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WO2016055669A1 - Photovoltaic collector - Google Patents

Photovoltaic collector Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016055669A1
WO2016055669A1 PCT/ES2014/070763 ES2014070763W WO2016055669A1 WO 2016055669 A1 WO2016055669 A1 WO 2016055669A1 ES 2014070763 W ES2014070763 W ES 2014070763W WO 2016055669 A1 WO2016055669 A1 WO 2016055669A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
photovoltaic
collector according
photovoltaic collector
sheet
polymer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/ES2014/070763
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ricardo Luis GUERRERO LEMUS
Benjamín Jesús GONZÁLEZ DÍAZ
Sara GONZÁLEZ PÉREZ
Tania MONZÓN HIERRO
Joaquín SANCHIZ SUÁREZ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universidad de La Laguna
Original Assignee
Universidad de La Laguna
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad de La Laguna filed Critical Universidad de La Laguna
Priority to PCT/ES2014/070763 priority Critical patent/WO2016055669A1/en
Publication of WO2016055669A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016055669A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
    • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
    • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H10F77/45—Wavelength conversion means, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the technical field of solar concentration systems, for the production of electric energy from solar energy and refers to a photovoltaic collector.
  • the photovoltaic collector of the present invention has improved efficiency by taking more advantage of the range of the solar spectrum for the production of electricity, predominantly the range of the solar spectrum from 280 nm to approximately 500 nm, but also the range of approximately 1,100 nm at about 2500 nm.
  • the photovoltaic collector of the invention further reduces the temperature of the collector.
  • WO2013 / 116569 describes a solar panel that includes a layer of polymeric material with luminescent compounds capable of transforming the wavelengths that affect said layer into wavelengths that are better processed by the photovoltaic modules, with a view to achieving Greater efficiency
  • the present invention proposes a photovoltaic collector with a configuration that allows a greater use of the capabilities of photoconverter compounds since: (i) it extends the possibility of conversion in the rear part of the cell, especially highlighted for bifacial cells; and (ii) it allows a maximum use of the converted photons in directions other than that of the active area of the cell and which, with the trap for these photons implied by the concave mirror, are reflected towards said active area.
  • the present invention relates to a photovoltaic collector according to claim 1.
  • the dependent claims define preferred embodiments of the invention.
  • the present invention presents a photovoltaic collector comprising at least one photovoltaic cell, a concave mirror provided with a hole, a glass sheet disposed between the concave mirror and the photovoltaic cell, and a transparent polymeric sheet disposed on the glass sheet, in where the concave mirror is disposed with its reflective surface oriented towards the polymeric sheet and wherein the polymeric sheet comprises at least one polymer or copolymer and at least one photoconverter compound.
  • the glass sheet, the polymer sheet and the at least one photovoltaic cell are arranged forming a layer structure.
  • the photovoltaic module will be referred to as the layer structure comprising at least the three previous layers.
  • the photovoltaic cell or cells are arranged with their active areas oriented towards the concave reflective surface of the concave mirror.
  • the presence of the polymeric sheet allows a greater use of solar radiation, especially ultraviolet (UV) and / or infrared (IR) radiation.
  • at least one photoconverter compound comprised in the polymer sheet absorbs light in the UV or IR range and produces emissions in the light range in which the photovoltaic cell operates optimally.
  • the collector comprises photovoltaic cells that operate optimally in the light range between 500 nm and 1100 nm, such as silicon-based photovoltaic cells, but which are not capable of converting (or that poorly convert) UV and / or IR radiation into electrical energy.
  • the polymeric sheet with at least one photoconverter compound Through the use of the polymeric sheet with at least one photoconverter compound, it is achieved that a greater total amount of sunlight is absorbed by the photovoltaic cell and consequently a greater amount of electrical energy is generated. In the absence of the polymeric sheet with at least one photoconverter compound, solar radiation in the UV and / or IR range would not become so efficient in electron-hollow pairs and would generally affect the photovoltaic collector, increasing the temperature of the same and / or causing damage to it over time.
  • the photovoltaic cell or cells operating optimally in the Light range between 500 nm and 1100 nm are photovoltaic cells based on silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, CdTe, CIGS cells, dye cells, CZTS cells, perovskite cells or organic cells.
  • the photons emitted isotropically by the active species of the polymeric sheet that are directed towards the outside of the photovoltaic module are reflected back towards the photovoltaic cell, avoiding the loss of said photons and improving the efficiency of the collector.
  • the collector comprises a second glass sheet and the at least one photovoltaic cell is disposed between the two glass sheets of the photovoltaic collector.
  • the photovoltaic cell is a bifacial photovoltaic cell and the collector additionally presents a second polymeric sheet disposed on the second glass sheet.
  • the second polymeric sheet comprises at least one polymer or copolymer and at least one photoconverter compound.
  • the realization with bifacial photovoltaic cell and two polymeric sheets allows to take advantage of the radiation that the photovoltaic cell receives both from its front and from its back.
  • the radiation that is received from the back may be due to the radiation reflected by the ground (albedo), or because the collector is arranged at a certain angle of inclination with respect to the normal to the ground surface.
  • the use of the radiation reflected by the terrain is especially advantageous in snowy terrain, where there is a very intense albedo in ultraviolet radiation.
  • the direct collection of the incident radiation from the back side is advantageous because it makes it possible to take advantage of the incident solar radiation on one side of the photovoltaic cell in the morning and the incident on the other side in the afternoon, so that the curve of electricity production of the photovoltaic collector, instead of resembling a Gaussian with a peak centered at noon, it turns out a curve with two peaks, one more towards the morning and another more towards the afternoon, moments in which the price of electricity usually Be older than noon.
  • the photovoltaic collector comprises two glass sheets and two polymeric sheets
  • the photovoltaic collector further comprises a flat rear reflector in contact with the second polymeric sheet.
  • the incorporation of a rear reflector in contact with the second polymeric sheet increases the efficiency of the collector, because the losses of non-absorbed photons are minimized, as they are reflected by the rear reflector back towards the photovoltaic cell. In addition, the losses of photons emitted by the second polymeric sheet are minimized.
  • the photovoltaic collector additionally comprises a flat rear reflector oriented towards the second polymeric sheet.
  • the use of radiation by the cell is maximized.
  • the concave mirror is a parabolic mirror, a disk mirror, an ellipsoidal mirror, a spherical mirror or a parabolic trough mirror.
  • the polymeric sheet, or the polymeric sheets in the case of incorporating a second polymeric sheet as described above are arranged on the faces of the glass sheets farthest from the photovoltaic cell, so that sunlight it affects the polymeric sheets before coming into contact with the glass sheets, that is to say that the UV and / or IR light in sunlight is photoconverted into photons corresponding to the spectral range in which the photovoltaic cell operates optimally before that said UV and / or IR light comes into contact with the glass sheets.
  • the concave mirror is arranged in contact with the first polymeric sheet or with the first glass sheet, as appropriate, that is, with the first polymeric sheet, in the case where the polymeric sheet is arranged on the face of the glass sheet furthest from the photovoltaic cell or with the first glass sheet, in the case where the polymer sheet is arranged on the face of the glass sheet closest to the photovoltaic cell.
  • the losses of photons emitted by the polymer sheets are minimized with this embodiment.
  • the photovoltaic collector comprises a layer of encapsulating material disposed between the photovoltaic cell and the first and / or second sheet of glass.
  • the encapsulating material is PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate), PVB (polyvinyl butyral), TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane), thermoplastic ionomer, TPO (thermoplastic polyolefin), PU (polyurethane), EVA (ethyl vinyl acetate) or silicone or Acrylic liquid encapsulants.
  • the encapsulating material is EVA.
  • the photovoltaic collector further comprises radiation concentration means, located so that its focus is arranged in the hole of the concave mirror.
  • the radiation concentration means comprise a lens or a second concave mirror.
  • the lens is a converging lens or a Fresnel lens.
  • the second concave mirror is a parabolic mirror, a disk mirror, a spherical mirror, an ellipsoidal mirror or a parabolic trough mirror.
  • the opening of the first concave mirror is circular or linear in shape.
  • the opening of the first concave mirror is linear.
  • the total polymer and copolymer content in each polymer sheet present in the solar collector is at least 90% by weight relative to the total weight of the polymer sheet.
  • the polymer or copolymer comprised in the polymeric sheet, or in the polymeric sheets in the case of systems based on bifacial photovoltaic cells is PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate), PVB (polyvinyl butyral), TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane), ionomer thermoplastic, TPO (thermoplastic polyolefin), PU (polyurethane), EVA (ethyl vinyl acetate) or silicone.
  • said polymer or copolymer is PMMA or EVA.
  • said polymer or copolymer is PMMA.
  • the polymer or copolymer can be independently selected in both polymer sheets.
  • the total content of photoconverter compound in each polymer sheet present in the solar collector is at most 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the polymer sheet.
  • photoconverter compound means any compound capable of absorbing photons of a particular wavelength, or a particular range of wavelengths, and re-emitting photons of different wavelength or different corresponding wavelength ranges. at the spectral range in which the photovoltaic cell operates optimally, which as indicated above is the light range between 500 nm and 1,100 nm.
  • the at least one photoconverter compound comprised in the polymeric sheet is a downward photoconverter compound, that is, a compound capable of absorbing photons of a wavelength or a range of wavelengths corresponding to the present UV range. in sunlight (between 280 and 500 nm), and that subsequently it re-emits photons of a wavelength or a range of wavelengths corresponding to the spectral range in which the photovoltaic cell operates optimally. Examples of this type of photoconverter compound are those described below.
