WO2016083349A1 - Device for extracting liquid from a substance, especially from oleaginous grains - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an extraction device comprising an extraction body (14) having a cylinder (30) and a compression piston (32) movable in the cylinder (30), the cylinder (30) and the piston (32) together defining a chamber (34) for receiving the substance, and the cylinder (30) comprising at least one liquid outflow opening ending in said receiving chamber (34). The cylinder (30) extends in a compression direction (C), and the compression piston (32) is arranged such that it slides freely along said compression direction (C) in said cylinder (30).

Description

 Device for extracting liquid from a substance, especially from oilseeds

The present invention relates to a device for extracting liquid from a substance. In particular, such a device is intended for the extraction of oil from at least one oleaginous seed.

 Such an extraction device is in particular used to measure the ease of extraction (extractability) of the oil from a seed or any other plant tissue (fruit, leaf, root, stem, etc.), and / or or for the study of this oil, in particular for the purpose of comparing the quality of different oils and / or the amount of extractable oil for given fabrics.

 Alternatively, the extraction device can be used to extract a liquid from any compressible substance, including plant tissues (fruit, leaf, root, stem, etc.), animal tissues (meat, offal, etc.), industrial products derived from natural substances, soil samples, in the cosmetic field, in the food industry, or any other substance that can be envisaged.

 Already known in the state of the art, an extraction device comprising an extraction member for extracting a liquid from a substance, in particular by compressing the substance. For this purpose, the extraction member comprises a cylinder and a mobile compression piston in the cylinder. The cylinder and the piston together define a receiving chamber of the substance to be compressed. The cylinder comprises at least one liquid discharge orifice opening into said receiving chamber, through which the liquid resulting from the compression of the substance is collected.

 This extraction device also includes a vertical pressing system, driving the piston into the cylinder to compress the substance.

 Such an extraction device is effective only to compress at least three grams of substance. Thus, in the context of the study of oilseeds, it is necessary to work on plant populations to have enough seeds to compress. In other words, this extraction device can not extract oil from the seeds of a single plant.

 Furthermore, in this extraction device, the vertical pressing tends to cause upward oil in the set of compressed seeds, so that the compression and extraction of oil are difficult to reproduce.

The present invention is intended in particular to remedy these drawbacks, by providing an extraction device capable, on the one hand, of compressing a small quantity of substance, in particular of the order of a few milligrams of substance, and on the other hand having a good reliability of the extraction of the oil.

 For this purpose, the subject of the invention is an organ for extracting liquid from a substance, in particular since at least one oleaginous seed, comprising a cylinder and a mobile compression piston in the cylinder, the cylinder and the piston delimiting together a substance receiving chamber, and the cylinder comprising at least one liquid discharge opening opening into said receiving chamber, characterized in that the cylinder extends along a compression direction, and the compression piston is arranged in free sliding along this direction of compression in the cylinder.

 This extraction member is intended to equip an extraction device comprising a rotor, for example a rotor of conventional type.

 The piston being free sliding, it moves in the cylinder under the effect of a centrifugal force, directly proportional to the square of the speed of rotation of the rotor. It should be noted that the pressure applied to the substance being proportional to the square of the speed of rotation of the rotor, it is easily reproducible.

 Furthermore, the extracted liquid is directly discharged through the discharge orifice under the effect of this same centrifugal force, so that it can be harvested efficiently, without any risk of rising in the compressed component.

 Finally, because of its effectiveness, this extraction device can be used on small amounts of seeds, in particular of the order of a few milligrams, for example 50 mg.

 The extraction device according to the invention is also simple and quick to implement.

 An extraction device according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the following features, taken alone or in any technically feasible combination.

 - The extraction member comprises a weight ballast, intended to cooperate with the piston, in particular under the effect of a centrifugal force.

 - The ballast mass has a hollow cylindrical general shape, of transverse dimensions greater than those of the cylinder, the ballast mass being arranged at least partially around the cylinder.

- The extraction member comprises a body extending in a main direction, the cylinder being carried by the body, and said body being adapted to be secured to a rotor. - The body has a discharge circuit, communicating with the discharge port, and extending to a receiving location of a liquid recovery cartridge.

 - The extraction member comprises non-return means arranged in the evacuation circuit, intended to prevent a return of liquid from the evacuation circuit to the chamber.

 - The extraction member comprises a balancing cartridge carried by the body transversely facing the recovery cartridge.

 - The body has a foot, extending in the main direction, adapted to rest on a support wall.

 - The reception area is located in the foot of the body.

 - The cylinder is fixed to the body by removable fastening means.

 - The extraction member comprises filtering means, arranged between the chamber and the discharge port, comprising a disk arranged in the cylinder, machined to allow the passage of liquid at its periphery.

 The invention also relates to a device for extracting liquid from a substance, especially since at least one oleaginous seed, characterized in that it comprises:

 at least one extraction member as defined above,

 a rotor forming a support for each extraction member, said rotor being rotatable about an axis of rotation,

and wherein the cylinder is secured to the rotor, the compression direction being inclined with respect to the axis of rotation.

