WO2016079207A1 - Radiofrequency generator for connecting a probe for insertion into body media - Google Patents
Radiofrequency generator for connecting a probe for insertion into body media Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016079207A1 WO2016079207A1 PCT/EP2015/077022 EP2015077022W WO2016079207A1 WO 2016079207 A1 WO2016079207 A1 WO 2016079207A1 EP 2015077022 W EP2015077022 W EP 2015077022W WO 2016079207 A1 WO2016079207 A1 WO 2016079207A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- probe
- signal
- shaft
- electrical
- frequency generator
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/1206—Generators therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1492—Probes or electrodes therefor having a flexible, catheter-like structure, e.g. for heart ablation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B2017/00017—Electrical control of surgical instruments
- A61B2017/00022—Sensing or detecting at the treatment site
- A61B2017/00039—Electric or electromagnetic phenomena other than conductivity, e.g. capacity, inductivity, Hall effect
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
- A61B2018/00773—Sensed parameters
- A61B2018/00779—Power or energy
- A61B2018/00785—Reflected power
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
- A61B2018/00773—Sensed parameters
- A61B2018/00869—Phase
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/06—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
- A61B2090/062—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for penetration depth
Definitions
- High frequency generator for connecting a probe for insertion in body media
- the invention relates to a high-frequency generator for connecting a probe for introduction into body media, and a probe and a system comprising a high-frequency generator and a probe.
- the probe has an elongate shaft with proximal and distal ends and may be inserted distal end first into body media such as body tissue or body fluid.
- Such probes are basically known and may be provided for and adapted for various purposes, e.g. for the treatment of body tissue by delivering energy to the body tissue, for taking body tissue samples, for introducing fluids or other media or, in the case of a catheter, only for guiding another probe guided in a lumen of the catheter.
- probes In the use of such probes, it is of great importance that the probe is inserted with the correct length in the body, or introduced at the correct speed and / or pulled out. To indicate the respective insertion length known probes are sometimes provided with length markings. However, the speed of insertion / extraction is only properly controlled by the experience of the user. The invention has for its object to facilitate the use of such probes.
- a high frequency generator for the connection of a probe for introduction into body media.
- the probe to be connected has an elongate shaft with a proximal and a distal end and an electrical conductor running along the shaft with an inductive and a capacitive line pad, which determine a respective local characteristic impedance of the electrical conductor.
- the high-frequency generator has a terminal for a respective probe to be connected to the high-frequency generator, which together with a terminal of a respective probe is designed to feed an electrical signal into the electrical conductor of the probe and to decouple reflected signal components of the electrical signal from the electrical conductor.
- the high-frequency generator has a measurement signal generator and an evaluation unit, of which the measurement signal generator is designed to generate an electrical measurement signal to be supplied to a probe connected to the high-frequency generator and the evaluation unit is designed to detect signal components of the sensor connected to the high-frequency generator during operation evaluate electrical measurement signal and provide a distance signal identifying the location on the shaft of a probe connected in operation to the radio frequency generator, at which the permittivity of the immediate environment along the shaft changes due to a transition between the media surrounding the shaft.
- a probe is proposed to achieve the object, which has an elongate shaft with a proximal and a distal end and an electrical conductor extending along the shaft with an inductive and a capacitive Ichsbe lag, which determine a respective local characteristic impedance of the electrical conductor.
- the probe has a terminal for feeding an electrical signal into the electrical conductor and coupling out reflected signal components of the electrical signal from the electrical conductor.
- the object is achieved by a system with a probe of the type mentioned and a high-frequency generator of the type mentioned, wherein the probe is connected via the connection to the high-frequency generator, the measuring signal generator is designed to generate an over the connection of the probe to be supplied electrical measurement signal and the evaluation unit is designed to eject reflected signal components of the electrical measurement signal coupled out of the probe via the connection. and to provide a distance signal identifying the location on the shaft where the permittivity of the immediate environment changes along the shaft.
- Such a high-frequency generator and such a system offer the advantage that a measurement of the penetration depth of a connected probe instead of by means of printed markings or in addition can be done by means of an electrical measurement method.
- the measurement method is based on the so-called “Time Domain Reflectometry" ("TDR"), in which a high-frequency electrical measurement signal is fed in at the proximal end of the probe (eg in the handle or in the plug) If the conductors are not electrically shielded against the environment, one can influence the electrical conduction properties capacitively, which changes the characteristic impedance of the conduction at the affected points Scope of the case when the probe is inserted in the body The measured signal is partly reflected and only partly transmitted at the points of the line which have a changed characteristic impedance at the entrance of the pipe Voltage profile is detected and evaluated by the electronics in the probe assembly according to the invention by measurement.
- TDR Time Domain Reflectometry
- the measuring signal generator of the high-frequency generator is designed to deliver a modulated measuring signal and the evaluation unit preferably contains a phase detector the signal transit time can be precisely determined by phase detection.
- the high-frequency generator additionally contains a circulator which is arranged and configured to conduct the measurement signal from the measurement signal generator to a probe and to guide signal components reflected in the probe to the evaluation unit.
- the evaluation unit can be part of a measuring electronics or a CPU module.
- the evaluation unit of the high-frequency generator is formed
- Reference reflection signal from reflected signal components of the electrical measurement signal for the probe in air comprising partial reflections by the changes of the characteristic impedance inherent in the probe, the cable and the connection, with a respective current reflection signal from reflected signal components of the electrical measurement signal for the probe in a Compare part in a lumen introduced state, so that the reflection that occurs at the location of the transition from a first to a second material surrounding the shaft, can be identified by the comparison.
- the reference reflection signal contains partial reflections of the measurement signal, which are caused by the changes in the characteristic impedance inherent in the probe, the cable, the connection and are thus intrinsic to the system, so that the reflection at the location of the transition of air to tissue (when introduced into the body tissue probe) can be identified as a further reflection within a current reflection signal.
- the measuring signal generator is designed to deliver a high-frequency, optionally additionally modulated, measuring signal.
- the evaluation unit can additionally be designed with the aid of a change in the location determined by the distance signal to determine a speed of the probe in the longitudinal direction of the shaft.
- the evaluation unit can be designed to detect the change in a respectively detected location of a reflection of the measurement signal at the transition between the shaft surrounding media over time, in order to determine a speed of the probe in the shaft longitudinal direction in this way.
- This speed of the probe in the longitudinal direction of the shaft corresponds, for example, to the speed with which the probe is inserted into or pulled out of a body.
- the high-frequency generator has a control unit.
- the control unit is designed to control the measuring signal generator as a function of the distance signal, for example by adjusting the amplitude and / or a frequency of the measuring signal. In this way, an electrical measurement signal with a low amplitude can be fed, which can be increased during operation and thus individually adapted to the operation in certain lumens.
- the high-frequency generator has a user interface.
- the user interface is designed to optically and / or acoustically present to a user of the high-frequency generator the distance signal delivered by the evaluation unit or a signal derived therefrom.
- an audio signal may be presented when the elongate shaft of the probe penetrates too deep into a lumen.
- a predetermined distance value can be entered with the aid of the user interface. If it results from the distance signal that this distance value has been reached, the audio signal is triggered in this case so that it can serve as a warning signal for the user.
- the evaluation unit can also be designed to detect and evaluate a time profile of the voltages and / or currents resulting from the coupled-out reflected signal components of the electrical measurement signal.
- the high-frequency generator has a high-frequency generator. This high-frequency power generator is designed to generate an electrical working signal to be supplied via the connection of the probe.
- the working signal is intended, for example, to supply the energy necessary for cutting or coagulating tissue to the distal end of the shaft.
- the working signal can be provided parallel to the measuring signal in the electrical conductors of the elongated shaft.
- the signals are shielded from each other so that they do not interfere with each other.
- the high frequency generator has a control unit configured to control the high frequency working generator in response to the distance signal, the output of energy to surrounding tissue can be automatically controlled depending on how far the probe is inserted into a body or how fast she is moved in the longitudinal direction.
- the elongated shaft of the probe be flexible so that it can be inserted, for example, along blood vessels such as veins or other body lumens.
- the probe preferably has a connecting cable which is electrically connected to the electrical conductor running along the shaft, wherein the electrical conductor and the connecting cable form a waveguide for measuring signals and the characteristic impedance of the along the shaft extending electrical conductor, the connecting cable and the connection between the two are coordinated.
- This coordination can be such that the characteristic impedance does not change or only insignificantly changes along the connecting cable and the electrical conductor running along the shaft.