  • the downward photoconverter compound is a complex formed by at least one lantanoid ion selected from the group consisting of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Sm, Tb, Dy, Er and Yb;
  • At least one first ligand wherein said first ligand comprises at least one aromatic heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen heteroatom;
  • At least one second ligand wherein said second ligand is selected from:
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , Rs, and R9 are independently selected from H, F, alkyl optionally substituted with F, and aryl optionally substituted with F; Y
  • R 2 and R 4 are independently selected from H, alkyl optionally substituted with F, and aryl optionally substituted with F;
  • R 3 is selected from H, F, alkyl optionally substituted with F, and aryl optionally substituted with F.
  • the lantanoid ion is Eu.
  • the first ligand is 2,2-bipyridine or phenanthroline or a compound derived therefrom which is preferably 5-methyl-1, 10-phenanthroline, 4,7-dihydroxy-1, 10-phenanthroline, the 5-nitro-1, 10-phenanthroline, 4-methyl-1, 10-phenanthroline, 5-chloro-1, 10-phenanthroline or bathophenantroline (4,7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline).
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , Rs, and R9 are independently selected from H, F, alkyl optionally substituted with F, and aryl optionally substituted with F; Y
  • the second ligand is substituted with at least one group F.
  • the second ligand is benzoate or pentafluorobenzoate.
  • photoconverter compounds at high is also contemplated in the present invention, ie compounds capable of absorbing photons of a wavelength or a range of wavelengths corresponding to the IR range present in sunlight (mainly to the range between 1 100 and 2500 nm), and which subsequently re-emit photons of a wavelength or a range of wavelengths corresponding to the spectral range in which the photovoltaic cell operates optimally.
  • This is especially suitable for increasing efficiency in photovoltaic modules that comprise a polymeric sheet at its back, because the radiation of the albedo usually has a major component in the IR range. Therefore, in one embodiment the at least one photoconverter compound comprised in the polymeric sheet is a high conversion photoconverter compound.
  • the at least one photoconverter compound comprised in the polymeric sheet is a high conversion photoconverter compound that is selected from the group consisting of NaYF 4 : Er 3+ , Yb 3+ (yttrium and sodium fluorides doped with Er and Yb ); ⁇ - NaYF 4 : Er 3+ / Yb 3+ (yttrium and sodium fluorides doped with Er or Yb); or p-NaYF 4 : Yb 3+ , Tm 3+ (yttrium and sodium fluorides doped with Yb and Tm).
  • the present invention also contemplates the use of more than one type of photoconverter compound in the same photovoltaic collector. Thanks to the incorporation of different types of photoconverter compounds, energy conversion efficiency can be maximized.
  • the photovoltaic cell is of the bifacial type
  • the first polymeric sheet comprises at least one downward photoconverter compound as defined above
  • the second polymeric sheet comprises at least one upstream photoconverter compound as It was defined above.
  • the photovoltaic cell is of the bifacial type, and the first polymeric sheet comprises at least one downward photoconverter compound as defined above, and the second polymeric sheet comprises at least one downward photoconverter compound such and as defined above.
  • the polymeric sheet comprises at least two photoconverter compounds, which are independently selected from a low photoconverter compound and a high photoconverter compound as defined above.
  • the photovoltaic cell is of the bifacial type
  • both the first polymeric sheet and the second polymeric sheet comprise at least two photoconverter compounds, which, independently in one and another polymeric sheet, are a downward photoconverter compound as it is defined above and / or a high conversion photoconverter compound as defined above.
  • the polymeric sheets additionally comprise at least one additive selected from the group consisting of an antacid, a plasticizer, a tachyifier, an antioxidant and an anti-scratch agent.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a photovoltaic collector according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows an enlarged view of the photovoltaic module present in the photovoltaic collector of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 shows an embodiment of a photovoltaic module present in an embodiment of the photovoltaic collector of the invention.
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of a photovoltaic collector according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 5 shows an enlarged view of the photovoltaic module present in the photovoltaic collector of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic representation of a photovoltaic collector according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic representation of a photovoltaic collector according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 8 shows a schematic representation of a photovoltaic collector according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment of the photovoltaic collector of the invention is schematically shown in Figure 1, which includes a concave mirror (4) provided with a hole, a plurality of photovoltaic cells (1) arranged substantially coplanar, forming a panel, with its active areas oriented towards the concave reflective surface of the concave mirror (4), a layer of encapsulating material (5), which surrounds the photovoltaic cells (1), a glass sheet (2) arranged between the concave mirror and the photovoltaic cells (1) and a transparent polymeric sheet (3) disposed on the glass sheet.
  • Figure 1 includes a concave mirror (4) provided with a hole, a plurality of photovoltaic cells (1) arranged substantially coplanar, forming a panel, with its active areas oriented towards the concave reflective surface of the concave mirror (4), a layer of encapsulating material (5), which surrounds the photovoltaic cells (1), a glass sheet (2) arranged between the concave mirror and the photovoltaic cells (1) and
  • Figure 2 shows an enlarged view of the structure of layers present in the photovoltaic collector of Figure 1, which comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cells (1) arranged by configuring a panel, a layer of encapsulating material (5), which surrounds to the photovoltaic cells (1), a glass sheet (2) arranged on one of the faces of the layer of encapsulating material (5) and a polymeric converter sheet (3) arranged on the glass sheet (2).
  • photovoltaic module means the layer structure that includes at least one photovoltaic cell, at least one glass sheet and at least one polymeric sheet.
  • both one and several individual photovoltaic cells such as those based on mono- and / or multicrystalline silicon, can be used as thin-film photovoltaic cells.
  • the collector has a single polymeric converter sheet (3), in contact with which the concave mirror (4) is arranged.
  • the collector of the embodiment additionally includes concentration means, in particular a converging lens (6), arranged with its focus located in the orifice of the concave mirror to concentrate the solar radiation that falls on the lens. convergent in said hole.
  • Solar radiation has been represented in the figures by arrows.
  • the function of the concave mirror is to not let out the photons that have not been converted to electrical energy by the photovoltaic cells, causing their reflection back to the photovoltaic cells.
  • the combination of the converging lens and the concave mirror produces an appreciable increase in the production of electrical energy.
  • Figure 3 shows an embodiment of a photovoltaic module that differs from that shown in Figure 2 in that the photovoltaic cells are in this case bifacial photovoltaic cells (10), with active areas on their front and back faces, and in that the In this case, the photovoltaic module presents a second sheet of glass (7).
  • the bifacial photovoltaic cells (10) are arranged substantially coplanar, forming a panel.
  • a layer of encapsulating material (5) surrounds the photovoltaic cells (10) and the first (2) and the second (7) glass sheet are arranged so that the encapsulating material (5) is sandwiched between them.
  • the photovoltaic module of this embodiment additionally has a polymeric converter sheet (3), arranged on the first glass sheet (2), on the face of the glass sheet farthest from the photovoltaic cells (10).
  • a photovoltaic module such as that described with reference to Figure 3 could be used in the collector of Figure 1 as an alternative to that described in that embodiment.
  • the presence of bifacial photovoltaic cells (10) allows in this case to take advantage of the radiation received by both sides of the photovoltaic module to convert solar energy to electrical energy.
  • FIG 4 A second embodiment of the collector of the invention is shown in Figure 4, which differs from that described with reference to Figure 1 in that in this case the photovoltaic cells (10) are bifacial, and in which the collector includes a second sheet of glass (7) and a second polymeric sheet (8).
  • Figure 5 shows the expanded structure of the photovoltaic module layers included in the photovoltaic collector of Figure 4, which includes the bifacial photovoltaic cells (10) arranged by configuring a panel, a layer of encapsulating material (5), which surrounds the photovoltaic cells (10), a first (2) and a second (7) glass sheet, each arranged on one side of the encapsulating material (5) and two polymeric converter sheets (3, 8), each arranged on a of the glass sheets (2, 7), on the face of the glass sheet furthest from the cells photovoltaic (10).
  • the bifacial photovoltaic cells (10) arranged by configuring a panel, a layer of encapsulating material (5), which surrounds the photovoltaic cells (10), a first (2) and a second (7) glass sheet, each arranged on one side of the encapsulating material (5) and two polymeric converter sheets (3, 8), each arranged on a of the glass sheets (2, 7), on the face of the glass sheet furthest from the
  • the presence of the second converter sheet (8) at the rear of the photovoltaic module allows the generation of additional conversion processes up or down, which increases the conversion efficiency.
  • FIG. 6 An embodiment of the photovoltaic collector according to the invention is shown in Figure 6, analogous to that described with reference to Figures 4 and 5, except that it additionally includes a flat rear reflector (9) arranged at the rear of the photovoltaic module to avoid the loss of radiation by transmittance.
  • the reflector (9) reflects back to the photovoltaic cells (10) the photons coming from the front of the photovoltaic module transmitted through the photovoltaic cells and the photons emitted outside the module by the second polymeric converter sheet (8) , contributing said reflected photons to increase efficiency by being absorbed by photovoltaic cells.
  • Figure 7 shows an embodiment of the photovoltaic collector of the invention analogous to that of Figure 1, but using a Fresnel lens (9) as a means of concentration instead of a converging lens.
  • a Fresnel lens allows the concentration system to not need a solar tracking system since the Fresnel lens is designed to converge solar radiation on the photovoltaic cell regardless of the angle of incidence of solar radiation on said lens.
  • Figure 8 shows an embodiment of the photovoltaic collector of the invention analogous to that of Figure 1, but using a second concave mirror (11) as a means of concentration instead of a converging lens.