 An extraction device according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the following features, taken alone or in any technically feasible combination.

 - The rotor comprises at least one housing housing the extraction member, the housing having a generally cylindrical shape extending along a longitudinal axis, and comprising a bottom wall, a circumferential side wall, and an arranged mouthpiece facing the bottom wall in the direction of the longitudinal axis.

 - The body of the extraction member carries a wedging element intended to cooperate with the circumferential side wall to maintain the extraction member in position in the housing.

- The wedging element is carried by a telescopic arm extending from the body, intended to extend transversely in the housing so as to press the body and the wedging element facing each other, each against the circumferential wall.

 - The body comprises a hooking element, intended to be fixed on the mouth of the housing.

 The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and with reference to the appended figures in which:

 FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an extraction device according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention;

 FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an extraction member fitted to the extraction device of FIG. 1;

 FIG. 3 is a view in axial section of the extraction device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a detail of FIG. 3, showing the extraction member in more detail;

 - Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 4, showing an extraction member according to an alternative embodiment;

 FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an extraction device according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention;

 FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an extraction member fitted to the extraction device of FIG. 6;

 FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an extraction member intended to equip an extraction device according to a third exemplary embodiment of the invention;

 FIG. 9 is a partial view in axial section of the extraction device according to the third exemplary embodiment of the invention, comprising the extraction member of FIG. 8;

 FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an extraction member according to a fourth embodiment of the invention;

 - Figure 1 1 is an exploded perspective view of a portion of the extraction member of Figure 10;

 FIG. 12 is a view in axial section of the extraction member portion of FIG.

 FIG. 1 shows an extraction device 10 according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention.

The extraction device 10 is intended to extract a liquid from a substance, for example to extract oil from oleaginous seeds. The extraction device 10 comprises a rotor 12 forming a support for at least one extraction member 14, which will be described later.

 The rotor 12 is rotatable about an axis of rotation R, and is rotated by a conventional type motor (not shown). For example, the rotor 12 has a structure similar to that of a conventional centrifuge. The rotor 12 is able to rotate under the effect of its engine, for example up to a speed of 14,000 revolutions / min.

 The rotor 12 comprises at least one housing 16 intended to receive the extraction member 14. This housing 16, which is shown in greater detail in FIG. 3, has a generally cylindrical shape extending along a longitudinal axis X. The housing 16 is delimited by a bottom wall 18, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X, a circumferential side wall 20 extending around the longitudinal axis X and parallel thereto, and a mouth 22 arranged in view of the bottom wall 18 in the direction of the longitudinal axis X.

 The longitudinal axis X is advantageously inclined relative to the axis of rotation R, for example at an angle of 23 °.

 Advantageously, the rotor 12 comprises a plurality of housings 16 distributed circumferentially about the axis of rotation R, each intended to receive a respective extraction member 14. Thus, the extraction device 10 according to the invention makes it possible to carry out several extractions simultaneously, when several extraction members 14 are arranged in several respective housings 16. According to the example described, the rotor 12 comprises six housings 16.

 Advantageously, the rotor 12 is provided with a cover 24 (visible in FIG. 3) intended to cover the housings 16, over their mouths 22.

 Optionally, the rotor 12 comprises temperature control means (not shown), for adjusting the temperature to an optimum value to promote the extraction of liquid.

 The extraction member 14, intended to be housed in the housing 16, will now be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5. In the case where the extraction device 10 comprises several extraction members 14, these are generally similar, so only one will be described in detail below.

 The extraction member 14 comprises a body 26, extending along a main direction A.

The body 26 is intended to carry a cylinder 30, shown in more detail in FIG. 4, extending along a compression direction C. A compression piston 32, movable in the cylinder 30 in the compression direction C, defines, with this cylinder 30, a chamber 34 for receiving the substance to be compressed. This compression piston 32 is advantageously made of titanium, or alternatively of steel. The material in which the piston is made influences the load factor, which is directly proportional to the piston volume.

 In order to prevent liquid leaks, and to keep the assembly in position by friction during assembly and disassembly operations, an O-ring seal 33 is arranged radially between the compression piston 32 and the cylinder 30.

 Advantageously, the piston 32 has a modifiable length in the compression direction C. Thus, by varying the length of the piston 32, the maximum volume of the chamber 34 is modified, and also the load, therefore the pressure applied to the substance contained in the volume. For example, the piston 32 is formed by two parts assembled by screwing, the length of the piston 32 can be modified by screwing / unscrewing these two parts. Alternatively, the length of the piston can be modified by adding shims.

 Alternatively, the piston 32 is easily removable from the cylinder 30, so that it can easily be replaced by another piston of different length, depending on the desired maximum volume for the chamber 34.

 The cylinder 30 is closed by a cup 35, arranged facing the compression piston 32 in the compression direction C, and closing the receiving chamber 34. This cup 35 has at least one discharge orifice 36, opening into the chamber 34, for the evacuation of a liquid resulting from the compression of the substance.

 Advantageously, an O-ring seal 37 is arranged axially between the cup 35 and a seat formed on the cylinder 30, in order to prevent leakage of liquid, the liquid thus being exclusively discharged by each discharge orifice 36.