- system-inherent reflections of the measurement signal inherent to the probe can be prevented or reduced so that the reflection due to different electrical characteristics of various media surrounding the probe shaft such as e.g. Air and body tissue or body fluid are not concealed, obscured or masked by systemic reflection.
- the characteristic impedance of the connecting cable may have a predetermined characteristic impedance difference with respect to the elongate shaft.
- the electrical conductor may be routed along the shaft at the distal end with an impedance, e.g. be completed in the form of a terminating resistor whose value corresponds to the characteristic impedance of the conductor, so that there is no (partial) reflection of the measuring signal at the distal end of the conductor.
- an impedance e.g. be completed in the form of a terminating resistor whose value corresponds to the characteristic impedance of the conductor, so that there is no (partial) reflection of the measuring signal at the distal end of the conductor.
- the electrical conductor at its distal end may also be shorted or open (corresponding to an infinite terminating resistor).
- the probe has two electrical conductors which are designed to conduct an electrical measurement signal parallel to an electrical operating signal.
- the probe may include three electrical conductors, two of which are configured to carry an electrical working signal and of which the third electrical conductor is configured to carry an electrical measurement signal.
- the distance between the respective electrical conductors is at least approximately constant and also the permittivity of an insulating material of the electrical conductors is at least approximately the same over the entire length of the electrical conductors.
- Further aspects of the invention relate to a method for determining the penetration depth of a probe into a medium having a different permittivity than air.
- the transit time is determined by comparing a portion of the measurement signal itself as a reference signal with the reflected or partially reflected measurement signal component and determining a time or phase shift between the reference signal and the reflected signal.
- Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a system according to the invention with a
- FIG. 2 is a schematic detail view of a distal end of the shaft of FIG.
- FIG. 1 shows a system 100 which comprises a probe 10 and a high-frequency generator 12, which are electrically connected to one another via a connection cable 14.
- the probe 10 has a flexible shaft 16 which is adapted to be inserted into body tissue or body lumens.
- the shaft 16 has a distal end 16.1 and a proximal end 16.2.
- a handle 18 is provided at the proximal end 16.2 of the shaft.
- the connecting cable 14 is connected via a plug connection 20 with the high-frequency generator 12.
- the high-frequency generator 12 comprises a high-frequency power generator 22 which supplies an electrical working signal, which is supplied via the connector 20 and the connecting cable 14 of the probe 10 and can serve, for example, the coagulation or cutting tissue.
- the probe 10 may have corresponding electrodes (see FIG. 2).
- the high-frequency generator 12 comprises a measuring signal generator 24, which generates a measuring signal during operation, and which is likewise connected via the plug connection 20 in the connection cable 14 with the probe 10.
- an evaluation device is provided which comprises a measuring electronics 26 and a CPU module 28. The CPU module 28 generates a distance signal from a signal supplied by the measuring electronics 26 and outputs this to a user interface 30.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic detail view of a distal section of the shaft 16.
- the shaft 16 has a flexible shell 32 and has at its distal end a tip electrode 34 and a ring electrode 36. About the tip electrode 34 and the ring electrode 36 can deliver a high frequency working signal to surrounding body tissue. This high-frequency operating signal is supplied to the electrodes 34 and 36 via an electrical operating signal line 38 and 40, respectively.
- the working signal lines 38 and 40 are connected via the connecting cable 14 with the high frequency working generator 22. In this way results in a bipolar probe 16, as it is known per se. Also provided are two further electrical conductors 42 and 44 which extend along the shaft 16 and constitute a waveguide for a measurement signal generated by the measurement signal generator 24. This measuring signal can be generated by the measuring signal generator 24 and fed via the connector 20 in the connection cable 14 and the electrical conductors 42 and 44 are supplied via this connecting cable 14. The electrical conductors 42 and 44 are terminated at their distal end with a terminating resistor 46 whose impedance value corresponds to the characteristic impedance of the line formed by the two electrical conductors 42 and 44.
- the termination resistor 46 causes the measurement signal generated by the measurement signal generator 24 is not reflected at the distal end of the electrical conductors 42 and 44, but there is dissipated in the terminating resistor, so that reflections of the measurement signal occur where the characteristic impedance of the electrical conductors 42 and 44 formed line changes.
- the system 100 thus comprises a measuring system for determining the penetration depth of the probe in e.g. Twill fabric.
- the measuring system is integrated in the high-frequency generator 12 and has as components the measuring signal generator 24 and the measuring electronics 26 and the CPU module 28.
- the measuring signal generator 24 is connected to the conductors in the connecting cable and feeds high-frequency measuring signals into those of the along the shaft 16 extending electrical conductors 42 and 44 formed line.
- the measuring electronics measures the time profile of the voltage and / or the currents at the line input in the vicinity of the connector 20.
- the high-frequency measuring signals of the measuring signal generator are evaluated, but not the HF currents of the working signal, which is used to treat the tissue.
- the measured values e.g.
- the work generator 22 may be controlled based on the evaluations and / or the user may be acoustically and / or optically informed via the user interface 30.
- the operating signal from the high-frequency power generator 22 and the measuring signal from the measuring signal generator 24 are conducted via a circulator 50 to the plug connection 20.
- Signals reflected in the probe 10 are transmitted through the circulator 50 through a notch filter 52 to the Measuring electronics 26 passed.
- the notch filter 52 filters out unwanted portions of the radio frequency working signal from the reflected signal.
- a portion of the measurement signal from the measurement signal generator 24 is also passed as a reference signal via an attenuator 54 to the measurement electronics 26. From the time or phase shift between the reference signal and the reflected signal, the measuring electronics 26 determines the penetration depth of the probe 10 into the body of the patient.
- the connector 20, the connecting cable 14 and the flexible probe 10 form a waveguide for the fed high-frequency measurement signal. It is advantageous if the characteristic characteristic impedances of the individual components are matched to one another, and e.g. at least approximately identical. This allows the best possible signal transmission without disturbing partial reflections. Small changes or deviations of the characteristic impedance are technically manageable, but large differences in the characteristic impedances cause metrological difficulties. However, it may be advantageous to have a defined and targeted difference in the characteristic impedance of the connection cable 14 and the flexible probe 10. As a result, the exact beginning of the probe, in particular the proximal end 16.2 of the shaft 16, can be detected more easily later in the measurement signal during the evaluation.
- connection cable 14 This possibly also allows a free choice of the length of the connection cable 14 without affecting the evaluation.
- the measuring signal generator 24 is then designed to feed the high-frequency measuring signal parallel to the working current.
- the measuring electronics 26 are in turn designed to distinguish the high-frequency measuring signals from the signals of the working current.
- an additional electrical conductor as a measuring conductor. This then allows a simplified feed and measurement of the high-frequency measurement signal regardless of the working current.
- Another technical advantage of an additional electrical conductor is the defined electrical termination of this conductor with a known terminating resistor, eg an open conductor end. This simplifies the evaluation of the measurement signal.
- the characteristic impedance along the line is as constant as possible. This requires a defined and fixed geometry of the ladder.
- the distance between the conductors 42 and 44 with each other should be as constant as possible. If the distance is not constant, partial reflections occur along the line. These complicate the evaluation of the measurement signal.
- the measuring effect is due to a change in the characteristic impedance of the electrical conductor 42 or 44 along the shaft 16 of the probe 10 when the shaft 16 is introduced over part of its length into the human body.
- the tissue surrounding the shaft 16 has a correspondingly high relative permittivity (about 80) due to the high water content. If the conductors 42 and 44 inside the shaft 16 are not electrically shielded from the environment, so no coax cable or the like is provided, then penetrates the electrical stray field of at least one conductor in the surrounding the shaft 16 tissue. Due to the high relative permittivity of the fabric, this increases the capacitive conduction of the conductor 42 or 44. The characteristic impedance changes accordingly.
- This sudden change in the characteristic impedance causes the injected measuring signal to be at least partially reflected at the location of the change. Due to this fact, the length of the shaft 16 can be determined, which is already in the body. For exact determination of the length component, the signal propagation time between emission of the measurement signal and arrival of the measurement signal reflected at the location of the change of the characteristic impedance is evaluated.
- the signal transit time can be determined by directly determining a pulse transit time or by phase detection. The latter requires a modulated measurement signal.
