Controlling the film thickness or evaporation rate
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/54—Controlling or regulating the coating process
- C23C14/542—Controlling the film thickness or evaporation rate
- C23C14/543—Controlling the film thickness or evaporation rate using measurement on the vapor source
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/40—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition
- C23C28/42—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition characterized by the composition of the alternating layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
- C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
- B23B2226/27—Composites
- B23B2226/275—Carbon fibre reinforced carbon composites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
- B23B2228/10—Coatings
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/04—Ceramic interlayers
- C04B2237/08—Non-oxidic interlayers
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/32—Ceramic
- C04B2237/36—Non-oxidic
- C04B2237/365—Silicon carbide
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/72—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least two interlayers directly next to each other
Definitions
- the present invention is a base material for jigs and tools such as cutting tools and dies, especially for difficult-to-cut materials such as Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (carbon fiber reinforced resin: hereinafter referred to as “CFRP” as appropriate).
- CFRP Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic
- the present invention relates to a hard film formed on the surface.
- a hard film is generally formed on the base material surface of jigs and tools in order to improve wear resistance in cutting and the like.
- Patent Documents 1 to 5 disclose techniques for forming such a hard film.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a hard film containing SiC.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a covering member having a hard film coated on the surface by a sputtering method, and the hard film is a SiC film.
- Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4 a coated tool coated with a hard coating over the intermediate film on the substrate surface, the intermediate coating, a nitride or carbo-nitrides consisting Al x M y, hard A coated tool is disclosed in which the coating is a SiC coating.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a layer A having a composition of (Ti 1-xy Al x M y ) (B a Cb N 1- abCc ) and B 1-xy C x. N y, Si 1-x- y C x N y, C 1-x N x, Cu 1-y (C x N 1-x) hard multilayer formed by laminating a layer B comprising a composition of any of y, the A coating is disclosed.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-60765 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-132035 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-152878 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-96004 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-256080
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 are configured to form a SiC film on the surface of the substrate, but the adhesion between the surface of the substrate and the SiC film is insufficient.
- the technique disclosed in Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4 although it is configured to form a hard film made of SiC in the intermediate film comprising AlxMy, adhesion at the interface between the Al x M y and SiC Is insufficient. Therefore, the techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 4 are not practical as a hard film used for jigs and tools because the adhesion between the base material and each film is low.
- the carbon fiber in the CFPR has poor workability, so that the wear of jigs and tools becomes remarkable during the cutting process. Therefore, high hardness and excellent wear resistance are required for the hard coating of jigs and tools used for CFPR cutting.
- this invention is made
- the hard coating according to the present invention is a hard coating formed on a substrate, and the composition is Si w (C x N 1-x ) 1-w .
- the hard coating according to the present invention is provided by alternately laminating the A layer and the B layer having a predetermined composition, thereby increasing the hardness of the hard coating and improving the wear resistance of the hard coating. .
- the said hard film improves the adhesiveness of a film
- the hard coating includes an adhesion strengthening layer in which A layers and B layers are alternately and repeatedly laminated, and at least one set of A layers satisfies a predetermined relationship, and the maximum thickness of the A layer is By becoming more than predetermined thickness, the adhesiveness and abrasion resistance of a hard film improve.
- the hard coating according to the present invention since it comprises the A layer excellent in heat resistance and the B layer excellent in oxidation resistance, even when a difficult-to-cut material such as CFPR is targeted for cutting, It can cut suitably.
- a C layer is further formed on the adhesion reinforcing layer, the composition of the C layer is SiC, and the thickness of the C layer is 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 5.5 ⁇ m or less. preferable.
- the hard coating according to the present invention further has a C layer formed on the adhesion reinforcing layer, and the composition of the C layer is SiC and has a predetermined thickness. Further improvement can be achieved.
- the A layer and the B layer have a predetermined composition, an underlayer composed of the B layer, an adhesion reinforcing layer obtained by laminating the A layer and the B layer, and the A layer Since the thickness satisfies the prescribed rule, the hardness is high, and the adhesion and wear resistance are excellent.
- the hard coating 1 is a coating formed on a base material 10 for improving adhesion, hardness, and wear resistance, and is formed on the base layer 2 and the base layer 2.
- the adhesion reinforcement layer 3 to be formed is provided.
- the base material 10 examples include cemented carbide, iron-based alloy having metal carbide, cermet, high-speed tool steel, and the like.
- the base material 10 is not limited to these, and is a cutting tool such as a tip, a drill, or an end mill, a pressing tool, a forging die, a molding die, or a jig such as a punching punch. There may be.
- the underlayer 2 is a film formed on the substrate 10 and is composed of a B layer having a predetermined composition.
- the adhesion between the substrate 10 and the hard coating 1 is improved. Therefore, the thickness of the underlayer 2 is preferably 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m. Details of the composition of the B layer will be described later.
- the adhesion reinforcing layer 3 is a film formed on the underlayer 2 and is formed by alternately and repeatedly laminating A layers 4 having a predetermined composition and B layers 5 having a predetermined composition.
- the A layer 4 of the adhesion reinforcing layer 3 is a film having heat resistance, high hardness and excellent wear resistance. However, when used as a single layer, due to the problem of adhesion with the base material 10, further wear resistance can be obtained. There is a problem with improvement.
- the B layer 5 of the adhesion strengthening layer 3 is a film that is excellent in oxidation resistance and resistant to deformation due to high toughness, but has a problem that the wear resistance is inferior to the A layer 4 when used alone. There is. Furthermore, as shown in FIG.
- the inventors of the present invention have alternately and repeatedly laminated the A layer 4 and the B layer 5 on the base layer 2 as the adhesion reinforcing layer 3 and the thickness. Growth of unidirectional and coarse crystal grains 20 in the B layer 5 on the side of the underlayer 2 in the underlayer 2 and the adhesion reinforcing layer 3 by forming the A layer 4 so as to satisfy the prescribed rule. It was found that can be suppressed.
- the adhesion reinforcing layer 3 at least one pair of the A layers 4 and 4 adjacent to each other via the B layer 5 is farther from the base layer 2 than the thickness of the A layer 4 formed on the side close to the base layer 2.
- the crystal grains 20 can be made finer.
- the crystal grains 20 of the B layer 5 gradually become finer in the adhesion strengthening layer 3 toward the surface side of the hard coating 1, and mismatch at the interface between the A layer 4 and the B layer 5 hardly occurs. Therefore, the adhesion is improved.
- the crystal grains 20 of the outermost B layer 5 are sufficiently miniaturized, and the adhesion of both layers when a C layer described later is formed on the adhesion reinforcing layer 3 is also improved. And by laminating
- At least one set of A layers 4 and 4 (hereinafter simply referred to as “at least one set of A layers”) that are adjacent to each other through the B layer 5 in the adhesion reinforcing layer 3.
