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WO2016058111A1 - 一种多孔纳米纤维的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种多孔纳米纤维的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2016058111A1
WO2016058111A1 PCT/CN2014/000903 CN2014000903W WO2016058111A1 WO 2016058111 A1 WO2016058111 A1 WO 2016058111A1 CN 2014000903 W CN2014000903 W CN 2014000903W WO 2016058111 A1 WO2016058111 A1 WO 2016058111A1
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solution
spinning
sio
porous
nanofiber
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袁振其
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Taicang Su Lun Textile Chemical Fiber Co Ltd
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Taicang Su Lun Textile Chemical Fiber Co Ltd
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10Other agents for modifying properties
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F11/00Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F11/00Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
    • D01F11/04Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of synthetic polymers
    • D01F11/06Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of synthetic polymers of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F11/00Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
    • D01F11/04Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of synthetic polymers
    • D01F11/08Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of synthetic polymers of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/44Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
    • D01F6/54Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polymers of unsaturated nitriles
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/88Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
    • D01F6/92Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyesters
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F9/00Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a preparation method of porous nanofibers, in particular to a preparation method of porous nanofibers capable of improving dyeability.
  • polyester is a kind of synthetic fiber. Because the molecular structure of polyester is relatively regular, its hydrophilicity and dyeability are poor. Traditional chemical modification consumes a lot of water and chemicals, which is not only complicated to operate but also pollutes the environment.
  • the preparation of inorganic nanofibers by electrospinning combined with high-temperature calcination technology is a widely used method in recent years.
  • the method is simple to operate, and the prepared inorganic fiber structure can realize morphology and structure through solution properties, spinning parameters and post-treatment. Controllable, showing excellent properties in the field of textile materials.
  • HF Hydrofluoric acid
  • SiO 2 silica
  • SiO 2 +6HF H 2 SIF 6 +2H 2 O.
  • the SiO 2 sacrificial layer is etched by HF. Due to the different reaction of nanofibers and SiO 2 to HF, the effect of removing the nanofibers can be achieved by using the method of particle doping in the removal, thereby providing a comparative area of the fabric and improving the dyeability. purpose.
  • a method for preparing porous nanofibers comprising:
  • nanofibers containing SiO 2 nanoparticles are soaked in an HF solution and slowly stirred, washed and dried to obtain a porous nanofiber fabric.
  • the nanomaterial is one or a mixture of materials of polyester, polyacrylonitrile and its copolymer, cellulose and lignin, and the solution is N,N-dimethyldiamide.
  • the mass ratio of the textile material to the solvent is 1:9 to 1:5, and the mass fraction of the polyvinylpyrrolidone is 10%; in the step 2), the SiO 2 nanoparticles are added to the nanometer. 5-13% of the fiber polymer solution; in step 3), the additional electric field strength is 0.2kv/cm-2kv/cm, the receiving screen is 10-45cm from the spinneret, and the baking temperature is 400-650°C; In step 4), the HF solution has a mass fraction of 25-55%, and the soaking and slow agitation time is 8-16 h.
  • step 1) the mass ratio of the textile material to the solvent is 1:7; in step 2), the SiO 2 nanoparticle is added as 8% of the nanofiber polymer solution; in step 3), The additional electric field strength is 1 kv/cm, the receiving screen is 35 cm from the spinning port, and the baking temperature is 550 ° C; in the step 4), the mass fraction of the HF solution is 45%, and the time of the soaking and slow stirring is 10h.
  • the nanofibers have a diameter of 300 to 400 nm.
  • HF is used to etch the sacrificial layer of SiO2. Since the reaction of nanofibers and SiO 2 to HF is different, the effect of the nanofibers can be achieved by using the method of particle doping in the removal, mesoporous and microporous structure. coexist.
  • the specific surface area of the fabric can be effectively improved, the dye can be better dispersed therein, the dye uptake rate of the dye can be increased, and the dyeing of the color flower and the color stripe can be avoided.
  • the increase of fabric pores allows the dye to diffuse to the internal volume and the amount of fixation increases. Therefore, the dyeing rate and color of the fabric are improved, and the pilling phenomenon of the fabric is improved.