- control unit for controlling the high-frequency power generator 22nd
- control unit for controlling the measurement signal generator 24th
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Abstract
Description
Hochfrequenzgenerator zum Anschluss einer Sonde zum Einführen in Körpermedien High frequency generator for connecting a probe for insertion in body media
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hochfrequenzgenerator zum Anschluss einer Sonde zum Einführen in Körpermedien, sowie eine Sonde und ein System umfassend einen Hochfrequenzgenerator und eine Sonde. Die Sonde besitzt einen länglichen Schaft mit einem proximalen und einem distalen Ende und kann mit dem distalen Ende voran in Körpermedien, beispielsweise Körpergewebe oder Körperflüssigkeit, eingeführt werden. The invention relates to a high-frequency generator for connecting a probe for introduction into body media, and a probe and a system comprising a high-frequency generator and a probe. The probe has an elongate shaft with proximal and distal ends and may be inserted distal end first into body media such as body tissue or body fluid.
Derartige Sonden sind grundsätzlich bekannt und können für verschiedene Aufgaben vorgesehen und angepasst sein, z.B. für die Behandlung von Körpergewebe durch Energieabgabe an das Körpergewebe, zur Entnahme von Körpergewebsproben, zum Einbringen von Flüssigkeiten oder anderen Medien oder im Falle eines Katheters auch nur zum Führen von einer weiteren Sonde, die in einem Lumen des Katheters geführt ist. Such probes are basically known and may be provided for and adapted for various purposes, e.g. for the treatment of body tissue by delivering energy to the body tissue, for taking body tissue samples, for introducing fluids or other media or, in the case of a catheter, only for guiding another probe guided in a lumen of the catheter.
Bei der Anwendung solcher Sonden ist es von großer Bedeutung, dass die Sonde mit der richtigen Länge in den Körper eingeführt ist, bzw. mit der richtigen Geschwindigkeit eingeführt und/oder herausgezogen wird. Zur Angabe der jeweiligen Einführlänge sind bekannte Sonden z.T. mit Längenmarkierungen versehen. Die Geschwindigkeit des Einführens bzw. Herausziehens ist jedoch nur durch die Erfahrung des Anwenders richtig zu steuern. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Anwendung derartiger Sonden zu erleichtern. In the use of such probes, it is of great importance that the probe is inserted with the correct length in the body, or introduced at the correct speed and / or pulled out. To indicate the respective insertion length known probes are sometimes provided with length markings. However, the speed of insertion / extraction is only properly controlled by the experience of the user. The invention has for its object to facilitate the use of such probes.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch einen Hochfrequenzgenerator zum An- schluss einer Sonde zum Einführen in Körpermedien gelöst. Die anzuschließende Sonde hat einen länglichen Schaft mit einem proximalen und einem distalen Ende und einem entlang des Schaftes verlaufenden elektrischen Leiter mit einem induktiven und einem kapazitiven Leitungsbelag, die einen jeweiligen örtlichen Wellenwiderstand des elektrischen Leiters bestimmen. Der Hochfrequenzgenerator weist einen Anschluss für eine jeweilige an den Hochfrequenzgenerator anzuschließende Sonde auf, der zusammen mit einem Anschluss einer jeweiligen Sonde dazu ausgebildet ist, ein elektrisches Signal in den elektrischen Leiter der Sonde einzuspeisen und reflektierte Signalanteile des elektrischen Signals aus dem elektrischen Leiter auszukoppeln. Außerdem weist der Hochfrequenzgenerator einen Messsignalgenerator und eine Auswerteeinheit auf, von denen der Messsignalgenerator ausgebildet ist, ein einer im Betrieb an den Hochfrequenzgenerator angeschlossenen Sonde zuzuführendes elektrisches Messsignal zu erzeugen und die Auswerteeinheit ausgebildet ist, von der im Betrieb an den Hochfrequenzgenerator angeschlossenen Sonde reflektierte Signalanteile des elektrischen Messsignals auszuwerten und ein Abstandssignal zu liefern, das den Ort am Schaft einer im Betrieb an den Hochfrequenzgenerator angeschlossenen Sonde identifiziert, an dem sich die Permittivität der unmittelbaren Umgebung entlang des Schaftes infolge eines Überganges zwischen den den Schaft umgebenden Medien ändert. According to the invention, this object is achieved by a high frequency generator for the connection of a probe for introduction into body media. The probe to be connected has an elongate shaft with a proximal and a distal end and an electrical conductor running along the shaft with an inductive and a capacitive line pad, which determine a respective local characteristic impedance of the electrical conductor. The high-frequency generator has a terminal for a respective probe to be connected to the high-frequency generator, which together with a terminal of a respective probe is designed to feed an electrical signal into the electrical conductor of the probe and to decouple reflected signal components of the electrical signal from the electrical conductor. In addition, the high-frequency generator has a measurement signal generator and an evaluation unit, of which the measurement signal generator is designed to generate an electrical measurement signal to be supplied to a probe connected to the high-frequency generator and the evaluation unit is designed to detect signal components of the sensor connected to the high-frequency generator during operation evaluate electrical measurement signal and provide a distance signal identifying the location on the shaft of a probe connected in operation to the radio frequency generator, at which the permittivity of the immediate environment along the shaft changes due to a transition between the media surrounding the shaft.
Außerdem wird zur Lösung der Aufgabe eine Sonde vorgeschlagen, die einen länglichen Schaft mit einem proximalen und einem distalen Ende und einem entlang des Schaftes verlaufenden elektrischen Leiter mit einem induktiven und einem kapazitiven Leitungsbe- lag aufweist, die einen jeweiligen örtlichen Wellenwiderstand des elektrischen Leiters bestimmen. Die Sonde weist einen Anschluss zum Einspeisen eines elektrischen Signals in den elektrischen Leiter und zum Auskoppeln reflektierter Signalanteile des elektrischen Signals aus dem elektrischen Leiter auf. In addition, a probe is proposed to achieve the object, which has an elongate shaft with a proximal and a distal end and an electrical conductor extending along the shaft with an inductive and a capacitive Leitungsbe lag, which determine a respective local characteristic impedance of the electrical conductor. The probe has a terminal for feeding an electrical signal into the electrical conductor and coupling out reflected signal components of the electrical signal from the electrical conductor.
Außerdem wird die Aufgabe durch ein System mit einer Sonde der genannten Art und einem Hochfrequenzgenerator der genannten Art gelöst, wobei die Sonde über den Anschluss mit dem Hochfrequenzgenerator verbunden ist, der Messsignalgenerator ausgebildet ist, ein über den Anschluss der Sonde zuzuführendes elektrisches Messsignal zu erzeugen und die Auswerteeinheit ausgebildet ist, von der Sonde über den Anschluss ausgekoppelte reflektierte Signalanteile des elektrischen Messsignals auszuwer- ten und ein Abstandssignal zu liefern, dass den Ort am Schaft identifiziert, an dem sich die Permittivität der unmittelbaren Umgebung entlang des Schaftes ändert. In addition, the object is achieved by a system with a probe of the type mentioned and a high-frequency generator of the type mentioned, wherein the probe is connected via the connection to the high-frequency generator, the measuring signal generator is designed to generate an over the connection of the probe to be supplied electrical measurement signal and the evaluation unit is designed to eject reflected signal components of the electrical measurement signal coupled out of the probe via the connection. and to provide a distance signal identifying the location on the shaft where the permittivity of the immediate environment changes along the shaft.