- the thickness of the other A layer 4 may be constant, and the thickness of the A layer 4 on the side close to the base layer 2 May be thicker than the A layer 4 on the side far from the base layer 2.
- the thickness of the A layer 4 increases in steps as the distance from the base layer 2 (closer to the surface of the hard coating 1). Is preferred.
- the thickness of the A layer 4 is preferably configured to increase by 0.1 to 20 nm every time it is laminated (every layer or every two or more layers).
- the A layer 4 needs to have a function of preventing the coarsening of the crystal grains 20 of the B layer 5 in the adhesion reinforcing layer 3.
- the maximum thickness of the inner A layer 4 needs to be 15 nm or more.
- the thickness of the thickest A layer 4 in the adhesion reinforcing layer 3 needs to be 15 nm or more.
- the maximum thickness of the A layer 4 is 20 nm or more.
- the upper limit of the maximum thickness of the A layer 4 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 60 nm or less, and more preferably 55 nm or less, from the viewpoint of ease of film formation and cost.
- the adhesion reinforcing layer 3 is based on the outermost surface of the adhesion reinforcing layer 3 (the surface on the side far from the base layer 2) from the viewpoint of economy such as shortening the film formation time. It is preferably formed in a region up to 50% of the total thickness, and more preferably formed in a region up to 30% of the total thickness of the adhesion reinforcing layer 3.
- the minimum thickness of the A layer 4 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 20 nm.
- the B layer 5 in the adhesion reinforcing layer 3 preferably has a constant thickness of each B layer 5. Further, the thickness of each B layer is preferably 5 to 100 nm, more preferably 10 to 60 nm.
- the thickness of the adhesion reinforcing layer 3, that is, the total thickness of the laminated A layer 4 and B layer 5 is preferably 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the adhesion reinforcing layer 3 is preferably formed by laminating the A layer 4 and the B layer 5 so that the base material 10 side becomes the A layer 4 and the outermost surface side becomes the A layer 4.
- the outermost surface layer side of the adhesion reinforcing layer 3 may be the B layer 5.
- the number of A layers 4 and B layers 5 constituting the adhesion reinforcing layer 3 is not particularly limited, but preferably 10 to 200 layers each.
- the thickness of each layer of the above-mentioned base layer 2 and adhesion strengthening layer 3 (A layer 4 and B layer 5) can be controlled by the evaporation amount of the target at the time of manufacturing the hard coating 1 to be described later.
- the A layer 4 is composed of a metal component (Si) and a non-metal component (C, N).
- the A layer 4 is a film having a composition of Si w (C, N) 1-w and satisfying 0.30 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.65.
- Si which is a metal component, is an element added to impart high hardness and wear resistance to the A layer.
- the atomic ratio (w) of Si needs to be 0.30 to 0.65, and preferably 0.35 to 0.65.
- the A layer 4 is a film in which the atomic ratio of the nonmetallic component is (C x N 1-x ) and satisfies 0.3 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.7 and (0.3 ⁇ 1-x ⁇ 0.7). is there.
- C which is a nonmetallic component, is an element that contributes to further increasing the hardness of the A layer.
- the atomic ratio (x) of C needs to be 0.3 to 0.7, preferably 0.35 to 0.65.
- the atomic ratio of N (1-x) needs to be 0.3 to 0.7, preferably 0.35 to 0.65, in order to ensure wear resistance and adhesion. .
- the B layer 5 is a film that is composed of a metal component (Ti, Al, Cr, Si) and a non-metal component (C, N) and is one of the following four types.
- the atomic ratio (1-a) of Ti as a metal component is 0.3 to 0.7
- Al The atomic ratio (a) must be between 0.3 and 0.7.
- at least the atomic ratio (k) of N, which is a nonmetallic component must be 0.5 to 1. Don't be.
- the atomic ratio (1-k) of C which is a nonmetallic component, may be 0.5 or less.
- the composition is Ti 1-c-d-e Cr c Al d Si e (C 1-k N k), c ⁇ 0.3,0.3 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.7,0 ⁇ e ⁇ Film satisfying 0.3, 1-cde ⁇ 0.3, 0.5 ⁇ k ⁇ 1
- at least the atomic ratio (1-cd) of Ti as a metal component is 0.3 or less
- the atomic ratio (c) of Cr should be 0.3 or less
- the atomic ratio (d) of Al should be 0.3 to 0.7
- the atomic ratio (e) of Si should be 0.3 or less.
- the atomic ratio (k) of N which is a nonmetallic component
- the atomic ratio (1-k) of C which is a nonmetallic component, may be 0.5 or less.
- the atomic ratio (1-f) of Ti which is a metal component
- the atomic ratio (f) must be between 0.05 and 0.3.
- at least the atomic ratio (k) of N which is a nonmetallic component, must be 0.5 to 1. Don't be.
- the atomic ratio (1-k) of C which is a nonmetallic component, may be 0.5 or less.
- the atomic ratio (w, x, a, b, c, d, e, f, k) of Si, C, N, Ti, Al, Cr in the above-described underlayer 2, A layer 4, and B layer 5 is described later.
- the hard coating 1 to be manufactured film forming step
- the atomic ratio (x, k) of C and N may be controlled by the introduction amount of an inert gas such as nitrogen or hydrocarbon introduced into the film forming apparatus 100.
- the thicknesses of the underlayer 2, the A layer 4, and the B layer 5 are controlled by the evaporation amount of the target at the time of film formation.
- the hard coating 1 ⁇ / b> A includes a base layer 2, an adhesion reinforcing layer 3 composed of an A layer 4 and a B layer 5, and a C layer 6 formed on the adhesion reinforcing layer 3.
- the wear resistance is further improved.
- the adhesion reinforcement layer 3 which consists of the base layer 2, A layer 4, and B layer 5, since it is the same as that of the hard film 1 of above-described 1st Embodiment, description is abbreviate
- the C layer 6 is composed of SiC.
- the composition of the C layer 6 is SiC
- the composition of the A layer 4 of the adhesion reinforcing layer 3 is Si w (C x N 1-x ) 1-w.
- the C layer 6 and the B layer 5 of the adhesion enhancing layer 3 are easy to match the crystal orientation of the B layer 5 and the SiC of the C layer 6 because the crystal grains 20 of the B layer 5 are miniaturized. Become. Therefore, the C layer 6 can be formed with good adhesion to both the A layer 4 and the B layer 5 of the adhesion reinforcing layer 3.
