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WO2016048233A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'huile brute liquide palme-charbon - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'huile brute liquide palme-charbon Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016048233A1
WO2016048233A1 PCT/SG2014/000453 SG2014000453W WO2016048233A1 WO 2016048233 A1 WO2016048233 A1 WO 2016048233A1 SG 2014000453 W SG2014000453 W SG 2014000453W WO 2016048233 A1 WO2016048233 A1 WO 2016048233A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coal
oil
catalyst system
cpo
crude palm
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Ceased
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PCT/SG2014/000453
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English (en)
Inventor
Handy CAHYADI
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Power 8 Energy Pte Ltd
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Power 8 Energy Pte Ltd
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Priority to PCT/SG2014/000453 priority Critical patent/WO2016048233A1/fr
Publication of WO2016048233A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016048233A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/02—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/74—Iron group metals
    • B01J23/745—Iron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
    • B01J37/031—Precipitation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/06—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
    • C10G1/065—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation in the presence of a solvent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/08—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal with moving catalysts
    • C10G1/083—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal with moving catalysts in the presence of a solvent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/08—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal with moving catalysts
    • C10G1/086—Characterised by the catalyst used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G31/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for
    • C10G31/08—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by treating with water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G31/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for
    • C10G31/09—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by filtration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
    • C10G2300/1014—Biomass of vegetal origin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
    • C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
    • C10L2200/0484—Vegetable or animal oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
    • C10L2230/04—Catalyst added to fuel stream to improve a reaction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/28—Cutting, disintegrating, shredding or grinding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
    • C10L2290/543—Distillation, fractionation or rectification for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
    • C10L2290/547—Filtration for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to a process of coal liquefaction.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing liquid crude palm-coal oil from bulk crude palm oil and solid coal.
  • One aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing liquid crude palm-coal oil, comprising the steps of:
  • step (b) mixing the purified CPO of step (a) with a catalyst system comprising methanol and an alkali hydroxide to form a biofuel and glycercin;
  • step (d) mixing the coal slurry of step (c) with the biofuel of step (b);
  • step (e) distilling the mixture of step (d) in a catalyst system comprising iron to form a coal mixture oil (CMO) and a slurry yield; and
  • step (a) comprises heating the bulk CPO at between 120 and 160 °C.
  • step (a) comprises heating the bulk CPO for 1 hour.
  • step (a) comprises heating the bulk CPO in a vacuum tube.
  • step (a) further comprises filtering the purified CPO with mesh 200 prior to step (b).
  • the catalyst system comprises methanol and sodium hydroxide, or methanol and potassium hydroxide.
  • the catalyst system of step (b) is obtained from heating the sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide in methanol at between 40 and 50 °C until the sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide is dissolved and precipitated.
  • step (b) comprises heating the mixture of purified CPO and catalyst system at between 40 and 50 °C.
  • step (c) the coal powder is obtained from grinding coal solid to mesh 100-200 coal powder.
  • step (c) the coal powder comprises 4,000-5,500 calories coal powder.
  • the catalyst system comprises sodium hydroxide, distilled water, and sodium acetate.
  • step (c) the coal powder and the catalyst system are mixed at a mixer speed of 400 rpm for 30 minutes until the mixture is smooth.
  • step (d) the coal slurry of step (c) is mixed with the biofuel of step (b) in a 50:50 wt% composition.
  • step (d) the coal slurry of step (c) is mixed with the biofuel of step (b) at a mixer speed of 400-600 rpm for about 1 hour until the mixture is smooth.
  • step (e) the mixture of step (d) is distilled in a catalyst system comprising iron and steel.
  • step (e) the mixture of step (d) is distilled at a temperature of between 250 and 400 °C for 30 to 60 minutes.
  • step (f) the CMO is separated from the slurry yield by a separator unit.
  • the CMO is separated by filtration in different steps using screen meshes of between 80 and 400 mesh.
  • the CMO is filtered for 2 to 4 days.
  • step (f) further comprises extracting the slurry yield to extract additional liquid crude palm-coal oil.
  • the slurry yield is extracted using a high pressure pressing machine with filter 200 mesh.
  • step (f) further comprises treating the separated liquid crude palm-coal oil with water.
  • the liquid crude palm-coal oil is treated with water by mixing the liquid crude palm-coal oil with water in a glass tube for 5-10 minutes.
  • FIG. 1 shows a process flow chart in accordance with present invention.
  • Present disclosure relates to a method for producing a liquid coal of fuel type that can be used as an alternative crude oil to meet the world's demand.
  • the liquid coal can be produced in a environmental friendly manner with low emission.
  • liquid crude palm oil is used as a source of raw material for producing the liquid coal. Therefore, in the present context, the liquid coal thus produced by the present method is termed as a liquid crude palm-coal oil.
  • one aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing liquid crude palm-coal oil, comprising the steps of:
  • step (b) mixing the purified CPO of step (a) with a catalyst system comprising methanol and an alkali hydroxide to form a biofuel and glycercin;
  • step (d) mixing the coal slurry of step (c) with the biofuel of step (b);
  • step (e) distilling the mixture of step (d) in a catalyst system comprising iron to form a coal mixture oil (CMO) and a slurry yield; and
  • CPO is purified by putting the CPO into a vacuum tube. This may be carried out by using an injector to introduce CPO into the vacuum tube. In this step, CPO may be heated at between 120 and 160 °C. The heating may be carried out for 1 hour, or more.
  • free fatty acid ⁇ 5% from total weight of production target
  • the heating i.e. vaporization
  • the bulk CPO may be removed from the vacuum tube and collected in a storage tank for the next step.
  • the purified CPO may be collected using a filter to sieve off dirt with a mesh 200, for example.
  • a catalyst system comprising methanol and an alkali hydroxide is first provided.
  • Methanol (purity 90% to 99.8%) in a blending tank may be configured to pump via a cooling pump of a thick PE/stainless steel material.
  • the methanol may be configured to have a composition of 1 to 20 weight%, based on the total weight of bulk CPO from production target.
  • An alkali hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) may be added (0.05 to 0.3%) to the tightly sealed methanol tank.
  • the catalyst system is then mixed at an average revolving speed of 1 ,500 rpm with a heating temperature of 40 to 50 °C until all the NaOH or KOH is dissolved in it and precipitated.
  • the mixing process may be carried out for 1 night, although for KOH, the precipitation may not necessarily take an entire night.
