WO2016093104A1 - 老化抑制剤 - Google Patents
老化抑制剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016093104A1 WO2016093104A1 PCT/JP2015/083686 JP2015083686W WO2016093104A1 WO 2016093104 A1 WO2016093104 A1 WO 2016093104A1 JP 2015083686 W JP2015083686 W JP 2015083686W WO 2016093104 A1 WO2016093104 A1 WO 2016093104A1
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- Prior art keywords
- group
- lactic acid
- fermented
- yeast
- aging
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- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
- A61K31/198—Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aging inhibitor using a plant fermented product, and more particularly, to an aging inhibitor that has both an effect of suppressing the expression of aging symptoms associated with aging of animals and an effect of prolonging survival, and is excellent in safety.
- Non-patent Document 6 insulin / growth factor (IGF-1) signal and longevity has been found as a common signal transduction pathway in nematodes, Drosophila, and mammals (mouse)
- IGF-1 insulin / growth factor
- resveratrol a low molecular component of red grapes
- Non-Patent Document 7 research on related substances is being conducted
- sirtuins have histone deacetylase activity and have been found to be related to life extension, and various clues are expected to be associated.
- a low-molecular regulator of sirtuin has been found (Non-patent Document 9).
- Non-patent Document 10 Non-patent Document 10
- nematodes Drosophila
- mice are mammals, and normal mice have a life span of about 2 to 3 years. can do.
- SAM-P mice which are aging-promoting model mice found in AKR mice at the animal experiment facility of Kyoto University, have a life span of about 1.5 years and exhibit various aging-specific symptoms. Compared with the type of SAM-R1 mouse, it is frequently used in aging studies. These mice have been subcultured and marketed by the SAM Study Group, and the evaluation method for aging symptoms has also been standardized by the SAM Study Group. Standardized aging indicators use behavioral abnormalities and slowness, eye symptoms (such as drowning around the eyes, cloudiness of the cornea, and cataracts), skin aging symptoms such as hair loss and fur, and spinal curvature. On the other hand, extension of survival rate, which is one index of aging suppression, is not included in the standard evaluation index of the SAM Study Group.
- Non-Patent Document 11 Mucosal stem cells in the small intestine of mice exposed to 6-14 gray X-rays are damaged, but Ito et al. Reported that small intestinal crypt stem cells were less damaged in mice fed with miso (non-intestinal). Patent Document 12). However, there are no reports on aging symptoms or survival rate. Although it has been reported that Manda Kogyo, a plant fermented food using a similar evaluation system, is effective in suppressing mucosal stem cell damage in the small intestine of mice irradiated with X-rays (Non-patent Document 13), suppression of aging symptoms No increase in survival rate has been reported.
- Non-patent Document 14 SAM-P1 aging-promoting model mice. Compared to the CoQ10 non-added group, although it showed a significant aging inhibitory effect in terms of eye symptoms, skin symptoms, spinal curvature, and overall symptom score, there was no increase in life span. In addition, soybean protein SPI and casein were compared, and there was no difference in the degree of aging, but it was reported that SPI had an effect of extending the survival rate (Non-patent Document 15).
- sirtuins involved in aging As for sirtuins involved in aging, it has been reported that sirtuins are potentiated or suppressed by traditional Chinese medicines, but no life extension test has been conducted. On the other hand, resveratrol contained in red grapes has been reported to extend the life span of Drosophila and mice.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a highly safe aging inhibitor that delays the onset of a plurality of aging-related symptoms and prolongs life.
- the present inventor has fermented fermented plants with lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, koji molds, etc., which suppresses various aging symptoms associated with aging. And it has been found that the survival rate is prolonged, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention provides the following (a) to (g).
- this invention is the food / beverage products containing the said aging inhibitor.
- the present invention is a life extending agent containing the plant fermented product of the above (a) to (g) as an active ingredient.
- the aging inhibitor of the present invention can suppress the expression of a wide range of aging symptoms associated with aging of animals and can prolong the survival rate. Moreover, since the plant and microorganism used as the raw material of the plant fermented material which is an active ingredient are rich in food experience, they are extremely safe.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a survival curve of SAM mice in Test Example 2. The vertical axis shows the survival rate (%) of SAM mice, and the horizontal axis shows the age of SAM mice.
- a solid line is a 2% group of plant fermented products
- a chain line is a 0.2% group of plant fermented products.
- two points of 54 weeks and 60 weeks of age capable of securing 6/8 or more surviving animals were selected and indicated by arrows.
- the “spine curvature score” which is one of the aging indicators of the plant fermented product 2% group and the 0.2% group fermented product, was compared for 54 weeks old (A) and 60 weeks old (B), respectively.
- the aging inhibitor of the present invention contains the following plant fermented product as an active ingredient.
- This plant fermented product is a mixture of the following plant fermented products (a) to (g).
- (B) selected from the group consisting of mandarin orange, grape, apple, yama grape, peach, oyster, papaya, pear, watermelon, plum, fig, karin, pumpkin, kumquat, yuzu, loquat, apricot, jujube, chestnut, matatabi and plum
- a fermented product obtained by allowing yeast and / or lactic acid bacteria to act on one or more fruits.
- (C) One or two kinds selected from the group consisting of purple potato, chrysanthemum potato, carrot, onion, sweet potato, taro, natural potato, radish, red turnip, burdock, lotus root, yacon, lily root, quail, ginger, garlic and turmeric
- a fermented product obtained by allowing yeast and / or lactic acid bacteria to act on the above root vegetables and potatoes.
- (D) A fermented product obtained by allowing yeast and / or lactic acid bacteria to act on one or more flowers / leaf vegetables selected from the group consisting of cabbage, shiso, mulberry leaves, dokudomi, mugwort, kumazasa and dandelion.
- (F) A fermented product obtained by fermenting yeast and / or lactic acid bacteria to one or more seeds selected from the group consisting of black sesame, walnuts and ginnan.
- G Fermented material obtained by allowing yeast and / or lactic acid bacteria to act on one or two mushrooms selected from the group consisting of maitake and shiitake.
