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WO2016044462A1 - Composite transparent pour un meilleur éclairage d'intérieur - Google Patents

Composite transparent pour un meilleur éclairage d'intérieur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016044462A1
WO2016044462A1 PCT/US2015/050494 US2015050494W WO2016044462A1 WO 2016044462 A1 WO2016044462 A1 WO 2016044462A1 US 2015050494 W US2015050494 W US 2015050494W WO 2016044462 A1 WO2016044462 A1 WO 2016044462A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optionally substituted
transparent composite
transparent
holographic element
composite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2015/050494
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English (en)
Inventor
Peng Wang
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Nitto Denko Corp
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Nitto Denko Corp
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Publication of WO2016044462A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016044462A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/28—Interference filters
    • G02B5/281—Interference filters designed for the infrared light
    • G02B5/282—Interference filters designed for the infrared light reflecting for infrared and transparent for visible light, e.g. heat reflectors, laser protection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1044—Invariable transmission
    • B32B17/10449—Wavelength selective transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10651—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising colorants, e.g. dyes or pigments
    • B32B17/10669—Luminescent agents
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
    • G02B27/4233—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive element [DOE] contributing to a non-imaging application
    • G02B27/425—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive element [DOE] contributing to a non-imaging application in illumination systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/203—Filters having holographic or diffractive elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/412—Transparent
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E06B2009/2417—Light path control; means to control reflection

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to transparent composites which are useful for improving indoor illumination.
  • the transparent composite redirects sunlight so that illumination inside the building is improved while also reducing or eliminating glaring.
  • the sunlight redirecting transparent composite comprises a transparent substrate and a holographic element, wherein the holographic element comprises an interference pattern that diffracts a selected portion of the incident solar light such that the light is redirected into the building at angle that provides improved illumination within the building.
  • the diffractive structures are the same throughout the area of the holographic element.
  • the diffractive structures continuously vary across the area defined by a surface of the holographic element, such as a surface that overlays or contacts the transparent substrate.
  • the system may also comprise luminescent wavelength conversion elements.
  • the luminescent material absorbs UV photons and converts these photons into visible wavelengths.
  • the system may also comprise UV absorbing elements.
  • the diffractive structures are the same across the surface of the holographic element. In some embodiments, the diffractive structures continuously vary across the surface of the holographic element. In some embodiments, the holographic element is configured with multiple diffractive structures. In some embodiments, the diffractive structures of the holographic element vary throughout the area defined by the surface of the holographic element, such that light incident on one side of the holographic element is diffracted at a different angle than the light incident on a different side of the holographic element. In some embodiments, the diffractive structures of the holographic element are continuously varying throughout the area defined by the surface of the holographic element.
  • the holographic element is configured to diffract incident light of greater than 80 degrees, greater than 60 degrees, greater than 30 degrees, or greater than 5 degrees, greater than 80 degrees or less than -80 degrees, greater than 60 degrees or less than -60 degrees, greater than 30 degrees or less than -30 degrees, or greater than 5 degrees or less than -5 degrees (from horizontal, or from a direction normal to the face of the window) at an angle that redirects these photons into the building such that the illumination is improved.
  • the holographic element is configured to diffract photons at a different angle depending on the incident wavelength.
  • the transparent composite may be configured to be transparent at a variety of viewing angles depending on the application and/or location of the window in the building or vehicle, and/or the longitudinal location of the building.
  • the transparent composite is transparent for a viewing angle of 0 degrees (i.e., the transparent composite is transparent when looking straight through the window, see FIG. 1).
  • the transparent composite is transparent for a viewing angle of about +20 degrees to about -20 degrees, about +40 degrees to about -40 degrees, about +60 degrees to about -60 degrees, about +90 degrees to about -90 degrees, about +20 degrees to about -90 degrees, about +40 degrees to about -90 degrees from horizontal, or from normal to the face of the window.
  • the transparent composite may be transparent to provide undistorted viewing of the scenery through the window.
  • the transmittance of visible light (wavelengths of light between about 400 nm and about 700 nm) through the transparent composite is a good indicator of transparency.
  • the transparent composite has a transmittance in at least one viewing angle of at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% for wavelengths of light between about 400 nm and about 700 nm.
  • the window may be placed vertically in a building.
  • the holographic element is configured to diffract light incident on the system at angles of greater than about +70 degrees, about +50 degrees, about +30 degrees, about +15 degrees from the horizontal, or from the direction normal to the face of the window.
  • the window may be placed horizontally (such as a sky light in a building or vehicle), in which case the holographic element(s) may be configured based on the desired viewing angle and/or the optimal light redirection illumination needed for the particular room.
  • a luminescent material is incorporated into the transparent composite to further enhance the illumination effect.