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  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a photovoltaic collector comprising at least one photovoltaic cell, a concave mirror provided with an opening, a glass sheet arranged between the concave mirror and the photovoltaic cell, and a transparent polymer sheet arranged on the glass sheet, where the concave mirror is arranged with the reflective surface thereof oriented towards the polymer sheet, and where the polymer sheet comprises at least one polymer or copolymer, and at least one photoconverter compound.

Description

COLECTOR FOTOVOLTAICO DESCRIPCIÓN  PHOTOVOLTAIC COLLECTOR DESCRIPTION

OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

La presente invención pertenece al campo técnico de los sistemas de concentración solar, para la producción de energía eléctrica a partir de la energía solar y se refiere a un colector fotovoltaico. The present invention belongs to the technical field of solar concentration systems, for the production of electric energy from solar energy and refers to a photovoltaic collector.

El colector fotovoltaico de la presente invención presenta una eficiencia mejorada al aprovechar en mayor medida el rango del espectro solar para la producción de electricidad, predominantemente el rango del espectro solar de 280 nm a aproximadamente 500 nm, pero también el rango de aproximadamente 1 100 nm a aproximadamente 2500 nm. El colector fotovoltaico de la invención permite reducir además la temperatura del colector. The photovoltaic collector of the present invention has improved efficiency by taking more advantage of the range of the solar spectrum for the production of electricity, predominantly the range of the solar spectrum from 280 nm to approximately 500 nm, but also the range of approximately 1,100 nm at about 2500 nm. The photovoltaic collector of the invention further reduces the temperature of the collector.

ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

En el documento WO2013/116569 se describe un panel solar que incluye una capa de material polimérico con compuestos luminiscentes capaces de transformar las longitudes de onda que inciden sobre dicha capa en longitudes de onda que son mejor procesadas por los módulos fotovoltaicos, con vistas a conseguir una mayor eficiencia. WO2013 / 116569 describes a solar panel that includes a layer of polymeric material with luminescent compounds capable of transforming the wavelengths that affect said layer into wavelengths that are better processed by the photovoltaic modules, with a view to achieving Greater efficiency

La presente invención propone un colector fotovoltaico con una configuración que permite un mayor aprovechamiento de las capacidades de los compuestos fotoconversores dado que: (i) extiende la posibilidad de conversión en la parte trasera de la célula, especialmente destacado para células bifaciales; y (ii) permite un máximo aprovechamiento de los fotones convertidos en direcciones distintas a la del área activa de la célula y que, con la trampa para estos fotones que implica el espejo cóncavo, son reflejados hacia dicha área activa. The present invention proposes a photovoltaic collector with a configuration that allows a greater use of the capabilities of photoconverter compounds since: (i) it extends the possibility of conversion in the rear part of the cell, especially highlighted for bifacial cells; and (ii) it allows a maximum use of the converted photons in directions other than that of the active area of the cell and which, with the trap for these photons implied by the concave mirror, are reflected towards said active area.

DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

La presente invención se refiere a un colector fotovoltaico según la reivindicación 1. Las reivindicaciones dependientes definen realizaciones preferidas de la invención. The present invention relates to a photovoltaic collector according to claim 1. The dependent claims define preferred embodiments of the invention.

La presente invención presenta un colector fotovoltaico que comprende al menos una célula fotovoltaica, un espejo cóncavo dotado de un orificio, una lámina de vidrio dispuesta entre el espejo cóncavo y la célula fotovoltaica, y una lámina polimérica trasparente dispuesta sobre la lámina de vidrio, en donde el espejo cóncavo está dispuesto con su superficie reflectante orientada hacia la lámina polimérica y en donde la lámina polimérica comprende al menos un polímero o copolímero y al menos un compuesto fotoconversor. The present invention presents a photovoltaic collector comprising at least one photovoltaic cell, a concave mirror provided with a hole, a glass sheet disposed between the concave mirror and the photovoltaic cell, and a transparent polymeric sheet disposed on the glass sheet, in where the concave mirror is disposed with its reflective surface oriented towards the polymeric sheet and wherein the polymeric sheet comprises at least one polymer or copolymer and at least one photoconverter compound.

La lámina de vidrio, la lámina polimérica y la al menos una célula fotovoltaica están dispuestas configurando una estructura de capas. En el contexto de la presente invención se denominará "módulo fotovoltaico" a la estructura de capas que al menos comprende las tres capas anteriores. La célula o células fotovoltaicas están dispuestas con sus áreas activas orientadas hacia la superficie reflectante cóncava del espejo cóncavo. The glass sheet, the polymer sheet and the at least one photovoltaic cell are arranged forming a layer structure. In the context of the present invention, the photovoltaic module will be referred to as the layer structure comprising at least the three previous layers. The photovoltaic cell or cells are arranged with their active areas oriented towards the concave reflective surface of the concave mirror.

Ventajosamente, la presencia de la lámina polimérica permite un mayor aprovechamiento de la radiación solar, especialmente de la radiación ultravioleta (UV) y/o infrarroja (IR). Concretamente, al menos un compuesto fotoconversor comprendido en la lámina polimérica absorbe luz en el rango UV o IR y produce emisiones en el rango de luz en el cual opera óptimamente la célula fotovoltaica. Esto supone una importante ventaja en el caso en que el colector comprende células fotovoltaicas que operan óptimamente en el rango de luz entre 500 nm y 1100 nm, como son las células fotovoltaicas a base de silicio, pero que no son capaces de convertir (o que convierten pobremente) la radiación UV y/o IR en energía eléctrica. A través del empleo de la lámina polimérica con al menos un compuesto fotoconversor se consigue que una mayor cantidad total de luz solar sea absorbida por la célula fotovoltaica y consecuentemente se genere una mayor cantidad de energía eléctrica. En ausencia de la lámina polimérica con al menos un compuesto fotoconversor, la radiación solar en el rango UV y/o IR no se convertiría de forma tan eficiente en pares electrón-hueco e incidiría de forma general sobre el colector fotovoltaico, aumentando la temperatura del mismo y/o causando daños en el mismo con el tiempo. Advantageously, the presence of the polymeric sheet allows a greater use of solar radiation, especially ultraviolet (UV) and / or infrared (IR) radiation. Specifically, at least one photoconverter compound comprised in the polymer sheet absorbs light in the UV or IR range and produces emissions in the light range in which the photovoltaic cell operates optimally. This is an important advantage in the case where the collector comprises photovoltaic cells that operate optimally in the light range between 500 nm and 1100 nm, such as silicon-based photovoltaic cells, but which are not capable of converting (or that poorly convert) UV and / or IR radiation into electrical energy. Through the use of the polymeric sheet with at least one photoconverter compound, it is achieved that a greater total amount of sunlight is absorbed by the photovoltaic cell and consequently a greater amount of electrical energy is generated. In the absence of the polymeric sheet with at least one photoconverter compound, solar radiation in the UV and / or IR range would not become so efficient in electron-hollow pairs and would generally affect the photovoltaic collector, increasing the temperature of the same and / or causing damage to it over time.

En una realización, la célula o células fotovoltaicas que operan óptimamente en el rango de luz entre 500 nm y 1100 nm son células fotovoltaicas a base de silicio, germanio, arseniuro de galio, CdTe, células CIGS, células de colorante, células CZTS, células de perovskita o células orgánicas. In one embodiment, the photovoltaic cell or cells operating optimally in the Light range between 500 nm and 1100 nm are photovoltaic cells based on silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, CdTe, CIGS cells, dye cells, CZTS cells, perovskite cells or organic cells.

Mediante el espejo cóncavo presente en el colector fotovoltaico según la invención, los fotones emitidos isotrópicamente por la especie activa de la lámina polimérica que se dirigen hacia el exterior del módulo fotovoltaico se reflejan de vuelta hacia la célula fotovoltaica, evitando la pérdida de dichos fotones y mejorando la eficiencia del colector. By means of the concave mirror present in the photovoltaic collector according to the invention, the photons emitted isotropically by the active species of the polymeric sheet that are directed towards the outside of the photovoltaic module are reflected back towards the photovoltaic cell, avoiding the loss of said photons and improving the efficiency of the collector.

En una realización el colector comprende una segunda lámina de vidrio y la al menos una célula fotovoltaica está dispuesta entre las dos láminas de vidrio del colector fotovoltaico. En esta realización la célula fotovoltaica es una célula fotovoltaica bifacial y el colector presenta adicionalmente una segunda lámina polimérica dispuesta sobre la segunda lámina de vidrio. Como en el caso de la primera lámina polimérica, la segunda lámina polimérica comprende al menos un polímero o copolímero y al menos un compuesto fotoconversor. In one embodiment the collector comprises a second glass sheet and the at least one photovoltaic cell is disposed between the two glass sheets of the photovoltaic collector. In this embodiment the photovoltaic cell is a bifacial photovoltaic cell and the collector additionally presents a second polymeric sheet disposed on the second glass sheet. As in the case of the first polymeric sheet, the second polymeric sheet comprises at least one polymer or copolymer and at least one photoconverter compound.