- the anti-aging inhibitor of the present invention may be a plant fermented product obtained by mixing the fermented products (a) to (g) as an active ingredient as it is.
- the taste and formulation can be improved. Can be improved.
- lactic acid bacteria include lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, etc., and among others, Pediococcus ascii Dilacti (P.acidilacti), Lactobacillus brevis (L. brevis), Leuconostoc mesenteroides (L.
- Lactobacillus plantarum L. plantarum
- Lactococcus lactis L. lactis
- Lactobacillus sakei L. sakei
- Pediococcus pentosaceus P. pentosaceus
- Lactobacillus casei L. ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ casei
- Lactobacillus reuteri L. reuteri
- Lactobacillus curvatus L. curvatus
- Etc. are preferably used, and one or more of these can be used.
- Aspergillus include Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus kawachii, and one or more of these can be used. Those which are commercially available can also be used.
- Plants such as beans, cereals, and fruits to be subjected to fermentation may be used as they are, or may be subjected to pretreatment such as pulverization and drying as necessary. Moreover, you may dilute by adding water as needed.
- the fermented products (a) to (g) described above are obtained by inoculating a plant as a raw material with lactic acid bacteria, yeasts or koji molds, and culturing them.
- the culture may be performed by a conventional method. For example, about 0.001 to 1% by mass of lactic acid bacteria, yeast or koji molds is added to one or a mixture of two or more plants, and 70 to 140 at 20 to 50 ° C. What is necessary is just to ferment for about an hour.
- the fermented products (a) to (g) thus obtained can be mixed and used as they are as active ingredients, but it is preferable to further culture at 20 to 40 ° C. for about 200 to 300 hours as necessary. . Furthermore, this mixture is preferably post-fermented (ripened). In post-fermentation, if necessary, an acetic acid bacterium may be allowed to act. For example, one or two or more of the plants included in the above (a) to (g) are allowed to act on the yeast. What is necessary is just to add the acetic acid fermented material which made acetic acid bacteria, such as Acetobacter aceti (A.aceti) act. Post-fermentation may be performed at 25 to 35 ° C. for about 70 hours to about 1 year. By undergoing a ripening process by post-fermentation, the taste and formulation can be improved, and the antioxidant activity can be increased.
- An example of a suitable method for producing the above plant fermented product is a multi-stage complex fermentation method.
- This method mixes a complex lactic acid bacteria fermented product mainly made of fruits, vegetables and seaweed with a yeast fermented product made mainly of vegetables, root vegetables, seeds, mushrooms and fruits.
- fermented koji molds mainly made of cereals and beans are added, and further fermented acetic acid is added and mixed, followed by filtration and concentration, followed by post-fermentation for about one year.
- each fermentation product is further assimilated and converted by another type of fungi, so that the flavor is improved and the effects such as antioxidant activity are enhanced.
- the aging inhibitor and life extension agent of the present invention are prepared by adding a pharmacologically acceptable carrier, excipient, water activity regulator, etc. to the fermented plant thus obtained according to a known pharmaceutical production method. In addition, it is obtained by formulating.
- the plant fermented product may be concentrated as necessary to adjust the concentration, or may be pulverized by spraying or freeze-drying.
- carriers and excipients used in the formulation include lactose, glucose, sucrose, starch, and saccharide mixtures.
- solutions, pastes, soft capsules, chewables and capsules are used.
- an oral intake of about 0.1 to 10 g, preferably 0.6 to 6 g (converted to solid content) per day as an active ingredient plant fermented product may be used.
- the aging inhibitor / life extension agent of the present invention can be made into a form of food or drink by blending with known food materials in addition to pharmaceuticals, quasi drugs and the like.
- the plant fermented product can be ingested as it is, but may be filtered and concentrated after sterilization to improve the shelf life, or sprayed or freeze-dried in the form of a powder after adding an excipient as necessary. It is good. Furthermore, in order to improve the shelf life in the distribution process, it is desirable that the water activity is reduced by concentration.
- Examples of the form of the food and drink include pastes, soft capsules, tablets, and drinks.
- An excellent aging inhibitory effect and the like can be obtained by seeding about 0.1 to 10 g, preferably 0.6 to 6 g (in terms of solid content) as a plant fermented product per day for an adult.
- Examples of commercially available products obtained by formulating such fermented plant products as food products include natural enzyme gold seals, natural enzyme capsules (manufactured by Nippon Natural Fermentation Co., Ltd.), and the like.
- the plant fermented product of the active ingredient used in the present invention has the following properties (1) to (4).
- (1) In addition to sweetness derived from raw materials such as taste fruits and vegetables and organic acids, it has sweetness derived from koji. The bitterness of those containing polyphenols derived from raw materials is small.
- Vegetables, fruits, herbs, etc. used as safety ingredients are eaten daily, and yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and koji molds used for fermentation are all derived from food brews, pickles, etc. Therefore, it is rich in eating experience.
- the fermented plant used in the present invention has the following properties (a) to (f).
- This anti-aging agent containing plant fermented products as an active ingredient improves the survival rate of oxygen-sensitive nematodes and senescence-accelerated mice in a dose-dependent manner, as well as aging in the aging behavior, skin, eyes, and spine of mice. It shows the effect of delaying the onset of symptoms.
- Lactic acid bacteria P. acidilacti, L. brevis, L. mesenteroides, L. plantarum, L. lactis, L. sakei, L. casei
- Lactic acid bacteria P. acidilacti, L. brevis, L. mesenteroides, L. plantarum, L. lactis, L. sakei, L. casei
- Yeasts 5 species of S. cervisiae and 2 species of Z.
- rouxii have a bacterial concentration of about 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 cfu / g relative to the raw materials (900 kg) of (b), (e) and (f) above.
- the culture solution thus prepared was inoculated with 0.4% by mass and cultured at 30 ° C. for 50 hours.
- Beans and cereal-based raw materials (1000 kg) were inoculated with 0.1% by mass of koji fungi (yellow koji, black koji mold, white koji mold) and cultured at 35 ° C. for 70 hours. Subsequently, each culture was mixed and cultured at 30 ° C. for 200 hours.