  • the luminescent material absorbs UV photons and converts these photons into visible wavelengths.
  • the transparent substrate further comprises a luminescent material, wherein said luminescent material acts to absorb incident photons of a particular wavelength range, and re-emit those photons at a different wavelength.
  • the re-emitted photons are internally reflected and refracted within the transparent substrate until they reach the edge surfaces where they can escape.
  • the re-emitted photons are directed into the building to further provide improved illumination.
  • the luminescent material absorbs photons of UV wavelengths and converts them into visible wavelengths, which are then redirected into the building to further improve illumination.
  • the transparent substrate comprises a single wavelength conversion layer, wherein said wavelength conversion layer comprises a polymer matrix and at least one luminescent material.
  • the transparent substrate comprises two or more transparent layers, wherein at least one of the layers is a wavelength conversion layer, wherein said wavelength conversion layer comprises a polymer matrix and a luminescent material.
  • the wavelength conversion layer or layers may be in between glass or polymer plates, wherein the glass or polymer plates also act to internally reflect and refract photons towards the edge surface.
  • the wavelength conversion layer or layers may be on top of or on bottom of a glass or polymer plate, wherein the glass or polymer plate also acts to internally reflect and refract photons towards the edge surface.
  • the transparent composite comprising a holographic element and a transparent substrate may include additional layers.
  • the transparent composite may comprise an adhesive layer in between the holographic element and transparent substrate.
  • the system may also comprise additional glass or polymer layers.
  • the additional glass or polymer layers may be incorporated into the transparent substrate, to sandwich a wavelength conversion layer and protect it from environmental elements.
  • the additional glass or polymer layers may be used which encapsulate the holographic elements, or may be placed on top of the wavelength conversion layer.
  • the glass or polymer layers may be configured to protect and prevent oxygen and moisture penetration into the wavelength conversion layer.
  • the glass or polymer layers may be used to internally refract or reflect photons that are emitted from the holographic element.
  • the system may further comprise a polymer layer comprising a UV absorber, configured to prevent harmful high energy photons from transmitting through the window into the building and/or contacting the wavelength conversion layer.
  • a polymer layer comprising a UV absorber, configured to prevent harmful high energy photons from transmitting through the window into the building and/or contacting the wavelength conversion layer.
  • the transparent composite may further comprise a photovoltaic or solar cell.
  • the transparent composite may be configured for different types of solar energy conversion devices.
  • the photovoltaic cell is attached to the edge surface of the transparent composite, and the photovoltaic cell absorbs a portion of the light that is diffracted by the holographic element.
  • the photovoltaic cell is attached to the edge surface of the transparent composite, and the photovoltaic cell absorbs a portion of the light that is absorbed by the luminescent material and re-emitted at a different wavelength.
  • the solar energy conversion device is a silicon-based device, a III-V or II- VI PN junction device, a Copper-Indium-Gallium-Selenium (CIGS) thin-film device, an organic sensitizer device, an organic thin-film device, or a Cadmium Sulfide/Cadmium Telluride (CdS/CdTe) thin- film device.
  • the photovoltaic device or solar cell may be an amorphous Silicon (a-Si) solar cell.
  • the photovoltaic device or solar cell comprises a microcrystalline Silicon ⁇ c-Si) solar cell.
  • the photovoltaic device or solar cell may be a crystalline Silicon (c-Si) solar cell.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the viewing angle of an embodiment of a transparent composite.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic of an embodiment of the transparent composite comprising a holographic element and a transparent substrate.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic of an embodiment of the transparent composite comprising a holographic element and a transparent substrate.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic of an embodiment of the transparent composite comprising a holographic element and a transparent substrate.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic of an embodiment of the transparent composite comprising a holographic element, a transparent substrate, and a wavelength conversion layer.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic of an embodiment of the transparent composite comprising a holographic element, a transparent substrate, a wavelength conversion layer, and a solar energy conversion device.
  • FIG. 7 shows a transmission spectrum of HOE/WLC film vs. different incident light wavelength at the incident angle of 0° towards the sample normal.
  • FIG. 8 shows the diffraction efficiency of HOE/WLC film vs. different incident light wavelength at the incident angle of 50° towards the sample normal.
  • FIG.9 shows the results of the sunlight redirecting experiment of the HOE/WLC film.
  • the embodiments described herein are useful for window based building applications.
  • the currently available products cannot provide high transparency, reduced glare, and improved natural illumination uniformity throughout the room.
  • the disclosed transparent composite uses holographic elements to redirect a portion of the incoming solar radiation into the building at an angle that improves the illumination and reduces glaring while maintaining a clear transparent window (>70% transmittance of visible wavelengths).