Ventajosamente, la realización con célula fotovoltaica bifacial y dos láminas poliméricas permite aprovechar la radiación que la célula fotovoltaica recibe tanto por su parte frontal como por su parte posterior. La radiación que se recibe por la parte posterior puede ser debida a la radiación reflejada por el terreno (albedo), o porque el colector esté dispuesto con un cierto ángulo de inclinación con respecto a la normal a la superficie del terreno. El aprovechamiento de la radiación reflejada por el terreno es especialmente ventajoso en terrenos con nieve, en los que se produce un albedo muy intenso en radiación ultravioleta. Advantageously, the realization with bifacial photovoltaic cell and two polymeric sheets allows to take advantage of the radiation that the photovoltaic cell receives both from its front and from its back. The radiation that is received from the back may be due to the radiation reflected by the ground (albedo), or because the collector is arranged at a certain angle of inclination with respect to the normal to the ground surface. The use of the radiation reflected by the terrain is especially advantageous in snowy terrain, where there is a very intense albedo in ultraviolet radiation.

La captación directa de la radiación incidente por la cara posterior es ventajosa porque permite aprovechar la radiación solar incidente por un lado de la célula fotovoltaica por la mañana y la incidente por el otro lado por la tarde, con lo que se consigue que la curva de producción de electricidad del colector fotovoltaico, en vez de asemejarse a una gaussiana con un pico centrado al mediodía, resulte una curva con dos picos, uno más hacia la mañana y otro más hacia la tarde, momentos en los que el precio de la electricidad suele ser mayor que al mediodía. En una realización en que el colector fotovoltaico comprende dos láminas de vidrio y dos láminas poliméricas, el colector fotovoltaico comprende adicionalmente un reflector trasero plano en contacto con la segunda lámina polimérica. Ventajosamente la incorporación de un reflector trasero en contacto con la segunda lámina polimérica aumenta la eficiencia del colector, debido a que se minimizan las pérdidas de fotones no absorbidos, al ser reflejados por el reflector trasero de vuelta hacia la célula fotovoltaica. Además, se minimizan las pérdidas de fotones emitidos por la segunda lámina polimérica. The direct collection of the incident radiation from the back side is advantageous because it makes it possible to take advantage of the incident solar radiation on one side of the photovoltaic cell in the morning and the incident on the other side in the afternoon, so that the curve of electricity production of the photovoltaic collector, instead of resembling a Gaussian with a peak centered at noon, it turns out a curve with two peaks, one more towards the morning and another more towards the afternoon, moments in which the price of electricity usually Be older than noon. In an embodiment in which the photovoltaic collector comprises two glass sheets and two polymeric sheets, the photovoltaic collector further comprises a flat rear reflector in contact with the second polymeric sheet. Advantageously, the incorporation of a rear reflector in contact with the second polymeric sheet increases the efficiency of the collector, because the losses of non-absorbed photons are minimized, as they are reflected by the rear reflector back towards the photovoltaic cell. In addition, the losses of photons emitted by the second polymeric sheet are minimized.

En una realización alternativa el colector fotovoltaico comprende adicionalmente un reflector trasero plano orientado hacia la segunda lámina polimérica. Ventajosamente, con esta realización se maximiza el aprovechamiento de la radiación por parte de la célula. In an alternative embodiment, the photovoltaic collector additionally comprises a flat rear reflector oriented towards the second polymeric sheet. Advantageously, with this embodiment the use of radiation by the cell is maximized.

En una realización el espejo cóncavo es un espejo parabólico, un espejo de disco, un espejo elipsoidal, un espejo esférico o un espejo cilindro-parabólico. In one embodiment the concave mirror is a parabolic mirror, a disk mirror, an ellipsoidal mirror, a spherical mirror or a parabolic trough mirror.

En una realización la lámina polimérica, o las láminas poliméricas en el caso de incorporar una segunda lámina polimérica tal y como se describió anteriormente, están dispuestas en las caras de las láminas de vidrio más alejadas de la célula fotovoltaica, de manera que la luz solar incide sobre las láminas poliméricas antes de entrar en contacto con las láminas de vidrio, es decir, que la luz UV y/o IR comprendida en la luz solar se fotoconvierte en fotones correspondientes al rango espectral en el cual opera óptimamente la célula fotovoltaica antes de que dicha luz UV y/o IR entre en contacto con las láminas de vidrio. Así, ventajosamente, disponiendo las láminas poliméricas en las caras de las láminas de vidrio más alejadas de la célula fotovoltaica no se generan pérdidas de luz UV y/o IR fotoconversible y se maximiza la eficiencia de conversión de la luz que incide sobre el colector fotovoltaico en energía eléctrica. In one embodiment the polymeric sheet, or the polymeric sheets in the case of incorporating a second polymeric sheet as described above, are arranged on the faces of the glass sheets farthest from the photovoltaic cell, so that sunlight it affects the polymeric sheets before coming into contact with the glass sheets, that is to say that the UV and / or IR light in sunlight is photoconverted into photons corresponding to the spectral range in which the photovoltaic cell operates optimally before that said UV and / or IR light comes into contact with the glass sheets. Thus, advantageously, by arranging the polymer sheets on the faces of the glass sheets farthest from the photovoltaic cell, no losses of UV and / or IR photoconvertible light are generated and the conversion efficiency of the light that falls on the photovoltaic collector is maximized. in electrical energy

Cuando la lámina o las láminas poliméricas se disponen sobre las caras de las láminas de vidrio más cercanas a la célula fotovoltaica, la luz UV y/o IR incidente entra en contacto con las láminas de vidrio antes de fotoconvertirse en las láminas poliméricas, y como consecuencia de ello, parte de dicha luz UV y/o IR es absorbida por las láminas de vidrio y no llega a alcanzar las láminas poliméricas, con lo que se convierte una menor cantidad de luz UV y/o IR procedente de la luz solar en fotones correspondientes al rango espectral en el cual opera óptimamente la célula fotovoltaica y consecuentemente se genera una menor cantidad de energía eléctrica. Sin embargo, esta configuración con las láminas poliméricas dispuestas sobre las caras de las láminas de vidrio más cercanas a la célula fotovoltaica presenta la ventaja de una mayor durabilidad de la lámina polimérica ya que se encuentra más protegida frente a los factores meteorológicos o externos. Además, el efecto de la absorción de la luz UV y/o IR por parte de las láminas de vidrio puede minimizarse mediante láminas de vidrio de espesor reducido y/o de elevada transmitancia. When the sheet or polymer sheets are disposed on the faces of the glass sheets closest to the photovoltaic cell, the incident UV and / or IR light comes into contact with the glass sheets before photoconverting into the polymer sheets, and as as a result, part of said UV and / or IR light is absorbed by the glass sheets and does not reach the polymer sheets, thereby converting a smaller amount of UV and / or IR light from sunlight into photons corresponding to the spectral range in which the photovoltaic cell operates optimally and consequently a smaller amount of electrical energy is generated. However, this configuration with the polymeric sheets arranged on the faces of the glass sheets closest to the photovoltaic cell has the advantage of greater durability of the polymeric sheet since it is more protected against weather or external factors. In addition, the effect of the absorption of UV and / or IR light by glass sheets can be minimized by glass sheets of reduced thickness and / or high transmittance.

En una realización el espejo cóncavo está dispuesto en contacto con la primera lámina polimérica o con la primera lámina de vidrio, según corresponda, es decir, con la primera lámina polimérica, en el caso en que la lámina polimérica está dispuesta en la cara de la lámina de vidrio más alejada de la célula fotovoltaica o con la primera lámina de vidrio, en el caso en que la lámina polimérica está dispuesta en la cara de la lámina vidrio más próxima a la célula fotovoltaica. Ventajosamente, se minimizan con esta realización las pérdidas de fotones emitidos por las láminas poliméricas. In one embodiment the concave mirror is arranged in contact with the first polymeric sheet or with the first glass sheet, as appropriate, that is, with the first polymeric sheet, in the case where the polymeric sheet is arranged on the face of the glass sheet furthest from the photovoltaic cell or with the first glass sheet, in the case where the polymer sheet is arranged on the face of the glass sheet closest to the photovoltaic cell. Advantageously, the losses of photons emitted by the polymer sheets are minimized with this embodiment.

En una realización el colector fotovoltaico comprende una capa de material encapsulante dispuesta entre la célula fotovoltaica y la primera y/o segunda lámina de vidrio. In one embodiment the photovoltaic collector comprises a layer of encapsulating material disposed between the photovoltaic cell and the first and / or second sheet of glass.

En una realización, el material encapsulante es PMMA (polimetilmetacrilato), PVB (polivinil butiral), TPU (poliuretano termoplástico), ionómero termoplástico, TPO (poliolefina termoplástica), PU (poliuretano), EVA (acetato de etil-vinilo) o silicona o encapsulantes líquidos acrílicos. En una realización particular, el material encapsulante es EVA. In one embodiment, the encapsulating material is PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate), PVB (polyvinyl butyral), TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane), thermoplastic ionomer, TPO (thermoplastic polyolefin), PU (polyurethane), EVA (ethyl vinyl acetate) or silicone or Acrylic liquid encapsulants. In a particular embodiment, the encapsulating material is EVA.

En una realización el colector fotovoltaico comprende adicionalmente medios de concentración de radiación, situados de manera que su foco está dispuesto en el orificio del espejo cóncavo. In one embodiment, the photovoltaic collector further comprises radiation concentration means, located so that its focus is arranged in the hole of the concave mirror.