 When the cylinder 30 is attached to the body 26, the cup 35 is in plane contact with a complementary surface of the body 26. This planar contact is made with a roughness of such precision that the liquids or gases can not flow between this cup 35 and the complementary surface. In addition, this contact is reinforced by centrifugal force, therefore proportionally to the square of the speed of rotation, when the rotor 24 is rotating. This ensures a good seal between the cylinder 30 and the body 26, this seal being reinforced by the centrifugal force.

Advantageously, filtering means 40 are arranged between the chamber 34 and the discharge orifice 36, and more particularly arranged between the chamber 34 and the cup 35. In the example shown, the filtering means comprise a disc 42 arranged transversely with a clearance in the cylinder 30, this clearance being determined to let only liquid pass. Alternatively, the disc 42 is machined at its periphery to have notches of sufficiently small dimensions to allow only the passage of liquid. In any case, such a disk 42 is advantageous in that it is particularly simple to clean, and that it provides a smaller possible liquid retention area.

 The filtering is ensured by the calibration of the adjustment between the disk 42 and the cylinder 30, and makes it possible to dispense with an ancillary filtering device such as a strainer or a screen, or any other device for filtering by perforated surfaces or particle retention tissues.

 However, any other suitable filtering means can be envisaged alternatively.

 It should be noted that the device does not have a driving element for driving the compression piston 32. In other words, the compression piston 32 is freely sliding in the cylinder 30 along the direction of sliding C.

 Advantageously, the device comprises a weight ballast 31 intended to cooperate with the piston 32. More particularly, in the example described, the weight ballast 31 is automatically in contact with the piston 32 under the effect of the centrifugal force due to the rotation of the rotor.

 Alternatively, the ballast mass 31 is connected to the piston 32 by static or hyperstatic mechanical connection.

 This ballast mass 31 has a generally cylindrical hollow shape, of transverse dimensions, that is to say of dimensions considered perpendicular to the compression direction C, greater than that of the cylinder 30. Thus, this ballast mass 31 is arranged at least partially around the cylinder 30.

 Alternatively, the ballast mass 31 may have any shape to support and add the effects of its mass to that of the piston 32 in operation.

 According to the embodiment described, the ballast mass 31 comprises non-return means 39, ensuring the displacement of this ballast mass 31, therefore the piston 32, in one direction. These non-return means 39 are manually deactivatable, in order to reset the position of the piston 32, or to disassemble it.

The seal between the piston 32 and the cylinder 30 is ensured by the fact that the liquid, solid or gaseous particles resulting from the compression are subjected to the centrifugal force and thus discharged towards the outside of the rotor 24 in the direction of the orifice. evacuation 36, therefore the opposite of the piston 32. The effectiveness of this seal is proportional to the square of the rotational speed of the rotor 24. The cylinder 30 is fixed to the body 26 by removable fastening means 38, for example by screwing. Thus, the cylinder 30 can be removed from the body 26 and replaced by another cylinder, in particular a cylinder whose dimensions of the chamber 34 are different, such as the cylinder 30 ', shown in FIG.

 This other cylinder 30 'extends in a compression direction C. This cylinder

30 'has an outer wall 30A' and an inner wall 30B 'extending parallel to each other, one around the other, and each parallel to the compression direction C. These partitions outer 30A 'and inner 30B' are interconnected by a connecting portion 30C.

 The outer wall 30A 'has transverse and longitudinal dimensions similar to those of the cylinder 30 previously described with reference to FIG.

 The inner partition 30B 'delimits a receiving chamber 34', in which is likely to move a piston 32 'whose transverse dimensions correspond to those of the inner partition 30B'. As before, an O-ring seal 33 'is arranged radially between the piston 32' and the inner partition 30B '.

 Due to the transverse dimensions of the inner partition 30B ', lower than those of the outer wall 30A', the receiving chamber 34 'has a smaller volume than that of the receiving chamber 34 of the cylinder 30 previously described with reference to FIG. 4. Thus, this other cylinder 30 'is for example used for the extraction of liquid from a smaller amount of substance.

 More particularly, in the example of Figure 4, the cylinder 30 has a receiving chamber 34 of diameter equal to 20 mm, and in the example of Figure 5, the other cylinder 30 'has a receiving chamber 34 'of diameter equal to 8 mm. The choice of the cylinder 30, 30 'depends on the amount of substance from which it is desired to extract the liquid and the desired maximum compression pressure.

 It is also possible to provide other reception chamber diameters, for example a chamber of diameter equal to 12 mm.

 It should be noted that the smaller the diameter of the receiving chamber, the greater the pressure applied to the substance increases as a function of the rotational speed of the rotor 12. The diameter of the receiving chamber is therefore chosen according to the pressure desired and the surface of the substance to be squeezed. It should be noted that a 12mm diameter chamber has an excellent compromise between pressure and substance area.