  • Holographic elements or holographic optical elements are holograms that consist of a diffraction pattern rendered as a surface relief, or a thin film containing an index modulation throughout the thickness of the film.
  • HOEs are typically produced on a glass plate coated with a film of dichromated gelatin emulsion by exposing it to two mutually coherent laser beams, referred to as object and reference beams.
  • object and reference beams Two mutually coherent laser beams
  • HOEs have been employed to act as concentrators of incoming solar radiation.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,517,339 discloses a method of manufacturing holographic optical elements.
  • a holographic optical element comprises diffractive elements having varying indices of refraction. When confronted by light of certain angles, the varying indices of refraction of the diffractive elements produce a diffraction pattern that directs the light into the building at an angle that provides improved illumination within the building.
  • the transparent composite comprises at least one holographic element and a transparent substrate.
  • the holographic element and the transparent substrate of the transparent composite are transparent such that they provide little to no visibility distortion which makes the transparent composite highly useful for window-based building applications.
  • the holographic element comprises an interference pattern that diffracts a selected portion of the incident solar light such that the light is redirected into the building at an angle that provides improved illumination within the building.
  • the diffractive structures are the same across the area defined by the surface of the holographic element. In some embodiments, the diffractive structures continuously vary across the area defined by the surface of the holographic element. In some embodiments, the holographic element is configured with multiple diffractive structures. In some embodiments, the diffractive structures of the holographic element vary throughout the area defined by the surface of the holographic element, such that light incident on one side of the holographic element is diffracted into the transparent substrate at a different angle than the light incident on a different side of the holographic element. In some embodiments, the diffractive structures of the holographic element are continuously varying throughout the area defined by the surface of the holographic element. The direction of diffraction for any given angle with respect to the holographic optical element can be controlled based upon angular the position of the two coherent laser beams used to record a hologram of the holographic optical element.
  • the transparent composite is transparent for a viewing angle of about +20 degrees to about -90 degrees, about +40 degrees to about -90 degrees, about +50 degrees to about -90 degrees, about +75 degrees to about -90 degrees from horizontal, or from the direction normal to the face of the window.
  • the transparent composite may be transparent in at least one viewing angle, or objects may be recognizable when viewed through the transparent composite, to provide undistorted viewing of the scenery through the window.
  • the transmittance of visible light (wavelengths of light between about 400 nm and about 700 nm) through the transparent composite is a good indicator of transparency.
  • the transparent composite has a transmittance of at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% for wavelengths of light between about 400 nm and about 700 nm, for the required viewing angle of the application.
  • the transparent composite may be configured to be transparent at a variety of viewing angles depending on the application and/or location of the window in the building, and/or the longitudinal location of the building.
  • the transparent composite is transparent for a viewing angle of 0 degrees (i.e., the transparent composite is transparent when looking straight through the window as illustrated in FIG. 1).
  • the transparent composite may be placed vertically, such as a window in a building.
  • the transparent composite is transparent for a viewing angle of about +20 degrees to about -20 degrees, about +40 degrees to about -40 degrees, about +60 degrees to about -60 degrees, or about +90 degrees to about -90 degrees from horizontal, or from the direction normal to the face of the window.
  • the transparent composite may be placed horizontally, such as a sky light in a building.
  • the transparent composite is transparent for a viewing angle of about +20 degrees to about -20 degrees, about +40 degrees to about -40 degrees, about +60 degrees to about -60 degrees, or about +90 degrees to about -90 degrees from vertical, or from the direction normal to the face of the window.
  • the transparent composite may be placed at an angle other than horizontal or vertical, in which case, the transparent composite may be designed to be transparent for a viewing angle depending on the particular application.
  • the holographic element is configured to diffract photons into the transparent substrate at a different angle depending on the incident wavelength. It may be desirable to configure the holographic element of the transparent composite to diffract portions of the light spectrum at different angles.
  • the diffractive portion of the light spectrum to be diffracted at different angles can be visible light or portions of the visible light spectrum. In some embodiments, the portion of the light spectrum to be diffracted include from about 400 nm to about 700 nm. In some embodiments, for instance, for building applications, it may be desirable to not allow UV and IR wavelengths into the building (UV and IR photons do not provide illumination, but they are absorbed and converted into heat, which increases the heat removal requirements).
  • the holographic element may be configured to diffract visible light (400 nm to about 700 nm) into the building at such an angle, for example upwards towards the ceiling, such that the indoor illumination is improved.
  • the holographic element may be configured to diffract all visible light into the building such that the indoor illumination is improved, while diffracting all incident UV and IR photons at an angle that prevents these photons from entering the building.
  • the viewing angle required from the inside may be very small, such as +/- 5 degrees from horizontal, in which case the holographic element may be configured to diffract visible light with incoming angles greater than +5 degrees or less than -5 degrees from horizontal, and redirect this light into the building at an angle that improves the indoor illumination.
