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WO2016075591A1 - Appareil et procédé pour la chloration de poly(chlorure de vinyle) - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé pour la chloration de poly(chlorure de vinyle) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016075591A1
WO2016075591A1 PCT/IB2015/058517 IB2015058517W WO2016075591A1 WO 2016075591 A1 WO2016075591 A1 WO 2016075591A1 IB 2015058517 W IB2015058517 W IB 2015058517W WO 2016075591 A1 WO2016075591 A1 WO 2016075591A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pvc
ranging
chamber
cpvc
polyvinyl chloride
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2015/058517
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English (en)
Inventor
Ninad Deepak INGLE
Pradeep Paresh KAPADIA
Pradip Munshi
Ajit Behari Mathur
Raksh Vir Jasra
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Reliance Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Reliance Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Reliance Industries Ltd filed Critical Reliance Industries Ltd
Publication of WO2016075591A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016075591A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
    • C08F8/18—Introducing halogen atoms or halogen-containing groups
    • C08F8/20—Halogenation
    • C08F8/22—Halogenation by reaction with free halogens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
    • B01J19/121—Coherent waves, e.g. laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
    • B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
    • B01J19/127—Sunlight; Visible light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/20—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium
    • B01J8/22—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium gas being introduced into the liquid
    • B01J8/222—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium gas being introduced into the liquid in the presence of a rotating device only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/28—Treatment by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00026—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system
    • B01J2208/00035—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system involving measured parameters
    • B01J2208/00044—Temperature measurement
    • B01J2208/00061—Temperature measurement of the reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
    • B01J2208/00893—Feeding means for the reactants
    • B01J2208/00911—Sparger-type feeding elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08J2327/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
    • C08J2327/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an apparatus and a process for preparing chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC). BACKGROUND
  • Polyvinyl chloride has a low softening temperature and hence, has many limitations in the field of its application. To overcome the limitations and improve the low softening point of PVC, chlorination of polyvinyl chloride is carried out to obtain chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC). Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) is more rigid than PVC and also more thermally resistant. Due to its rigidity and higher thermal resistant properties, CPVC has more applications than PVC. However, high content of chlorine in the CPVC confers, other characteristics that are not desirable. Hence, CPVC has to be prepared with the optimum percentage of chlorine.
  • Previously known methods of chlorination include, bubbling chlorine gas into an organic solvent solution or suspension of PVC, contacting chlorine gas directly with solid PVC powder, bubbling chlorine gas into an aqueous suspension of PVC, photo-chlorination of PVC in the presence of irradiation of light and the like.
  • Photo-chlorination of PVC is a heterogeneous reaction which is primarily driven by mass transfer phenomenon and is controlled by diffusion of chlorine into the pores of the PVC particles. As the diffusion of chlorine into the PVC pores determines the rate of the reaction, efforts have been directed towards increasing the rate of reaction by increasing chlorine penetration. Improved stirring is one such technique known in the art.
  • the pore size of PVC can also be increased to facilitate chlorine diffusion as recited in US4412898.
  • Elevating the temperature to enhance the rate of the reaction is also known in the art.
  • the rate of the reaction can also be controlled by supplying controlled Ultraviolet radiation (UV) in the reactor as suggested in US4049517.
  • UV Ultraviolet radiation
  • US3328371 suggests the use of additives such as chlorinating agents (SO 2 CI 2 ) and swelling agents in order to further increase the rate of reaction.
  • the inventors of the present disclosure envisaged an apparatus and a process to carry out photo-chlorination of PVC at an increased rate and also mitigate the other drawbacks associated with the known processes.
  • An object of the present disclosure is to provide an apparatus for the preparation of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC).
  • CPVC chlorinated polyvinyl chloride
  • Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a process for the preparation of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC). Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide a process for the preparation of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, which is simple and rapid. Other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description, which is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure provides an apparatus and a process for the preparation of CPVC.
  • the apparatus comprises a chamber for receiving PVC and delivering CPVC; at least one inlet leading into said chamber for introducing at least one reactant into said chamber; at least one sparger extending into said chamber through said inlet for introducing at least one reactant into said chamber; at least one agitator and at least one monochromatic light source located outside the chamber, at a distance ranging from 1 cm to 20 cm from the surface of PVC.
  • the monochromatic light source can be a LASER.
  • the process of the present disclosure includes reacting PVC, with chlorine in the presence of at least one monochromatic light source having a wavelength ranging from 300 nm to 450 nm at an agitation speed ranging from 100 rpm to 1600 rpm, for a time period ranging from 2 hours to 12 hours to obtain CPVC.
  • the PVC is in at least one form selected from the group consisting of PVC in completely dried form characterized by 0.2 to 1 % loss on heating at 70 °C for 2 hours and PVC in slurry form having concentration ranging from 25 to 30% w/v.
  • said monochromatic light source is a LASER.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an apparatus for the preparation of CPVC in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the apparatus includes, but is not limited to a chamber, at least one inlet, at least one outlet, at least one sparger, at least one agitator and at least one monochromatic light source as illustrated in Figure 1.
  • the chamber (c) is a round bottom flask with a stopper (b) having multiple ports.
  • the chamber (c) of the apparatus for preparing CPVC is transparent and is adapted to receive PVC (f) and deliver CPVC.
  • At least one inlet (i) leading into the chamber (c), through the stopper (b), is adapted to introduce at least one reactant and an inert gas into the chamber through a sparger, and at least one outlet (a) for discharging the fluids and for recovering the formed CPVC from the chamber.