- the thickness of the C layer is 5.5 ⁇ m or less. Yes, preferably 4.0 ⁇ m or less, more preferably less than 4.0 ⁇ m.
- the C layer has a thickness of 0.2 ⁇ m or more, preferably 0.25 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more in order to ensure wear resistance.
- the thickness of the C layer 6 can be controlled by the evaporation amount of the target or the like when manufacturing the hard coating 1A described later.
- the formation method of the hard film 1 includes a base material preparation process, a base material heating process, and a film formation process.
- the base material preparation step is a step of preparing the base material 10 having a predetermined size by washing with ultrasonic waves or the like as necessary.
- the substrate heating step is a step of heating the substrate 10 after being introduced into the film forming apparatus 100 as shown in FIG. 4, and heating the substrate 10 so as to be maintained at a predetermined temperature, for example, 500 to 550 ° C. It is preferable to do. By heating the substrate 10, it becomes easy to form the hard coating 1 on the substrate 10 in the next step.
- the film forming step is a step of forming the hard film 1 on the substrate 10 using at least one of an arc ion plating method (AIP method) and a sputtering method (SP method).
- AIP method arc ion plating method
- SP method sputtering method
- the base layer 2 is formed on the substrate 10 by the AIP method or the SP method
- the adhesion reinforcing layer 3 is formed on the base layer 2 by using the SP method or both the AIP method and the SP method.
- a layer 4 of adhesion reinforcement layer 3 is formed by SP method
- B layer 5 of adhesion reinforcement layer 3 is formed by AIP method or SP method.
- the formation method of the hard film 1 of this invention may also include a base-material etching process between a base-material heating process and a film formation process.
- the base material etching step is a step of etching the surface of the base material 10 with ions of a rare gas such as Ar.
- a film forming apparatus 100 includes an arc power source connected to an arc evaporation source 101 and a chamber 103 having an exhaust port for evacuating, a gas supply port 104 for supplying a film forming gas and a rare gas. 109, a sputtering power source 108 connected to the sputtering evaporation source 102, a substrate stage 105 that supports the substrate 10 to be deposited, and a substrate stage 105 between the substrate stage 105 and the chamber 103. And a bias power source 107 for applying a negative bias voltage to the substrate 10.
- a heater 106, a discharge DC power source 112, a filament heating AC power source 111, and the like are provided.
- an underlayer target made of various metals, alloys, or metal compounds is attached to the arc evaporation source 101 or the sputter evaporation source 102 of the film forming apparatus 100, and further, the substrate is placed on the substrate stage 105. 10 is attached, and the inside of the chamber 103 is evacuated (for example, evacuated to 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less) to be in a vacuum state. Thereafter, Ar as a rare gas is introduced into the chamber 103, the substrate 10 is heated to a predetermined temperature by the heater 106 in the chamber 103, and etching with Ar ions is performed for a predetermined time by an ion source by thermionic emission from the filament 110. carry out.
- the base layer 10 is supported while the base layer target is evaporated by the arc power source 109 or the sputtering power source 108.
- the substrate stage 105 is rotated to form the base layer 2 having a predetermined thickness on the substrate 10.
- the thickness of the underlayer 2 is controlled by the input power to the arc evaporation source 101 or the sputter evaporation source 102 (the evaporation amount of the underlayer target), the rotation speed and the rotation speed of the substrate stage 105.
- the thickness of the base layer 2 becomes thinner as the rotation speed of the substrate stage 105 is higher.
- an A layer target (not shown) made of various metals, alloys or metal compounds is used as a sputter evaporation source 102
- a B layer target (not shown) made of various metals, alloys or metal compounds is used as a sputter evaporation source.
- the A layer target and the B layer target are evaporated at the same time by the sputtering power source 108 or the sputtering power source 108 and the arc power source 109 while introducing a film forming gas into the chamber 103 as necessary.
- the adhesion reinforcing layer 3 in which the A layer 4 and the B layer 5 are alternately stacked is lowered. It is formed on the formation. And A layer 4 in adhesion reinforcement layer 3 is formed so that thickness may increase, whenever it laminates.
- the object to be processed passes alternately in front of an evaporation source on which targets having different compositions are attached.
- the adhesion enhancing layer 3 in which the A layers 4 and the B layers 5 are alternately laminated by forming the films corresponding to the target compositions of the respective evaporation sources alternately.
- the thickness of each of the A layer 4 and the B layer 5 and the increase amount of the thickness of the A layer 4 are the power input to each evaporation source (target evaporation amount), the rotation speed of the substrate stage 105, and the rotation. Control by number. It should be noted that the thickness per layer decreases as the rotation speed of the substrate stage 105 increases.
- the evaporation of the target for the A layer and the target for the B layer is not limited at the same time, and the target for the B layer may be evaporated after the formation of the A layer.
- a bias voltage of ⁇ 200 V to less than 0 V, preferably ⁇ 150 V to ⁇ 10 V is applied from the bias power source 107 to the substrate stage 105 to the substrate 10 (the substrate 10 on which the underlayer 2 is formed). It is preferable to apply through.
- a bias voltage in a predetermined range to the base material 10
- the cutting performance of the hard coating is improved and the wear resistance is improved.
- the negative voltage of the bias voltage is increased, the base material 10 is heated during film formation and the film formation rate is lowered. Therefore, the A layer is not formed uniformly, and the hard coating 1 is broken (chipped) during cutting. It tends to occur and wear resistance tends to decrease.
- a UBMS power source (normal power source) such as UBMS 202 manufactured by Kobe Steel, a DMS power source, or the like can be used.
- the sputtering power supply 108 is preferably a DMS power supply.
- a DMS power source As the sputtering power source 108, it is possible to improve hardness and wear resistance as compared with a normal power source (UBMS power source). The reason why the hardness increases when the DMS power source is used is considered to be that ion irradiation of the target for the A layer is increased by the DMS power source.
- the 2nd formation method of the hard film concerning the present invention ie, the formation method of the hard film of a 2nd embodiment, is explained.
- FIG. 2 is referred to for the configuration of the hard coating 1A.
- the method for forming the hard coating 1A includes a base material preparation step, a base material heating step, and a film formation step. Since the base material preparing step and the base material heating step are the same as the first forming method (the forming method of the hard coating 1 described in FIG. 1), the description thereof is omitted.
- the forming method of the hard coating 1A may include the above-described base material etching step between the base material heating step and the film forming step.
- the base layer 2 and the adhesion reinforcing layer 3 of the A layer 4 and the B layer 5 are formed on the base material 10 in the same manner as the first forming method described above.
- the C layer 6 is formed by the SP method, it is preferable to use a UBMS power source, a DMS power source or the like as a sputtering power source, and a DMS power source.