  • the preparation of the catalyst system forms metoxide, which is collected in a sealed container and care has to be taken not to inhale the vapor.
  • the purified CPO from step (a) is then mixed with the catalyst system. This mixture may be heated at temperatures of between 40 and 50 °C.
  • the product of this step (b) is a standard fuel oil (or biofuel), industrially known as pure B100.
  • B100 is formed on the top of the mixer and the waste, i.e. crude glycerin, is collected for other industry's need.
  • Solid coal with 4,000 to 5,500 calories (having passed a washing process at standard moisture of ⁇ 3 weight%) is first prepared. After that, the solid coal is placed in a stone crushing machine for grinding, resulting in coal powder at size 100-200 mesh. The ground coal powder may be weighed in accordance with Silo Powder tank and put into a Silo container.
  • the coal powder may then be moved to a mixing tank (or blending tank) amounting to 1 to 30 weight%, based on the total weight of target mixer.
  • a catalyst system used in this step comprises an alkali hydroxide, distilled water, and sodium acetate.
  • the alkali hydroxide may be NaOH (as water solvent against coal), amounting 1 to 10 weight% based on, total weight of distilled water used for mixing the coal powder.
  • the coal powder is added to the catalyst system comprising the NaOH, distilled water, and sodium acetate bit by bit at the size of 200 mesh, and the mixture is then mixed using a blending mixer at the speed of 400 rpm for 30 minutes until a smooth blend is obtained. This step may be termed as a manufacturing liquid coal step.
  • the coal slurry of step (c) is mixed with the biofuel of step (b).
  • the mixture may be comprised of a 50:50 weight% composition of each component.
  • the mixture may be mixed in a blending tube using a mixer at 400 to 600 rpm speed for 60 minutes until a smooth blend is obtained.
  • the smooth blend obtained from step (d) may be fed to a distillation reactor tank.
  • a catalyst system comprising iron (Fe) and steel, for example, Fe mixed with steel type C45 with material composition of 55% iron and 45% steel, may be also fed or placed in the distillation reactor tank.
  • the mixture of the blend and the Fe catalyst system is then heated at temperatures ranging from 250 to 400 °C. The heating may be carried out for 30 to 60 minutes.
  • Liquid coal type i.e. the desired liquid crude palm-coal oil, which is a clean and equivalence to a synthetic oil
  • step (e) separation by a separating unit is carried out on the products of step (e) comprising the CMO and slurry yield.
  • the separation may be carried out via filtration with screen of 7 stages i.e. screen 80 mesh to 400 mesh.
  • the CMO may be filtered and precipitated for 2 to 4 days.
  • the top stream of the separating unit may be collected as the final product of clean liquid crude palm-coal oil and the remaining yield in the tank is thrown out through slurry pump for collection.
  • An additional extracting step may be carried out on the slurry yield, since the slurry yield may still contain residual yield substance of solid coal.
  • the slurry yield may be extracted using a high pressure pressing machine, completed with filter 200 mesh stainless steel.
  • An additional cleaning step may be carried out after the separation step and/or extraction step.
  • the liquid crude palm-coal oil may be treated using clean water in a glass tube and mixed for 5 to 10 minutes. A separation can be seen between the water and the coal oil resulting from coal liquefaction. Finally, water may be drained away through a bottom disposal pipe until the level interface between the top coal oil and bottom water.
  • coal level which commonly becomes general indicator to determine the proposed usage.
  • steam boiler coal or thermal coal also called steam coal
  • metallurgical coal or cooking coal is used for the purpose of iron and steel industry and chemical industry.
  • Anthracite coal is mainly used for sintering process of mineral ore, manufacture of electric electrode, burning of limestone, and for making smokeless briquettes.
  • quality parameters of coal to be used in this invention of liquid coal include:
  • (I) Calories (Calorific Value or CV, cal/gram unit or kcal/kg). CV is much affecting the operation of pulverized ore mill, coal pipe, and windbox, as well as burner. The higher the CV, the lower coal's flowing every hour, so that the speed of coal feeder must be adjusted. For coal with similar rate of moisture and grind ability level, thus high CV causes pulverization to operate below its normal capacity (according to design) or in other words its operating ratio becomes lower.
  • Moisture content (percentage unit). The result of analysis for moisture is divided into free moisture (FM) and inherent moisture (IM). The total of the two is called total moisture (TM). Moisture rate affects the amount of primary air used. High moisture rated coal will require primary air more to dry the coal at the temperature set by output pulverization.
  • VM content affects the perfect burning and fire intensity. Such evaluation is based on the ratio between the content of fixed carbon and volatile matter, which is called fuel ratio. The higher the fuel ratio, the more total carbon is in unburned coal. If the rate from the comparison is more than 1 :2, then the ignition is not good in that it causes the burning speed to decrease.
  • Ash content (percentage unit). Ash content will be taken together with the burning gas through burning chamber and conversion area in a form of fly ash which amounts to up to 80% and basic ash 20%. The higher the ash rate, in general it will affect the respective rate of fouling, erosion, corrosion of the equipment it channels.
  • V Content of Fixed Carbon or FC (percentage unit). Carbon rate is obtained by deducting the number 100 with the amount of water content (moisture), carbon rate and the amount of volatile matter, this rate is getting more along with the coal level. Carbon rate and total volatile matter are used in the calculation to evaluate the fuel quality, i.e. in form of fuel ratio as described above.
  • Sulfur content (percentage unit). Sulfur content in coal is divided into pyritic sulfur, sulfate sulfur and organic sulfur. However, in general, the evaluation of sulfur content in coal is declared in Total Sulfur (TS). Sulfur content is affecting the corrosion level on the cool side occurring in the air heating element, especially when the work temperature is lower than the point of sulfur condensed vapor, besides affecting the effectiveness of catching ash on the electrostatic precipitator.
  • TS Total Sulfur
  • HGI Hardgroove Grindability Index
  • the selected chemical reagents are: [0123] (I) NaOH (sodium hydroxide) at 98 to 99% rate as acid solution with the nature and characteristic as follows:
  • C137H97O9NS defines for bituminous coal (CHONS)
  • sodium acetate reacts with NaOH to form methane/CH4 gas and add binding link of hydrocarbon from coal and water to binding liquid hydrocarbon that can be burnt at heating temperature of above 350 °C.
  • Type of liquid coal produced herein consists of three types, as follows:
  • Catalyst system comprising NaOH (10 gram) and CHaCOONa (10 gram) is provided.
  • Coal slurry is obtained by mixing coal powder (300 gram) with NaOH, CHsCOONa and distilled water (300 gram).
  • Crude palm oil (CPO) (300 ml) is purified by removing free fatty acid.
  • a catalyst system comprising methanol and KOH is provided.
  • Biofuel is obtained by mixing purified CPO with the catalyst system.
  • a coal mixture oil (CMO) containing liquid crude palm-coal oil is obtained by mixing the biofuel (50% weight) with the coal slurry (50% weight), followed by distillation using a catalyst mixture of 55% iron and 45% black steel.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte de manière générale à un procédé de liquéfaction du charbon. En particulier, l'invention concerne un procédé de production d'huile brute liquide palme-charbon à partir d'huile brute de palme en vrac et de charbon solide.
PCT/SG2014/000453 2014-09-24 2014-09-24 Procédé de fabrication d'huile brute liquide palme-charbon Ceased WO2016048233A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SG2014/000453 WO2016048233A1 (fr) 2014-09-24 2014-09-24 Procédé de fabrication d'huile brute liquide palme-charbon