Ein derartiger Hochfrequenzgenerator und ein derartiges System bieten den Vorteil, dass eine Messung der Eindringtiefe einer angeschlossenen Sonde anstelle mittels aufge- druckter Markierungen oder zusätzlich dazu mittels eines elektrischen Messverfahrens erfolgen kann. Das Messverfahren basiert auf der sog.„Zeitbereichsreflektometrie" (engl.: „Time Domain Reflectometry",„TDR"). Hierzu wird am proximalen Ende der Sonde (z.B. im Handgriff oder im Stecker) ein hochfrequentes elektrisches Messsignal eingespeist. Das Messsignal breitet sich als elektromagnetische Welle entlang der elektrischen Leiter in der Sonde aus. Sofern die Leiter nicht gegen die Umwelt elektrisch abgeschirmt sind, kann man die elektrischen Leitungseigenschaften kapazitiv beeinflussen. Dadurch ändert sich an den beeinflussten Stellen der Wellenwiderstand der Leitung. Dies ist z.B. genau dann in erheblichem Umfang der Fall, wenn die Sonde im Körper steckt. Das eingespeiste Messsignal wird an denjenigen Stellen der Leitung, die einen geänderten Wellenwider- stand aufweisen, zum Teil reflektiert und nur zum Teil transmittiert. Hieraus ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Signallaufzeiten auf der Leitung charakteristische Spannungsverläufe am Eingang der Leitung. Solch ein Spannungsverlauf wird bei der erfindungsgemäßen Sondenanordnung messtechnisch durch eine Elektronik erfasst und ausgewertet. Anhand des zeitlichen Spannungsverlaufes ist es möglich, denjenigen Längenanteil der Sonde zu bestimmen, der sich bereits im Körper befindet. Da der Messwert dann in elektronischer Form vorliegt, ist es problemlos möglich, weitere Auswertungen durchzuführen wie beispielsweise die Berechnung der„Geschwindigkeit" des Herausziehens der Sonde aus dem Körper. Ebenfalls eignen sich die elektronisch vorliegenden Messwerte, um den Generator zu regeln oder akustische Ausgaben zu erzeugen. In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsvariante ist der Messsignalgenerator des Hochfrequenzgenerators ausgebildet, ein moduliertes Messsignal zu liefern und die Auswerteeinheit enthält vorzugsweise einen Phasendetektor. Auf diese Weise ist eine genaue Messung der Signallaufzeit durch Phasenvergleich möglich. Das Messsignal kann dann periodisch, z.B. sinusförmig moduliert sein und die Signallaufzeit kann durch Phasende- tektion genau bestimmt werden. Such a high-frequency generator and such a system offer the advantage that a measurement of the penetration depth of a connected probe instead of by means of printed markings or in addition can be done by means of an electrical measurement method. The measurement method is based on the so-called "Time Domain Reflectometry" ("TDR"), in which a high-frequency electrical measurement signal is fed in at the proximal end of the probe (eg in the handle or in the plug) If the conductors are not electrically shielded against the environment, one can influence the electrical conduction properties capacitively, which changes the characteristic impedance of the conduction at the affected points Scope of the case when the probe is inserted in the body The measured signal is partly reflected and only partly transmitted at the points of the line which have a changed characteristic impedance at the entrance of the pipe Voltage profile is detected and evaluated by the electronics in the probe assembly according to the invention by measurement. Based on the temporal voltage curve, it is possible to determine that portion of the length of the probe that is already in the body. Since the measured value is then in electronic form, it is easily possible to carry out further evaluations, such as calculating the "speed" of pulling the probe out of the body.Also, the electronically available measured values are suitable for regulating the generator or for issuing acoustic outputs In an advantageous embodiment, the measuring signal generator of the high-frequency generator is designed to deliver a modulated measuring signal and the evaluation unit preferably contains a phase detector the signal transit time can be precisely determined by phase detection.
Alternativ kann auch einfach die Laufzeit zwischen Aussenden eines kurzen Messimpulses als Messsignal und dem Auftreten einzelner (teil-)reflektierter Messimpulse bestimmt werden. Vorzugsweise enthält der Hochfrequenzgenerator zusätzlich einen Zirkulator, der angeordnet und ausgebildet ist, das Messsignal von dem Messsignalgenerator an eine Sonde zu leiten sowie in der Sonde reflektierte Signalanteile an die Auswerteeinheit zu leiten. Alternatively, it is also possible simply to determine the transit time between the emission of a short measuring pulse as a measuring signal and the occurrence of individual (partially) reflected measuring pulses. Preferably, the high-frequency generator additionally contains a circulator which is arranged and configured to conduct the measurement signal from the measurement signal generator to a probe and to guide signal components reflected in the probe to the evaluation unit.
Die Auswerteeinheit kann Teil einer Messelektronik oder eines CPU-Moduls sein. Vorzugsweise ist die Auswerteeinheit des Hochfrequenzgenerators ausgebildet, ein The evaluation unit can be part of a measuring electronics or a CPU module. Preferably, the evaluation unit of the high-frequency generator is formed
Referenz-Reflektionssignal aus reflektierten Signalanteilen des elektrischen Messsignals für die Sonde in Luft, umfassend Teilreflektionen durch die der Sonde, dem Kabel und dem Anschluss inhärenten Änderungen des Wellenwiderstands, mit einem - jeweiligen aktuellen Reflektionssignal aus reflektierten Signalanteilen des elektrischen Messsignals für die Sonde in einem zum Teil in ein Lumen eingeführten Zustand zu vergleichen, so dass diejenige Reflektion, die am Ort des Übergangs von einem ersten zu einem zweiten den Schaft umgebenden Material auftritt, durch den Vergleich identifi- ziert werden kann. Reference reflection signal from reflected signal components of the electrical measurement signal for the probe in air, comprising partial reflections by the changes of the characteristic impedance inherent in the probe, the cable and the connection, with a respective current reflection signal from reflected signal components of the electrical measurement signal for the probe in a Compare part in a lumen introduced state, so that the reflection that occurs at the location of the transition from a first to a second material surrounding the shaft, can be identified by the comparison.
Gemäß dieser Ausführungsvariante enthält das Referenz-Reflektionssignal Teilreflektionen des Messsignals, die durch die der Sonde, dem Kabel, dem Anschluss etc. inhärenten Änderungen des Wellenwiderstands hervorgerufen und somit systemimmanent bzw. sonden-inhärent sind, so dass die Reflektion am Ort des Übergangs von Luft zu Gewebe (bei ins Körpergewebe eingeführter Sonde) als weitere Reflektion innerhalb eines aktuellen Reflektionssignals identifiziert werden kann. According to this embodiment variant, the reference reflection signal contains partial reflections of the measurement signal, which are caused by the changes in the characteristic impedance inherent in the probe, the cable, the connection and are thus intrinsic to the system, so that the reflection at the location of the transition of air to tissue (when introduced into the body tissue probe) can be identified as a further reflection within a current reflection signal.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsvariante des Hochfrequenzgenerators ist der Messsignalgenerator ausgebildet, ein hochfrequentes, ggf. zusätzlich moduliertes Messsignal zu liefern. Die Auswerteeinheit kann zusätzlich ausgebildet sein mit Hilfe einer Änderung des durch das Abstandssignal bestimmten Ortes eine Geschwindigkeit der Sonde in Schaftlängsrichtung zu bestimmen. Insbesondere kann die Auswerteeinheit ausgebildet sein, die Änderung eines jeweils detektierten Ortes einer Reflektion des Messsignals am Übergang zwischen den Schaft umgebenden Medien über die Zeit zu erfassen, um auf diese Weise eine Geschwindigkeit der Sonde in Schaftlängsrichtung zu bestimmen. Diese Geschwindigkeit der Sonde in Schaftlängsrichtung entspricht z.B. der Geschwindigkeit, mit der die Sonde in einen Körper eingeführt oder auf diesem herausgezogen wird. In a further preferred embodiment of the high-frequency generator, the measuring signal generator is designed to deliver a high-frequency, optionally additionally modulated, measuring signal. The evaluation unit can additionally be designed with the aid of a change in the location determined by the distance signal to determine a speed of the probe in the longitudinal direction of the shaft. In particular, the evaluation unit can be designed to detect the change in a respectively detected location of a reflection of the measurement signal at the transition between the shaft surrounding media over time, in order to determine a speed of the probe in the shaft longitudinal direction in this way. This speed of the probe in the longitudinal direction of the shaft corresponds, for example, to the speed with which the probe is inserted into or pulled out of a body.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsvariante weist der Hochfrequenzgenerator eine Steuereinheit auf. Die Steuereinheit ist ausgebildet, den Messsignalgenerator in Abhängigkeit des Abstandssignals zu steuern, beispielsweise indem die Amplitude und/oder eine Frequenz des Messsignals angepasst wird. Hierdurch kann ein elektrisches Messsignal mit einer geringen Amplitude eingespeist werden, welche während des Betriebs erhöht und somit individuell auf den Betrieb in bestimmten Lumina angepasst werden kann. In a preferred embodiment, the high-frequency generator has a control unit. The control unit is designed to control the measuring signal generator as a function of the distance signal, for example by adjusting the amplitude and / or a frequency of the measuring signal. In this way, an electrical measurement signal with a low amplitude can be fed, which can be increased during operation and thus individually adapted to the operation in certain lumens.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante weist der Hochfrequenzgenerator eine Benutzerschnittstelle auf. Die Benutzerschnittstelle ist ausgebildet, einem Benutzer des Hochfre- quenzgenerators das von der Auswerteeinheit gelieferte Abstandssignal oder ein davon abgeleitetes Signal optisch und/oder akustisch darzubieten. Beispielsweise kann ein Audiosignal dargeboten werden, wenn der längliche Schaft der Sonde zu tief in ein Lumen eindringt. Hierfür kann mit Hilfe der Benutzerschnittstelle ein vorbestimmter Abstandswert eingegeben werden. Ergibt sich aus dem Abstandssignal, dass dieser Ab- standswert erreicht ist, wird in diesem Fall das Audiosignal ausgelöst, so dass dieses als Warnsignal für den Benutzer dienen kann. In a further embodiment variant, the high-frequency generator has a user interface. The user interface is designed to optically and / or acoustically present to a user of the high-frequency generator the distance signal delivered by the evaluation unit or a signal derived therefrom. For example, an audio signal may be presented when the elongate shaft of the probe penetrates too deep into a lumen. For this purpose, a predetermined distance value can be entered with the aid of the user interface. If it results from the distance signal that this distance value has been reached, the audio signal is triggered in this case so that it can serve as a warning signal for the user.
