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WO2016000697A1 - Machine électrique à affaiblissement de champ mécanique - Google Patents

Machine électrique à affaiblissement de champ mécanique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016000697A1
WO2016000697A1 PCT/DE2015/200262 DE2015200262W WO2016000697A1 WO 2016000697 A1 WO2016000697 A1 WO 2016000697A1 DE 2015200262 W DE2015200262 W DE 2015200262W WO 2016000697 A1 WO2016000697 A1 WO 2016000697A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnets
rotor
dynamo
permanent
machine according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2015/200262
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Schencke
Thomas Pfund
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Original Assignee
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG filed Critical Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Publication of WO2016000697A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016000697A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/02—Details
    • H02K21/021—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux
    • H02K21/028—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the magnetic circuit within the field or the armature, e.g. by using shunts, by adjusting the magnets position, by vectorial combination of field or armature sections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
    • H02K1/2773—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect consisting of tangentially magnetized radial magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a permanent magnet dynamoelectric machine with the ability to operate in the field weakening.
  • PSM permanent-magnet synchronous machine
  • PSMs are used in a variety of applications to perform electrical drive tasks. In industrial applications, for example, they are used as servomotors. Due to its high power density compared to other electric machines, the PSM is also considered the preferred drive unit in the field of electromobility. But even as a generator, for example in the field of renewable energy, especially wind power, the PSM is often used.
  • a disadvantage of permanently excited electrical machines compared to electrically excited dynamoelectric machines is that the excitation field in its height can not be changed easily.
  • a reduction of the magnetic excitation flux is desirable in order to operate a dynamoelectric machine in the so-called field weakening range.
  • the field weakening area identifies the area of the constant power at which increasing speed decreases the output from the machine torque.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a permanent-magnet dynamo electric machine with the ability to field weakening, which has a high electrical efficiency.
  • the dynamo-electric pernnan-excited machine comprises a stator and a rotor with magnetic pockets spaced apart from the stator via an air gap, as well as permanent magnets which can be displaced in the radial direction.
  • the special feature of this machine is that the permanent magnets according to the invention at least partially penetrate into the magnetic pockets and in this case the penetration depth of the permanent magnets depends on their radial position, wherein the density of the magnetic air gap flux generated by the permanent magnets in turn depends on the penetration depth.
  • the magnetic pockets guide the permanent magnets in the radial direction.
  • the permanent magnets are preferably magnetized substantially tangentially to the circumferential direction of the rotor.
  • the magnetic pockets preferably extend primarily in the radial and axial directions.
  • the air gap flow of the dynamoelectric machine changes.
  • the rotor is designed such that the density of the air gap flux decreases with decreasing penetration depth.
  • the field weakening operation is initiated by the fact that the permanent magnets are radi al out of the associated magnetic pockets out.
  • the rotor is designed such that a radially outward displacement of the permanent magnets causes a reduction in the penetration depth.
  • the reduction of the air gap flux when the permanent magnets are brought out of the magnetic pockets can now be realized, preferably, by arranging the magnetic pockets in a ferromagnetic material and, viewed radially outwards, a region of lower permeability to the magnetotapes. see connects. Now, if the permanent magnets are moved from radially inward to radially outward, then a part of the permanent magnets, which was previously surrounded by ferromagnetic material, enters a region of significantly lower magnetic conductivity, so that this latter part experiences a higher magnetic resistance. As a result, the total flux density in the air gap is reduced.
  • An embodiment of the dynamoelectric machine in which a radially outward displacement of the permanent magnets has a reduction of the penetration depth, allows in a further particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, that causes the radially outward displacement of the permanent magnets by increasing centrifugal force with increasing rotor speed becomes. In this way, the field weakening operation can be automatically initiated when the engine is accelerated. An actuator that actively shifts the permanent magnets outwards is not necessary in this case.
  • the permanent magnets may be biased by a spring in the radial direction inwards.
  • This spring tension is dimensioned such that, starting from a rotational speed which represents the limit rotational speed of the engine at maximum engine torque, a further rotational speed increase can only be realized via the field weakening operation.
  • an embodiment of the machine which has a signal input for an error signal and an actuator for active displacement of the permanent magnets out of the magnetic pocket in the case of an applied error signal.