The device also comprises a ballast mass 31 'intended to cooperate with the piston 32'. More particularly, in the example described, the ballast mass 31 'is automatically in contact with the piston 32' under the effect of the centrifugal force due to the rotation of the rotor. For example, this weighting mass 31 'is identical to the weighting mass 31 previously described with reference to FIG.

 Advantageously, the ballast mass 31 'has an air passage opening 29', opening on the inside of the cylinder 30 ', and more particularly on a space defined between the inner 30B' and outer 30A 'partitions. This orifice 29 'allows the passage of the air towards the outside when the ballast mass 31' moves along the cylinder 30 ', thus preventing air from being compressed in said space, which would limit the displacement of this mass ballast 31 ', so the piston 32'.

 In the example shown, this orifice 29 'is found on the weighting mass 31 of FIG. 4, since it is the same weighting mass as that 31' of FIG.

 As previously, the cylinder 30 'is closed by a cup 35', arranged facing the compression piston 32 'in the compression direction C, and closing the receiving chamber 34'. This cup 35 'has at least one discharge port 36', opening into the chamber 34 ', for the evacuation of a liquid resulting from the compression of the substance.

 Advantageously, an O-ring seal 37 'is arranged axially between the cup 35' and a seat formed on the cylinder 30 ', in order to prevent leakage of liquid, the liquid thus being exclusively discharged by each discharge orifice 36 .

 Advantageously, filtering means 40 'are arranged between the chamber 34 and the discharge orifice 36, and more particularly arranged between the chamber 34 and the cup 35. In the example shown, the filtering means 40' comprise a disc 42 'arranged transversely with a clearance in the space defined by the inner partition 30B'. Alternatively, the disc 42 'is machined at its periphery to have notches of sufficiently small dimensions to allow only the passage of liquid. Any other means of adapted filtering can alternatively be envisaged.

 The body 26, bearing the cylinder 30, is intended to be housed in one of the housings 16 of the rotor 12. The body 26 is shaped so that its main direction A is aligned with the longitudinal axis X when it is housed in housing 16.

For this purpose, the body 26 includes a wedging element 44, intended to rest on the circumferential sidewall 20 of the housing 16. According to this first embodiment, the wedging element 44 has a generally semicircular shape. , of dimensions corresponding to those of the circumferential side wall 20. Thus, the wedging element 44 rests on a part of the circumference of this circumferential side wall 20, preferably greater than half of this circumference, so that this element wedging 44 is thus immobilized transversely. In addition, the body 26 has a foot 46, intended to rest on the bottom wall 18, this foot 46 extending parallel to the main direction A. Thus, the wedging element and the foot 46 form polarizing means , imposing the positioning of the body 26 in the housing 16.

 This positioning is chosen so that the compression direction C is inclined with respect to the axis of rotation R when the extraction member 14 is housed in the housing 16. The main direction A and the compression direction C thus form together an angle chosen for this purpose.

 Advantageously, the compression direction C is inclined at 90 ° relative to the axis of rotation R. In this case, in the example shown, the main direction A and the compression direction C together form an angle of 67 °. Indeed, the main direction A is aligned with the longitudinal axis X of the housing 16 when the extraction member 14 is disposed in this housing 16, so that this angle between the main direction A and the compression direction C is calculated as a function of the angle between the longitudinal axis X and the axis of rotation R, which is 23 ° in the example described.

 The body 26 ensures a recovery of the coaxial forces to the housing 16, as well as the holding of the extraction member 14 in the housing 16 of the rotor 24.

 As shown in particular in Figure 4, the body 26 includes an exhaust circuit 48 communicating with the liquid outlet port 36, 36 '. The evacuation circuit 48 comprises a main pipe 48A, a first evacuation pipe 48B intended to be disposed facing the outlet orifice 36 of the dish 35 of FIG. 4 (chamber 8mm in diameter), and a second evacuation line 48C, intended to be arranged opposite the discharge orifice 36 'of the cup 35' of FIG. 5 (20mm diameter chamber). Each of these first 48B and second 48C exhaust lines opens into the main line 48A.

 It should be noted that, in the case of a chamber 12 mm in diameter, provision is preferably made in the cup for this chamber communicates with each of the first 48B and second 48C conduits.

 In all cases, the outlet orifice of the cup is advantageously formed at the periphery of the chamber.

Advantageously, each of these first 48B and second 48C discharge lines comprises a seal, respectively 49B and 49C, carried at the mouth of this first 48B, respectively second 48C, discharge line. This seal 49B, 49C is intended to cooperate with the cup 35, 35 'to prevent leakage of liquid flowing between the discharge port 36, 36' and the first 48B or second 48C corresponding discharge line. Advantageously, anti-return means 57, comprising for example a non-return valve, are arranged in the evacuation circuit 48, in order to prevent a return of liquid from this circuit to the chamber 34. For example, an anti-return valve -return is arranged in each of the first 48B and second 48C evacuation lines.

 The main pipe 48A extending to a location 50 for receiving a cartridge 52 for recovering liquid. For this purpose, as shown in particular in Figure 4, the location 50 comprises holding means 54, including a holding nut 55, intended to cooperate with a flange 56 carried by the recovery cartridge 52, thus forming a removable attachment of the recovery cartridge 52 in the location 50.