Die Auswerteeinheit kann auch ausgebildet sein, einen zeitlichen Verlauf der von den ausgekoppelten reflektierten Signalanteilen des elektrischen Messsignals resultierenden Spannungen und/oder Strömen zu erfassen und auszuwerten. In einer Ausführungsvariante weist der Hochfrequenzgenerator einen Hochfrequenz- Arbeitsgenerator auf. Dieser Hochfrequenz-Arbeitsgenerator ist ausgebildet, ein über den Anschluss der Sonde zuzuführendes elektrisches Arbeitssignal zu erzeugen. Das Arbeitssignal ist beispielsweise dafür vorgesehen, die zum Schneiden oder Koagulieren von Gewebe notwendige Energie an das distale Ende des Schaftes zu liefern. Das Arbeits- signal kann parallel zum Messsignal in den elektrischen Leitern des länglichen Schaftes bereitgestellt werden. Bevorzugt sind die Signale voneinander abgeschirmt, so dass sie sich nicht gegenseitig beeinflussen. Wenn der Hochfrequenzgenerator außerdem eine Steuereinheit aufweist, die ausgebildet ist, den Hochfrequenz-Arbeitsgenerator in Abhängigkeit des Abstandssignals zu steuern, kann die Abgabe von Energie an umliegendes Gewebe automatisch in Abhängigkeit davon gesteuert werden, wie weit die Sonde in einen Körper eingeführt ist oder wie schnell sie in Längsrichtung bewegt wird. The evaluation unit can also be designed to detect and evaluate a time profile of the voltages and / or currents resulting from the coupled-out reflected signal components of the electrical measurement signal. In one embodiment variant, the high-frequency generator has a high-frequency generator. This high-frequency power generator is designed to generate an electrical working signal to be supplied via the connection of the probe. The working signal is intended, for example, to supply the energy necessary for cutting or coagulating tissue to the distal end of the shaft. The working signal can be provided parallel to the measuring signal in the electrical conductors of the elongated shaft. Preferably, the signals are shielded from each other so that they do not interfere with each other. In addition, when the high frequency generator has a control unit configured to control the high frequency working generator in response to the distance signal, the output of energy to surrounding tissue can be automatically controlled depending on how far the probe is inserted into a body or how fast she is moved in the longitudinal direction.
In Bezug auf die Sonde ist es bevorzugt, wenn der längliche Schaft der Sonde flexibel ist, so dass er beispielsweise entlang von Blutgefäßen wie Venen oder anderen Körperlumina eingeführt werden kann. With respect to the probe, it is preferred that the elongated shaft of the probe be flexible so that it can be inserted, for example, along blood vessels such as veins or other body lumens.
Außerdem weist die Sonde vorzugsweise ein Anschlusskabel auf, das elektrisch mit dem entlang des Schaftes verlaufenden elektrischen Leiter verbunden ist, wobei der elektrische Leiter und das Anschlusskabel einen Wellenleiter für Messsignale bilden und die Wellenwiderstände des entlang des Schaftes verlaufenden elektrischen Leiters, des Anschlusskabels sowie die Verbindung zwischen beiden aufeinander abgestimmt sind. In addition, the probe preferably has a connecting cable which is electrically connected to the electrical conductor running along the shaft, wherein the electrical conductor and the connecting cable form a waveguide for measuring signals and the characteristic impedance of the along the shaft extending electrical conductor, the connecting cable and the connection between the two are coordinated.
Diese Abstimmung kann so sein, dass sich der Wellenwiderstand entlang des Anschluss- kabels und des entlang des Schaftes verlaufenden elektrischen Leiters nicht oder nur unwesentlich ändert. Auf diese Weise können systemimmanente, der Sonde inhärente Reflektionen des Messsignals verhindert oder vermindert werden, so dass die Reflektion infolge unterschiedlicher elektrischer Eigenschaften verschiedener den Schaft der Sonde umgebender Medien wie z.B. Luft und Körpergewebe oder Körperflüssigkeit nicht durch systemimmanente Reflektion kaschiert, verdeckt oder maskiert werden. This coordination can be such that the characteristic impedance does not change or only insignificantly changes along the connecting cable and the electrical conductor running along the shaft. In this way, system-inherent reflections of the measurement signal inherent to the probe can be prevented or reduced so that the reflection due to different electrical characteristics of various media surrounding the probe shaft such as e.g. Air and body tissue or body fluid are not concealed, obscured or masked by systemic reflection.
Alternativ kann der Wellenwiderstand des Anschlusskabels einen vorbestimmten Wellenwiderstandsunterschied gegenüber dem länglichen Schaft aufweisen. Dadurch kann eine definierte der Sonde inhärente Reflektion des Messsignals am proximalen Ende des Schaftes hervorgerufen werden, die zusammen mit einer Reflektion des Messsignals an einem Übergang zwischen den den Schaft umgebenden Medien ausgewertet und als Referenz genutzt werden kann. Alternatively, the characteristic impedance of the connecting cable may have a predetermined characteristic impedance difference with respect to the elongate shaft. As a result, a defined reflection of the measurement signal inherent in the probe at the proximal end of the shaft can be produced, which, together with a reflection of the measurement signal, can be evaluated at a transition between the media surrounding the shaft and used as a reference.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der elektrische Leiter entlang des Schaftes am distalen Ende mit einer Impedanz, z.B. in Form eines Abschlusswiderstands abgeschlossen sein, deren bzw. dessen Wert dem Wellenwiderstand des Leiters entspricht, so dass es zu keiner (Teil-)Reflektion des Messsignals am distalen Ende des Leiters kommt. Alternatively or additionally, the electrical conductor may be routed along the shaft at the distal end with an impedance, e.g. be completed in the form of a terminating resistor whose value corresponds to the characteristic impedance of the conductor, so that there is no (partial) reflection of the measuring signal at the distal end of the conductor.
Um alternativ am distalen Ende des Leiters eine Reflektion des Messsignals hervorzurufen, die als Referenz für die Auswertung der an einem Übergang zwischen den den Schaft umgebenden Medien auftretenden Reflektion genutzt werden kann, kann der elektrische Leiter an seinem distalen Ende auch kurzgeschlossen oder offen (entsprechend einem unendlichen Abschlusswiderstand) sein. Alternatively, at the distal end of the conductor to cause a reflection of the measurement signal, which is used as a reference for the evaluation of the at a transition between the Shaft surrounding media occurring reflection can be used, the electrical conductor at its distal end may also be shorted or open (corresponding to an infinite terminating resistor).
Vorzugsweise weist die Sonde zwei elektrische Leiter auf, die ausgebildet sind, parallel zu einem elektrischen Arbeitssignal ein elektrisches Messsignal zu führen. Preferably, the probe has two electrical conductors which are designed to conduct an electrical measurement signal parallel to an electrical operating signal.
Alternativ kann die Sonde drei elektrische Leiter aufweisen, von denen zwei ausgebildet sind, ein elektrisches Arbeitssignal zu führen und von denen der dritte elektrische Leiter ausgebildet ist, ein elektrisches Messsignal zu führen. Alternatively, the probe may include three electrical conductors, two of which are configured to carry an electrical working signal and of which the third electrical conductor is configured to carry an electrical measurement signal.
In beiden Fällen ist der Abstand zwischen den jeweiligen elektrischen Leitern wenigstens annähernd konstant und auch die Permittivität eines Isolationsmaterials der elektrischen Leiter ist über die gesamte Länge der elektrischen Leiter wenigstens annähernd gleich. In both cases, the distance between the respective electrical conductors is at least approximately constant and also the permittivity of an insulating material of the electrical conductors is at least approximately the same over the entire length of the electrical conductors.