- a solid-liquid separation operation was performed on the moromi that had been fermented, and the obtained filtrate was concentrated and pasted into a container and further fermented (ripened) for one year to obtain a plant fermented product.
- the plant fermented product obtained in Production Example 1 had the following properties.
- Lactic acid bacteria P. acidilacti, L. brevis, L. mesenteroides, L. plantarum, L. lactis, L. sakei, L. casei
- Lactic acid bacteria P. acidilacti, L. brevis, L. mesenteroides, L. plantarum, L. lactis, L. sakei, L. casei
- Yeasts 5 species of S. cervisiae and 2 species of Z.
- rouxii have a bacterial concentration of about 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 cfu / g relative to the raw materials (900 kg) of (b), (e) and (f) above.
- the culture solution thus prepared was inoculated with 0.4% by mass and cultured at 30 ° C. for 50 hours.
- Beans and cereal-based materials (500 kg) were inoculated with 0.1% by mass of koji molds (yellow koji mold, black koji mold, white koji mold) and cultured at 35 ° C. for 70 hours. Subsequently, each culture was mixed and cultured at 30 ° C. for 200 hours.
- a solid-liquid separation operation was performed on the moromi that had been fermented, and the obtained filtrate was concentrated and pasted into a container and further fermented (ripened) for one year to obtain a plant fermented product.
- the plant fermented product obtained in Production Example 2 had the following properties.
- Resveratrol (see Fig. 2) Resveratrol is contained in a total of 0.022 mg / g of the trans isomer and cis isomer (trans isomer 0.002 mg / g, cis isomer 0.02 mg / g).
- Detector UV (310nm) Column: Nomura Chemical ODS-MG-3 3 ⁇ 100mm Column temperature: 40 ° C Mobile phase: diluted phosphoric acid (1 ⁇ 500) / acetonitrile mixture (4: 1) Flow rate: 0.4mL / min (Measuring method) ⁇ NSK resveratrol (standard solution) One capsule (330 mg resveratrol equivalent to 3.3 mg) was dissolved in 70% methanol to make 100 mL. This solution was filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ m membrane filter, and the filtrate was used as a standard solution.
- Resveratrol contained in red wine is known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects or prolong the life of Drosophila. Since the fermented plant also showed aging inhibitory action and life extension action in SAM mice, its content was analyzed with an HPLC standard to confirm the presence or absence of resveratrol. As a result, the trans form was 0.002 mg / g, the cis form was 0.02 mg / g (the total amount of the trans form and the cis form was 0.022 mg / g). At this concentration, the aging inhibitory effect and the life extension effect could not be expected, and the aging inhibitory effect and the survival rate extending effect of this plant fermented product seemed to be derived from different substances.
- Test Example 1 Life-prolonging effect on nematodes The plant fermented product obtained in Production Example 1 was diluted with ion-exchanged water to make a 2% (w / w) solution, and sterilized by autoclaving at 121 degrees for 20 minutes.
- a nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans)
- an oxygen sensitive mutant (mev-1) was used as a nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans).
- mev-1 strain is likely to die if the oxygen concentration in the culture increases, and a survival curve shift depending on the oxygen concentration occurs.
- This mutant strain has been proven to be a succinate-ubiquinone dehydrogenase mutation derived from the cytochrome b560 mutation of complex II in the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
- the mev-1 mutant is a model experimental animal suitable for aging studies.
- the survival curve was performed according to the method of Ishii et al. (Non-Patent Document 16). In other words, a drop of culture medium shaken with tryptone broth of Escherichia coli K562 was added to a tryptone agar medium (TN medium) added to a 3.5 cm falcon plate with a Pasteur pipette and cultured overnight at 30 ° C. A 5mm E. coli mat is completed. Separately from the growth of mev-1 using E.
- coli grown on a TN agar medium in a 9 cm diameter Petri dish, the growth stage L4 was picked up and a total of 10 nematodes were placed on the E. coli mat on a 3.5 cm plate. Transplanted. Four 3.5 cm plates transplanted with nematodes were placed in an air tight bag and then replaced with 100% oxygen gas. The number of nematodes surviving with a stereomicroscope was recorded every day from the next day. After observation, the oxygen gas was substituted again in the same manner. As shown in Fig. 3, the obtained survival curve is shifted to a shorter life side than the maximum 80% oxygen saturation condition reported by Hirose and Ishii, and the experiment was conducted normally. It has been shown.
- Test example 2 The following tests were conducted on the aging-inhibiting effect, the survival rate-prolonging effect, and the mass-inhibiting effect of aging using aging-promoting model mice (SAM mice) for fermented plants.
- SAM mice SAM-P1 / SkuSlc, 10 weeks old, male
- the feed used was 500N solid feed sterilized by ⁇ -ray purchased from Sankyo Lab Service.
- SAM mice were individually raised in a SPF dedicated animal room using a medium-sized polycarbonate cage made of CLEA Japan with a sterilized flooring using a constant temperature / humidity facility of 23 ⁇ 2 ° C. and humidity of 50 ⁇ 10%. The lighting was turned off between 20:00 and 08:00.
- normal SAM-R1 / SkuSlc was reared in the same manner.
- the fermented plant product of Production Example 1 was diluted with ion-exchanged water to obtain 2% and 0.2% aqueous solutions, which were freely ingested as drinking water.
- the standard evaluation method described in the evaluation manual designated by the SAM Study Group was used, and the sheet specified by the SAM Study Group was used. Furthermore, although not included in the evaluation method of the SAM Study Group, we also measured the transition of survival rate and the size of the tumor that can be observed from the body surface.
- the aging index designated by the SAM Study Group is as follows. Behavious (2 items) 1. Reactivity (Grade 0-4) Exploratory behavior seen when the mouse is taken out of the cage 0: Movement shown by the young mouse 1: Walking on the tiptoe (chocolate) or excited state 2: Walking slowly (nosonoso) 3: It doesn't move, but it starts moving when the butt is picked. 4: It doesn't move at all. Passivity (Grade 0-4) Escape behavior when the mouse's neck is gently pressed from directly above 0: Movement shown by a young mouse. Powerfully and quickly. 1: How to escape is slow 2: Does not escape 3: Does not escape If you hold your neck and lie on your back, you will turn over.