 The recovery cartridge 52 can thus be easily dismantled and / or replaced, especially when it is filled with liquid coming from the extraction.

 This recovery cartridge 52 makes it possible to prevent the particles from being transferred therein, in particular for the purpose of conditioning or for measurements. In particular, for packaging, the recovery cartridge 52 may, after being disassembled from the body 26, be sealed by closure means, for example a screwed or crimped lid. Furthermore, the recovery cartridge allows a direct measurement in terms of masses by a measuring device whose accuracy allows to weigh a complete set (container and content) of a few grams.

 To ensure the stability of the extraction device 10 when the rotor 12 is rotating, the body 26 optionally carries a balancing cartridge 58, arranged transversely facing the recovery cartridge 52. This balancing cartridge 58 can receive any type of material to balance the overall masses of different extraction members 14 between them.

 This balancing cartridge 58 is for example carried by a support arm

59, extending transversely, advantageously so as to bear against the circumferential wall 20 of the housing 16. Thus, this support arm 59 contributes to the recovery of forces and the positioning of the recovery member 14.

 The assembly and operation of the extraction device 10 will now be described.

 At first, the extraction member 14 is placed on a work surface (bench), in particular by resting on its foot 46, 64.

 There is a substance which it is desired to extract from the liquid, in particular formed by a set of oleaginous seeds.

The cylinder 30, 30 'is then prepared, in particular by choosing the volume of the receiving chamber 34, 34' as a function of the quantity of substance to be treated. As indicated above, the volume of the receiving chamber 34, 34 'depends on one hand on the cylinder 30 or 30' chosen, and the length of the piston 32, 32 'chosen.

 Once the cylinder 30, 30 'and the piston 32, 32' (equipped with its ballast mass 31, 31 ') assembled, the substance is introduced into the chamber 34, 34'. The filtering means 40, 40 'are then arranged in the cylinder 30, 30', then the chamber 34, 34 'is closed by assembling the cylinder 30, 30' with the corresponding cup 35, 35 '.

 The cylinder 30, 30 'is then assembled with the body 26, by means of the fastening means 38.

 In parallel, an empty recovery cartridge 52 is assembled in the receiving location 50.

 The extraction member 14 is then inserted into one of the housings 16 of the rotor 12. Due to the shape and orientation of the foot 46 and the wedging element 44, this extraction member 14 is arranged so that its principal direction A is aligned with the longitudinal axis X of the housing 16, and the compression direction C in which the cylinder 30, 30 'extends is inclined, preferably at 90 °, with respect to the In addition, the piston 32, 32 'faces this axis of rotation R, and the discharge orifice 36, 36' is opposite this piston 32, 32 'in the direction compression C, and oriented from the center of the rotor to the outside of this rotor.

 The rotor 12 is then rotated. When this rotor 12 is rotated, the piston 32, 32 ', which is weighted by the ballast mass 31, 31' and which is free to slide in the cylinder 30, is driven by the centrifugal force towards the outside, therefore towards the discharge port 36, 36 '.

 The substance present in the chamber 34, 34 'is then compressed between the piston 32, 32' and the cup 35, 35 ', under the effect of this centrifugal force applied to the piston 32, 32'.

 It should be noted that the intensity of this compressive force depends on the mass of the piston 32, 32 'and its ballast mass 31, 31' and the speed of rotation.

 For example, in the case of the chamber 34 with a diameter of 20 mm, a pressure of 314 bars is obtained from 500 revolutions / min, and a pressure of 509 bar is obtained from a speed of 14,000 revolutions / min.

 In the case of the reception chamber 34 'of diameter 8 mm, a pressure of 314 bar is obtained for a speed greater than 4500 rev / min, and a pressure of 509 bar is obtained for a speed greater than 6 500 revolutions / min.

It should be noted that, under the effect of the centrifugal force, the liquid extracted from the substance is also separated from this substance and driven outwards, that is to say first say to the extraction orifice 36, 36 ', then to the main pipe 48A, which promotes the evacuation of this liquid.

 The liquid is thus entrained in the evacuation circuit 48 to the recovery cartridge 52. It should be noted that this evacuation cartridge 52 extends in the main direction A, and is therefore inclined relative to the axis of rotation R, which promotes the flow of liquid towards the bottom of this cartridge 52.

 Once the substance is compressed, the rotation of the rotor 12 is stopped, and the extraction member 14 is removed from the housing 16 for the recovery of the cartridge 52, for the analysis of the extracted liquid.

 FIGS. 6 and 7 show an extraction device 10 according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention. In these figures, elements similar to those of the preceding figures are designated by identical references.

 According to this second embodiment, the extraction member 14 differs from that of the first embodiment in that it comprises a hooking element 60, replacing the wedging element 44. This element of FIG. 60 is intended to be fixed on the mouth 22 of the housing 16, as shown in Figure 6.

The attachment element 60 allows a good retention of the extraction member 14 in position, ensuring in particular a good recovery of the axial forces experienced by the extraction member 14 in the direction of the longitudinal axis X.