  • the permanent magnets dip in a radially outward displacement in this low-permeability region.
  • a particularly advantageous application for a dynamoelectric machine according to one of the previously described embodiments can be seen in the field of electromobility.
  • the dynamoelectric machine can be designed as a permanent magnet synchronous machine, since this has significant advantages over competing machine types, especially in vehicle applications due to their high power density.
  • the inventive method of mechanical field weakening described here further increases the efficiency of such a machine, which is extremely advantageous, especially with regard to the desirable range extension in electric vehicles.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a rotor of the invention in a first operating state and FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the rotor according to FIG. 2 in a second operating state.
  • Figure 1 shows a known from the prior art construction of an electrical machine. From a stator 1 with toothed coil technology, only a partial annular cutout is shown. The stator 1 concentrically surrounds a rotor 2 designed as an internal rotor, which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a rotor shaft 9. Stator 1 and rotor 2 are spaced apart by an air gap 8.
  • the machine is a permanent magnet synchronous machine.
  • the rotor 2 has permanent magnets 4 buried in magnetic pockets which are magnetized in the circumferential direction of the rotor 2.
  • Each permanent magnet 4 is adjacent in the circumferential direction on both sides of two Flussleit Swissen 6 of highly permeable material, such as stanzp faced electrical steel sheets.
  • the magnetic flux exiting initially from the permanent magnets 4 in the circumferential direction is deflected in a radial direction, so that the magnetic flux lines essentially pass through the air gap 8 in a radial direction.
  • the rotor 2 consists of two further essential elements: an inner rotor part 5 and the flux-conducting pieces 6 positively connected to the inner rotor part 5.
  • the flux-conducting pieces 6 can be pushed axially onto corresponding positive-locking elements 7 of the inner rotor part 5 , In the spaces between the flux guide 7, the corresponding pockets for receiving the permanent magnets 4 are formed.
  • FIG. 1 The two subsequent figures now show by way of example how, based on the invention, the dynamoelectric machine illustrated in FIG. 1 can be modified in order to enable a field weakening operation with a higher electrical efficiency.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a rotor 2 of the invention in a first operating state.
  • the magnetic pockets 3 provided for receiving the permanent magnets 4 are radially offset slightly inwards, so that the permanent magnets 4 are slightly further away from the air gap 8 of the machine in the operational situation illustrated in FIG ,
  • the peculiarity of the electrical machine illustrated in FIG. 2 consists in the fact that the permanent magnets 4 can be pushed out of the magnetic pockets 3 in the radial direction.
  • the permanent magnets 4 are in this case in each operating state at least partially performed by the magnetic pockets 3.
  • the maximum exciter flux of the machine is established.
  • the permanent magnets 4 shown here they penetrate maximally into the magnetic pockets 3.
  • the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets 4 thus opposes a minimum magnetic resistance.
  • the magnetic field lines, which emerge tangentially from the permanent magnets 4 substantially in the circumferential direction of the machine, are deflected in the radial direction within the flux guide pieces 6 and pass through the air gap 8 of the machine.
  • the permanent magnets 3 are biased against the groove bottom of the magnet pockets 3 by spring elements 1 1 shown schematically here. Up to a certain speed of the machine, the biasing force of these springs 1 1 is sufficient to hold the permanent magnets 4 against the centrifugal force in this position maximum penetration depth.
  • the outer side of the magnetic pockets 3 is adjoined by a region of lower permeability 10, which has a significantly lower magnetic conductance in comparison to the flux conducting pieces 6.
  • This may be, for example, air, but also a low-permeability solid, in particular plastic.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the rotor according to FIG. 2 in a second operating state in which a field weakening operation occurs.
  • the penetration depth of the permanent magnets 4 in the magnetic pockets 3 has decreased since the permanent magnets 4 have now moved piecemeal into the area of lower permeability 10.
  • the part of the permanent magnets 4, which is located in this region of lower permeability 10, now sees itself confronted with a significantly higher magnetic conductance than the part of the permanent magnets 4 which still lies in the magnetic pockets 3.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une machine dynamoélectrique à excitation permanente comprenant un stator (1), un rotor (2) espacé du stator (1) par un entrefer et présentant des compartiments d'aimant (3), et des aimants permanents (4) mobiles dans la direction radiale, les aimants permanents (4) pénétrant au moins en partie dans les compartiments d'aimant (3), la profondeur de pénétration des aimants permanents (4) dépendant de leur position radiale et la densité du flux d'entrefer magnétique produit par les aimants permanents (4) dépendant de la profondeur de pénétration.
PCT/DE2015/200262 2014-07-03 2015-04-16 Machine électrique à affaiblissement de champ mécanique Ceased WO2016000697A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014212871.4 2014-07-03
DE102014212871.4A DE102014212871A1 (de) 2014-07-03 2014-07-03 Elektrische Maschine mit mechanischer Feldschwächung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016000697A1 true WO2016000697A1 (fr) 2016-01-07