  • the holographic element may be optimized to diffract or not diffract different portions of the light spectrum at different angles depending on the application of the transparent composite.
  • the holographic element is configured to diffract all incident UV wavelengths at an angle that prevents these photons from entering the building.
  • the holographic element is configured to diffract all incident IR wavelengths at an angle that prevents these photons from entering the building.
  • the holographic element is configured to diffract only incident visible wavelengths of greater than 80 degrees, greater than 60 degrees, greater than 30 degrees, or greater than 5 degrees, greater than 80 degrees or less than -80 degrees, greater than 60 degrees or less than -60 degrees, greater than 30 degrees or less than -30 degrees, or greater than 5 degrees and less than -5 degrees (from horizontal) at an angle that redirects these photons into the building such that illumination is improved.
  • the holographic element diffracts direct solar incident light upwards towards the ceiling of the building interior.
  • 10% to 95% of the direct solar incident light is directed towards the ceiling.
  • the amount of direct solar incident light diffracted towards the ceiling may be about 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, or 40% to about 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 95%, and/or any combination of the aforementioned values of the direct solar incident light is directed towards the ceiling.
  • the direct solar incident light may be the visible light component of the incident light. In some embodiments, the visible light can be between about 400 nm to about 700 nm wavelength radiation.
  • the holographic element is configured to diffract visible wavelengths upwards at an angle of about 30°, 35°, 40°, 45° to about 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°.
  • the amount of improved illumination upon the desired surface, e.g., the ceiling can be determined by methods known in the art, e.g., Thanachareonkit, A., et al, Empirical assessment of a prismatic daylight-redirecting window film in a full-scale office test bed, Proceedings of Illuminating Engineering Society Annual Conference (IESNA)(October 23-24, 2013), pp 63-81, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • IESNA Illuminating Engineering Society Annual Conference
  • the holographic element is positioned within the top or upper portion of a vertically oriented substrate. In some embodiments, the positioning of the holographic element within the top or upper portion of the vertically oriented substrate (e.g., a window) may diffuse the broad band visible light to the ceiling and out of the sight line of persons within the building. In some embodiments, the holographic element is disposed above the desired line of sight height, e.g., about 6 feet above the ground/floor level.
  • the holographic element comprises at dichromated gelatin, photopolymer, bleached, and unbleached photo emulsion, nanoparticle doped photopolymer, or any combination thereof.
  • the transparent substrate comprises transparent glass or polymer materials with a refractive index of between about 1.4 and about 1.7.
  • the transparent substrate comprises one or multiple transparent layers.
  • the transparent substrate comprises at least one layer formed from a substance selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, amorphous polycarbonate, polystyrene, siloxane sol-gel, polyurethane, polyacrylate, and combinations thereof.
  • the transparent substrate comprises at least one layer comprising one host polymer, a host polymer and a co-polymer, or multiple polymers.
  • the transparent substrate comprises at least one layer of a transparent inorganic amorphous glass.
  • the transparent substrate comprises at least one layer of a glass material selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, albite, crown, flint, low iron glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, or any combination thereof.
  • a luminescent material is incorporated into the transparent composite.
  • the luminescent material acts to further enhance the indoor illumination.
  • the luminescent material may also act to prevent UV photons from entering the inside of the building.
  • the transparent substrate further comprises a luminescent material, wherein said luminescent material acts to absorb incident photons of a particular wavelength range, and re-emit those photons at a different wavelength.
  • a portion of the re-emitted photons may be redirected into the holographic element, wherein the holographic element diffracts the re-emitted photons into the building at an angle which improves the indoor illumination.
  • a solar energy harvesting device may be placed at the edges of the transparent composite.
  • a portion of the photons re-emitted by the luminescent material may be internally reflected and refracted within the transparent substrate until they reach the edges of the substrate where they exit the transparent composite.
  • the luminescent material absorbs UV photons and converts these photons into visible wavelengths.
  • the luminescent material absorbs visible photons and converts these photons into lower energy visible wavelengths, which may be more easily converted into energy by a solar harvesting device.
  • the transparent substrate further comprises a luminescent material, wherein said luminescent material acts to absorb incident photons of a particular wavelength range, and re-emit those photons at a different wavelength.
  • a luminescent material acts to absorb incident photons of a particular wavelength range, and re-emit those photons at a different wavelength.
  • the transparent substrate comprises a single wavelength conversion layer, wherein said wavelength conversion layer comprises a polymer matrix and at least one luminescent material.
  • the transparent substrate comprises two or more transparent layers, wherein at least one of the layers is a wavelength conversion layer, wherein said wavelength conversion layer comprises a polymer matrix and a luminescent material.