- mice Observe the back of the abdomen because the hair is thin. Pregnant mice should have a clear baldness because their hair is thin.
- No hair loss 1 A; Bald is about the size of the head. B; The thin part of the hair is up to about half of the entire back. 2: A; Bald is less than 1/4 of the entire back B; Thin hair is more than 1/2 of the entire back 3: Bald is roughly 1/4 to less than 1/2 of the entire back 4: Bald is the entire back 1/2 or more Skin Ulcers (Grade 0-4) Includes white scars. Search the whole body. 0: None at all 1: Scars (white skin is thickened) and ulcers with crusts. The size does not matter. 2: An ulcer that was drooling red.
- Each mouse was evaluated once a week according to the above aging evaluation method of the SAM Study Group, and filled in a record sheet designated by the Study Group. Simultaneously, body weight measurement, water consumption (sample intake), and food intake were recorded. Although not included in the SAM Study Group's designated evaluation method, record survival and survival curves, and after 60 weeks of age, measure the major, minor, and height of lymphoma-like masses that frequently appear in the cervical region The tumor volume (mm 3 ) was recorded.
- Fig. 4 is the survival curve
- Fig. 5 is the Kaplan-Meier analysis of the survival rate
- Table 1 is a comparison table of the average days of survival of plant fermented products and CoQ10 and CoQ10 reduced type
- Table 2 is the average survival time
- Median longest growth period
- Fig. 6 Transition of overall aging score
- Fig. 7 Significant difference analysis of aging total score at 54 and 60 weeks of age
- Fig. 8 Comparison of spinal curvature at 54 and 60 weeks of age Show.
- FIG. 9 shows a comparison of changes in the volume of tumors that frequently occur when reared over 60 weeks of age.
- the 2% group of fermented plant products showed a delayed onset of aging compared to the 0.2% group, and the overall aging score was lower than the 0.2% group throughout.
- the 2% group of plant fermented products at all ages is lower than the 0.2% group in terms of the aging index overall score, and the 54% and 60th weeks tested for significant difference are both in the 2% group.
- the aging score was significantly lower at P ⁇ 0.05 of t-test (FIG. 7).
- mice are generally known to spontaneously develop tumors when they are over 60 weeks of age, and many are lymphomas.
- Test Example 2 at 70 weeks of age or older, the normal type (SAM-R1) and the aging-promoting type (SAM-P1) had a mass mainly in the neck of the neck, so the size was approximately short axis x long axis x height. The volume transition was measured (FIG. 9).
- mass since no cytodiagnosis for carcinoma was carried out, it was temporarily named “mass”.
- the changes in the size of the aging-promoted plant fermented product 2% group and the normal type of the tumor mass were similar, but in the aging-promoted plant fermented product 0.2% group, the tumor size was larger than these groups.
- the aging inhibitor of the present invention has an effect of suppressing the occurrence of aging symptoms associated with aging of animals and prolonging the survival rate.