 In this case, it should be noted that the foot 46 is optional, and is then generally used only to put the extraction member 14 on a work plan outside the housing 16. Thus, in accordance with this second mode embodiment, the foot 46 is removable, so that it can be disassembled before insertion into the housing 16, in order to reduce the weight embedded in the rotor 12.

 FIGS. 8 and 9 show an extraction device 10 according to a third exemplary embodiment of the invention. In these figures, elements similar to those of the preceding figures are designated by identical references.

 According to this third exemplary embodiment, the wedging element 44 is carried by a telescopic arm 62 extending from the body 26 in a direction perpendicular to the main direction A.

 Thus, this telescopic arm 62 is intended to extend transversely in the housing 16, as shown in FIG. 9, so as to press the body 26 and the wedging element 44 one facing the other. , each against the circumferential wall

20. Furthermore, according to this third exemplary embodiment, the body 26 has a hollow foot 64, in which the receiving location 50 is formed. This hollow foot 64 extends in the main direction A.

 FIG. 10 shows an extraction member 14 according to a fourth exemplary embodiment of the invention. In this figure, elements similar to those of the previous embodiments are designated by identical references.

 According to this fourth exemplary embodiment, the extraction member is connected to the rotor 12 by connecting means 66.

 The connecting means 66 comprise a ring gear 68 secured to the rotor 12, coaxially with the axis of rotation R, the ring gear 68 comprising a plurality of pins 70, at least one pin 70, preferably two pins 70, being arranged opposite each dwelling 16.

 The connecting means 66 furthermore comprise a connecting arm 72 having a first end 72A fixed to the body 26, and a second end 72B having a receiving orifice 74 for each pin 70 facing the housing 16 in which the housing is housed. extraction member 14. Thus, when the extraction member 14 is housed in the housing 16, the second end 72B rests on the ring 68, the corresponding pins 70 passing through the respective receiving orifices 74.

 Such connecting means 66 are sufficient to maintain satisfactorily the extraction member 14 in the housing 16, and allow a very simple assembly of the extraction member 14 in the housing, requiring no tools, by simply placing the second end 72B on the ring 68 by inserting the pins 70 into the receiving orifices 74.

 Note that these connecting means 66 could be adapted to an extraction member 14 according to any other embodiment of the invention.

 The extraction member 14 according to the fourth embodiment further comprises, independently of the connecting means 66, means 76 for fixing the cylinder 30 to the body 26. These attachment means 76 are shown in greater detail in the figures 1 1 and 12.

 The fixing means 76 comprise a fixing cage 78, secured to the body 26, for example by screwing. The fixing cage 78 has a central opening 80 for receiving the cup 35 and the cylinder 30.

The fixing means 76 also comprise a clamping ring 82, intended to rest against a flange 84 of the cylinder 30 to hold the cylinder 30 in the fixing cage 78. For this purpose, the central opening 80 and the clamping ring 82 have complementary shapes for clamping the clamping ring 82 in the central opening 80. For example, the clamping ring 82 is provided with an external thread, and the central opening 80 is provided with a complementary internal thread, so that the clamping ring 82 is clamped against the collar 84 by screwing.

 In order to easily allow this screwing, the clamping ring 82 has forms 86, in particular notches, for engaging complementary shapes 88, in particular pins, with a tool 90 provided for this purpose.

 These fixing means 76 allow a quick and easy manual fixing of the cylinder 30 against the body 26.

 It should be noted that, in accordance with this fourth embodiment, and independently of the fastening means 76 and the connecting means 66, the ballast mass 31 comprises a substantially frustoconical portion 31A surrounding the cylinder 30, extended by a portion substantially cylindrical 31 B. This ballast mass 31 is particularly stable and resistant.

 Advantageously, in this fourth embodiment, and in a manner compatible with the other embodiments, the disc 42 has a peripheral chamfer 84 delimiting with the cup 35 a peripheral channel, in particular to facilitate the evacuation of the liquid.

 It appears that the extraction device 10 according to the invention is particularly effective since it has a pressing efficiency (that is to say the ratio of the mass of oil obtained on the mass of compressed seeds) can reach 35%, which is close to the maximum theoretical yield for a cold oilseed.

 Furthermore, the extraction device 10 according to the invention is compact. It can easily be transported, especially for in situ analyzes.

 Note that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and could have various variants.

 In particular, the hollow foot 64 of the extraction member 14 according to the third exemplary embodiment could replace the foot 46 of the extraction members 14 of the first and second exemplary embodiments.

 Different applications of the extraction device 10 will now be described. The extraction device 10 according to the invention can be used to extract a liquid from a wide range of tissues, living or not, for analysis or quantification purposes.

In particular, in addition to extracting oil from seeds, the extraction device 10 can be used to extract yeast-type microorganism oil. For example, oil is extracted from a lyophilized yeast pellet by rotation at 8000 rpm for 30 min at room temperature in the chamber 34 of diameter 8 mm. The extraction device 10 can also be used for extracting oil from pellets of lyophilized micro-algae with high oil content.