  • the sparger can extend through the inlet and introduce the inert gas into the said chamber.
  • At least one agitator (e) is present in the chamber for the purpose of agitation.
  • the light source (g) in the apparatus for preparing CPVC in accordance with the present disclosure includes at least one monochromatic light source having a wavelength ranging from 300 nm to 450 nm that is located outside the chamber.
  • the wavelength of the light is adjusted using the controller (h) attached to the light source.
  • the assembly is kept in a water bath (d), which is maintained at a temperature in the range of 65 °C to 75 °C.
  • the light source is a LASER.
  • the light source is located at a distance ranging from 1cm to 20 cm from the material being chlorinated i.e. PVC slurry, from any side of the chamber.
  • the agitation is carried out using a magnetic stirrer.
  • the chamber (c) of the apparatus for preparing CPVC in accordance with the present disclosure can also include at least one pocket for holding a thermocouple and at least one outlet (a) for delivering the CPVC and for discharging fluids.
  • the present disclosure provides a process for the preparing CPVC from PVC.
  • PVC is reacted with chlorine in the presence of at least one monochromatic light (g) having a wavelength ranging from 300 nm to 450 nm and at an agitation speed ranging from 100 rpm to 1600 rpm, for a time period ranging from 2 hours to 12 hours to obtain CPVC.
  • the PVC used in the process of the present disclosure is in at least one form selected from the group consisting of PVC in a completely dried form and PVC in slurry form. Completely dried PVC form is characterized by 0.2 % to 1 % loss on heating at 70 °C for 2 hours.
  • PVC in slurry form is characterized by having a PVC concentration ranging from 25 to 30% w/v and Reynolds number ranging from 1 x 10 3 to 3 x 10 6 .
  • Reynolds number is a dimensionless number used in fluid mechanics to indicate whether fluid flow past a body or in a duct is steady or turbulent.
  • the PVC slurry is prepared by admixing water and PVC obtained by suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer, having a polymerization degree ranging from 30000 to 60000, particle size ranging from 135 microns to 170 microns, porosity ranging from 0.18 to 0.36 ml/g and viscosity ranging from 0.60 dl/g to 1 dl/g.
  • Monochromatic light source (h) used in the process of the present disclosure can be LASER.
  • the light source is kept outside the reaction vessel, at a distance ranging from 1 cm to 20 cm from the sides of the chamber (c) by ensuring that the light is able to irradiate to the sample efficiently, without any blockage.
  • the light source is provided on the walls of the chamber.
  • the monochromatic light can be selected from a light source having a wavelength ranging from 300 nm to 450 nm.
  • the monochromatic light consists of maximum radiation of a single wavelength. All the light waves are also in the same phase, having maximum possibility of population inversion. This makes the light more powerful with better penetrating ability into the solid surface than conventional light.
  • LASER as a monochromatic light source
  • the reaction mixture is stirred in an agitation chamber where the speed of the agitator ranges from 100 rpm to 1600 rpm.
  • the stirring time of the reaction mixture ranges from 2 hours to 12 hours to obtain CPVC.
  • the process of the present disclosure is carried out at a temperature ranging from 40 °C to 90 °C, at a pressure ranging from 0.5 to 4 atmospheres and at an agitator tip speed ranging from 0.5 m/s to 20 m/s.
  • the rate of reaction ranges from 0.22 - 0.37 Kmole (CI 2 ) /g (PVC).
  • h 2 Hydrogen chloride (HC1) is produced during the chlorination of PVC and is monitored during the reaction.
  • the chlorination degree (% of chlorination) is calculated from the hydrogen chloride concentration in the reaction solution.
  • the reaction is stopped when chlorination of PVC reaches to about 65-67%.
  • the reaction vessel is allowed to cool and the remaining chlorine gas is purged with nitrogen gas. After purging the remaining chlorine gas, the slurry is discharged from the reaction vessel. In one embodiment one outlet is at the bottom of the chamber and the slurry is discharged from the bottom of the reaction vessel.
  • the CPVC polymer obtained is filtered, and washed with de- mineralized water till it turns neutral.
  • the neutralized CPVC polymer is dried to obtain CPVC in powder form which is further analyzed for its physical properties such as intrinsic viscosity and thermal stability.
  • the advantages associated with the use of stimulated emission are presented herein below.
  • the power of light of a specific wavelength can be amplified by stimulated emission. Such light has more power than conventional light. Therefore, photo-induced fission of a chemical bond generates free radicals in a shorter time period as compared to normal light having a similar wavelength and less energy.
  • the power of stimulated radiation causes chlorine gas to penetrate deeper into the solid materials. Therefore, chlorination of PVC occurs at a much deeper level in the solid PVC by interaction with diffused chlorine molecule into the pore, which in the presence of light generates chlorine radical.
  • the wavelength can be changed. This makes the stimulated radiation desirable for chlorination.
  • PVC slurry was prepared in a 100 ml glass flask and was kept under continuous agitation with the help of a magnetic bar arrangement.
  • Continuous LASER source having a wavelength of 445 nm was placed at a distance of 5 cm from the surface of the flask as an irradiation source.
  • the flask was kept in a water bath and the temperature of the water bath was set at 70 °C and nitrogen purging was done on a continuous basis for 15 minutes to remove air or oxygen from the reaction flask. After 15 minutes, the temperature of the reaction flask reached 70 °C, after which nitrogen purging was stopped and chlorine was purged through the slurry.
  • the LASER was turned on, when the reactor and slurry were found to be saturated with chlorine.
  • experiment 2 was conducted using LASER irradiation as a monochromatic light source and experiment 3 was conducted using LED (465 nm) irradiation as a monochromatic light source.
  • the process of the present disclosure uses stimulated radiation (LASER) that has a more penetrating ability into a solid surface than conventional light.
  • LASER stimulated radiation
  • Chlorination of solid polymer particle by using stimulated radiation gives deep penetration of chlorine into the solid pore causing maximum chlorination in a shorter time period as compared to conventional light source.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil et un procédé pour la préparation de poly(chlorure de vinyle) chloré (CPVC). L'appareil comprend une chambre, au moins un arroseur et au moins un agitateur montés dans la chambre et au moins une source de rayonnement monochromatique située à l'extérieur de la chambre pour provoquer la photochloration du poly(chlorure de vinyle). Le procédé comprend la réaction d'un poly(chlorure de vinyle) (PVC) avec du chlore en présence d'une source de rayonnement monochromatique d'une longueur d'onde allant de 300 nm à 450 nm, sous agitation à une vitesse allant de 100 t/min à 1600 t/minute, pendant une période de temps allant de 2 heures à 12 heures, de manière à obtenir du CPVC.
PCT/IB2015/058517 2014-11-11 2015-11-04 Appareil et procédé pour la chloration de poly(chlorure de vinyle) Ceased WO2016075591A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN3539MU2014 2014-11-11
IN3539/MUM/2014 2014-11-11