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SG2014/000453 WO2016048233A1 (fr) 2014-09-24 2014-09-24 Procédé de fabrication d'huile brute liquide palme-charbon

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016048233A1 true WO2016048233A1 (fr) 2016-03-31

Family

ID=55581575

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SG2014/000453 Ceased WO2016048233A1 (fr) 2014-09-24 2014-09-24 Procédé de fabrication d'huile brute liquide palme-charbon

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2016048233A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090025276A1 (en) * 2006-11-17 2009-01-29 Tran Bo L Alternative fuel comprising solids and by_products or waste material from industrial processes
WO2011123897A1 (fr) * 2010-04-07 2011-10-13 Licella Pty Ltd. Procédés pour la production de biocarburants
CN103666774A (zh) * 2013-11-22 2014-03-26 清华大学 一种煤基甲醇与棕榈油超临界法制备生物柴油的方法和装置

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090025276A1 (en) * 2006-11-17 2009-01-29 Tran Bo L Alternative fuel comprising solids and by_products or waste material from industrial processes
WO2011123897A1 (fr) * 2010-04-07 2011-10-13 Licella Pty Ltd. Procédés pour la production de biocarburants
CN103666774A (zh) * 2013-11-22 2014-03-26 清华大学 一种煤基甲醇与棕榈油超临界法制备生物柴油的方法和装置

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