- a bias voltage of ⁇ 100 V or more and less than 0 V is applied to the substrate 10 when a DMS power supply is used, and ⁇ 150 V or more and 0 V is applied to the substrate 10 when a UBMS power supply is used. It is preferable to apply a bias voltage of less than
- a C layer target made of SiC is attached to the sputter evaporation source 102, and the C layer target is evaporated by the sputtering power source 108.
- the substrate stage 105 that supports the substrate 10 (the object to be processed) on which the layer 3 is formed is rotated to form the C layer 6 having a predetermined thickness on the adhesion reinforcing layer 3 of the object to be processed.
- the thickness of the C layer 6 is controlled by the input power to the sputtering power source 108 (the evaporation amount of the target for the C layer), the rotational speed and the rotational speed of the substrate stage 105. Note that the thickness of the C layer 6 becomes thinner as the rotation speed of the substrate stage 105 is higher.
- the base material 10 (the base material 10 on which the underlayer 2 and the adhesion reinforcing layer 3 are formed) is -100V to less than 0V, preferably -100V to less than -10V, more preferably at the time of DMS power supply.
- the hardness and wear resistance of the hard coating 1A are improved.
- the negative voltage of the bias voltage is increased, the hardness of the C layer 6 is increased.
- the base material 10 is heated during film formation and the film formation rate is decreased, the C layer 6 is not formed uniformly. Breaking (chipping) is likely to occur in the hard coating 1A during cutting, and the wear resistance is reduced.
- the reason why the hardness increases when a bias voltage is applied is considered to be that the potential difference between the target for the C layer and the substrate 10 is increased and the ion irradiation of the target for the C layer is increased.
- a hard film was formed using the film forming apparatus shown in FIG.
- this invention is not limited to a following example.
- the A layer and the B layer were formed with various compositions. After the base layer made of the B layer was formed to a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m, the adhesion reinforcing layer was formed to a thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m.
- a UBMS power source or a DMS power source was used to form the A layer in the adhesion reinforcing layer.
- the bias voltage at the time of forming the A layer was fixed to -75V.
- a and B layers having different compositions were formed, the thickness of the A layer in the adhesion reinforcing layer was changed, and the influence on hardness, adhesion and wear resistance was examined.
- a layer (No. 8, 24, 35, 43) in which a layer A or a base layer (B layer) single layer was formed with a thickness of 2.0 ⁇ m was prepared.
- a layer (No. 25) in which an adhesion strengthening layer of only the A layer was formed with a thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m was prepared.
- a cutting tool as a substrate and a mirror-finished carbide test piece (13 mm ⁇ ⁇ 5 mm thickness) were ultrasonically cleaned in ethanol, and the substrate was attached to a substrate stage.
- the inside of the film forming apparatus was evacuated to 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa, the substrate was heated to 500 ° C., and then etching with Ar ions was performed for 5 minutes. Thereafter, a mixed gas obtained by adding nitrogen gas or a gas containing carbon as necessary to nitrogen gas is introduced up to 4 Pa, a B layer target (target diameter: 100 mm ⁇ ) is attached to the arc evaporation source, and the arc evaporation source is connected to the discharge current.
- the substrate was operated at 150 A, and the substrate stage was rotated at a rotation speed of 5 rpm to form an underlayer.
- the A layer target (target diameter 152.4 mm ⁇ ) is attached to the sputter evaporation source, the B layer target (similar to the underlayer target) is attached to the arc evaporation source, and the substrate stage is rotated at a rotation speed of 5 rpm.
- the A layer target was evaporated for a short time alone in a predetermined atmosphere such as the above-described nitrogen gas, and a bias voltage of ⁇ 75 V was applied to the substrate to form an A layer (lowermost layer) having a predetermined thickness.
- the adhesion reinforcing layer in which the A layer and the B layer are alternately laminated was formed on the underlayer so as to have a total thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the minimum thickness of the A layer thickness of the lowermost layer
- the increase amount of the thickness the increase amount of the thickness of the A layer increasing from the lowermost layer to the uppermost layer
- the maximum thickness The thickness of the uppermost layer and the thickness of the B layer (the thickness of one layer) were as shown in Tables 1 to 4.
- Presence / absence of A layer (set) having a predetermined relationship means that the thickness of the A layer formed on the side closer to the base layer in the set of A layers adjacent to each other via the B layer. Indicates whether or not there is one or more pairs (two A layers) satisfying the relationship that the thickness of the A layer formed on the side far from the base layer is thicker. Indicates that it exists.
- Component composition The component composition of the adhesion reinforcing layer composed of the underlayer, the A layer and the B layer was measured by EPMA (Electron Probe Micro Analyzer).
- Sample preparation device Focused ion beam processing observation device FB2000A manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. : SII Nanotechnology-SMI9200 High-performance ion microscope acceleration voltage: 30 kV (FIB normal processing)
- Ion source Ga Manufacturing method: A carbide specimen was processed by the FIB method (focused ion beam processing method). In order to protect the outermost surface of the test piece, a carbon film was coated with a high vacuum deposition apparatus and FIB, and then a test piece was extracted by FIB microsampling. Thereafter, the extracted small piece was thinned to a thickness that enables observation with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) by FIB processing.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the increment per layer was calculated by dividing by the number of layers in the lower and upper A layers.
- the estimation method obtains a difference between the position of the upper part of the base layer calculated from the film formation rate of the base B layer and the minimum measurement limit thickness position of the A layer. Assuming that the A layer and the B layer are alternately formed during this difference, the minimum thickness of the A layer was estimated in consideration of the increase in the A layer calculated above.
- the hardness was measured by a nanoindenter test using a cemented carbide test piece on which a hard film was formed.
- ENT1100 manufactured by Elionix Co., Ltd.” was used as an apparatus, and a Belcovic type triangular pyramid indenter was used as the indenter.
- Five load load curves were measured at five loads of 2, 5, 7, 10 and 20 mN, respectively.
- the data was corrected by the method (J. Mater. Res. Vol. 16, No. 11, 2001, 3084) for correcting the compliance and the indenter tip shape proposed by SAWA et al.
- a sample having a hardness of 30 GPa or higher was evaluated as good, and a sample having a hardness of less than 30 GPa was evaluated as defective.
- adhesion The adhesion was evaluated by a scratch test using a cemented carbide test piece on which a hard film was formed.
- the scratch test was performed by moving a diamond indenter of 200 ⁇ mR with respect to the hard coating under the conditions of a load increasing speed of 100 N / min and an indenter moving speed of 10 mm / min.
- the critical load value As the critical load value, the scratch portion was observed with an optical microscope after the scratch test, and the portion where the film was damaged was adopted as the critical load.