Weitere Erfindungsaspekte betreffen ein Verfahren zum Bestimmen der Eindringtiefe einer Sonde in ein Medium mit einer anderen Permittivität als Luft. Further aspects of the invention relate to a method for determining the penetration depth of a probe into a medium having a different permittivity than air.
Ein Verfahren zum Bestimmen der Eindringtiefe einer Sonde in ein Medium mit einer anderen Permittivität als Luft, zeichnet sich durch die folgenden Verfahrensschritte aus: A method for determining the penetration depth of a probe into a medium having a different permittivity than air is characterized by the following method steps:
Generieren eines Messsignals, Generating a measuring signal,
Zuführen des Messsignals zu einem Leiter entlang einer Sonde, Supplying the measurement signal to a conductor along a probe,
Empfangen eines reflektierten oder teilreflektierten Messsignalanteils, Receiving a reflected or partially reflected measurement signal component,
Bestimmen der Laufzeit des Messsignals zwischen dem Einleiten des Messsignals in die Sonde und dem Empfang des reflektierten oder teilreflektierten Messsignals, Determining the transit time of the measurement signal between the introduction of the measurement signal into the probe and the reception of the reflected or partially reflected measurement signal,
Bestimmen der Eindringtiefe aus der Laufzeit. Determine the penetration depth from the runtime.
Vorzugsweise wird die Laufzeit bestimmt, indem ein Anteil des Messsignals selbst als Referenzsignal mit dem reflektierten oder teilreflektierten Messsignalanteil verglichen und eine Zeit- bzw. Phasenverschiebung zwischen dem Referenzsignal und dem reflektierten Signal ermittelt wird. Die Erfindung soll nun anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels mit Bezug auf die Figuren näher erläutert werden. Diese zeigen in Preferably, the transit time is determined by comparing a portion of the measurement signal itself as a reference signal with the reflected or partially reflected measurement signal component and determining a time or phase shift between the reference signal and the reflected signal. The invention will now be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the figures. These show in
Fig. 1 : eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems mit einem Fig. 1: a schematic representation of a system according to the invention with a
Hochfrequenzgenerator und daran angeschlossener Sonde; und Fig. 2: eine schematische Detailansicht eines distalen Endes des Schaftes der High frequency generator and probe connected thereto; and FIG. 2 is a schematic detail view of a distal end of the shaft of FIG
Sonde. Probe.
In Figur 1 ist ein System 100 gezeigt, die eine Sonde 10 und einen Hochfrequenzgenerator 12 umfasst, die über ein Anschlusskabel 14 elektrisch miteinander verbunden sind. Die Sonde 10 besitzt einen flexiblen Schaft 16, der dazu ausgebildet ist, in Körpergewebe oder in Körperlumina eingeführt zu werden. Der Schaft 16 besitzt ein distales Ende 16.1 und ein proximales Ende 16.2. Am proximalen Ende 16.2 des Schaftes ist ein Handgriff 18 vorgesehen. Das Anschlusskabel 14 ist über eine Steckverbindung 20 mit dem Hochfrequenzgenerator 12 verbunden. FIG. 1 shows a system 100 which comprises a probe 10 and a high-frequency generator 12, which are electrically connected to one another via a connection cable 14. The probe 10 has a flexible shaft 16 which is adapted to be inserted into body tissue or body lumens. The shaft 16 has a distal end 16.1 and a proximal end 16.2. At the proximal end 16.2 of the shaft, a handle 18 is provided. The connecting cable 14 is connected via a plug connection 20 with the high-frequency generator 12.
Der Hochfrequenzgenerator 12 umfasst einen Hochfrequenz-Arbeitsgenerator 22, der ein elektrisches Arbeitssignal liefert, das über die Steckverbindung 20 und das Anschlusskabel 14 der Sonde 10 zugeführt wird und beispielsweise dem Koagulieren oder auch Schneiden von Gewebe dienen kann. Dazu kann die Sonde 10 entsprechende Elektroden aufweisen (siehe Fig. 2). Außerdem umfasst der Hochfrequenzgenerator 12 einen Messsignalgenerator 24, der im Betrieb ein Messsignal generiert, und der ebenfalls über die Steckverbindung 20 in das Anschlusskabel 14 mit der Sonde 10 verbunden ist. Außerdem ist eine Auswerteeinrichtung vorgesehen, die eine Messelektronik 26 und ein CPU-Modul 28 umfasst. Das CPU-Modul 28 generiert aus einem von der Messelektronik 26 gelieferten Signal ein Abstandssignal und gibt dieses an eine Benutzerschnittstelle 30 aus. Das CPU Modul 28 verwirklicht außerdem eine Steuereinheit 58 zum Steuern des Messsignalgenerators 24 und eine Steuereinheit 56 zum Steuern des Hochfrequenz- Arbeitsgenerators 22. Damit ist es möglich, das von dem CPU-Modul 28 generierte Abstandssignal auch zum Bilden jeweils eines Steuersignals für den Messsignalgenerator 24 und den Hochfrequenz-Arbeitsgenerator 22 zu nutzen. Fig. 2 zeigt in einer schematischen Detailansicht einen distalen Abschnitt des Schaftes 16. Der Schaft 16 besitzt eine flexible Hülle 32 und weist an seinem distalen Ende eine Spitzenelektrode 34 sowie eine Ringelektrode 36 auf. Über die Spitzenelektrode 34 und die Ringelektrode 36 kann ein hochfrequentes Arbeitssignal an umgebendes Körpergewebe abgegeben werden. Dieses hochfrequente Arbeitssignal wird den Elektroden 34 und 36 über jeweils eine elektrische Arbeitssignalleitung 38 bzw. 40 zugeführt. Die Arbeitssignalleitungen 38 und 40 sind über das Anschlusskabel 14 mit dem Hochfrequenz- Arbeitsgenerator 22 verbunden. Auf diese Weise ergibt sich eine bipolare Sonde 16, wie sie für sich genommen bekannt ist. Außerdem vorgesehen sind zwei weitere elektrische Leiter 42 und 44, die entlang des Schaftes 16 verlaufen und einen Wellenleiter für ein von dem Messsignalgenerator 24 erzeugtes Messsignal darstellen. Dieses Messsignal kann von dem Messsignalgenerator 24 erzeugt und über die Steckverbindung 20 in das An- schlusskabel 14 eingespeist und über dieses Anschlusskabel 14 den elektrischen Leitern 42 und 44 zugeführt werden. Die elektrischen Leiter 42 und 44 sind an ihrem distalen Ende mit einem Abschlusswiderstand 46 abgeschlossen, dessen Impedanzwert dem Wellenwiderstand der von den beiden elektrischen Leitern 42 und 44 gebildeten Leitung entspricht. Der Abschlusswiderstand 46 bewirkt, dass das von dem Messsignalgenerator 24 generierte Messsignal nicht am distalen Ende der elektrischen Leiter 42 und 44 reflektiert, sondern dort in dem Abschlusswiderstand dissipiert wird, so dass Reflektionen des Messsignals dort auftreten, wo sich der Wellenwiderstand der von den elektrischen Leitern 42 und 44 gebildeten Leitung ändert. The high-frequency generator 12 comprises a high-frequency power generator 22 which supplies an electrical working signal, which is supplied via the connector 20 and the connecting cable 14 of the probe 10 and can serve, for example, the coagulation or cutting tissue. For this purpose, the probe 10 may have corresponding electrodes (see FIG. 2). In addition, the high-frequency generator 12 comprises a measuring signal generator 24, which generates a measuring signal during operation, and which is likewise connected via the plug connection 20 in the connection cable 14 with the probe 10. In addition, an evaluation device is provided which comprises a measuring electronics 26 and a CPU module 28. The CPU module 28 generates a distance signal from a signal supplied by the measuring electronics 26 and outputs this to a user interface 30. The CPU module 28 also implements a control unit 58 for controlling the measurement signal generator 24 and a control unit 56 for controlling the high-frequency power generator 22. Thus, it is possible for the distance signal generated by the CPU module 28 to also form a control signal for the measurement signal generator 24 and the high-frequency power generator 22 to use. FIG. 2 shows a schematic detail view of a distal section of the shaft 16. The shaft 16 has a flexible shell 32 and has at its distal end a tip electrode 34 and a ring electrode 36. About the tip electrode 34 and the ring electrode 36 can deliver a high frequency working signal to surrounding body tissue. This high-frequency operating signal is supplied to the electrodes 34 and 36 via an electrical operating signal line 38 and 40, respectively. The working signal lines 38 and 40 are connected via the connecting cable 14 with the high frequency working generator 22. In this way results in a bipolar probe 16, as it is known per se. Also provided are two further electrical conductors 42 and 44 which extend along the shaft 16 and constitute a waveguide for a measurement signal generated by the measurement signal generator 24. This measuring signal can be generated by the measuring signal generator 24 and fed via the connector 20 in the connection cable 14 and the electrical conductors 42 and 44 are supplied via this connecting cable 14. The electrical conductors 42 and 44 are terminated at their distal end with a terminating resistor 46 whose impedance value corresponds to the characteristic impedance of the line formed by the two electrical conductors 42 and 44. The termination resistor 46 causes the measurement signal generated by the measurement signal generator 24 is not reflected at the distal end of the electrical conductors 42 and 44, but there is dissipated in the terminating resistor, so that reflections of the measurement signal occur where the characteristic impedance of the electrical conductors 42 and 44 formed line changes.