  • the manufacturing process is simple, the environment is protected, the cost is low, and it is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
  • the spinning material is dissolved in a solvent, 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone is added, and the mixture is uniformly stirred to prepare a nanofiber spinning solution; the mass ratio of the textile material to the solvent is 1:9, and the nano material is polyester, polyacrylonitrile and One or a mixture of materials of copolymer and lignin, the solution being N,N-dimethyldiamide.
  • the spinning solution is added to an electrospinning machine for electrospinning, the additional electric field strength is 0.2 kV/cm, the screen is 10 cm from the spinneret, and the baking temperature is 400 ° C to obtain fibers containing SiO 2 nanoparticles. .
  • nanofibers containing SiO 2 nanoparticles were soaked in a 25% HF solution and slowly stirred for 8 hours, and washed and dried to obtain a porous nanofiber fabric.
  • the surface roughness of the fabric is increased, the dyeing rate is increased, and the color fastness of the finished product is shown in Table 1.
  • the spinning material is dissolved in a solvent, 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone is added, and the mixture is uniformly stirred to prepare a nanofiber spinning solution; the mass ratio of the textile material to the solvent is 1:5, and the nano material is polyester, polyacrylonitrile and One or a mixture of materials of copolymer and lignin, the solution being N,N-dimethyldiamide.
  • the spinning solution was added to an electrospinning machine for electrospinning, an additional electric field strength of 2 kV/cm, a screen distance of 45 cm from the spinneret, and a baking temperature of 650 ° C to obtain fibers containing SiO 2 nanoparticles.
  • nanofibers containing SiO 2 nanoparticles were soaked in a 55% HF solution and slowly stirred for 16 hours, and washed and dried to obtain a porous nanofiber fabric.
  • the surface roughness of the fabric is increased, the dyeing rate is increased, and the color fastness of the finished product is shown in Table 1.
  • the spinning material is dissolved in a solvent, 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone is added, and the mixture is uniformly stirred to prepare a nanofiber spinning solution; the mass ratio of the textile material to the solvent is 1:7, and the nano material is polyester, polyacrylonitrile and One or a mixture of materials of copolymer and lignin, the solution being N,N-dimethyldiamide.