- adhesion strength (N) this is described as adhesion strength (N), with adhesion strength of 75 N or higher being good adhesion, and adhesion strength of less than 75 N being poor adhesion.
- ⁇ Second embodiment> In the second example, an experiment was performed in which the C layer was formed on the adhesion reinforcing layer and the thickness of the C layer was changed. The film composition and thickness of the base layer and the adhesion reinforcing layer were fixed. After the underlayer is formed to have a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m, among the adhesion strengthening layers, the A layer is alternately laminated with the B layer of 20 nm, and the A layer is 0.1 nm (the thickness of the lowermost layer) to the maximum thickness of 30 nm (the uppermost layer) To a thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m. Thereafter, a C layer was formed to a thickness shown in Table 5. And the influence which the thickness of C layer exerts on hardness, adhesiveness, and abrasion resistance was examined.
- a base layer and an adhesion reinforcing layer were formed on the substrate in the same manner as in the first example.
- a SiC target target diameter: 152.4 mm ⁇
- the substrate stage was rotated at a rotation speed of 5 rpm and a bias voltage of ⁇ 75 V was applied to the substrate to evaporate the SiC target to form a C layer having a predetermined thickness.
- a UBMS power source or a DMS power source was used for the A layer deposition and the C layer deposition.
- the component composition in the hard film was measured, and the hardness, adhesion, and wear resistance were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5.
- the component composition measurement method, hardness, adhesion, and abrasion resistance evaluation method are the same as in the first embodiment.
- the base layer and the B layer are “Al 0.65 Cr 0.35 N”, and the A layer is “Si 0.5 (C 0.5 N 0.5 ) 0.5.
- the C layer was “SiC”.
- the hard coating of the present invention has high hardness, excellent adhesion to the base material, and excellent wear resistance. Therefore, it is difficult to cut materials such as cutting tools and dies, especially carbon fiber reinforced resin products. It is useful as a tool for the target.
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Abstract
Description
また、特許文献3および特許文献4に開示されている技術は、AlxMyからなる中間皮膜にSiCからなる硬質皮膜を形成する構成になっているが、AlxMyとSiCとの界面の密着性が不十分である。
よって、特許文献1~4に開示されている技術は、基材や各皮膜の密着性が低いことから、治工具類に用いる硬質皮膜として実用的であるとは言い難い。
ここで、本発明に係る硬質皮膜の密着強化層のA層は、耐熱性、高硬度で耐摩耗性に優れる。また、密着強化層のB層は、耐酸化性および靱性に優れる。よって、本発明に係る硬質皮膜によると、耐熱性に優れるA層、耐酸化性に優れるB層を備えることから、CFPRのような難切削材を切削加工の対象とした場合であっても、好適に切削加工することができる。
このように、本発明に係る硬質皮膜は、密着強化層の上にC層がさらに形成され、C層の組成がSiCであるとともに所定の厚さであることから、硬質皮膜の耐摩耗性をさらに向上させることができる。
図1に示すように、硬質皮膜1は、密着性、硬度および耐摩耗性の向上のために基材10の上に形成される皮膜であって、下地層2と、下地層2の上に形成される密着強化層3とを備える。
基材10としては、超硬合金、金属炭化物を有する鉄基合金、サーメット、高速度工具鋼等が挙げられる。しかし、基材10としては、これらに限定されるものではなく、チップ、ドリル、エンドミル等の切削工具、プレス用金型、鍛造用金型、成型用金型、打ち抜きパンチ等の治工具類であってもよい。
下地層2は、基材10の上に形成される皮膜であって、所定の組成を有するB層からなる。下地層2が形成されていることによって、基材10と硬質皮膜1との密着性が向上する。そのため、下地層2の厚さは、0.1~5μmであることが好ましい。なお、B層の組成の詳細については、後記する。
密着強化層3は、下地層2の上に形成される皮膜であって、所定の組成を有するA層4と所定の組成を有するB層5とを交互に繰り返し積層することによって形成される。
密着強化層3のA層4は、耐熱性、高硬度で耐摩耗性に優れる皮膜であるが、単層で用いた場合には基材10との密着性の問題により、さらなる耐摩耗性の向上に問題がある。一方、密着強化層3のB層5は、耐酸化性に優れるとともに、高靱性のために変形に強い皮膜であるが、単独で用いた場合には耐摩耗性がA層4より劣るという問題がある。
さらに、図2に示すように、B層からなる下地層2内では、長径0.1~2.0μmの粗大な柱状の結晶粒20が、基材10表面に対して垂直方向に、言い換えると、基材10表面から遠ざかる方向に向けて一方向に成長する。したがって、下地層2の表面にSiC等の層を形成しようと試みても、結晶方位の整合性が悪く、両層の密着性が悪いという問題がある。