 The extraction device 10 is designed to recover a phase (liquid or gaseous) of a solid but remains a press of a very small size with a high pressure range, allowing numerous pressing applications at small scales, in particular for use on expensive and / or rare materials.

 The extraction device 10 can receive in its compression chamber 34 any type of material according to all the known gaseous, liquid, solid or plasma states, as well as in different types of origins and quantities, both in terms of volume. only masses.

 Compression chamber 34 and / or its contents may receive or be subjected to any type of external radiation-type solicitations (supply or subtraction of calories, submission to direct electrical or electronic excitation or by magnetic fields) other than those generated by the centrifugal force and pressure variations described above.

 In this sense, the extraction device 10 thus subjected to all or part of these external actions makes it possible to vary the state of the contents of the compression chamber 34 composed of material, both in terms of the composition, the number of compounds and or the distribution of the compounds within the content initially introduced into the compression chamber 34.

 For example, the compression chamber 34 may initially be filled with several solid compounds of the same material or of different materials and under different states, different liquids or gases or a mixture of the three, be subjected to compression and external stresses and at the end of the transformation cycle, formed into a solid sample in one piece or a liquid or a gas with properties different from the state of the content before transformation.

 Some examples of possible applications will now be described.

 According to a first example, the material is obtained by sintering powders with electronic characteristics allowing current transport by offering very low resistances at different temperatures.

 According to a second example, the material has very high mechanical characteristics on the surface or core of the material of the metal, ceramic, polymer type, etc.

According to a third example, the material has different properties before and after transformation that can have properties and properties. behavior at the atomic scale such that the periods of radioactivity are modified.

 The extraction device 10 is designed so that the different physical transformations of the state of the material as well as the new physical, chemical, electrical, electronic, olfactory, food and radioactive properties and the properties of variations of the state of the component (s) obtained can be measured by recovering all the compounds but also by measuring the different elements of the device that participated in the transformation including all the components of the device.

 The extraction device 10 can, by adjustments of the dimensions of the compression chamber 34, make it possible to reach pressures of several thousand to tens of thousands of bars (without theoretical limits) under a controlled atmosphere and under the effect of centrifugation. allow the arrangement of the material in the direction of centrifugation and control the gases and liquids emitted or received during processing.

 The extraction device 10 can, by deleting the recovery channels

48A, 48B, 48C comprise a sealed chamber whose compounds can not escape but undergo or not transformations during the compression phase.

 The chamber may be made in such a way that radial orifices may allow communication with related exterior chambers so that compounds may be introduced or discharged during the compression phase.

 These orifices may themselves receive calibration devices and generally control and closure of the chamber during movement of the piston 32.

 The extraction device 10 can also be used for gas recovery.

 In this case, the rotor 24 has, in each housing 16, an orifice formed on the bottom wall 18, and oriented so as to be at the most eccentric point of the housing 16 relative to the axis of rotation R of the rotor 24 .

 By the speed of rotation, all the particles, and generally all bodies of any kind whatsoever, are subjected to a centrifugal force driving them in a direction and a direction going from the interior towards the outside the rotor 16 in a plane normal to the axis of rotation R of the rotor 24.

As a result, the molecules of air or gas, irrespective of the compounds or the molecular arrangement, thus subjected to this centrifugal force, escape from the rotor 24, thus creating a vacuum that can reach a level comparable to an atmospheric vacuum whose level is conditioned by the speed of rotation of the rotor 24. The orifice, mentioned above, between the housing 16 and the outside of the rotor 24, can receive any device making it possible to control the passage of the flow of air or gas generated by the rotation of the rotor 24, and thus to regulate, shut off or leave the flow free and check the pressure level of the gases in the rotor 24.

 Each housing 16 can be isolated from the others within the same rotor 24 by creating a sealed wall in the upper part of the housing or by the creation of a multi-part dismountable waterproof enclosure able to receive communication orifices allowing the circulation and control of the passage of gases.

 The extraction device 10 is thus equipped to include a closed circuit for putting the compression chamber 34 and the outside of the rotor in relation and thus subject the compression chamber 34 to a depression. The circuit is thus made that the gaseous particles are separated from the liquid particles and sucked in a different direction allowing the recovery of the particles according to their state in different receptacles.

 The receptacles and conduits leading these streams of materials can receive any clean filtration device to recover all or part of the flow of material in motion.

 The extraction device 10 can also be used while remaining confined in the sealed enclosure, during the entire compression phase, so that all the gaseous transformations that took place during the compression phase can be recovered by the opening. the speaker or access to the contents of the enclosure via a hole provided for this purpose.

 Some examples of possible applications are described below.

 According to a fourth example, the chamber 34 houses a liquid with different properties before and after transformation, which may have properties and behaviors on the atomic scale that can be recombined or participate in reactions by fission, fusion, or recombination. natural or under constraints of external actions.

 According to a fifth example, the chamber 34 houses a liquid or gas with different properties before and after transformation may have lower and higher calorific values different from the initial state.

According to a sixth example, the chamber 34 houses a liquid or gas with different properties before and after transformation may have different electrical conduction properties, electronic or heat. According to a seventh example, the chamber 34 houses a material, liquid, or gas with different properties before and after transformation can be confined within an envelope (example vitrification).