  • the spinning solution was added to an electrospinning machine for electrospinning, an additional electric field strength of 1 kV/cm, a screen distance of 35 cm from the spinneret, and a baking temperature of 550 ° C to obtain fibers containing SiO 2 nanoparticles.
  • nanofibers containing SiO 2 nanoparticles were soaked in a 45% HF solution and slowly stirred for 10 hours, and washed and dried to obtain a porous nanofiber fabric.
  • the surface roughness of the fabric is increased, the dyeing rate is increased, and the color fastness of the finished product is shown in Table 1.
  • Table 1 shows the color fastness of the finished products in Examples 1, 2, and 3:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

一种多孔纳米纤维的制备方法,包括:将纺丝材料溶解于溶剂中,加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,搅拌均匀,制备纳米纤维聚合物溶液;将SiO2纳米颗粒加入所述纳米纤维聚合物溶液中,磁力搅拌至均匀,作为喷丝溶液;将所述喷丝溶液灌入喷射器中,在附加电场的作用下喷丝,通过控制喷丝时间和移动接受屏获得含SiO2纳米颗粒的纳米纤维,焙烧;将含SiO2纳米颗粒的纳米纤维溶液使用HF溶液浸泡并缓慢搅拌,清洗烘干,获得多孔纳米纤维织物。本发明采用颗粒掺杂在去除的方式,可以达到对纳米纤维制孔的效果,从而使用提供织物比较面积,提高染色性的目的。

Description

一种多孔纳米纤维的制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种多孔纳米纤维的制备方法,特别是涉及一种能够提高染色性的多孔纳米纤维的制备方法。
背景技术
目前,随着人们生活水平的日益提高,消费观念的不断更新,消费者对纤维纺织品,特别是纳米纤维纺织品的质量、品种、颜色等的要求越来越高。普遍使用的涤纶是一种合成纤维,由于涤纶的分子结构比较规整,其亲水性和染色性较差,传统的化学改性要消耗大量的水和化学药品,不仅操作复杂,而且污染环境。
同时,使用静电纺丝协同高温煅烧技术设备制备无机纳米纤维是近年来广泛使用的一种方法.该方法操作简单,制备的无机纤维结构可通过溶液性质、纺丝参数以及后处理实现形态、结构的可控,在纺织材料领域展现出优异的特性。
综上所述,目前迫切需要一种能够提高染色性的多孔纳米纤维的制备方法,能够改善提高织物的比表面积、结构可控性,增强表面粗糙程度,实现对对纳米材料制孔,从而提高其染色性。
发明内容
氢氟酸(HF)是一种弱酸,可以专一地与二氧化硅(SiO2)反应,其化学反应方程式为:SiO2+6HF=H2SIF6+2H2O。使用HF腐蚀SiO2牺牲层,由于纳米纤维和SiO2对HF的反应不同,采用颗粒掺杂在去除的方式,可 以达到对纳米纤维制孔的效果,从而使用提供织物比较面积,提高染色性的目的。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明所提供的技术方案是:
一种多孔纳米纤维的制备方法,包括:
1)将纺丝材料溶解于溶剂中,加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,搅拌均匀,制备纳米纤维聚合物溶液;
2)将SiO2纳米颗粒加入所述纳米纤维聚合物溶液中,磁力搅拌至均匀,作为喷丝溶液;
3)将所述喷丝溶液灌入喷射器中,在附加电场的作用下喷丝,通过控制喷丝时间和移动接受屏获得含SiO2纳米颗粒的纳米纤维,焙烧;
4)将含SiO2纳米颗粒的纳米纤维使用HF溶液浸泡并缓慢搅拌,清洗烘干,获得多孔纳米纤维织物。
进一步地,所述纳米材料为聚酯、聚丙烯腈及其共聚物、纤维素和木质素中的一种或几种材料混合物,所述溶液为N,N—二甲二酰胺。
进一步地,在步骤1)中,纺织材料与溶剂的质量比为1:9-1:5,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的质量分数为10%;在步骤2)中,加入所述SiO2纳米颗粒为纳米纤维聚合物溶液的5-13%;在步骤3)中,所述附加电场场强为0.2kv/cm-2kv/cm,接受屏距离喷丝口10-45cm,焙烤温度为400-650℃;在步骤4)中,所述HF溶液质量分数为25-55%,所述浸泡并缓慢搅拌的时间为8-16h。
进一步地,在步骤1)中,纺织材料与溶剂的质量比为1:7;在步骤2)中,加入所述SiO2纳米颗粒为纳米纤维聚合物溶液的8%;在步骤3)中,所述附加电场场强为1kv/cm,接受屏距离喷丝口35cm,焙烤温度为550℃;在步骤4)中,所述HF溶液质量分数为45%,所述浸泡并缓慢搅拌的时间为10h。
进一步地,所述纳米纤维的直径为300-400nm。
采用上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果有:
1.在本发明中使用HF腐蚀SiO2牺牲层,由于纳米纤维和SiO2对HF的反应不同,采用颗粒掺杂在去除的方式,可以达到对纳米纤维制孔的效果,介孔和微孔结构共存。