- This anti-aging agent was the first to show significant prolongation of survival rate in a dose-dependent manner in addition to mammals, as well as to mammals and oxygen-sensitive nematodes with basic animal conditions. It can be used as a novel medicine or food that not only suppresses a wide range of aging symptoms but also prolongs the survival rate.
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Abstract
Description
(a)大麦、黒大豆、赤米、黒米、小豆、はと麦、ヒエ、アワおよびキビよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の豆・穀物類の麹菌発酵物
(b)ミカン、ブドウ、リンゴ、ヤマブドウ、モモ、カキ、パパイヤ、ナシ、スイカ、ウメ、イチジク、カリン、カボチャ、キンカン、ユズ、ビワ、アンズ、ナツメ、クリ、マタタビおよびスモモよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の果実類の酵母および/又は乳酸菌発酵物
(c)紫イモ、菊芋、ニンジン、タマネギ、サツマイモ、里芋、自然薯、大根、赤カブ、ゴボウ、レンコン、ヤーコン、ユリ根、クワイ、しょうが、にんにくおよびウコンよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の根菜類・イモ類の酵母および/又は乳酸菌発酵物
(d)キャベツ、紫蘇、桑葉、どくだみ、ヨモギ、クマザサおよびタンポポよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の花・葉菜類の酵母および/又は乳酸菌発酵物
(e)コンブ、ワカメおよびモズクよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の海藻類の酵母および/又は乳酸菌発酵物
(f)黒ゴマ、クルミおよびギンナンよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の種子類の酵母および/又は乳酸菌発酵物
(g)マイタケおよびシイタケよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種のキノコ類の酵母および/又は乳酸菌発酵物
の混合物である植物発酵物を有効成分として含有することを特徴とする老化抑制剤である。
(1)呈味性
果物、野菜等原料由来の甘味や有機酸に加え麹由来の甘味を有する。原料由来のポリフェノール類を含むものの苦味は少ない。
(2)水に対する溶解性
水に対して容易に溶解する。
(3)安定性
熱、酸に対して安定であり、ペーストは1年間室温保存しても腐敗や呈味性に変化はない。
(4)安全性
原料に用いた野菜、果物、ハーブ等は日常食しているものであり、また発酵に用いた酵母、乳酸菌、麹菌はいずれも食品の醸造や漬物等に由来する菌種を用いているため食経験が豊富である。
水分 15~35g
たんぱく質 5~20g
脂質 1~8g
灰分 1~5g
炭水化物 30~70g
ナトリウム 40~150mg
ビタミンB6 0.1~0.5mg
エネルギー 200~500kcal
アルギニン 0.2~0.6g
リジン 0.1~0.7g
ヒスチジン 0.1~0.4g
フェニルアラニン 0.2~0.8g
チロシン 0.1~0.6g
ロイシン 0.3~1.2g
イソロイシン 0.2~0.8g
メチオニン 0.05~0.3g
バリン 0.2~0.9g
アラニン 0.2~0.9g
グリシン 0.2~0.7g
プロリン 0.4~1.2g
グルタミン酸 1.2~3.0g
セリン 0.2~0.8g
スレオニン 0.2~0.7g
アスパラギン酸 0.4~1.5g
トリプトファン 0.03~0.15g
シスチン 0.05~0.40g
クエン酸 0.5~1.2g
リンゴ酸 0.05~0.5g
コハク酸 0.04~0.3g
乳酸 0.5~6.0g
ギ酸 0.01~0.1g
ピルビン酸 0.005~0.05g
遊離γ-アミノ酪酸 0.01~0.05g
リン 100~400mg
鉄 1~5mg
カルシウム 500~900mg
カリウム 600~1000mg
マグネシウム 70~120mg
亜鉛 0.8~1.6mg
ヨウ素 1.0~2.5mg
カフェ酸(Cafeic acid) 20~50
α-アミノ安息香酸(o-aminobenzoic acid) 10~25
フェルラ酸(ferulic acid) 40~70
p-クマル酸(p-cumaric acid) 15~40
ダイゼイン(daizein) 40~65
ゲニステイン(genistein) 65~90
グリシテイン(glycitein) 2~8
クェルセチン(quercetin) 3~12
ヘスペレチン(hesperetin) 200~300
ナリンゲニン(narigenin) 30~60
レスベラトロールのトランス体とシス体の含有量の合計が0.1mg/g以下である。
植物発酵物の製造(1):
以下の植物を原料として使用した。
(a)豆・穀類(大麦、黒大豆、赤米、黒米、小豆、はと麦、ヒエ、アワ、キビ)
(b)果実類(ミカン、ブドウ、リンゴ、ヤマブドウ、モモ、カキ、パパイヤ、ナシ、スイカ、ウメ、イチジク、カリン、カボチャ、キンカン、ユズ、ビワ、アンズ、ナツメ、クリ、マタタビ、スモモ)
(c)根菜類(紫イモ、菊芋、ニンジン、タマネギ、サツマイモ、里芋、自然薯、大根、赤カブ、ゴボウ、レンコン、ヤーコン、ユリ根、クワイ、しょうが、にんにく、ウコン)
(d)花・葉菜類(キャベツ、紫蘇、桑葉、どくだみ、ヨモギ、クマザサ、タンポポ)
(e)海草類(コンブ、ワカメ、モズク)
(f)種子類(黒ゴマ、クルミ、ギンナン)
(g)キノコ類(マイタケ、シイタケ)
(ア)一般分析値(100g当たり)
水分 25.2g
たんぱく質 11.8g
脂質 3.6g
灰分 2.1g
炭水化物 57.3g
ナトリウム 54.0mg
ビタミンB6 0.20mg
エネルギー 309kcal
試料を6規定塩酸で加水分解したものをアミノ酸自動分析計によって分析した。シスチンについては過蟻酸酸化処理後、塩酸加水分解を用いた。トリプトファンは高速液体クロマト法を用いた。
アルギニン 0.33g
リジン 0.34g
ヒスチジン 0.22g
フェニルアラニン 0.51g
チロシン 0.32g
ロイシン 0.74g
イソロイシン 0.42g
メチオニン 0.13g
バリン 0.54g
アラニン 0.48g
グリシン 0.42g
プロリン 0.92g
グルタミン酸 2.25g
セリン 0.4g
スレオニン 0.36g
アスパラギン酸 0.84g
トリプトファン 0.06g
シスチン 0.15g
クエン酸 0.81g
リンゴ酸 0.31g
コハク酸 0.12g
乳酸 1.17g
ギ酸 0.03g
ピルビン酸 0.01g
遊離γ-アミノ酪酸 24mg
リン 262mg
鉄 2.65mg
カルシウム 72.1mg
カリウム 798mg
マグネシウム 97.8mg
亜鉛 1.19mg
ヨウ素 1.7mg
植物発酵物の製造(2):
以下の植物を原料として使用した。
(a)豆・穀類(大麦、黒大豆、赤米、黒米、小豆、はと麦、ヒエ、アワ、キビ)