  • the wavelength conversion layer or layers may be sandwiched in between glass or polymer plates, wherein the glass or polymer plates also act to internally reflect and refract photons as desired.
  • the wavelength conversion layer or layers may be on top of or on bottom of a glass or polymer plate, wherein the glass or polymer plate also acts to internally reflect and refract photons as desired.
  • the wavelength conversion layer may be placed on top of the holographic element, in between the holographic element and the transparent substrate, underneath the transparent substrate and the holographic element, or in any place as needed by the particular application.
  • the transparent composite comprising a holographic element and a transparent substrate may include additional layers.
  • the system may comprise an adhesive layer in between the holographic element and transparent substrate.
  • the system may also comprise additional glass or polymer layers.
  • the additional glass or polymer layers may be incorporated into the transparent substrate, to sandwich a wavelength conversion layer and protect it from environmental elements.
  • the additional glass or polymer layers may be used which encapsulate the holographic elements, or may be placed on top of the wavelength conversion layer.
  • the glass or polymer layers may be configured to protect and prevent oxygen and moisture penetration into the wavelength conversion layer.
  • the glass or polymer layers may be used to internally refract or reflect photons that are emitted from the holographic element.
  • the system may further comprise a polymer layer comprising a UV absorber, configured to prevent harmful high energy photons from transmitting through the window into the building and/or contacting the wavelength conversion layer.
  • a polymer layer comprising a UV absorber, configured to prevent harmful high energy photons from transmitting through the window into the building and/or contacting the wavelength conversion layer.
  • the diffractive structures employed in a holographic element act to diffract the incident light into the transparent substrate.
  • the diffractive structures for each transparent composite may be optimized for the particular system, with regards to the size, shape of the system, and it's location on the building and latitude.
  • the diffractive structures of the holographic element are different throughout the area defined by the surface of the holographic element.
  • the multiple diffractive structures of the holographic element are configured to diffract a portion of the solar radiation at a different angle into the transparent substrate depending on the angle of incidence of the light onto the holographic element.
  • the multiple diffractive structures of the holographic element are configured to minimize the loss of photons reflected out of the transparent substrate, so that the light transmitted through the window is maximized.
  • the holographic element may cover the entire light incident surface of the transparent substrate. In some embodiments, the holographic element may only cover a portion of the entire light incident surface of the transparent substrate.
  • the holographic element is configured to diffract photons into the transparent substrate at a different angle depending on the incident wavelength.
  • the holographic element may diffract UV and IR light at an angle that will allow reflection of the light out the edges or top of the transparent waveguide substrate, while at the same time the holographic element may diffract visible wavelengths into the inside of the building at an angle that improves the indoor illumination.
  • the holographic element may comprise various materials using methods known in the art.
  • the holographic element comprises one or a multiplicity of materials, such as dichromated gelatin, photopolymer, bleached and unbleached photo emulsion, or any combination thereof.
  • the holographic element is written into dichromated gelatin (DCG) which is fabricated using standard techniques know in the art (see B.J. Chang and CD. Leonard, Dichromated gelatin for the fabrication of holographic optical elements, Applied Optics, Vol. 18, Issue 14, pp. 2407 (1979), or http://holoinfo.no- ip.biz/wiki/index.php/Dichromated_Gelatin), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • DCG dichromated gelatin
  • in-house deposition of DCG layers is performed because freshly prepared material can provide a high ⁇ useful for HOE efficient performance.
  • the DCG can be rinsed after recording for an extended period of time to effect a swelling of the DCG/gelatin. In some embodiments, the DCG can be rinsed for a period of at least about 5 minutes, at least about 7 minutes, at least about 10 minutes, at least about 15 minutes to about 30 minutes, at least about 15 minutes to about 45 minutes and/or at least about 15 minutes to about 60 minutes. In one embodiment, the DCG can be rinsed for about 20 minutes.
  • the transparent matrix of the transparent substrate may comprise a material selected from a glass and a transparent polymer, or any material that is transparent and is compatible with the transparent composite.
  • the transparent matrix of the transparent substrate may need to be transparent to IR, UV, and/or visible light in various combinations.
  • the transparent matrix of the transparent substrate is transparent over a large section of the visible spectrum.
  • a suitable transparent polymer would be poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer (PMMA, which typically has a refractive index of about 1.49) or a polycarbonate polymer (typical refractive index of about 1.58).
  • the glass may be any transparent inorganic amorphous material, including, but not limited to, glasses comprising silicon dioxide and glasses selected from the albite type, crown type and flint type. Some of these glasses have refractive indexes ranging from approximately 1.30 to 1.9.
  • at least one layer of the transparent substrate comprises transparent glass or polymer materials with a refractive index of between about 1.4 and about 1.7.