En una realización los medios de concentración de radiación comprenden una lente o un segundo espejo cóncavo. En una realización preferida la lente es una lente convergente o una lente de Fresnel. En otra realización el segundo espejo cóncavo es un espejo parabólico, un espejo de disco, un espejo esférico, un espejo elipsoidal o un espejo cilindro-parabólico. In one embodiment the radiation concentration means comprise a lens or a second concave mirror. In a preferred embodiment the lens is a converging lens or a Fresnel lens. In another embodiment the second concave mirror is a parabolic mirror, a disk mirror, a spherical mirror, an ellipsoidal mirror or a parabolic trough mirror.

En una realización el orificio del primer espejo cóncavo tiene forma circular o lineal. Preferentemente, en el caso en que el segundo espejo cóncavo es cilindro-parabólico el orificio del primer espejo cóncavo es lineal. In one embodiment, the opening of the first concave mirror is circular or linear in shape. Preferably, in the case where the second concave mirror is parabolic trough, the opening of the first concave mirror is linear.

En una realización el contenido total de polímero y copolímero en cada lámina polimérica presente en el colector solar es de al menos el 90% en peso relativo al peso total de la lámina polimérica. In one embodiment the total polymer and copolymer content in each polymer sheet present in the solar collector is at least 90% by weight relative to the total weight of the polymer sheet.

En una realización el polímero o copolímero comprendido en la lámina polimérica, o en las láminas poliméricas en el caso de tratarse de sistemas basados en células fotovoltaicas bifaciales, es PMMA (polimetilmetacrilato), PVB (polivinil butiral), TPU (poliuretano termoplástico), ionómero termoplástico, TPO (poliolefina termoplástica), PU (poliuretano), EVA (acetato de etil-vinilo) o silicona. En una realización particular, dicho polímero o copolímero es PMMA o EVA. En una realización aún más particular, dicho polímero o copolímero es PMMA. En el caso de tratarse de sistemas basados en células fotovoltaicas bifaciales, el polímero o copolímero puede seleccionarse independientemente en una y otra lámina polimérica. In one embodiment the polymer or copolymer comprised in the polymeric sheet, or in the polymeric sheets in the case of systems based on bifacial photovoltaic cells, is PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate), PVB (polyvinyl butyral), TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane), ionomer thermoplastic, TPO (thermoplastic polyolefin), PU (polyurethane), EVA (ethyl vinyl acetate) or silicone. In a particular embodiment, said polymer or copolymer is PMMA or EVA. In an even more particular embodiment, said polymer or copolymer is PMMA. In the case of systems based on bifacial photovoltaic cells, the polymer or copolymer can be independently selected in both polymer sheets.

En una realización el contenido total de compuesto fotoconversor en cada lámina polimérica presente en el colector solar es de como máximo el 10% en peso relativo al peso total de la lámina polimérica. In one embodiment the total content of photoconverter compound in each polymer sheet present in the solar collector is at most 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the polymer sheet.

En la presente invención, por compuesto fotoconversor se entiende cualquier compuesto capaz de absorber fotones de una particular longitud de onda, o un particular rango de longitudes de onda, y re-emitir fotones de diferente longitud de onda o diferentes rangos de longitud de onda correspondientes al rango espectral en el cual opera óptimamente la célula fotovoltaica, que como se indicó anteriormente es el rango de luz entre 500 nm y 1 100 nm. In the present invention, "photoconverter compound" means any compound capable of absorbing photons of a particular wavelength, or a particular range of wavelengths, and re-emitting photons of different wavelength or different corresponding wavelength ranges. at the spectral range in which the photovoltaic cell operates optimally, which as indicated above is the light range between 500 nm and 1,100 nm.

En una realización, el al menos un compuesto fotoconversor comprendido en la lámina polimérica es un compuesto fotoconversor a la baja, es decir, un compuesto capaz de absorber fotones de una longitud de onda o de un rango de longitudes de onda correspondientes al rango UV presente en la luz solar (entre 280 y 500 nm), y que posteriormente re-emite fotones de una longitud de onda o de un rango de longitudes de onda correspondientes al rango espectral en el cual opera óptimamente la célula fotovoltaica. Ejemplos de este tipo de compuesto fotoconversor son los que se describen a continuación. In one embodiment, the at least one photoconverter compound comprised in the polymeric sheet is a downward photoconverter compound, that is, a compound capable of absorbing photons of a wavelength or a range of wavelengths corresponding to the present UV range. in sunlight (between 280 and 500 nm), and that subsequently it re-emits photons of a wavelength or a range of wavelengths corresponding to the spectral range in which the photovoltaic cell operates optimally. Examples of this type of photoconverter compound are those described below.

En una realización el compuesto fotoconversor a la baja es un complejo formado por al menos un ion lantanoide seleccionado del grupo formado por La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Sm, Tb, Dy, Er e Yb; In one embodiment, the downward photoconverter compound is a complex formed by at least one lantanoid ion selected from the group consisting of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Sm, Tb, Dy, Er and Yb;

al menos un primer ligando, en donde dicho primer ligando comprende al menos un heterociclo aromático que comprende al menos un heteroátomo de nitrógeno; y  at least one first ligand, wherein said first ligand comprises at least one aromatic heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen heteroatom; Y

al menos un segundo ligando, en donde dicho segundo ligando se selecciona entre:  at least one second ligand, wherein said second ligand is selected from:

un ion cloruro;  a chloride ion;

un grupo carboxílico de fórmula R COOH, en donde se selecciona entre:  a carboxylic group of formula R COOH, wherein it is selected from:

H;  H;

alquilo opcionalmente sustituido con F; y  alkyl optionally substituted with F; Y

un grupo arilo de fórmula  an aryl group of formula

Figure imgf000009_0001
Figure imgf000009_0001

R5, R6, R7, Rs, y R9 se seleccionan, independientemente, entre H, F, alquilo opcionalmente sustituido con F, y arilo opcionalmente sustituido con F; y R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , Rs, and R9 are independently selected from H, F, alkyl optionally substituted with F, and aryl optionally substituted with F; Y

un grupo betadicetona de fórmula  a betadicetone group of formula

Figure imgf000009_0002
, en donde
Figure imgf000009_0002
, where

R2 y R4 se seleccionan, independientemente, entre H, alquilo opcionalmente sustituido con F, y arilo opcionalmente sustituido con F; R3 se selecciona entre H, F, alquilo opcionalmente sustituido con F, y arilo opcionalmente sustituido con F. R 2 and R 4 are independently selected from H, alkyl optionally substituted with F, and aryl optionally substituted with F; R 3 is selected from H, F, alkyl optionally substituted with F, and aryl optionally substituted with F.

En una realización el ión lantanoide es Eu. In one embodiment the lantanoid ion is Eu.

En una realización el primer ligando es la 2,2 -bipiridina o la fenantrolina o un compuesto derivado de éstos que preferiblemente es la 5-metil-1 , 10-fenantrolina, la 4,7-dihidroxi-1 ,10-fenantrolina, la 5-nitro-1 ,10-fenantrolina, la 4-metil-1 ,10-fenantrolina, la 5-cloro-1 ,10-fenantrolina o la bathofenantrolina (4,7-difenil-1 , 10-fenantrolina). In one embodiment the first ligand is 2,2-bipyridine or phenanthroline or a compound derived therefrom which is preferably 5-methyl-1, 10-phenanthroline, 4,7-dihydroxy-1, 10-phenanthroline, the 5-nitro-1, 10-phenanthroline, 4-methyl-1, 10-phenanthroline, 5-chloro-1, 10-phenanthroline or bathophenantroline (4,7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline).

En una realización el segundo ligando se selecciona entre: In one embodiment the second ligand is selected from:

un grupo de fórmula  a group of formula

Figure imgf000010_0001
en donde R5, R6, R7, Rs, y R9 se seleccionan, independientemente, entre H, F, alquilo opcionalmente sustituido con F, y arilo opcionalmente sustituido con F; y
Figure imgf000010_0001
wherein R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , Rs, and R9 are independently selected from H, F, alkyl optionally substituted with F, and aryl optionally substituted with F; Y

un grupo betadicetona tal y como se definió anteriormente.  a betadicetone group as defined above.

En una realización el segundo ligando está sustituido con al menos un grupo F. In one embodiment the second ligand is substituted with at least one group F.

En una realización, el segundo ligando es el benzoato o el pentafluorobenzoato. In one embodiment, the second ligand is benzoate or pentafluorobenzoate.

Sin embargo, en la presente invención también se contempla el empleo de compuestos fotoconversores a la alta, es decir compuestos capaces de absorber fotones de una longitud de onda o de un rango de longitudes de onda correspondientes al rango IR presente en la luz solar (principalmente al rango entre unos 1 100 y 2500 nm), y que posteriormente re-emiten fotones de una longitud de onda o de un rango de longitudes de onda correspondientes al rango espectral en el cual opera óptimamente la célula fotovoltaica. Esto es especialmente adecuado para incrementar la eficiencia en módulos fotovoltaicos que comprenden una lámina polimérica en su parte posterior, debido a que la radiación del albedo suele tener una componente mayoritaria en el rango IR. Por ello, en una realización el al menos un compuesto fotoconversor comprendido en la lámina polimérica es un compuesto fotoconversor a la alta. However, the use of photoconverter compounds at high is also contemplated in the present invention, ie compounds capable of absorbing photons of a wavelength or a range of wavelengths corresponding to the IR range present in sunlight (mainly to the range between 1 100 and 2500 nm), and which subsequently re-emit photons of a wavelength or a range of wavelengths corresponding to the spectral range in which the photovoltaic cell operates optimally. This is especially suitable for increasing efficiency in photovoltaic modules that comprise a polymeric sheet at its back, because the radiation of the albedo usually has a major component in the IR range. Therefore, in one embodiment the at least one photoconverter compound comprised in the polymeric sheet is a high conversion photoconverter compound.