Das System 100 umfasst mithin ein Messsystem zur Ermittlung der Eindringtiefe der Sonde in z.B. Köpergewebe. Dass Messsystem ist in den Hochfrequenz-Generator 12 integriert und hat als Bestandteile den Messsignalgenerator 24 und die Messelektronik 26 sowie das CPU-Modul 28. Der Messsignalgenerator 24 ist an die Leiter im Anschlusskabel angeschlossen und speist hochfrequente Messsignale in die von den entlang des Schaftes 16 verlaufenden elektrischen Leitern 42 und 44 gebildeten Leitung ein. Die Messelektronik misst den zeitlichen Verlauf der Spannung und/oder der Ströme am Leitungseingang in der Nähe der Steckverbindung 20. Insbesondere werden hierbei die eingespeisten hochfrequenten Messsignale des Messsignalgenerators ausgewertet, nicht jedoch die HF-Ströme des Arbeitssignals, das zur Behandlung des Gewebes dient. Die Messwerte, z.B. ein Kurvenverlauf, werden entweder in der Messelektronik 26 oder im CPU-Modul 28 des Hochfrequenzgenerators 12 ausgewertet. Dementsprechend kann der Arbeitsgenerator 22 basierend auf den Auswertungen geregelt werden und/oder der Benutzer über die Benutzerschnittstelle 30 akustisch und/oder optisch informiert werden. The system 100 thus comprises a measuring system for determining the penetration depth of the probe in e.g. Twill fabric. The measuring system is integrated in the high-frequency generator 12 and has as components the measuring signal generator 24 and the measuring electronics 26 and the CPU module 28. The measuring signal generator 24 is connected to the conductors in the connecting cable and feeds high-frequency measuring signals into those of the along the shaft 16 extending electrical conductors 42 and 44 formed line. The measuring electronics measures the time profile of the voltage and / or the currents at the line input in the vicinity of the connector 20. In particular, the high-frequency measuring signals of the measuring signal generator are evaluated, but not the HF currents of the working signal, which is used to treat the tissue. The measured values, e.g. a curve, are evaluated either in the measuring electronics 26 or in the CPU module 28 of the high-frequency generator 12. Accordingly, the work generator 22 may be controlled based on the evaluations and / or the user may be acoustically and / or optically informed via the user interface 30.
Gemäß der in Fig. 1 dargestellten bevorzugten Ausführungsvariante werden das Arbeitssignal vom Hochfrequenz-Arbeitsgenerator 22 und das Messsignal von dem Messsignal- generator 24 über einen Zirkulator 50 an die Steckverbindung 20 geleitet. In der Sonde 10 reflektierte Signale werden durch den Zirkulator 50 durch einen Sperrfilter 52 an die Messelektronik 26 geleitet. Der Sperrfilter 52 filtert unerwünschte Anteile des Hochfrequenz-Arbeitssignals aus dem reflektierten Signal aus. Vorzugsweise wird ein Anteil des Messsignals vom Messsignalgenerator 24 als Referenzsignal über einen Abschwächer 54 ebenfalls an die Messelektronik 26 geleitet. Aus der Zeit- bzw. Phasenverschiebung zwischen dem Referenzsignal und dem reflektierten Signal ermittelt die Messelektronik 26 die Eindringtiefe der Sonde 10 in den Körper des Patienten. According to the preferred embodiment variant shown in FIG. 1, the operating signal from the high-frequency power generator 22 and the measuring signal from the measuring signal generator 24 are conducted via a circulator 50 to the plug connection 20. Signals reflected in the probe 10 are transmitted through the circulator 50 through a notch filter 52 to the Measuring electronics 26 passed. The notch filter 52 filters out unwanted portions of the radio frequency working signal from the reflected signal. Preferably, a portion of the measurement signal from the measurement signal generator 24 is also passed as a reference signal via an attenuator 54 to the measurement electronics 26. From the time or phase shift between the reference signal and the reflected signal, the measuring electronics 26 determines the penetration depth of the probe 10 into the body of the patient.
Die Steckverbindung 20, das Anschlusskabel 14 und die flexible Sonde 10 bilden einen Wellenleiter für das eingespeiste hochfrequente Messsignal. Es ist vorteilhaft, wenn die charakteristischen Wellenwiderstände der einzelnen Komponenten aufeinander abgestimmt sind und z.B. wenigstens annähernd identisch sind. Dies ermöglicht eine bestmögliche Signalübertragung ohne störende Teilreflektionen. Kleine Änderungen oder Abweichungen des Wellenwiderstands sind technisch handhabbar, jedoch bereiten große Unterschiede in den Wellenwiderständen messtechnische Schwierigkeiten. Vorteilhaft kann es jedoch sein, einen definierten und gezielten Unterschied im Wellenwiderstand des Anschlusskabels 14 und der flexiblen Sonde 10 zu haben. Hierdurch kann später im Messsignal während der Auswertung leichter der exakte Beginn der Sonde, insbesondere das proximale Ende 16.2 des Schaftes 16 erkannt werden. Dies ermöglicht ggf. auch eine freie Wahl der Länge des Anschlusskabels 14 ohne die Auswertung zu beeinträchtigen. Bei bekannten Sonden werden nur zwei elektrische Leiter im Schaft der Sonde bis nach vorne zur Spitze (dem distalen Ende) geführt. Hinzu kommt ein elektrisch kontaktierter Edelstahldraht als Sicherheitsdraht. Es ist möglich, diese beiden beim Stand der Technik bereits vorhandenen elektrischen Leiter auch zur Messung zu verwenden. Der Messsignalgenerator 24 ist dann dazu ausgebildet, das hochfrequente Messsignal parallel zum Arbeitsstrom einzuspeisen. Die Messelektronik 26 ist wiederum ausgebildet, die hochfrequenten Messsignale von den Signalen des Arbeitsstromes zu unterscheiden. The connector 20, the connecting cable 14 and the flexible probe 10 form a waveguide for the fed high-frequency measurement signal. It is advantageous if the characteristic characteristic impedances of the individual components are matched to one another, and e.g. at least approximately identical. This allows the best possible signal transmission without disturbing partial reflections. Small changes or deviations of the characteristic impedance are technically manageable, but large differences in the characteristic impedances cause metrological difficulties. However, it may be advantageous to have a defined and targeted difference in the characteristic impedance of the connection cable 14 and the flexible probe 10. As a result, the exact beginning of the probe, in particular the proximal end 16.2 of the shaft 16, can be detected more easily later in the measurement signal during the evaluation. This possibly also allows a free choice of the length of the connection cable 14 without affecting the evaluation. In known probes, only two electrical conductors in the shaft of the probe are led forward to the tip (the distal end). There is also an electrically contacted stainless steel wire as a safety wire. It is possible to use these two existing in the prior art electrical conductors for measurement. The measuring signal generator 24 is then designed to feed the high-frequency measuring signal parallel to the working current. The measuring electronics 26 are in turn designed to distinguish the high-frequency measuring signals from the signals of the working current.