  • the holographic element is incorporated into the transparent substrate.
  • the transparent substrate comprises an optically transparent polymer layer sandwiched in-between two glass plates, wherein the holographic element is incorporated into the optically transparent polymer layer.
  • the optically transparent polymer layer comprises an epoxy.
  • the transparent composite further comprises a luminescent material, wherein said luminescent material acts to absorb incident photons of a particular wavelength range, and re-emit those photons at a different wavelength.
  • the re-emitted photons may be redirected into the holographic element where they are diffracted into the inside of the building at an angle to improve the indoor illumination.
  • the re- emitted photons may be internally reflected and refracted within the transparent substrate until they reach the edges where they exit the transparent composite.
  • a holographic element in conjunction with a transparent substrate comprising a luminescent material may enhance the indoor illumination effect of the transparent composite.
  • the holographic element is configured to diffract the visible portions of the solar spectrum into the building at an angle that improves the indoor illumination.
  • the transparent substrate comprises at least one wavelength conversion layer.
  • the wavelength conversion layer is configured to convert photons of a particular wavelength to a more desirable wavelength that is more efficiently diffracted by the transparent composite.
  • the transparent composite comprises a single wavelength conversion layer, wherein said wavelength conversion layer comprises a polymer matrix and at least one luminescent material.
  • the transparent composite comprises two or more transparent layers, wherein at least one of the layers is a wavelength conversion layer, wherein said wavelength conversion layer comprises a polymer matrix and a luminescent material.
  • the wavelength conversion layer or layers may be in-between glass or polymer plates, wherein the glass or polymer plates also act to reflect and refract photons as desired.
  • the wavelength conversion layer or layers may be on top of or on bottom of a glass or polymer plate, wherein the glass or polymer plate also acts to reflect and refract photons as desired.
  • the luminescent material can be dispersed inside the transparent matrix of the transparent substrate, deposited on at least one side of the transparent substrate, or in-between two separate transparent layers.
  • the transparent substrate comprises a single layer, wherein said layer is a wavelength conversion layer, wherein said wavelength conversion layer comprises a polymer matrix and at least one luminescent material.
  • the transparent substrate comprises two or more transparent layers, wherein at least one of the layers is a wavelength conversion layer, wherein said wavelength conversion layer comprises a polymer matrix and a luminescent material.
  • the wavelength conversion layer or layers may be sandwiched in between glass or polymer plates, wherein the glass or polymer plates also act to reflect and refract photons as desired.
  • the wavelength conversion layer or layers may be on top of or on bottom of a glass or polymer plate, wherein the glass or polymer plate also acts to reflect and refract photons as desired.
  • the holographic element is incorporated into the transparent substrate.
  • the transparent substrate comprises a wavelength conversion layer in-between two glass plates, wherein the holographic element is incorporated into the wavelength conversion layer, and wherein the wavelength conversion layer comprises a luminescent material and a polymer matrix.
  • the polymer matrix of the wavelength conversion layer comprises an epoxy.
  • the polymer matrix of the wavelength conversion layer may be transparent to allow for visibility.
  • the polymer matrix of the wavelength conversion layer is formed from polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, amorphous polycarbonate, polystyrene, siloxane sol-gel, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polyepoxide, or a combination thereof.
  • the polymer matrix may comprise one host polymer, or a host polymer and a copolymer.
  • the polymer matrix may comprise multiple polymers.
  • the polymer matrix material used in the wavelength conversion layer has a refractive index in the range of about 1.4 to about 1.7 or about 1.45 to about 1.55.
  • a luminescent material sometimes referred to as a chromophore or fluorescent dye, is a compound that absorbs photons of a particular wavelength or wavelength range, and re-emits the photon at a different wavelength or wavelength range.
  • Chromophores used in transparent composite media can greatly enhance the performance of solar cells and photovoltaic devices. However, such devices are often exposed to extreme environmental conditions for long periods of time, e.g., 20 years or more. As such, maintaining the stability of the chromophore over a long period of time may be important.
  • chromophore compounds with good photostability for long periods of time, e.g., 20,000 or more hours of illumination under one sun (AM1.5G) irradiation with ⁇ 10% degradation, are preferably used in the transparent composite comprising a holographic element, a transparent substrate, and a wavelength conversion layer.
  • Luminescent materials can be up-converting or down-converting.
  • the luminescent material may be an up-conversion luminescent material, meaning a compound that converts photons from lower energy (long wavelengths) to higher energy (short wavelengths).
  • Up-conversion dyes may include rare earth materials which have been found to absorb photons of wavelengths in the infrared (IR) region, ⁇ 97 5nm, and re-emit in the visible region (400-700 nm), for example, Yb 3+ , Tm 3+ , Er 3+ , Ho 3+ , and NaYF 4 . Additional up-conversion materials are described in U.S. Patent Nos.