2.通过本发明的制备方法,能够有效提高织物的比表面积,使染料更好地分散其中,增加染料对纤维的上染率,同时可以避免色花、色斑条花等染疵。织物孔隙增加,使染料可以扩散到内部量增加,近而固着量有所增加,所以表现在织物染色的上染率和色泽都有提高,改善织物的起毛起球现象。并且制造工艺简单,保护环境,成本较低,适合大规模工业生产。
具体实施方式
实施例1
将纺丝材料溶解于溶剂中,加入10%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,搅拌均匀,制备纳米纤维纺丝溶液;纺织材料与溶剂的质量比为1:9,纳米材料为聚酯、聚丙烯腈及其共聚物和木质素中的一种或几种材料混合物,所述溶液为N,N—二甲二酰胺。
将5%的将SiO2纳米颗粒加入所述纳米纤维聚合物溶液中,磁力搅拌至均匀,作为喷丝溶液。
将喷丝溶液加入至静电纺丝机中,进行静电纺丝,附加电场场强为0.2kv/cm,接受屏距离喷丝口10cm,焙烤温度为400℃,制得含SiO2纳米颗粒的纤维。
将含SiO2纳米颗粒的纳米纤维使用25%的HF溶液浸泡并缓慢搅拌8h,清洗烘干,获得多孔纳米纤维织物。
织物的表面粗糙程度增加,上染速率提高,成品的色牢度见表1。
实施例2
将纺丝材料溶解于溶剂中,加入10%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,搅拌均匀,制备纳米纤维纺丝溶液;纺织材料与溶剂的质量比为1:5,纳米材料为聚酯、聚丙烯腈及其共聚物和木质素中的一种或几种材料混合物,所述溶液为N,N—二甲二酰胺。
将13%的将SiO2纳米颗粒加入所述纳米纤维聚合物溶液中,磁力搅拌至均匀,作为喷丝溶液。
将喷丝溶液加入至静电纺丝机中,进行静电纺丝,附加电场场强为2kv/cm,接受屏距离喷丝口45cm,焙烤温度为650℃,制得含SiO2纳米颗粒的纤维。
将含SiO2纳米颗粒的纳米纤维使用55%的HF溶液浸泡并缓慢搅拌16h,清洗烘干,获得多孔纳米纤维织物。
织物的表面粗糙程度增加,上染速率提高,成品的色牢度见表1。
实施例3
将纺丝材料溶解于溶剂中,加入10%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,搅拌均匀,制备纳米纤维纺丝溶液;纺织材料与溶剂的质量比为1:7,纳米材料为聚酯、聚丙烯腈及其共聚物和木质素中的一种或几种材料混合物,所述溶液为N,N—二甲二酰胺。
将8%的SiO2纳米颗粒加入所述纳米纤维聚合物溶液中,磁力搅拌至均匀,作为喷丝溶液。
将喷丝溶液加入至静电纺丝机中,进行静电纺丝,附加电场场强为1kv/cm,接受屏距离喷丝口35cm,焙烤温度为550℃,制得含SiO2纳米颗粒的纤维。
将含SiO2纳米颗粒的纳米纤维使用45%的HF溶液浸泡并缓慢搅拌10h,清洗烘干,获得多孔纳米纤维织物。
织物的表面粗糙程度增加,上染速率提高,成品的色牢度见表1。
表1 为实施例1、2、3中成品的色牢度:
Figure PCTCN2014000903-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2014000903-appb-000002
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种多孔纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
    1)将纺丝材料溶解于溶剂中,加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,搅拌均匀,制备纳米纤维聚合物溶液;
    2)将SiO2纳米颗粒加入所述纳米纤维聚合物溶液中,磁力搅拌至均匀,作为喷丝溶液;
    3)将所述喷丝溶液灌入喷射器中,在附加电场的作用下喷丝,通过控制喷丝时间和移动接受屏获得含SiO2纳米颗粒的纳米纤维,焙烧;
    4)将含SiO2纳米颗粒的纳米纤维使用HF溶液浸泡并缓慢搅拌,清洗烘干,获得多孔纳米纤维织物。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纳米材料为聚酯、聚丙烯腈及其共聚物和木质素中的一种或几种材料混合物,所述溶液为N,N—二甲二酰胺。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤1)中,纺织材料与溶剂的质量比为1:9-1:5,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的质量分数为10%;在步骤2)中,加入所述SiO2纳米颗粒为纳米纤维聚合物溶液的5-13%;在步骤3)中,所述附加电场场强为0.2kv/cm-2kv/cm,接受屏距离喷丝口10-45cm,焙烤温度为400-650℃;在步骤4)中,所述HF溶液质量分数为25-55%,所述浸泡并缓慢搅拌的时间为8-16h。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的多孔纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤1)中,纺织材料与溶剂的质量比为1:7;在步骤2)中,加入所述SiO2纳米颗粒为纳米纤维聚合物溶液的8%;在步骤3)中,所述附加电场场强为1kv/cm,接受屏距离喷丝口35cm,焙烤温度为550℃;在步骤4)中,所述HF溶液质量分数为45%,所述浸泡并缓慢搅拌的时间为10h。
  5. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的多孔纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纳米纤维的直径为300-400nm。
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