(b)果実類(ミカン、ブドウ、リンゴ、ヤマブドウ、モモ、カキ、パパイヤ、ナシ、スイカ、ウメ、イチジク、カリン、カボチャ、キンカン、ユズ、ビワ、アンズ、ナツメ、クリ、マタタビ、スモモ)
(c)根菜類(紫イモ、菊芋、ニンジン、タマネギ、サツマイモ、里芋、自然薯、大根、赤カブ、ゴボウ、レンコン、ヤーコン、ユリ根、クワイ、しょうが、にんにく、ウコン)
(d)花・葉菜類(キャベツ、紫蘇、桑葉、どくだみ、ヨモギ、クマザサ、タンポポ)
(e)海草類(コンブ、ワカメ、モズク)
(f)種子類(黒ゴマ、クルミ、ギンナン)
(g)キノコ類(マイタケ、シイタケ)
(ア)一般分析値(100g当たり)
水分 31.7g
たんぱく質 14.6g
脂質 5.3g
灰分 2.8g
炭水化物 40.4g
ナトリウム 59.6mg
ビタミンB6 0.24mg
エネルギー 278kcal
試料を6規定塩酸で加水分解したものをアミノ酸自動分析計によって分析した。シスチンについては過蟻酸酸化処理後、塩酸加水分解を用いた。トリプトファンは高速液体クロマト法を用いた。
アルギニン 0.46g
リジン 0.51g
ヒスチジン 0.28g
フェニルアラニン 0.63g
チロシン 0.43g
ロイシン 0.97g
イソロイシン 0.58g
メチオニン 0.16g
バリン 0.72g
アラニン 0.67g
グリシン 0.55g
プロリン 0.98g
グルタミン酸 2.65g
セリン 0.59g
スレオニン 0.51g
アスパラギン酸 1.26g
トリプトファン 0.10g
シスチン 0.18g
クエン酸 0.40g
リンゴ酸 0.10g
コハク酸 0.08g
乳酸 4.17g
ギ酸 0.02g
ピルビン酸 0.02g
遊離γ-アミノ酪酸 31mg
カフェ酸(Cafeic acid) 36.9
α-アミノ安息香酸(o-aminobenzoic acid) 17.0
フェルラ酸(ferulic acid) 54.2
p-クマル酸(p-cumaric acid) 28.2
ダイゼイン(daizein) 53.8
ゲニステイン(genistein) 79.8
グリシテイン(glycitein) 4.6
クェルセチン(quercetin) 7.8
ヘスペレチン(hesperetin) 265.7
ナリンゲニン(narigenin) 42.5
(HPLC条件)
カラム:MCM(4.6x250mm;5μm)
カラム温度:35℃
移動相:移動相A:100mM リン酸ナトリウム、5%メタノール
移動相B:100mM リン酸ナトリウム、60%アセトニトリル、10%メ
タノール
グラジエント条件:移動相Bの直線グラジエントを0-45分、0~6%、
移動相Bの直線グラジエントを6%~14%、45~60分、
移動相Bの直線グラジエントを14%~30%、60~90分
移動相Bの直線グラジエントを30%~40%、90~120分、
移動相Bの直線グラジエントを40%~77%、120~140分、
移動相Bのイソクタティックを85%まで、100分
流量:1.0ml/min
検出器:CoulArray, Model 5600A
(測定方法)
検体約80mgを正確に量りとり、内部標準液(17-α-エストラジオール100μg/mL)を100μL添加し、90%メタノール溶液を5mL加え、10分間振とうした後、35℃で30分間超音波抽出を行った。抽出後、遠心器(3000rpm, 10分)にて遠心分離後、上清を分取し窒素気流下にて濃縮後、0.1M酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液にて2mLに定容した。その溶液1mLにβ-グリコシダーゼ系酵素10mgを添加し、43℃で2時間酵素処理を行った。酵素処理後の溶液にメタノール500μL添加し、0.45μmフィルターでろ過した液を試験溶液とした。
レスベラトロールをトランス体とシス体の合計で0.022mg/g含有する(トランス体0.002mg/g、シス体0.02mg/g)。
検出器:UV(310nm)
カラム:野村化学 ODS-MG-3 3×100mm
カラム温度:40℃
移動相:薄めたリン酸(1→500)/アセトニトリル混液(4:1)
流量:0.4mL/min
(測定方法)
・NSKレスベラトロール(標準溶液)
1カプセル(330mg レスベラトロール 3.3mg相当)を70%メタノールで溶解し、100mLとした。この液を0.45μmのメンブランフィルターにてろ過し、ろ液を標準溶液とした。
・試料
約1gを水30mLにて溶解し、酢酸エチル20mLを加え、混合し、上澄み液を分取し減圧濃縮を行った。残留物に70%メタノール5mLを加えた。この液を0.45μmのメンブランフィルターにてろ過し、ろ液を試料溶液とした。
製造例1で得られた植物発酵物をイオン交換水で希釈し、2%(w/w)溶液を作り、オートクレーブによって121度、20分間滅菌した。線虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)として、酸素感受性変異株(mev-1)を用いた。mev-1株は培養中の酸素濃度が増加すると死亡しやすくなり、酸素濃度に依存した生存曲線のシフトが起こる。この変異株はミトコンドリアの呼吸鎖の中の複合体IIのシトクロームb560変異に由来するコハク酸―ユビキノン脱水素酵素の変異であることが証明されていて、長期間培養して老化した線虫は体内に空洞が観察され、さらには老化に伴うリポフスチンが蓄積することが証明されている。このようにmev-1変異株は、老化研究に適したモデル実験動物である。生存曲線は石井らの方法(非特許文献16)に準じて行った。すなわち、大腸菌K562株のトリプトン・ブロスで振盪培養した培養液を3.5cmファルコンプレートに加えたトリプトン寒天培地(TN培地)にパスツール・ピペットで1滴添加し、30℃で1晩培養すると、直径5mm程度の大腸菌のマットが出来上がる。別途直径9cmのペトリ皿のTN寒天培地に生育させた大腸菌を餌としてmev-1を生育させたものから、生育ステージL4を釣上げて、3.5cmプレート上の大腸菌マットに合計10匹の線虫を移植した。線虫を移植した4枚の3.5cmプレートをエアタイトバックに入れてから、酸素ガスで100%置換した。翌日から毎日実体顕微鏡で生存している線虫の数を記録した。観察後、再度酸素ガスで同様に置換した。図3に示すように、得られた生存曲線は、簗瀬・石井の報告している最大80%酸素飽和の条件下よりさらに短寿命側にシフトしていて、実験は正常に行われていることが示された。酸素100%雰囲気における本酸素感受性変異株の寿命は、文献(非特許文献16)に報告されている簗瀬・石井のグラフと比較してみると、50%生存率を示す培養日数(日齢)は、石井らの80%酸素雰囲気下(約10日)よりさらに短縮し、約3日であった。コントロールの水群に比べて2%植物発酵物群は生存率約50%の付近で延命効果が見られた。t-検定を行ったところP=0.025で有意であった。mev-1変異株はミトコンドリアの呼吸鎖に欠陥があることが分かっているので、活性酸素に毒性が関与していることが強く示唆される。
植物発酵物についての老化促進モデルマウス(SAMマウス)を用いた加齢に伴う老化抑制効果および生存率の延長効果、および腫瘤の発生抑制効果は以下のように試験を実施した。SAMマウス(SAM-P1/SkuSlc、10週齢、雄)はSAM研究会指定のブリーダーである日本エスエルシー株式会社が生産したものを購入した。餌は三協ラボサービス社から購入したγ線滅菌した固形飼料500Nを用いた。SAMマウスは、SPF専用動物室において、23±2℃、湿度50±10%の恒温・恒湿設備を用い、滅菌床敷きを敷いた日本クレア製の中型ポリカーボネート製使用ケージにて個別飼育した。照明は20:00~08:00の間消灯した。また腫瘤形成の比較のため、正常型のSAM-R1/SkuSlcについても同様に飼育した。
