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WO2016092578A1 - Dispositif de production d'hydrogène - Google Patents

Dispositif de production d'hydrogène Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016092578A1
WO2016092578A1 PCT/IT2015/000298 IT2015000298W WO2016092578A1 WO 2016092578 A1 WO2016092578 A1 WO 2016092578A1 IT 2015000298 W IT2015000298 W IT 2015000298W WO 2016092578 A1 WO2016092578 A1 WO 2016092578A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
manifold
layer
liquid mixture
pipes
hydrogen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IT2015/000298
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Vito Lavanga
Stefano FARNE'
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2016092578A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016092578A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/16—Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/002—Shape, form of a fuel cell
    • H01M8/004—Cylindrical, tubular or wound
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a device to extract, to produce and to convert into electric energy the hydrogen dissolved in a liquid mixture.
  • the object of this invention is to propose a device in accordance with claim 1 , to extract, to produce and to convert into electric energy the hydrogen dissolved in a liquid mixture.
  • Said device is of the type able to produce hydrogen through the use of bacteria and it is characterized in that it includes:
  • a second layer including a proton exchange membrane (PEM - Proton Exchange Membrane), said membrane having characteristics of solidity and water-tightness sufficient to ensure the containment of said liquid mixture;
  • PEM proton exchange membrane
  • FIG. 1 shows a device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a variant of the device according to the invention, to take the extracted hydrogen.
  • Said device (A) is a fuel cell which is fitted to produce electric energy.
  • said device (A) comprises a first manifold (1) and a second manifold (2) connected between them by a plurality of pipes (3), whose structure will be specified later on.
  • the first manifold (1) is preferably made of conductive material, since it will have to conduct electricity, as it will be specified in what follows.
  • the aqueous fluid in treatment represented by the arrow (F1), runs into the first manifold (1) through a first pipe (4) and passing through the pipes (3), runs into the second manifold (2), from which it exits through a second pipe (5), the outlet flow being represented by the arrow (F2).
  • said second pipe (5) extends in depth into the second manifold (2), realizing an attitude of reverse return.
  • each of said pipes (3) are preferably present means fitted to spread a radiative spectrum including frequencies that are useful to the treatment of the aqueous fluid.
  • Said means include, for example, a device (6) that makes use of side emitting optical fibers conforms to Italian patent application no. MI2014A002102 in the name of the same applicants.
  • Said optical fibers device (6) is able to broadcast frequencies, possibly taken from solar radiation, able to favour the biological reactions (red and of blue frequencies and InfraRed) and to fight the proliferation of bacteria and harmful viruses (UV frequencies).
  • the device (6) includes a diffuser (6a), made with side emitting optical fibers, that broadcast the radiation into the fluid in treatment and a part (6b), consisting of point-to-point optical fibers, which leads the signal from the generator to said diffuser (6a).
  • said wall (3a) includes:
  • a second layer including a proton exchange membrane (PEM - Proton Exchange Membrane), said membrane (32) having characteristics of solidity and water-tightness sufficient to ensure the containment of the fluid;
  • PEM - Proton Exchange Membrane proton exchange membrane
  • the device (A) has two modes of operation.
  • the device (A) operates as a hydrogen (produced by bacteria) generator and as a hydrogen (obtained by electrolysis from the aqueous fluid in treatment) puller.
  • the device (A) only works as hydrogen (obtained by electrolysis from aqueous fluid in treatment) puller. In this case it is not necessary the presence of the optical fiber devices (6).
  • the bacteria present in the first layer (31) are stressed to the hydrogen release by the radiation coming from the diffusers (6a) placed inside the pipes (3).
  • the dissolved hydrogen oxidizes giving electrons to the first metal layer (31), which therefore is negatively charged and constitutes the anode of a fuel cell (A).
  • the residual protons spread through the membrane PEM, which constitutes the second layer (32), and recombine outside with the oxygen of the air that will be reduced on the cathode that is constituted by the outside third metallic layer (33).
  • the inner metallic layers (31) are electrically connected with the first and the second manifold (1 , 2), made of metal, while the external layers (33), made of metal too, are connected one each other by the metal bar (8).
  • the described electrical connections it will be possible to obtain a potential difference between the terminals (7) and (9), from which it will be possible to take a direct current.
  • the hydrogen content in the treated fluid it is reduced, said reduction being as greater than greater is the permanence time in the device (A).
  • the treatment can be repeated several times. This can be obtained by taking the fluid to be treated by means of taking and release, both targeted (through specific positioning of submersible pumps) and its delivery to the pipes (3).
  • the substrate, depleted of hydrogen then returns in the body of origin from which it is enriched again by the dilution of the original substrate and it is recycled, until the substrate reaches a preset load of hydrogen.
  • a variant (B) of the invention being fitted to produce molecular hydrogen.
  • Said purpose is simply achieved by inserting the device (A) into a container (40), so as to avoid the contact with the air.
  • the protons, that spread through the membrane PEM, which constitutes the second layers (32) of the walls of the pipes (3) does not react with the oxygen and then will be reduced to diatomic hydrogen, which will be able to be taken through an outlet pipe (41).
  • the described reaction is made possible by closing the circuit between the terminals (7) and (9).
  • the device according to the variant (B) can operate in reverse state, that is by applying suitable potential, it is stressed the specific permanent bacterial consortium, present on the first inner layer (31), to release hydrogen that is oxidized by the effect of said electrical potential, producing protons, which diffuse through the PEM of the second intermediate layer (32) and that, on the third external layer (33), will be reduced to diatomic hydrogen, said reduction reaction occurring in the absence of oxygen.
  • the device (B) will be able to operate as an electrolytic cell, producing gaseous hydrogen on the cathode, that is in correspondence of the third outer layers (33). This is achieved by applying a potential difference to terminals (7) and (9) that causes a passage of direct current into the organic matrix in treatment inside the device (B).