Alternativ ist es denkbar, wenigstens einen zusätzlichen elektrischen Leiter als Messleiter einzubauen. Dieser ermöglicht dann eine vereinfachte Einspeisung und Messung des Hochfrequenz-Messsignals unabhängig vom Arbeitsstrom. Ein weiterer technischer Vorteil eines zusätzlichen elektrischen Leiters ist der definierte elektrische Abschluss dieses Leiters mit bekanntem Abschlusswiderstand, z.B. einem offenen Leiterende. Dies vereinfacht die Auswertung des Messsignals. In allen oben genannten Fällen ist es wünschenswert, dass der Wellenwiderstand entlang der Leitung möglichst konstant ist. Dies erfordert eine definierte und fixe Geometrie der Leiter. Insbesondere der Abstand der Leiter 42 und 44 untereinander soll möglichst konstant sein. Ist der Abstand nicht konstant, so treten Teilreflektionen entlang der Lei- tung auf. Diese erschweren die Auswertung des Messsignals. Gleiches gilt für die Beschaffenheit des Mantelmaterials. Es ist vorteilhaft, wenn insbesondere die Permittivität des Mantelmaterials/Isolationsmaterials über die gesamte Länge des Schaftes gleich ist. Alternatively, it is conceivable to install at least one additional electrical conductor as a measuring conductor. This then allows a simplified feed and measurement of the high-frequency measurement signal regardless of the working current. Another technical advantage of an additional electrical conductor is the defined electrical termination of this conductor with a known terminating resistor, eg an open conductor end. This simplifies the evaluation of the measurement signal. In all cases mentioned above, it is desirable that the characteristic impedance along the line is as constant as possible. This requires a defined and fixed geometry of the ladder. In particular, the distance between the conductors 42 and 44 with each other should be as constant as possible. If the distance is not constant, partial reflections occur along the line. These complicate the evaluation of the measurement signal. The same applies to the nature of the jacket material. It is advantageous if, in particular, the permittivity of the jacket material / insulation material is the same over the entire length of the shaft.
Der Messeffekt beruht auf einer Änderung des Wellenwiderstandes des elektrischen Leiters 42 oder 44 entlang des Schaftes 16 der Sonde 10, wenn der Schaft 16 über einen Teil seiner Länge in den menschlichen Körper eingebracht wird. Das den Schaft 16 umgebende Gewebe hat aufgrund des hohen Wasseranteils eine entsprechend hohe relative Permittivität (ca. 80). Wenn die Leiter 42 und 44 im Inneren des Schaftes 16 nicht elektrisch gegen die Umwelt geschirmt sind, also kein Koaxkabel oder ähnliches vorgesehen ist, dann dringt das elektrische Streufeld des wenigstens einen Leiters in das den Schaft 16 umgebende Gewebe ein. Aufgrund der hohen relativen Permittivität des Gewebes erhöht sich hierdurch der kapazitive Leitungsbelag des Leiters 42 bzw. 44. Der Wellenwiderstand ändert sich entsprechend. Diese sprunghafte Änderung des Wellenwiderstandes führt dazu, dass das eingespeiste Messsignal am Ort der Änderung wenigstens teilweise reflektiert wird. Aufgrund dieser Tatsache kann der Längenanteil des Schaftes 16 bestimmt werden, der sich bereits im Körper befindet. Zur exakten Bestimmung des Längenanteils wird die Signallaufzeit zwischen Aussenden des Messsignals und Eintreffen des am Ort der Änderung des Wellenwiderstands reflektierten Messsignals ausgewertet. Die Signallaufzeit kann durch direktes Bestimmen einer Impulslaufzeit oder durch Phasendetektion bestimmt werden. Letzteres setzt ein moduliertes Messsignal voraus. The measuring effect is due to a change in the characteristic impedance of the electrical conductor 42 or 44 along the shaft 16 of the probe 10 when the shaft 16 is introduced over part of its length into the human body. The tissue surrounding the shaft 16 has a correspondingly high relative permittivity (about 80) due to the high water content. If the conductors 42 and 44 inside the shaft 16 are not electrically shielded from the environment, so no coax cable or the like is provided, then penetrates the electrical stray field of at least one conductor in the surrounding the shaft 16 tissue. Due to the high relative permittivity of the fabric, this increases the capacitive conduction of the conductor 42 or 44. The characteristic impedance changes accordingly. This sudden change in the characteristic impedance causes the injected measuring signal to be at least partially reflected at the location of the change. Due to this fact, the length of the shaft 16 can be determined, which is already in the body. For exact determination of the length component, the signal propagation time between emission of the measurement signal and arrival of the measurement signal reflected at the location of the change of the characteristic impedance is evaluated. The signal transit time can be determined by directly determining a pulse transit time or by phase detection. The latter requires a modulated measurement signal.
Bezugszeichenliste LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
10 Sonde 10 probe
12 Hochfrequenzgenerator 12 high frequency generator
14 Anschlusskabel 14 connection cable
16 Flexibler Schaft 16 Flexible shaft
16.1 Distales Ende 16.1 Distal end
16.2 Proximales Ende 16.2 Proximal end
18 Handgriff 18 handle
20 Steckverbindung 20 plug connection
22 Hochfrequenz-Arbeitsgenerator 22 high-frequency generator
24 Messsignalgenerator 24 measuring signal generator
26 Messelektronik 26 measuring electronics
28 CPU-Modul 28 CPU module
30 Benutzerschnittstelle 30 user interface
32 Flexible Hülle 32 Flexible case
34 Spitzenelektrode 34 tip electrode
36 Ringelektrode 36 ring electrode
38, 40 Arbeitssignalleitung 38, 40 working signal line
42, 44 Elektrischer Leiter 42, 44 Electric conductor
46 Abschlusswiderstand 46 terminator
50 Zirkulator 50 circulator
52 Sperrfilter 52 blocking filter
54 Abschwächer 54 attenuator
56 Steuereinheit zum Steuern des Hochfrequenz-Arbeitsgenerators 22 56 control unit for controlling the high-frequency power generator 22nd
58 Steuereinheit zum Steuern des Messsignalgenerators 24 58 control unit for controlling the measurement signal generator 24th
100 System 100 system
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP15797320.7A EP3220840A1 (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2015-11-18 | Radiofrequency generator for connecting a probe for insertion into body media |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014223558.8 | 2014-11-18 | ||
| DE102014223558.8A DE102014223558A1 (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2014-11-18 | High frequency generator for connecting a probe for insertion in body media |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2016079207A1 true WO2016079207A1 (en) | 2016-05-26 |
Family
ID=54601781
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2015/077022 Ceased WO2016079207A1 (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2015-11-18 | Radiofrequency generator for connecting a probe for insertion into body media |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3220840A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102014223558A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2016079207A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016213520A1 (en) | 2016-07-22 | 2018-01-25 | Olympus Winter & Ibe Gmbh | An electrosurgical applicator, generator, and electrosurgical system, and methods of operating an applicator, generator, and / or system and method of inserting an applicator into a body lumen |
| CN113288410B (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2022-09-30 | 昆山雷盛医疗科技有限公司 | Cavity organ radio frequency thermal ablation system |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5361776A (en) * | 1993-08-06 | 1994-11-08 | Telectronics Pacing Systems, Inc. | Time domain reflectometer impedance sensor method of use and implantable cardiac stimulator using same |
| US20030088186A1 (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2003-05-08 | Doody Michael C. | Probe penetration detector and method of operation |
| US20080039914A1 (en) * | 2000-11-24 | 2008-02-14 | Nervonix, Inc. | Needle with depth determination capability and method of use |
| US20100094271A1 (en) * | 2008-10-10 | 2010-04-15 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Apparatus, System and Method for Monitoring Tissue During an Electrosurgical Procedure |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7137980B2 (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2006-11-21 | Sherwood Services Ag | Method and system for controlling output of RF medical generator |
| GB0704650D0 (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2007-04-18 | Medical Device Innovations Ltd | Tissue classifying apparatus |
| US9375249B2 (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2016-06-28 | Covidien Lp | System and method for directing energy to tissue |
-
2014
- 2014-11-18 DE DE102014223558.8A patent/DE102014223558A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2015
- 2015-11-18 WO PCT/EP2015/077022 patent/WO2016079207A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2015-11-18 EP EP15797320.7A patent/EP3220840A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5361776A (en) * | 1993-08-06 | 1994-11-08 | Telectronics Pacing Systems, Inc. | Time domain reflectometer impedance sensor method of use and implantable cardiac stimulator using same |
| US20080039914A1 (en) * | 2000-11-24 | 2008-02-14 | Nervonix, Inc. | Needle with depth determination capability and method of use |
| US20030088186A1 (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2003-05-08 | Doody Michael C. | Probe penetration detector and method of operation |
| US20100094271A1 (en) * | 2008-10-10 | 2010-04-15 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Apparatus, System and Method for Monitoring Tissue During an Electrosurgical Procedure |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3220840A1 (en) | 2017-09-27 |
| DE102014223558A1 (en) | 2016-05-19 |
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