 According to an eighth example, the chamber 34 houses a material having different characteristics (metallurgical, electrical or electronic or optical behavior) within the final content by differential distribution of the material due to the centrifugation with different states of purity of this material. (For example, the optical characteristics of the material are different between the two faces of the same final material obtained).

 According to a ninth example, the chamber 34 houses an organic compound whose properties before and after transformation can interact with living organisms whether for medical or food (medicines).

 As indicated above, the extraction device 10 according to the invention can be used to extract a liquid from any compressible substance. It should be noted that this extraction is carried out without the use of a solvent.

 For example, the extraction device 10 has been tested to extract oil from spices, such as cloves or pink berries, with a yield of about 15%. In particular, a mass of oil of 19.2 mg was extracted from a seed mass of 144.6 mg of cloves, and a mass of oil of 19.1 mg was extracted from a mass of seeds. 168.8 mg of pink berries.

 By way of example, for the given seeds, the table below shows the yield of oil theoretically contained in these seeds, and the yield of oil extracted by means of the extraction device according to FIG. 'invention.

It thus clearly appears that the results obtained by the extraction device 10 according to the invention are particularly satisfactory.

Claims

1. An organ (14) for extracting liquid from a substance, in particular since at least one seed, comprising a cylinder (30, 30 ') and a compression piston (32, 32') movable in the cylinder (30, 30 ') the cylinder (30, 30 ') and the piston (32, 32') defining together a substance receiving chamber (34, 34 '), and the cylinder (30, 30') comprising at least one orifice (36 , 36 ') discharging liquid into said receiving chamber (34, 34'), characterized in that the cylinder (30, 30 ') extends along a compression direction (C), and the compression piston (32, 32 ') is arranged in free sliding along this compression direction (C) in the cylinder (30, 30'). 2. extraction member (14) according to claim 1, comprising a weight ballast (31, 31 ') intended to cooperate with the piston (32, 32'), in particular under the effect of a centrifugal force. 3. extraction member (14) according to claim 2, wherein the ballast mass (31, 31 ') has a generally cylindrical hollow shape, of greater transverse dimensions than those of the cylinder (30, 30'), the mass weighting means (31, 31 ') being arranged at least partially around the cylinder (30, 30'). Extraction member (14) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a body (26) extending in a main direction (A), the cylinder (30, 30 ') being carried by this body (26). ), and said body (26) being intended to be secured to a rotor (12). The extraction member (14) according to claim 4, wherein the body (26) has an evacuation circuit (48) communicating with the evacuation port (36, 36 '), and extending to a location (50) for receiving a liquid recovery cartridge (52). Extraction member (14) according to claim 5, comprising antiretour means (57) arranged in the evacuation circuit (48), intended to prevent a return of liquid from the evacuation circuit (48) towards the bedroom (34, 34 '). 7. extraction member (14) according to any one of claims 5 or 6, comprising a balancing cartridge (58) carried by the body (26) transversely facing the recovery cartridge (52). 8. extraction member (14) according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the body comprises a foot (46, 64), extending in the main direction (A), adapted to rest on a wall of support. 9. extraction member (14) according to claims 5 and 8 taken in combination, wherein the location (50) of reception is formed in the foot (64) of the body (26). 10. extraction member (14) according to any one of claims 4 to 9, wherein the cylinder (30, 30 ') is fixed to the body (26) by fixing means (38) removable. 1 1. Extraction member (14) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising filtering means (40, 40 '), arranged between the chamber (34, 34') and the discharge orifice (36, 36 '). ), comprising a disk (42, 42 ') arranged in the cylinder (30, 30'), machined to allow the passage of liquid at its periphery. 12. Device (10) for extracting liquid from a substance, in particular since at least one oleaginous seed, characterized in that it comprises:  at least one extraction member (14) according to any one of the preceding claims,  a rotor (12) forming a support for each extraction member (14), said rotor (12) being rotatable about an axis of rotation (R), and wherein the cylinder (30, 30 ') is secured to the rotor (12), the compression direction (C) being inclined relative to the axis of rotation (R). 13. extraction device (10) according to claim 12, wherein the rotor (12) comprises at least one housing (16) housing the extraction member (14), the housing (16) having a generally cylindrical shape extending along a longitudinal axis (X), and comprising a bottom wall (18), a circumferential side wall (20), and a mouth (22) arranged facing the bottom wall (18) in the direction of the longitudinal axis (X). 14. extraction device (10) according to claim 13, wherein the body (26) of the extraction member (14) carries a wedging element (44) intended to cooperate with the circumferential side wall (20). to hold the extraction member (14) in position in the housing (16). 15. Extraction device (10) according to claim 14, wherein the wedging element (44) is carried by a telescopic arm (62) extending from the body (26), intended to extend transversely in the housing (16) so as to press the body (26) and the wedging element (44) against each other, each against the circumferential wall (20). 16. extraction device (10) according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the body comprises a hooking element (60) intended to be fixed on the mouth (22) of the housing (16). .