Behavious(2項目)
1.Reactivity(Grade 0-4)
マウスをケージの外に出した時に見られる探索行動
0:若齢マウスが示す動き
1:爪先立ち歩き(チョコチョコ歩き)もしくは興奮状態
2:ゆっくり歩く(ノソノソ歩く)
3:動かないがお尻をつつくと動き出す
4:全く動かない
2.Passivity(Grade 0-4)
マウスの首を真上からそっと押さえたときの逃避行動
0:若齢マウスが示す動き。力強くスッとにげる。
1:逃げ方が遅い
2:逃げない
3:逃げない。首をつかんで仰向けにすると寝返る
4:前肢、後肢をつかんでももがかない。
Gross Appearances(9項目)
Skin and Hair(4項目)
3.Glossiness(Grade 0-4)
毛のつや
0:真っ白でピカピカ(若齢マウスが示す毛つや)
1:0と1の間
2:はっきりと艶が無くなっているが、汚れてはいない。
3:2と4の間
4:非常に汚れきった状態
4.Coarseness(Grade0-4)
指先で被毛をなぜたときに感ずるゴワゴワした感触
面積で判断する。小さな潰瘍、皮膚炎がある場合がある
0:毛玉なし。スベスベ、ツルツル
1:頭、顔面あたりにあり
2:肩のあたりまで広がっている。
3:背中のあたりまで広がっている。
4:背中を越えて尻尾のあたりまで。
5.Loss of Hair (Grade 0-4)
被毛が薄くなった状態もしくはハゲている状態。腹部は毛が薄いので
背部で観察する。妊娠マウスは毛が薄くなるので明らかなハゲを見た
方がよい。
0:全く毛のロスが無い
1:A; ハゲが頭部程度の大きさ。
B; 毛の薄い部分が背部全体の約半分まで。
2:A; ハゲが背部全体の1/4以下
B; 毛の薄い部分が背部全体の1/2以上
3:ハゲが背部全体の大体1/4以上1/2以下
4:ハゲが背部全体の1/2以上
6.Skin Ulcers (Grade 0-4)
白い瘢痕も含む。身体全体を検索する。
0:全くなし
1:瘢痕(皮膚が白く肥厚している)や痂皮を伴う潰瘍。大きさは
問わない。
2:ズルズルに赤くただれた潰瘍。大体頭部の面積程度以下。
3:ズルズルに赤くただれた潰瘍。大体頭部の面積程度以上で背部
の面積の1/2程度以下。
4:ズルズルに赤くただれた潰瘍。大体背部の面積の1/2程度以上
。
Eyes (4項目)
左右別々に評価する。Total Scoreにはそのまま加算する。必要に応じて1
/2の係数をつけたり、評価しやすい項目のみを採用することも可能。角膜
病変や白内障の観察には、直接ペンライトを用いる。
7.Periophthalmic Lesions(Grade 0-3)
0:変化無。眼はパッチリ。
1:瞼が晴れて眼が閉じている。もしくは眼の周囲のみが爛れてい
る。
2:目の周囲の爛れが鼻先まで広がっている。
眼は大丈夫で鼻先だけの潰瘍のあるので注意。
3:顔全体に爛れが広がった状態
8.CorenealOpacity(Grade 0-3)
角膜の混濁。角膜が白く濁っているが表面はツルツル。
冷蔵庫に入れて白くなった“くずまんじゅう”のような状態。
0:病変なし
1:虹彩は見える
2:虹彩は見えないが網膜からの反射(黄金色―オレンジ色)はみ
える
3:反射光なし。
9.Ulcers of Cornea (Grade 0-3)
角膜は白濁し、表面はザラザラしている。
0:病変なし
1:眼裂部に一致するところに線状の白濁あり。
2:1と3の間。周囲から反射光あり。
3:殆ど角膜全体に広がり網膜の反射光が見られない。
10.Cataract(Grade 0-2)
白内障。白濁は透明な角膜を通して底の方に白く映る。側方から見
ると、角膜が透明なことがわかる。
0:白濁なし。網膜反射光は正常
1:反射光やや減弱。
2:全く反射無し。(黄金―オレンジ色が観察されない)
Spine(1項目)
11.Lordokyphosis(Grade 0-3)
撫でると首の所でひっかかる。
マウスの姿勢を首が伸びるようにする。
0:ひっかかりが無い。
1:優しく撫でるとひっかかるが、強くするとひっかからなくなる
。
2:強く撫でてもひっかかる。尻尾を引っ張って背筋を伸ばすとひ
っかからなくなる。
3:どうしてもひっかかる。
Total Score
すべてを単純に加算し、マウス個体の老化度評点とする。眼瞼が閉じてい
る場合、生理食塩水を注射器にとり、眼を洗浄すると開眼できるがやや侵
襲が強くなる。角膜病変が強く白内障が観察できない場合、厳密にはその
マウスは省かねばならない。
Claims (9)
- 次の(a)ないし(g)
(a)大麦、黒大豆、赤米、黒米、小豆、はと麦、ヒエ、アワおよびキビよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の豆・穀物類の麹菌発酵物
(b)ミカン、ブドウ、リンゴ、ヤマブドウ、モモ、カキ、パパイヤ、ナシ、スイカ、ウメ、イチジク、カリン、カボチャ、キンカン、ユズ、ビワ、アンズ、ナツメ、クリ、マタタビおよびスモモよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の果実類の酵母および/又は乳酸菌発酵物
(c)紫イモ、菊芋、ニンジン、タマネギ、サツマイモ、里芋、自然薯、大根、赤カブ、ゴボウ、レンコン、ヤーコン、ユリ根、クワイ、しょうが、にんにくおよびウコンよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の根菜類・イモ類の酵母および/又は乳酸菌発酵物
(d)キャベツ、紫蘇、桑葉、どくだみ、ヨモギ、クマザサおよびタンポポよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の花・葉菜類の酵母および/又は乳酸菌発酵物
(e)コンブ、ワカメおよびモズクよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の海藻類の酵母および/又は乳酸菌発酵物
(f)黒ゴマ、クルミおよびギンナンよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の種子類の酵母および/又は乳酸菌発酵物
(g)マイタケおよびシイタケよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種のキノコ類の酵母および/又は乳酸菌発酵物
の混合物である植物発酵物を有効成分として含有することを特徴とする老化抑制剤。 - 植物発酵物が、植物発酵物100g当たり以下の組成のアミノ酸を含有するものである請求項1に記載の老化抑制剤。
アルギニン 0.2~0.6g
リジン 0.1~0.7g
ヒスチジン 0.1~0.4g
フェニルアラニン 0.2~0.8g
チロシン 0.1~0.6g
ロイシン 0.3~1.2g
イソロイシン 0.2~0.8g
メチオニン 0.05~0.30g
バリン 0.2~0.9g
アラニン 0.2~0.9g
グリシン 0.2~0.7g
プロリン 0.4~1.2g
グルタミン酸 1.2~3.0g
セリン 0.2~0.8g
スレオニン 0.2~0.7g
アスパラギン酸 0.4~1.5g
トリプトファン 0.03~0.15g