その結果、硬質皮膜1の表面側に向かうに従い、密着強化層3内でB層5の結晶粒20は徐々に微細化し、A層4とB層5との界面での不整合も起こり難くなるため密着性が向上する。加えて、最表面のB層5の結晶粒20が十分に微細化することになり、後記するC層を密着強化層3の上に形成する際の両層の密着性も向上する。そして、密着強化層3としてA層4とB層5とを積層することにより、当然、A層4、B層5が有する前記した効果も発揮することができる。
前記した密着性向上の効果を発現するためには、密着強化層3内においてB層5を介して隣り合う少なくとも1組のA層4、4(以下、単に「少なくとも1組のA層」という)が、下地層2に近い側に形成されたA層4の厚さよりも下地層2に遠い側に形成されたA層4の厚さの方が厚いという関係を満たす必要がある。つまり、少なくとも1組のA層4、4が、「下地層2に近い側に形成されたA層4の厚さ」<「下地層2に遠い側に形成されたA層4の厚さ」との関係を満たす必要がある。
そして、少なくとも1組のA層4、4が前記した関係を満たせばよいので、他のA層4の厚さは一定であってもよく、下地層2に近い側のA層4の厚さが下地層2に遠い側のA層4より厚くなる箇所があってもよい。
ただし、密着性向上の効果を確実なものとするために、A層4の厚さは、下地層2から遠ざかるに従い(硬質皮膜1の表面に近づくに従い)、段階的に厚さが増加する構成であるのが好ましい。例えば、A層4の厚さは、積層する毎(1層毎、または、2層以上毎)に0.1~20nmずつ増加する構成であるのが好ましい。
最大厚さが15nm以上のA層4を形成することにより、当該A層4が下地層2および密着強化層3内のB層5における結晶粒20の粗大化を防止し、密着性を向上させることができる。そして、密着性の向上という効果をより確実なものとするため、A層4の最大厚さは、20nm以上であることが好ましい。一方、A層4の最大厚さの上限については、特に制限されないが、成膜の実施のし易さ、およびコストの観点から、60nm以下が好ましく、55nm以下がさらに好ましい。
なお、A層4の最小厚さは、特に限定されないが、0.1~20nmが好ましい。
そして、密着強化層3は、基材10側がA層4となるようにA層4とB層5とを積層して、最表面側がA層4となることが好ましい。しかしながら、図示しないが、密着強化層3の最表面層側がB層5となってもよい。
また、密着強化層3を構成するA層4、B層5の層数については、特に限定されないが、各々、10~200層であるのが好ましい。
なお、前記した下地層2、密着強化層3(A層4、B層5)の各層の厚さは、後記する硬質皮膜1の製造の際のターゲットの蒸発量等によって制御することができる。
A層4は、組成が金属成分(Si)と非金属成分(C、N)とからなる。
そして、A層4は、組成が、Siw(C、N)1-wであり、0.30≦w≦0.65を満たす皮膜である。
金属成分であるSiは、A層に高硬度、耐摩耗性を付与するために添加する元素である。そして、これらの効果を発揮するためには、Siの原子比(w)は、0.30~0.65である必要があり、0.35~0.65が好ましい。
非金属成分であるCは、A層のさらなる高硬度化に寄与する元素である。ただし、Cが多すぎることによる密着性の低下を回避するため、Cの原子比(x)は、0.3~0.7である必要があり、0.35~0.65が好ましい。
なお、Nの原子比(1-x)については、耐摩耗性と密着性を確保するために、0.3~0.7である必要があり、好ましくは0.35~0.65である。
B層5は、組成が金属成分(Ti、Al、Cr、Si)と非金属成分(C、N)とからなり、以下の4種のいずれかである皮膜である。
B層5に高硬度かつ耐摩耗性を付与するとともに密着性を優れたものとするためには、金属成分であるTiの原子比(1-a)は0.3~0.7、Alの原子比(a)は0.3~0.7でなければならない。また、B層5に高硬度かつ耐摩耗性を付与するとともに密着性を優れたものとするためには、少なくとも非金属成分であるNの原子比(k)は0.5~1でなければならない。また、B層5のさらなる高硬度化のために、非金属成分であるCの原子比(1-k)を0.5以下としてもよい。
B層5に高硬度かつ耐摩耗性を付与するとともに密着性を優れたものとするためには、金属成分であるAlの原子比(b)は0.3~0.8、Crの原子比(1-b)は0.2~0.7でなければならない。また、B層5に高硬度かつ耐摩耗性を付与するとともに密着性を優れたものとするためには、少なくとも非金属成分であるNの原子比(k)は0.5~1でなければならない。また、B層5のさらなる高硬度化のために、非金属成分であるCの原子比(1-k)を0.5以下としてもよい。
B層5に高硬度かつ耐摩耗性を付与するとともに密着性を優れたものとするためには、少なくとも金属成分であるTiの原子比(1-c-d-e)は0.3以下、Crの原子比(c)は0.3以下、Alの原子比(d)は0.3~0.7、Siの原子比(e)は0.3以下でなければならない。また、B層5に高硬度かつ耐摩耗性を付与するとともに密着性を優れたものとするためには、少なくとも非金属成分であるNの原子比(k)は0.5~1でなければならない。また、B層5のさらなる高硬度化のために、非金属成分であるCの原子比(1-k)を0.5以下としてもよい。
B層5に高硬度かつ耐摩耗性を付与するとともに密着性を優れたものとするためには、金属成分であるTiの原子比(1-f)は0.7~0.95、Siの原子比(f)は0.05~0.3でなければならない。また、B層5に高硬度かつ耐摩耗性を付与するとともに密着性を優れたものとするためには、少なくとも非金属成分であるNの原子比(k)は0.5~1でなければならない。また、B層5のさらなる高硬度化のために、非金属成分であるCの原子比(1-k)を0.5以下としてもよい。
図3に示すように、硬質皮膜1Aは、下地層2と、A層4およびB層5からなる密着強化層3と、密着強化層3の上に形成されるC層6とを備える。硬質皮膜1Aは、C層6を備えることによって、耐摩耗性がさらに向上する。
なお、下地層2、A層4およびB層5からなる密着強化層3については、前記した第1の実施形態の硬質皮膜1と同様であるので、説明を省略する。
C層6は、組成がSiCからなる。
ここで、C層6の組成はSiC、密着強化層3のA層4の組成はSiw(CxN1-x)1-wであり、同種元素を含む関係であることから、両層の親和性は高い。また、C層6と密着強化層3のB層5とは、B層5の結晶粒20が微細化されているため、B層5とC層6のSiCとの結晶方位の整合がとり易くなる。
したがって、C層6は、密着強化層3のA層4およびB層5のいずれに対しても、密着性が良好な状態で形成することができる。
なお、C層6の厚さは、後記する硬質皮膜1Aの製造の際のターゲットの蒸発量等によって制御することができる。
硬質皮膜1の形成方法は、基材準備工程と、基材加熱工程と、皮膜形成工程とを含む。
基材準備工程は、所定サイズの基材10を必要に応じて超音波等で洗浄して、準備する工程である。
(基材加熱工程)
基材加熱工程は、図4に示すような成膜装置100に導入した後、基材10を加熱する工程で、基材10が所定温度、例えば、500~550℃に保持されるように加熱することが好ましい。基材10を加熱することによって、次工程において、基材10の上に硬質皮膜1を形成しやすくなる。
皮膜形成工程は、アークイオンプレーティング法(AIP法)およびスパッタリング法(SP法)の少なくとも一方を用いて硬質皮膜1を基材10の上に形成する工程である。具体的には、AIP法またはSP法で下地層2を基材10の上に形成し、SP法、または、AIP法とSP法の両方法を用いて密着強化層3を下地層2の上に形成する。そして、密着強化層3のA層4はSP法で形成し、密着強化層3のB層5はAIP法またはSP法で形成する。また、A層4をSP法で形成するときに、基材10に-200V以上0V未満のバイアス電圧を印加することが好ましい。