En una realización el al menos un compuesto fotoconversor comprendido en la lámina polimérica es un compuesto fotoconversor a la alta que se selecciona del grupo que consiste en NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ (fluoruros de itrio y sodio dopados con Er y Yb); β- NaYF4:Er3+/Yb3+ (fluoruros de itrio y sodio dopados con Er o Yb); o p-NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ (fluoruros de itrio y sodio dopados con Yb y Tm). In one embodiment the at least one photoconverter compound comprised in the polymeric sheet is a high conversion photoconverter compound that is selected from the group consisting of NaYF 4 : Er 3+ , Yb 3+ (yttrium and sodium fluorides doped with Er and Yb ); β- NaYF 4 : Er 3+ / Yb 3+ (yttrium and sodium fluorides doped with Er or Yb); or p-NaYF 4 : Yb 3+ , Tm 3+ (yttrium and sodium fluorides doped with Yb and Tm).

Por otro lado, en la presente invención se contempla igualmente el empleo de más de un tipo de compuesto fotoconversor en un mismo colector fotovoltaico. Gracias a la incorporación de diferentes tipos de compuestos fotoconversores se puede maximizar la eficiencia de conversión de energía. On the other hand, the present invention also contemplates the use of more than one type of photoconverter compound in the same photovoltaic collector. Thanks to the incorporation of different types of photoconverter compounds, energy conversion efficiency can be maximized.

En una realización, la célula fotovoltaica es de tipo bifacial, y la primera lámina polimérica comprende al menos un compuesto fotoconversor a la baja tal y como se definió anteriormente, y la segunda lámina polimérica comprende al menos un compuesto fotoconversor a la alta tal y como se definió anteriormente. In one embodiment, the photovoltaic cell is of the bifacial type, and the first polymeric sheet comprises at least one downward photoconverter compound as defined above, and the second polymeric sheet comprises at least one upstream photoconverter compound as It was defined above.

Como se indicó anteriormente, en campos de nieve el albedo es muy intenso en radiación UV. Por ello, en una realización la célula fotovoltaica es de tipo bifacial, y la primera lámina polimérica comprende al menos un compuesto fotoconversor a la baja tal y como se definió anteriormente, y la segunda lámina polimérica comprende al menos un compuesto fotoconversor a la baja tal y como se definió anteriormente. As indicated above, in snowfields the albedo is very intense in UV radiation. Therefore, in one embodiment the photovoltaic cell is of the bifacial type, and the first polymeric sheet comprises at least one downward photoconverter compound as defined above, and the second polymeric sheet comprises at least one downward photoconverter compound such and as defined above.

En una realización, la lámina polimérica comprende al menos dos compuestos fotoconversores, que se seleccionan, independientemente, entre un compuesto fotoconversor a la baja y un compuesto fotoconversor a la alta tal y como se definieron anteriormente. In one embodiment, the polymeric sheet comprises at least two photoconverter compounds, which are independently selected from a low photoconverter compound and a high photoconverter compound as defined above.

En una realización la célula fotovoltaica es de tipo bifacial, y tanto la primera lámina polimérica como la segunda lámina polimérica comprenden al menos dos compuestos fotoconversores, que, independientemente en una y otra lámina polimérica, son un compuesto fotoconversor a la baja tal y como se definió anteriormente y/o un compuesto fotoconversor a la alta tal y como se definió anteriormente. En una realización las láminas poliméricas comprenden adicionalmente al menos un aditivo seleccionado del grupo formado por un antiácido, un plastificante, un taquificante, un antioxidante y un agente antirayado. In one embodiment the photovoltaic cell is of the bifacial type, and both the first polymeric sheet and the second polymeric sheet comprise at least two photoconverter compounds, which, independently in one and another polymeric sheet, are a downward photoconverter compound as it is defined above and / or a high conversion photoconverter compound as defined above. In one embodiment, the polymeric sheets additionally comprise at least one additive selected from the group consisting of an antacid, a plasticizer, a tachyifier, an antioxidant and an anti-scratch agent.

Todas las características descritas en esta memoria (incluyendo las reivindicaciones, descripción y dibujos) pueden combinarse en cualquier combinación, exceptuando las combinaciones de tales características mutuamente excluyentes. All features described herein (including the claims, description and drawings) may be combined in any combination, except for combinations of such mutually exclusive features.

DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Para complementar la descripción que seguidamente se va a realizar y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características de la invención, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica de la misma, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente: To complement the description that will then be made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set is attached as an integral part of said description. of drawings where illustrative and not limiting, the following has been represented:

La figura 1 muestra una representación esquemática de un colector fotovoltaico según una realización de la invención. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a photovoltaic collector according to an embodiment of the invention.

La figura 2 muestra una vista ampliada del módulo fotovoltaico presente en el colector fotovoltaico de la figura 1. Figure 2 shows an enlarged view of the photovoltaic module present in the photovoltaic collector of Figure 1.

La figura 3 muestra una realización de un módulo fotovoltaico presente en una realización del colector fotovoltaico de la invención. Figure 3 shows an embodiment of a photovoltaic module present in an embodiment of the photovoltaic collector of the invention.

La figura 4 muestra una representación esquemática de un colector fotovoltaico según una realización de la invención. Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of a photovoltaic collector according to an embodiment of the invention.

La figura 5 muestra una vista ampliada del módulo fotovoltaico presente en el colector fotovoltaico de la figura 4. Figure 5 shows an enlarged view of the photovoltaic module present in the photovoltaic collector of Figure 4.

La figura 6 muestra una representación esquemática de un colector fotovoltaico según una realización de la invención. La figura 7 muestra una representación esquemática de un colector fotovoltaico según una realización de la invención. Figure 6 shows a schematic representation of a photovoltaic collector according to an embodiment of the invention. Figure 7 shows a schematic representation of a photovoltaic collector according to an embodiment of the invention.

La figura 8 muestra una representación esquemática de un colector fotovoltaico según una realización de la invención. Figure 8 shows a schematic representation of a photovoltaic collector according to an embodiment of the invention.

REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

En la figura 1 se muestra esquemáticamente una realización del colector fotovoltaico de la invención, que incluye un espejo cóncavo (4) dotado de un orificio, una pluralidad de células fotovoltaicas (1) dispuestas sustancialmente coplanarias, configurando un panel, con sus áreas activas orientadas hacia la superficie reflectante cóncava del espejo cóncavo (4), una capa de material encapsulante (5), que rodea a las células fotovoltaicas (1), una lámina de vidrio (2) dispuesta entre el espejo cóncavo y las células fotovoltaicas (1) y una lámina polimérica (3) transparente dispuesta sobre la lámina de vidrio. An embodiment of the photovoltaic collector of the invention is schematically shown in Figure 1, which includes a concave mirror (4) provided with a hole, a plurality of photovoltaic cells (1) arranged substantially coplanar, forming a panel, with its active areas oriented towards the concave reflective surface of the concave mirror (4), a layer of encapsulating material (5), which surrounds the photovoltaic cells (1), a glass sheet (2) arranged between the concave mirror and the photovoltaic cells (1) and a transparent polymeric sheet (3) disposed on the glass sheet.

En la figura 2 se muestra una vista ampliada de la estructura de capas presentes en el colector fotovoltaico de la figura 1 , que comprende una pluralidad de células fotovoltaicas (1) dispuestas configurando un panel, una capa de material encapsulante (5), que rodea a las células fotovoltaicas (1), una lámina de vidrio (2) dispuesta sobre una de las caras de la capa de material encapsulante (5) y una lámina polimérica conversora (3) dispuesta sobre la lámina de vidrio (2). En el presente documento se entenderá como "módulo fotovoltaico" la estructura de capas que incluye al menos una célula fotovoltaica, al menos una lámina de vidrio y al menos una lámina polimérica. Figure 2 shows an enlarged view of the structure of layers present in the photovoltaic collector of Figure 1, which comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cells (1) arranged by configuring a panel, a layer of encapsulating material (5), which surrounds to the photovoltaic cells (1), a glass sheet (2) arranged on one of the faces of the layer of encapsulating material (5) and a polymeric converter sheet (3) arranged on the glass sheet (2). In this document, "photovoltaic module" means the layer structure that includes at least one photovoltaic cell, at least one glass sheet and at least one polymeric sheet.

En el colector fotovoltaico de la presente invención pueden emplearse tanto una como varias células fotovoltaicas individuales, tales como las basadas en silicio mono- y/o multicristal, como células fotovoltaicas de lámina delgada. In the photovoltaic collector of the present invention both one and several individual photovoltaic cells, such as those based on mono- and / or multicrystalline silicon, can be used as thin-film photovoltaic cells.