シスチン 0.05~0.40g - 植物発酵物が、植物発酵物100g当たり以下の組成の有機酸を含有するものである請求項1又は2に記載の老化抑制剤。
クエン酸 0.5~1.2g
リンゴ酸 0.05~0.5g
コハク酸 0.04~0.3g
乳酸 0.5~6.0g
ギ酸 0.01~0.1g
ピルビン酸 0.005~0.05g
遊離γ-アミノ酪酸 0.01~0.05g - 植物発酵物が、植物発酵物1g当たり以下の組成のポリフェノールを含有するものである請求項1~3のいずれかの項記載の老化抑制剤。
カフェ酸(Cafeic acid) 20~50μg
α-アミノ安息香酸(o-aminobenzoic acid) 10~25μg
フェルラ酸(ferulic acid) 40~70μg
p-クマル酸(p-cumaric acid) 15~40μg
ダイゼイン(daizein) 40~65μg
ゲニステイン(genistein) 65~90μg
グリシテイン(glycitein) 2~8μg
クェルセチン(quercetin) 3~12μg
ヘスペレチン(hesperetin) 200~300μg
ナリンゲニン(narigenin) 30~60μg - 乳酸菌が、ぺディオコッカス・アシディラクティ(P.acidilacti)、ラクトバチルス・ブレビス(L. brevis)、ロイコノストック・メセンテロイデス(L. mesenteroides)、ラクトバチルス・プランタラム(L. plantarum)、ラクトコッカス・ラクチス(L. lactis)、ラクトバチルス・サケイ(L. sakei)、ペディオコッカス・ペントサセウス(P. pentosaceus)、ラクトバチルス・カゼイ(L. casei)およびラクトバチルス・クルバタス(L. curvatus)よりなる群から選ばれた1種または2種以上である請求項1~4のいずれかの項記載の老化抑制剤。
- 酵母が、サッカロマイセス・セレビシエ(S. cervisiae)および/又はジゴサッカロマイセス・ロキシー(Z. rouxii)である請求項1~5のいずれかの項記載の老化抑制剤。
- 請求項1~6のいずれかの項記載の老化抑制剤を含有する飲食品。
- 医薬品である請求項1~6のいずれかの項記載の老化抑制剤。
- 次の(a)ないし(g)
(a)大麦、黒大豆、赤米、黒米、小豆、はと麦、ヒエ、アワおよびキビよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の豆・穀物類の麹菌発酵物
(b)ミカン、ブドウ、リンゴ、ヤマブドウ、モモ、カキ、パパイヤ、ナシ、スイカ、ウメ、イチジク、カリン、カボチャ、キンカン、ユズ、ビワ、アンズ、ナツメ、クリ、マタタビおよびスモモよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の果実類の酵母および/又は乳酸菌発酵物
(c)紫イモ、菊芋、ニンジン、タマネギ、サツマイモ、里芋、自然薯、大根、赤カブ、ゴボウ、レンコン、ヤーコン、ユリ根、クワイ、しょうが、にんにくおよびウコンよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の根菜類・イモ類の酵母および/又は乳酸菌発酵物
(d)キャベツ、紫蘇、桑葉、どくだみ、ヨモギ、クマザサおよびタンポポよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の花・葉菜類の酵母および/又は乳酸菌発酵物
(e)コンブ、ワカメおよびモズクよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の海藻類の酵母および/又は乳酸菌発酵物
(f)黒ゴマ、クルミおよびギンナンよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の種子類の酵母および/又は乳酸菌発酵物
(g)マイタケおよびシイタケよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種のキノコ類の酵母および/又は乳酸菌発酵物
の混合物である植物発酵物を有効成分として含有することを特徴とする寿命延長剤。
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP15868543.8A EP3231437B1 (en) | 2014-12-09 | 2015-12-01 | Aging inhibitor |
| CN201580067409.8A CN106999521A (zh) | 2014-12-09 | 2015-12-01 | 老化抑制剂 |
| JP2016547622A JP6013670B1 (ja) | 2014-12-09 | 2015-12-01 | 老化抑制剤 |
| US15/534,319 US10226441B2 (en) | 2014-12-09 | 2015-12-01 | Aging inhibitor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014-248884 | 2014-12-09 | ||
| JP2014248884 | 2014-12-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2016093104A1 true WO2016093104A1 (ja) | 2016-06-16 |
Family
ID=56107293
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2015/083686 Ceased WO2016093104A1 (ja) | 2014-12-09 | 2015-12-01 | 老化抑制剤 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10226441B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3231437B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6013670B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN106999521A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2016093104A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106999521A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
| JPWO2016093104A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
| US10226441B2 (en) | 2019-03-12 |
| EP3231437A4 (en) | 2018-01-17 |
| EP3231437A1 (en) | 2017-10-18 |
| US20170360733A1 (en) | 2017-12-21 |
| JP6013670B1 (ja) | 2016-10-25 |
| EP3231437B1 (en) | 2020-02-05 |
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