図4に示すように、成膜装置100は、真空排気する排気口と、成膜ガスおよび希ガスを供給するガス供給口104とを有するチャンバー103と、アーク蒸発源101に接続されたアーク電源109と、スパッタ蒸発源102に接続されたスパッタ電源108と、成膜対象である基材10を支持する基材ステージ105と、この基材ステージ105と前記チャンバー103との間で基材ステージ105を通して基材10に負のバイアス電圧を印加するバイアス電源107とを備えている。また、その他、ヒータ106、放電用直流電源112、フィラメント加熱用交流電源111等を備えている。
硬質皮膜1Aの形成方法は、基材準備工程と、基材加熱工程と、皮膜形成工程とを含む。基材準備工程と基材加熱工程は、前記した第1の形成方法(図1に記載された硬質皮膜1の形成方法)と同様であるので、説明を省略する。また、硬質皮膜1Aの形成方法は、前記した基材エッチング工程を基材加熱工程と皮膜形成工程との間に含んでもよい。
皮膜形成工程は、基材10の上に下地層2とA層4およびB層5の密着強化層3とを前記した第1の形成方法と同様にして形成し、その後、密着強化層3の上にSP法またはAIP法でC層6を形成する工程である。そして、C層6をSP法で形成するときには、スパッタ電源としてUBMS電源、DMS電源等を用い、DMS電源を用いることが好ましい。そして、C層形成時においては、基材10にバイアス電圧を印加することが好ましい。C層6をSP法で形成するときに、DMS電源を用いる場合には基材10に-100V以上0V未満のバイアス電圧を印加し、UBMS電源を用いる場合には基材10に-150V以上0V未満のバイアス電圧を印加することが好ましい。
<第1実施例>
第1実施例では、A層、B層とも種々の組成で成膜を実施した。B層からなる下地層を厚さ0.5μmで成膜した後に、密着強化層を厚さ1.5μmで成膜した。密着強化層内のA層の成膜には、UBMS電源またはDMS電源を用いた。A層成膜時のバイアス電圧は-75Vに固定して成膜した。各々組成の異なるA、B層を形成し、密着強化層内のA層の厚さを変化させ、硬度、密着性および耐摩耗性に及ぼす影響を検討した。
また、比較例として、A層または下地層(B層)単層の膜を厚さ2.0μmで形成したもの(No.8、24、35、43)を用意した。加えて、下地層(B層)を厚さ0.5μmで形成した後に、A層のみの密着強化層を厚さ1.5μmで形成したもの(No.25)を用意した。
なお、表中の「所定の関係のA層(組)の有無」とは、B層を介して隣り合うA層の組のうち、下地層に近い側に形成されたA層の厚さよりも下地層に遠い側に形成されたA層の厚さの方が厚いという関係を満たす組(2つのA層)が1組以上存在するか否かを表し、「○」の場合、1組以上存在することを示す。
下地層、A層とB層とからなる密着強化層の成分組成を、EPMA(Electron Probe Micro Analyzer)により測定した。
A層の最大厚さについては、硬質皮膜が形成された超硬試験片を以下の「試料作製装置」で加工した後、以下の「観察装置」により厚さを測定した。
試料作製装置 :日立製作所製 集束イオンビーム加工観察装置 FB2000A
:エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジ-製 SMI9200
高性能イオン顕微鏡
加速電圧 :30kV(FIB通常加工)
イオン源 :Ga
作製方法 :FIB法(集束イオンビーム加工法)で超硬試験片を加工した。試験片最表面保護のため、高真空蒸着装置およびFIBにてカーボン膜をコーティングした後、FIBマイクロサンプリングにて試験小片を摘出した。その後、摘出した小片をFIB加工により透過電子顕微鏡(TEM)による観察が可能な厚さまで薄片化を行った。
観察使用装置 :日立製作所製 透過電子顕微鏡 H-800
加速電圧 :200kV
撮影倍率 :200,000倍
総合倍率 :300,000倍
評価条件 :任意の1視野(断面)をアンダーフォーカス像で撮影し、撮影画像より当該一層を等間隔に10点測定し、最小値と最大値を除く8点の平均値を当該一層の膜厚とする。この方法で、密着強化層中のA層の最大厚さを計測した。B層の厚さも同様の方法で測定した。
A層の厚さの増加量については任意の1視野(断面)の下部にあるA層の厚さと、上部にあるA層の厚さを測定(測定方法は上記に準じる)し、その差を下部と上部にあるA層の層数で割ることで、1層あたりの増加分を算出した。
A層の最小厚さについては、測定可能なA層の最小測定限界厚さから推定した。推定方法は下地B層の成膜レートから算出される下地層の上部の位置と、A層の最小測定限界厚さ位置の差を求める。この差の間にA層とB層が交互に形成されていると仮定して、上記で算出したA層の増加分を考慮してA層の最小厚さを推測した。
これらの方法で求めたA層厚さの増加量およびA層の最小厚さが0.1nm以下のときは0.1nmと記載した。
硬度は、硬質皮膜が形成された超硬試験片を用いてナノインデンター試験によって測定した。ナノインデンターによる測定は、装置として「株式会社 エリオニクス製 ENT1100」を用い、インデンターにはベルコビッチ型の三角錐圧子を使用した。まず、荷重2、5、7、10および20mNの5荷重で各々5点の荷重負荷曲線を測定した。そして、SAWAらにより提案された装置のコンプライアンスと圧子先端形状を補正する方法(J.Mater.Res.Vol.16,No.11,2001,3084)によりデータの補正を行った。硬度が30GPa以上のものを良好、硬度が30GPa未満のものを不良と評価した。
密着性は、硬質皮膜が形成された超硬試験片を用いてスクラッチ試験によって評価した。スクラッチ試験は、硬質皮膜に対し、200μmRのダイヤモンド圧子を荷重増加速度100N/分、圧子移動速度10mm/分という条件で移動させて行った。臨界荷重値としては、スクラッチ試験後に、光学顕微鏡にてスクラッチ部分の観察を行い、皮膜に損傷が起こった部分を臨界荷重として採用した。表1~5ではこれを密着力(N)として記載し、密着力が75N以上のものを密着性が良好、密着力が75N未満のものを密着性が不良とした。
耐摩耗性は、硬質皮膜が形成された切削工具(ドリル)を用いて以下の条件で切削試験を実施し、160穴切削後のマージン部(刃先付近)における基材(超硬)が露出している最大摩耗幅を測定した。最大摩耗幅が35μm以下のものを耐摩耗性が良好、最大摩耗幅が35μmを超えるものを耐摩耗性が不良とした。
被削材 :CFRP
厚さ :5mm
ドリル :MAPAL製 MEGA-DRILL-COMPOSITE-MD
M2925-0600AU(ドリルの径:φ6.00mm)
切削速度 :45m/min
テーブル送り速度 :478mm/min
回転速度 :2389rpm
一回転当りの送り量:0.2mm/rev
穴あけ深さ :5mm
評価条件 :160穴切削後のマージン部の最大摩耗幅
一方、No.1(比較例)は、下地層およびB層のTiが下限値未満、Alが上限値を超えるため、硬度、密着性および耐摩耗性が不良であった。No.6(比較例)は、下地層およびB層のTiが上限値を超え、Alが下限値未満であるため、硬度、密着性および耐摩耗性が不良であった。No.7(比較例)は、下地層およびB層のCが上限値を超え、Nが下限値未満であるため、硬度、密着性および耐摩耗性が不良であった。No.8(比較例)は、下地層のみで構成されていることから、硬度および耐摩耗性が不良であった。
一方、No.9(比較例)は、下地層およびB層のAlが下限値未満、Crが上限値を超えるため、硬度、密着性および耐摩耗性が不良であった。No.16(比較例)は、A層の最大厚さが下限値未満であるため、硬度および密着性が不良であった。No.19(比較例)は、A層のSiが下限値未満であるため、硬度、密着性および耐摩耗性が不良であった。No.20(比較例)は、A層のCが上限値を超え、Nが下限値未満であるため、密着性および耐摩耗性が不良であった。No.22(比較例)は、下地層およびB層のAlが上限値を超え、Crが下限値未満であるため、硬度、密着性および耐摩耗性が不良であった。No.23(比較例)は、下地層およびB層のCが上限値を超え、Nが下限値未満であるため、硬度、密着性および耐摩耗性が不良であった。No.24(比較例)は、下地層のみで構成されていることから、硬度が不良であった。No.25(比較例)は、密着強化層がA層のみで構成されているため、密着性および耐摩耗性が不良であった。