  • the luminescent material may be a down-shifting luminescent material, meaning a compound that converts photons of high energy (short wavelengths) into lower energy (long wavelengths).
  • the down-shifting luminescent material may be a derivative of perylene, benzotriazole, or benzothiadiazole, as are described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos. 61/430,053; 61/485,093; and 61/539,392, which are herby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
  • the wavelength conversion layer comprises both an up-conversion luminescent compound and a downshifting luminescent compound.
  • the luminescent material is configured to convert incoming photons of a first wavelength to a different second wavelength.
  • the luminescent material is a down-shifting material.
  • Various luminescent materials can be used.
  • at least one of the luminescent materials is a quantum dot material.
  • the luminescent material is an organic dye.
  • the luminescent material is selected from perylene derivative dyes, benzotriazole derivative dyes, diazaborinine derivative dyes, or benzothiadiazole derivative dyes.
  • the chromophore is an organic compound.
  • the chromophore is selected from perylene derivative dyes, benzotriazole derivative dyes, or benzothiadiazole derivative dyes. Examples of chromophores can be found in U.S. Patent Publication US2013/0074927, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • the transparent composite may be important that the transparent composite remain transparent for use in building window based applications.
  • Luminescent materials in the UV wavelength spectrum are typically clear, and would not alter the color if used in the wavelength conversion transparent composite.
  • the transparent composite comprises a luminescent material that shifts wavelengths in the UV portion of the spectrum into the visible or IR portions of the spectrum.
  • the luminescent material is optimized to be highly absorbing in the UV and transparent in the visible portion of the solar spectrum. The luminescent material efficiency is independent of angle of incidence, allowing operation over a broad range of incidence angles.
  • the luminescent material comprises an organic photostable chromophore.
  • the luminescent material comprises a structure as given by the following general formula (I):
  • Ri, R 2 , and R3 comprise optionally substituted alkyl, or optionally substituted aryl.
  • Example compounds of general formula (I) include the following:
  • alkyl refers to a branched or straight fully saturated acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group (i.e., composed of carbon and hydrogen containing no double or triple bonds). Alkyls include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl, pentyl, hexyl, and the like.
  • heteroalkyl refers to an alkyl group comprising one or more heteroatoms. When two or more heteroatoms are present, they may be the same or different.
  • cycloalkyl refers to saturated aliphatic ring system moiety having three to twenty-five carbon atoms including, but not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and the like.
  • polycycloalkyl refers to saturated aliphatic ring system moiety having multiple cylcoalkyl ring systems.
  • alkenyl used herein refers to a monovalent straight or branched chain moiety of from two to twenty-five carbon atoms containing at least one carbon double bond including, but not limited to, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-methyl-l-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, and the like.
  • alkynyl used herein refers to a monovalent straight or branched chain moiety of from two to twenty-five carbon atoms containing a carbon triple bond including, but not limited to, 1-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, and the like.
  • aryl refers to homocyclic aromatic moiety whether one ring or multiple fused rings.
  • aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthrenyl, naphthacenyl, fluorenyl, pyrenyl, and the like. Further examples include:
  • alkaryl or "alkylaryl” used herein refers to an alkyl-substituted aryl moiety.
  • alkaryl include, but are not limited to, ethylphenyl, 9,9-dihexyl- 9H-fluorene, and the like.
  • aralkyl or "arylalkyl” used herein refers to an aryl-substituted alkyl moiety. Examples of aralkyl include, but are not limited to, phenylpropyl, phenylethyl, and the like.
  • heteroaryl refers to an aromatic group comprising one or more heteroatoms, whether one ring or multiple fused rings. When two or more heteroatoms are present, they may be the same or different. In fused ring systems, the one or more heteroatoms may be present in only one of the rings.
  • heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, benzothiazyl, benzoxazyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, pyridinyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, indolyl, thiazyl and the like. Further exam les of substituted and unsubstituted heteroaryl rings include:
  • alkoxy refers to straight or branched chain alkyl moiety covalently bonded to the parent molecule through an— O— linkage.
  • alkoxy groups include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, n-butoxy, sec -butoxy, t-butoxy and the like.
  • heteroatom refers to any atom that is not C (carbon) or H (hydrogen). Examples of heteroatoms include S (sulfur), N (nitrogen), and O (oxygen).
  • cyclic amino refers to either secondary or tertiary amines in a cyclic moiety.
  • examples of cyclic amino groups include, but are not limited to, aziridinyl, piperidinyl, N-methylpiperidinyl, and the like.
  • cyclic imido refers to an imide in the moiety of which the two carbonyl carbons are connected by a carbon chain.