Family

ID=53276691

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2015/200262 Ceased WO2016000697A1 (fr) 2014-07-03 2015-04-16 Machine électrique à affaiblissement de champ mécanique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102014212871A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016000697A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024235388A1 (fr) 2023-05-15 2024-11-21 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Procédé de commande en boucle fermée de machines électriques affaiblies de champ mécaniquement
US12166389B1 (en) * 2023-06-06 2024-12-10 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Centrifugal magnetic flux adjuster electrical motor
US12466410B2 (en) 2021-05-12 2025-11-11 Volvo Truck Corporation Electric machine with a variable stator geometry configured for adjustable power loss

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017106828A1 (de) 2017-03-30 2018-10-04 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG E-Motor mit Umschaltelementen im Magnetkreis
DE102020102457B4 (de) 2020-01-31 2024-01-25 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Elektrische Maschine mit durch Klemmen fixierter Rotormagnete; sowie Verfahren zur Montage eines Rotors
DE102020115286A1 (de) 2020-06-09 2021-12-09 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Elektromotor mit Aufnahmetaschen zur Aufnahme von Magneten

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07288940A (ja) * 1994-04-13 1995-10-31 Meidensha Corp 永久磁石回転電機
JPH0965591A (ja) * 1995-08-24 1997-03-07 Toyota Motor Corp 永久磁石モータ
US20060091752A1 (en) 2004-11-04 2006-05-04 Taku Adaniya Electric motor and electric compressor
US20090026864A1 (en) * 2007-07-26 2009-01-29 Kura Laboratory Corporation Field controllable rotating electric machine system with flux shunt control
DE102012201347A1 (de) * 2012-01-31 2013-08-01 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Elektromaschine, insbesondere Elektromotor für ein Kraftfahrzeug

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07288940A (ja) * 1994-04-13 1995-10-31 Meidensha Corp 永久磁石回転電機
JPH0965591A (ja) * 1995-08-24 1997-03-07 Toyota Motor Corp 永久磁石モータ
US20060091752A1 (en) 2004-11-04 2006-05-04 Taku Adaniya Electric motor and electric compressor
US20090026864A1 (en) * 2007-07-26 2009-01-29 Kura Laboratory Corporation Field controllable rotating electric machine system with flux shunt control
DE102012201347A1 (de) * 2012-01-31 2013-08-01 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Elektromaschine, insbesondere Elektromotor für ein Kraftfahrzeug

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12466410B2 (en) 2021-05-12 2025-11-11 Volvo Truck Corporation Electric machine with a variable stator geometry configured for adjustable power loss
WO2024235388A1 (fr) 2023-05-15 2024-11-21 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Procédé de commande en boucle fermée de machines électriques affaiblies de champ mécaniquement
DE102023112743A1 (de) 2023-05-15 2024-11-21 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Verfahren zur regelung mechanisch feldgeschwächter elektrischer maschinen
US12166389B1 (en) * 2023-06-06 2024-12-10 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Centrifugal magnetic flux adjuster electrical motor
US20240413723A1 (en) * 2023-06-06 2024-12-12 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Centrifugal magnetic flux adjuster electrical motor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102014212871A1 (de) 2016-01-07

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