一方、No.26(比較例)は、下地層およびB層のCrが上限値を超えているため、硬度、密着性および耐摩耗性が不良であった。No.33(比較例)は、下地層およびB層のSiが上限値を超えているため、密着性および耐摩耗性が不良であった。No.34(比較例)は、下地層およびB層のAlが上限値を超えているため、硬度、密着性および耐摩耗性が不良であった。No.35(比較例)は、下地層のみで構成されていることから、硬度が不良であった。
一方、No.36(比較例)は、下地層およびB層のTiが上限値を超え、Siが下限値未満であるため、密着性および耐摩耗性が不良であった。No.41(比較例)は、下地層およびB層のTiが下限値未満、Siが上限値を超えているため、密着性および耐摩耗性が不良であった。No.42(比較例)は、密着強化層を備えていないことから、硬度および耐摩耗性が不良であった。No.43(比較例)は、A層のみで構成されていることから、密着性および耐摩耗性が不良であった。
第2実施例では、密着強化層の上にC層を形成し、C層の厚さを変化させた実験を行った。なお、下地層および密着強化層の皮膜組成および厚さを固定した。下地層を0.5μm成膜した後に、密着強化層の内、A層をB層20nmと交互に積層し、A層を0.1nm(最下層の厚さ)から最大厚さ30nm(最上層の厚さ)まで増加させ、密着強化層として1.5μmになるように成膜した。その後、C層を表5に示す厚さで成膜した。そして、C層の厚さが、硬度、密着性および耐摩耗性に及ぼす影響を検討した。
成分組成の測定方法、硬度、密着性および耐摩耗性の評価方法は、前記第1実施例と同様である。なお、硬質皮膜中の成分組成のうち、下地層およびB層は「Al0.65Cr0.35N」、A層は「Si0.5(C0.5N0.5)0.5」、C層は「SiC」であった。
本出願は、2014年7月1日出願の日本特許出願(特願2014-136030)に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
2 下地層
3 密着強化層
4 A層
5 B層
6 C層
10 基材
20 結晶粒
Claims (2)
- 基材の上に形成される硬質皮膜であって、
組成が、Siw(CxN1-x)1-wであり、
0.30≦w≦0.65
0.3≦x≦0.7
を満たすA層と、
組成が、Ti1-aAla(C1-kNk)、AlbCr1-b(C1-kNk)、Ti1-c-d-eCrcAldSie(C1-kNk)、およびTi1-fSif(C1-kNk)のいずれかであり、
0.3≦a≦0.7
0.3≦b≦0.8
c≦0.3
0.3≦d≦0.7
0≦e≦0.3
1-c-d-e≦0.3
0.05≦f≦0.3
0.5≦k≦1
を満たすB層とを備え、
前記基材の上には前記B層からなる下地層が形成され、前記下地層の上には、前記A層および前記B層が交互に繰り返し積層された密着強化層が形成され、
前記密着強化層内においてB層を介して隣り合う少なくとも1組のA層が、前記下地層に近い側に形成されたA層の厚さよりも前記下地層に遠い側に形成されたA層の厚さの方が厚いという関係を満たし、
前記密着強化層内のA層の最大厚さが15nm以上であることを特徴とする硬質皮膜。 - 前記密着強化層の上にC層がさらに形成され、前記C層の組成がSiCであり、前記C層の厚みが0.2μm以上5.5μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の硬質皮膜。
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| CN108866491A (zh) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-11-23 | 山东大学 | TiAlN/CrAlSiN纳米复合多层涂层及其制备方法 |
| KR102519786B1 (ko) * | 2018-08-01 | 2023-04-10 | 오에스지 가부시키가이샤 | 경질 피막 및 경질 피막 피복 부재 |
| WO2020026391A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-02-06 | オーエスジー株式会社 | 硬質被膜および硬質被膜被覆部材 |
| WO2020075698A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-11 | 2020-04-16 | 株式会社不二越 | 硬質皮膜被覆ドリル |
| CN116940712A (zh) * | 2021-02-23 | 2023-10-24 | 欧瑞康表面处理解决方案股份公司普费菲孔 | 用于塑料加工应用的涂层体系 |
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| JP2013124405A (ja) * | 2011-12-15 | 2013-06-24 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 多層硬質皮膜 |
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| JP5681094B2 (ja) * | 2011-12-15 | 2015-03-04 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 積層硬質皮膜 |
| KR101625774B1 (ko) * | 2011-12-15 | 2016-05-30 | 가부시키가이샤 고베 세이코쇼 | 다층 경질 피막 및 그 제조 방법 |
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| JPH02159374A (ja) * | 1988-12-13 | 1990-06-19 | Ube Ind Ltd | イオンビームスパッタリング方法 |
| JP2005256080A (ja) * | 2004-03-11 | 2005-09-22 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 硬質積層皮膜および硬質積層皮膜の形成方法 |
| JP2007111815A (ja) * | 2005-10-19 | 2007-05-10 | Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Corp | 表面被覆切削工具 |
| JP2011083879A (ja) * | 2009-10-19 | 2011-04-28 | Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Corp | 表面被覆切削工具 |
| JP2013124405A (ja) * | 2011-12-15 | 2013-06-24 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 多層硬質皮膜 |
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| US20170129818A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 |
| JP2016014166A (ja) | 2016-01-28 |
| JP6163141B2 (ja) | 2017-07-12 |
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