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif permettant d'extraire, de produire et de convertir en énergie électrique l'hydrogène dissous dans un mélange liquide. Ledit dispositif (A, B) est du type à pouvoir produire de l'hydrogène à l'aide de bactéries et il est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend : • un premier collecteur (1), dans lequel est amené un écoulement (F1) dudit mélange liquide; • un second collecteur (2), à partir duquel sort un écoulement (F2) dudit mélange liquide; • un ou plusieurs tuyaux (3) conçus pour raccorder hydrauliquement lesdits premier (1) et second (2) collecteurs, de sorte que ledit mélange liquide s'écoule depuis ledit premier collecteur (1) vers ledit second collecteur (2); les parois (3a) dudit ou desdits tuyaux (3) comprenant : • une première couche (31), constituée d'un matériau métallique, conçue pour recevoir les communautés de bactéries, ladite première couche (31) étant raccordée électriquement à une première borne (7), qui constitue l'anode dudit dispositif (A, B); • une deuxième couche (32), comprenant une membrane échangeuse de protons (PEM), ladite membrane (32) ayant des caractéristiques de solidité et d'étanchéité à l'eau adéquates pour assurer le confinement dudit mélange liquide; • une troisième couche (33), constituée d'un matériau métallique, raccordée électriquement à une seconde borne (9) qui constitue la cathode dudit dispositif (A, B); l'hydrogène dissous oxydant et donnant des électrons à ladite première couche métallique (31), qui est chargée négativement, et le reste des protons se diffusant à travers ladite membrane PEM, qui constitue ladite deuxième couche (32) et s'étendant vers l'extérieur desdits tuyaux (3).
PCT/IT2015/000298 2014-12-09 2015-12-09 Dispositif de production d'hydrogène Ceased WO2016092578A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI2014A002102 2014-12-09
ITMI20142102 2014-12-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016092578A1 true WO2016092578A1 (fr) 2016-06-16

Family

ID=53794376

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IT2015/000298 Ceased WO2016092578A1 (fr) 2014-12-09 2015-12-09 Dispositif de production d'hydrogène

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2016092578A1 (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1742288A1 (fr) * 2005-07-08 2007-01-10 Universiteit Gent Piles à combustible microbienne pour l'oxidation de donneurs d'électrons
EP1939968A1 (fr) * 2005-09-28 2008-07-02 Ebara Corporation Installation de production d'energie biologique, procede pour traiter des dechets contenant des contaminants organiques solides, procede pour traiter des dechets liquides contenant des substances organiques a haut poids moleculaire, procede pour traiter des dechets liquides contenant des substances organiques en utilisant
US20080213632A1 (en) * 2007-02-10 2008-09-04 Noguera Daniel R Light-powered microbial fuel cells
US20100190039A1 (en) * 2007-04-17 2010-07-29 Plant-E-Knowledge B.V. Device and method for converting light energy into electrical energy
US20120082868A1 (en) * 2010-10-01 2012-04-05 University Of Southern California Floating Microbial Fuel Cells
US20130256149A1 (en) * 2012-03-28 2013-10-03 Arizona Science And Technology Enterprises Llc Microbial electrolysis cells and methods for the production of chemical products

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1742288A1 (fr) * 2005-07-08 2007-01-10 Universiteit Gent Piles à combustible microbienne pour l'oxidation de donneurs d'électrons
EP1939968A1 (fr) * 2005-09-28 2008-07-02 Ebara Corporation Installation de production d'energie biologique, procede pour traiter des dechets contenant des contaminants organiques solides, procede pour traiter des dechets liquides contenant des substances organiques a haut poids moleculaire, procede pour traiter des dechets liquides contenant des substances organiques en utilisant
US20080213632A1 (en) * 2007-02-10 2008-09-04 Noguera Daniel R Light-powered microbial fuel cells
US20100190039A1 (en) * 2007-04-17 2010-07-29 Plant-E-Knowledge B.V. Device and method for converting light energy into electrical energy
US20120082868A1 (en) * 2010-10-01 2012-04-05 University Of Southern California Floating Microbial Fuel Cells
US20130256149A1 (en) * 2012-03-28 2013-10-03 Arizona Science And Technology Enterprises Llc Microbial electrolysis cells and methods for the production of chemical products

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