En la realización mostrada en la figuras 1 y 2 el colector presenta una única lámina polimérica conversora (3), en contacto con la cual está dispuesto el espejo cóncavo (4). El colector de la realización incluye adicionalmente unos medios de concentración, en particular una lente convergente (6), dispuesta con su foco situado en el orificio del espejo cóncavo para concentrar la radiación solar que incide sobre la lente convergente en dicho orificio. La radiación solar se ha representado en las figuras mediante flechas. La función del espejo cóncavo es no dejar escapar los fotones que no han sido convertidos a energía eléctrica por las células fotovoltaicas, provocando su reflexión de vuelta a las células fotovoltaicas. La combinación de la lente convergente y el espejo cóncavo produce un aumento apreciable en la producción de energía eléctrica. In the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2, the collector has a single polymeric converter sheet (3), in contact with which the concave mirror (4) is arranged. The collector of the embodiment additionally includes concentration means, in particular a converging lens (6), arranged with its focus located in the orifice of the concave mirror to concentrate the solar radiation that falls on the lens. convergent in said hole. Solar radiation has been represented in the figures by arrows. The function of the concave mirror is to not let out the photons that have not been converted to electrical energy by the photovoltaic cells, causing their reflection back to the photovoltaic cells. The combination of the converging lens and the concave mirror produces an appreciable increase in the production of electrical energy.

En la figura 3 se muestra una realización de módulo fotovoltaico que se diferencia del representado en la figura 2 en que las células fotovoltaicas son en este caso células fotovoltaicas bifaciales (10), con áreas activas en sus caras frontal y posterior, y en que el módulo fotovoltaico presenta en este caso una segunda lámina de vidrio (7). Las células fotovoltaicas (10) bifaciales están dispuestas sustancialmente coplanarias, configurando un panel. Una capa de material encapsulante (5) rodea a las células fotovoltaicas (10) y la primera (2) y la segunda (7) lámina de vidrio están dispuestas de manera que el material encapsulante (5) queda intercalado entre ambas. El módulo fotovoltaico de esta realización presenta adicionalmente una lámina polimérica conversora (3), dispuesta sobre la primera lámina de vidrio (2), en la cara de la lámina de vidrio más alejada de las células fotovoltaicas (10). Un módulo fotovoltaico como el descrito con referencia a la figura 3 podría emplearse en el colector de la figura 1 como alternativa al descrito en esa realización. La presencia de células fotovoltaicas bifaciales (10) permite en este caso aprovechar la radiación recibida por ambas caras del módulo fotovoltaico para realizar la conversión de energía solar a energía eléctrica. Figure 3 shows an embodiment of a photovoltaic module that differs from that shown in Figure 2 in that the photovoltaic cells are in this case bifacial photovoltaic cells (10), with active areas on their front and back faces, and in that the In this case, the photovoltaic module presents a second sheet of glass (7). The bifacial photovoltaic cells (10) are arranged substantially coplanar, forming a panel. A layer of encapsulating material (5) surrounds the photovoltaic cells (10) and the first (2) and the second (7) glass sheet are arranged so that the encapsulating material (5) is sandwiched between them. The photovoltaic module of this embodiment additionally has a polymeric converter sheet (3), arranged on the first glass sheet (2), on the face of the glass sheet farthest from the photovoltaic cells (10). A photovoltaic module such as that described with reference to Figure 3 could be used in the collector of Figure 1 as an alternative to that described in that embodiment. The presence of bifacial photovoltaic cells (10) allows in this case to take advantage of the radiation received by both sides of the photovoltaic module to convert solar energy to electrical energy.

En la figura 4 se muestra una segunda realización del colector de la invención, que se diferencia del descrito con referencia a la figura 1 en que en este caso las células fotovoltaicas (10) son bifaciales, y en que el colector incluye una segunda lámina de vidrio (7) y una segunda lámina polimérica (8). A second embodiment of the collector of the invention is shown in Figure 4, which differs from that described with reference to Figure 1 in that in this case the photovoltaic cells (10) are bifacial, and in which the collector includes a second sheet of glass (7) and a second polymeric sheet (8).

En la figura 5 se muestra ampliada la estructura de capas del módulo fotovoltaico incluido en el colector fotovoltaico de la figura 4, que incluye las células fotovoltaicas (10) bifaciales dispuestas configurando un panel, una capa de material encapsulante (5), que rodea a las células fotovoltaicas (10), una primera (2) y una segunda (7) lámina de vidrio, dispuestas cada una sobre una cara del material encapsulante (5) y dos láminas poliméricas conversoras (3, 8), dispuestas cada una sobre una de las láminas de vidrio (2, 7), en la cara de la lámina de vidrio más alejada de las células fotovoltaicas (10). Figure 5 shows the expanded structure of the photovoltaic module layers included in the photovoltaic collector of Figure 4, which includes the bifacial photovoltaic cells (10) arranged by configuring a panel, a layer of encapsulating material (5), which surrounds the photovoltaic cells (10), a first (2) and a second (7) glass sheet, each arranged on one side of the encapsulating material (5) and two polymeric converter sheets (3, 8), each arranged on a of the glass sheets (2, 7), on the face of the glass sheet furthest from the cells photovoltaic (10).

La presencia de la segunda lámina conversora (8) en la parte trasera del módulo fotovoltaico permite generar procesos adicionales de conversión a la alta o a la baja, lo que aumenta la eficiencia de conversión. The presence of the second converter sheet (8) at the rear of the photovoltaic module allows the generation of additional conversion processes up or down, which increases the conversion efficiency.

En la figura 6 se muestra una realización del colector fotovoltaico según la invención, análogo al descrito con referencia a las figuras 4 y 5, salvo por que incluye adicionalmente un reflector trasero (9) plano dispuesto en la parte trasera del módulo fotovoltaico para evitar la pérdida de radiación por transmitancia. El reflector (9) refleja de vuelta hacia las células fotovoltaicas (10) los fotones procedentes de la parte frontal del módulo fotovoltaico transmitidos a través de las células fotovoltaicas y los fotones emitidos hacia el exterior del módulo por la segunda lámina polimérica conversora (8), contribuyendo dichos fotones reflejados a incrementar la eficiencia al ser absorbidos por las células fotovoltaicas. An embodiment of the photovoltaic collector according to the invention is shown in Figure 6, analogous to that described with reference to Figures 4 and 5, except that it additionally includes a flat rear reflector (9) arranged at the rear of the photovoltaic module to avoid the loss of radiation by transmittance. The reflector (9) reflects back to the photovoltaic cells (10) the photons coming from the front of the photovoltaic module transmitted through the photovoltaic cells and the photons emitted outside the module by the second polymeric converter sheet (8) , contributing said reflected photons to increase efficiency by being absorbed by photovoltaic cells.

En la figura 7 se muestra una realización del colector fotovoltaico de la invención análogo al de la figura 1 , pero utilizando una lente de Fresnel (9) como medio de concentración en vez de una lente convergente. Ventajosamente, el uso de una lente de Fresnel permite que el sistema de concentración no necesite sistema de seguimiento solar dado que la lente de Fresnel está diseñada para hacer converger la radiación solar sobre la célula fotovoltaica independientemente del ángulo de incidencia de la radiación solar sobre dicha lente. Figure 7 shows an embodiment of the photovoltaic collector of the invention analogous to that of Figure 1, but using a Fresnel lens (9) as a means of concentration instead of a converging lens. Advantageously, the use of a Fresnel lens allows the concentration system to not need a solar tracking system since the Fresnel lens is designed to converge solar radiation on the photovoltaic cell regardless of the angle of incidence of solar radiation on said lens.