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WO2016075591A1 true WO2016075591A1 (fr) 2016-05-19

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2019100983A (ja) * 2017-12-07 2019-06-24 株式会社カネカ シミュレーション装置、光反応装置、シミュレーション装置の制御方法、プログラム、および光反応生成物の製造方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2085897A (en) * 1980-10-22 1982-05-06 Chloe Chemie Continuous process for the dry chlorination of polyvinyl chloride
EP0103769A2 (fr) * 1982-08-25 1984-03-28 The B.F. GOODRICH Company Procédé de chloruration de résines de polychlorure de vinyle
SG11201402074RA (en) * 2011-11-07 2014-09-26 Kaneka Corp Method for producing chlorinated vinyl chloride resin
WO2014157346A1 (fr) * 2013-03-29 2014-10-02 株式会社カネカ Procédé de production et dispositif de production de résine à base de chlorure de vinyle chloré

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2085897A (en) * 1980-10-22 1982-05-06 Chloe Chemie Continuous process for the dry chlorination of polyvinyl chloride
EP0103769A2 (fr) * 1982-08-25 1984-03-28 The B.F. GOODRICH Company Procédé de chloruration de résines de polychlorure de vinyle
SG11201402074RA (en) * 2011-11-07 2014-09-26 Kaneka Corp Method for producing chlorinated vinyl chloride resin
WO2014157346A1 (fr) * 2013-03-29 2014-10-02 株式会社カネカ Procédé de production et dispositif de production de résine à base de chlorure de vinyle chloré

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2019100983A (ja) * 2017-12-07 2019-06-24 株式会社カネカ シミュレーション装置、光反応装置、シミュレーション装置の制御方法、プログラム、および光反応生成物の製造方法

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