En la figura 8 se muestra una realización del colector fotovoltaico de la invención análogo al de la figura 1 , pero utilizando un segundo espejo cóncavo (11) como medio de concentración en lugar de una lente convergente. Figure 8 shows an embodiment of the photovoltaic collector of the invention analogous to that of Figure 1, but using a second concave mirror (11) as a means of concentration instead of a converging lens.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES 1. - Colector fotovoltaico que comprende 1. - Photovoltaic collector comprising al menos una célula fotovoltaica (1 , 10), at least one photovoltaic cell (1, 10), un espejo cóncavo (4), dotado de un orificio, a concave mirror (4), provided with a hole, una lámina de vidrio (2), dispuesta entre el espejo cóncavo (4) y la célula fotovoltaicaa sheet of glass (2), arranged between the concave mirror (4) and the photovoltaic cell (1), (one), y una lámina polimérica (3) trasparente dispuesta sobre la lámina de vidrio (2), en donde el espejo cóncavo (4) está dispuesto con su superficie reflectante orientada hacia la lámina polimérica (3) y en donde la lámina polimérica comprende: and a transparent polymeric sheet (3) disposed on the glass sheet (2), wherein the concave mirror (4) is arranged with its reflective surface oriented towards the polymeric sheet (3) and where the polymeric sheet comprises: al menos un polímero o copolímero; y  at least one polymer or copolymer; Y al menos un compuesto fotoconversor.  At least one photoconverter compound. 2. - Colector fotovoltaico según la reivindicación 1 , que comprende adicionalmente una segunda lámina de vidrio (7) y una segunda lámina polimérica (8), en donde la segunda lámina polimérica comprende al menos un polímero o copolímero y al menos un compuesto fotoconversor, estando la segunda lámina polimérica (8) dispuesta sobre la segunda lámina de vidrio (7), estando dispuesta la célula fotovoltaica (10) entre las dos láminas de vidrio (2, 7) del colector fotovoltaico, y en donde la célula fotovoltaica (10) es una célula fotovoltaica bifacial. 2. - Photovoltaic collector according to claim 1, further comprising a second glass sheet (7) and a second polymeric sheet (8), wherein the second polymeric sheet comprises at least one polymer or copolymer and at least one photoconverter compound, the second polymeric sheet (8) being arranged on the second glass sheet (7), the photovoltaic cell (10) being arranged between the two glass sheets (2, 7) of the photovoltaic collector, and where the photovoltaic cell (10 ) is a bifacial photovoltaic cell. 3. - Colector fotovoltaico según la reivindicación 2, que comprende adicionalmente un reflector trasero (9) plano en contacto con la segunda lámina polimérica (8). 3. - Photovoltaic collector according to claim 2, further comprising a flat rear reflector (9) in contact with the second polymeric sheet (8). 4. - Colector fotovoltaico según la reivindicación 2, que comprende adicionalmente un reflector trasero plano orientado hacia la segunda lámina polimérica (8). 4. - Photovoltaic collector according to claim 2, further comprising a flat rear reflector oriented towards the second polymeric sheet (8). 5. - Colector fotovoltaico según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde las láminas poliméricas (3, 8) están dispuestas en las caras de las láminas de vidrio (2, 7) más alejadas de la célula fotovoltaica (1 , 10). 5. - Photovoltaic collector according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer sheets (3, 8) are arranged on the faces of the glass sheets (2, 7) further away from the photovoltaic cell (1, 10). 6. - Colector fotovoltaico según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde el espejo cóncavo (4) está dispuesto en contacto con la primera lámina polimérica (3) o con la primera lámina de vidrio, según corresponda. 6. - Photovoltaic collector according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the concave mirror (4) is arranged in contact with the first polymeric sheet (3) or with the first glass sheet, as appropriate. 7. - Colector fotovoltaico según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, que comprende al menos una capa de material encapsulante (5) dispuesta en contacto con la al menos una célula fotovoltaica (1 , 10). 7. - Photovoltaic collector according to any of the preceding claims, which It comprises at least one layer of encapsulating material (5) disposed in contact with the at least one photovoltaic cell (1, 10). 8. - Colector fotovoltaico según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, que comprende adicionalmente medios de concentración de radiación (6, 9, 11), situados de manera que el foco de los medios de concentración de radiación está dispuesto en el orificio del espejo cóncavo (4). 8. - Photovoltaic collector according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising radiation concentration means (6, 9, 11), located such that the focus of the radiation concentration means is arranged in the hole of the concave mirror ( 4). 9. - Colector fotovoltaico según la reivindicación 8, en donde los medios de concentración de radiación comprenden una lente (6, 9) o un segundo espejo cóncavo (1 1). 9. - Photovoltaic collector according to claim 8, wherein the radiation concentration means comprise a lens (6, 9) or a second concave mirror (1 1). 10. - Colector fotovoltaico según la reivindicación 9, en donde la lente es una lente convergente (6) o una lente de Fresnel (9). 10. - Photovoltaic collector according to claim 9, wherein the lens is a converging lens (6) or a Fresnel lens (9). 1 1. - Colector fotovoltaico según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde el primer (4) y/o el segundo (11) espejo cóncavo es un espejo parabólico, un espejo de disco, un espejo esférico, un espejo elipsoidal o un espejo cilindro- parabólico. 1 1. - Photovoltaic collector according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first (4) and / or the second (11) concave mirror is a parabolic mirror, a disk mirror, a spherical mirror, an ellipsoidal mirror or a mirror parabolic cylinder. 12. Colector fotovoltaico según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde el orificio del primer espejo cóncavo (4) tiene una forma seleccionada de entre: circular y lineal. 12. Photovoltaic collector according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the hole of the first concave mirror (4) has a shape selected from: circular and linear. 13. - Colector fotovoltaico según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde el contenido total de polímero y copolímero en cada lámina polimérica (3, 8) es de al menos el 90% en peso. 13. - Photovoltaic collector according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the total polymer and copolymer content in each polymer sheet (3, 8) is at least 90% by weight. 14. - Colector fotovoltaico según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde el polímero o copolímero comprendido en cada lámina polimérica (3, 8) es PMMA. 14. - Photovoltaic collector according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer or copolymer comprised in each polymeric sheet (3, 8) is PMMA. 15. - Colector fotovoltaico según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde el contenido total de compuesto fotoconversor en cada lámina polimérica (3, 8) es de como máximo el 10% en peso. 15. - Photovoltaic collector according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the total content of photoconverter compound in each polymer sheet (3, 8) is a maximum of 10% by weight. 16.- Colector fotovoltaico según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde el compuesto fotoconversor es un complejo formado por 16.- Photovoltaic collector according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the photoconverter compound is a complex formed by al menos un ion lantanoide seleccionado del grupo formado por La, Ce, Pr, Nd, at least one lantanoid ion selected from the group consisting of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Sm, Tb, Dy, Er e Yb; Eu, Sm, Tb, Dy, Er and Yb; al menos un primer ligando, en donde dicho primer ligando comprende al menos un heterociclo aromático que comprende al menos un heteroátomo de nitrógeno; y  at least one first ligand, wherein said first ligand comprises at least one aromatic heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen heteroatom; Y al menos un segundo ligando, en donde dicho segundo ligando se selecciona entre:  at least one second ligand, wherein said second ligand is selected from: un ion cloruro;  a chloride ion; un grupo carboxílico de fórmula R COOH, en donde se selecciona entre:  a carboxylic group of formula R COOH, wherein it is selected from: H;  H; alquilo opcionalmente sustituido con F; y  alkyl optionally substituted with F; Y un grupo arilo de fórmula  an aryl group of formula
Figure imgf000018_0001
, en donde
Figure imgf000018_0001
, where R5, R6, R7, Rs, y R9 se seleccionan, independientemente, entre H, F, alquilo opcionalmente sustituido con F, y arilo opcionalmente sustituido con F; y R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , Rs, and R9 are independently selected from H, F, alkyl optionally substituted with F, and aryl optionally substituted with F; Y un grupo betadicetona de fórmula  a betadicetone group of formula
Figure imgf000018_0002
, en donde
Figure imgf000018_0002
, where R2 y R4 se seleccionan, independientemente, entre H, alquilo opcionalmente sustituido con F, y arilo opcionalmente sustituido con F; R 2 and R 4 are independently selected from H, alkyl optionally substituted with F, and aryl optionally substituted with F; R3 se selecciona entre H, F, alquilo opcionalmente sustituido con F, y arilo opcionalmente sustituido con F. R 3 is selected from H, F, alkyl optionally substituted with F, and aryl optionally substituted with F. 17. - Colector fotovoltaico según la reivindicación 16, en donde el ión lantanoide es Eu. 17. - Photovoltaic collector according to claim 16, wherein the lantanoid ion is Eu. 18. - Colector fotovoltaico según las reivindicaciones 16 o 17, en donde el primer ligando es la 2,2'-bipiridina, la fenantrolina, la 5-metil-1 ,10-fenantrolina, la 4,7-dihidroxi- 1 ,10-fenantrolina, la 5-nitro-1 ,10-fenantrolina, la 4-metil-1 ,10-fenantrolina, la 5-cloro- 1 ,10-fenantrolina o la bathofenantrolina (4,7-difenil-1 , 10-fenantrolina). 18. - Photovoltaic collector according to claims 16 or 17, wherein the first ligand is 2,2'-bipyridine, phenanthroline, 5-methyl-1, 10-phenanthroline, 4,7-dihydroxy-1, 10 -phenanthroline, 5-nitro-1, 10-phenanthroline, 4-methyl-1, 10-phenanthroline, 5-chloro-1, 10-phenanthroline or bathophenantroline (4,7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline ). 19. - Colector fotovoltaico según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 16 a 18, en donde el segundo ligando se selecciona entre: 19. - Photovoltaic collector according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the second ligand is selected from: un grupo de fórmula  a group of formula
Figure imgf000019_0001
en donde R5, R6, R7, Rs, y Rg se seleccionan, independientemente, entre H, F, alquilo opcionalmente sustituido con F, y arilo opcionalmente sustituido con F; y
Figure imgf000019_0001
wherein R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , Rs, and Rg are independently selected from H, F, alkyl optionally substituted with F, and aryl optionally substituted with F; Y un grupo betadicetona tal y como se definió en la reivindicación 16.  a betadicetone group as defined in claim 16. 20. - Colector fotovoltaico según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 15, en donde el compuesto fotoconversor es NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+; p-NaYF4:Er3+/Yb3+; o 20. - Photovoltaic collector according to any of claims 1 to 15, wherein the photoconverter compound is NaYF 4 : Er 3+ , Yb 3+ ; p-NaYF 4 : Er 3+ / Yb 3+ ; or p-NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+. p-NaYF 4 : Yb 3+ , Tm 3+ . 21. - Colector fotovoltaico según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en donde las láminas poliméricas (3, 8) comprenden adicionalmente al menos un aditivo seleccionado del grupo formado por un antiácido, un plastificante, un taquificante, un antioxidante y un agente antirayado. 21. - Photovoltaic collector according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the polymer sheets (3, 8) additionally comprise at least one additive selected from the group consisting of an antacid, a plasticizer, a tachyifier, an antioxidant and an anti-scratch agent.
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WO2023057895A1 (en) * 2021-10-05 2023-04-13 Ali Asiri Apparatus for generating electric current from sunlight

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