  • cyclic imide groups include, but are not limited to, 1,8-naphthalimide, pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, lH-pyrrole-2,5- dione, and the like.
  • alcohol used herein refers to a moiety -OH.
  • aryloxy refers to an aryl moiety covalently bonded to the parent molecule through an— O— linkage.
  • amino used herein refers to a moiety -NR'R.
  • heteroamino refers to a moiety -NR'R" wherein R' and/or R" comprises a heteroatom.
  • heterocyclic amino refers to either secondary or tertiary amines in a cyclic moiety wherein the group further comprises a heteroatom.
  • a substituted group is derived from the unsubstituted parent structure in which there has been an exchange of one or more hydrogen atoms for another atom or group.
  • the substituent group(s) is may be, individually and independently, C1-C25 alkyl, C2-C25 alkenyl, C2-C25 alkynyl, C3-C25 cycloalkyl (optionally substituted with a moiety selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl, alkoxy, alcohol, carboxyl, haloalkyl, CN, OH, -SCValkyl, -CF 3 , and -OCF 3 ), cycloalkyl geminally attached, C1-C25 heteroalkyl, C3-C25 heterocycloalkyl (e.g., tetrahydrofuryl) (optionally substituted with a moiety selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl, alkoxy, alcohol, carb
  • the first chromophore comprises a structure as given by the following formula (Il-a) or (Il-b):
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkenyl, optionally substituted arylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted cycloheteroalkyl, optionally substituted cycloheteroalkenyl, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted amido, optionally substituted cyclic amido, optionally substituted cyclic imido, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted carboxy, optionally substituted carbonyl, optionally substituted ether, optionally substituted ketone, optionally substituted sulfone, and optionally substituted sulfonamide; or R 3 is an optionally substituted polycyclic ring system
  • R 3 in formula Il-a and formula Il-b is selected from the group consisting of C 1-2 s alkyl, C 1-2 s heteroalkyl, C 2 -25 alkenyl, C3-25 cycloalkyl, polycycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl; and R 3 may be optionally substituted with one or more of any of the following substituents: C 1-2 s alkyl, C 1-2 s heteroalkyl, C2-25 alkenyl, C3-25 cycloalkyl, polycycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, OH, C m H 2m+ iO ether, C m H2m + iCO ketone, C m H 2m+ iC0 2 carboxylic ester, C m H 2m+ iOCO carboxylic ester, ArO aryloxy, ArCO aryl ketone, ArC0 2 este
  • R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 in formula Il-a and formula Il-b are independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-2 s alkyl, C 1-2 s heteroalkyl, C 2 -25 alkenyl, C3-25 cycloalkyl, polycycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, C02C m H 2m+ i carboxylic ester, (C m H2 m+ i)(C p H2p + i) CO amide, c-(CH 2 ) s NCO amide, COC m H 2m+ i ketone, COAr, S0 2 C m H 2m+ i sulfone, S0 2 Ar sulfone, (C m H2 m+ i)(C p H2 P+ i)S02 sulfonamide, c-(CH2) s S02 sul
  • L in formula Il-b is selected from the group consisting of Ci-25 alkyl, C 1-2 s heteroalkyl, C2-25 alkenyl; and L may be optionally substituted with one or more of any of the following substituents: C 1-2 s alkyl, C 1-2 s heteroalkyl, C 2 -25 alkenyl, C3-25 cycloalkyl, polycycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, OH, C m H 2m+ iO ether, C m H2m + iCO ketone, C m H 2m+ iC0 2 carboxylic ester, C m H 2m+ iOCO carboxylic ester, ArO aryloxy, ArCO aryl ketone, ArC0 2 ester of aryl-carboxylic acid, ArOCO carboxylic ester of phenol, (C m H 2m+ i)(C p H 2p+ i)N amine
  • R 3 in formula Il-a and formula Il-b is selected from the group consisting of C 1-2 s alkyl, C 1-2 s heteroalkyl, C 2 -25 alkenyl, C3-25 cycloalkyl, C5-25 polycycloalkyl, C 1-2 s heterocycloalkyl, C 1-2 s arylalkyl; R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are independently optionally substituted with one or more of any of the following substituents: C 1-2 s alkyl, C 1-2 s heteroalkyl, C2-25 alkenyl, C3-25 cycloalkyl, C 1-2 s aryl, and C 1-2 s heteroaryl.
  • the first chromophore is:
  • the luminescent material is present in the polymer matrix of the wavelength conversion layer in an amount in the range of about 0.01 wt% to about 10 wt%, about 0.01 wt% to about 3 wt%, about 0.05 wt% to about 2 wt%, or about 0.1 wt% to about 1 wt%, by weight of the polymer matrix.
  • the thickness of the wavelength conversion layer is about 2 ⁇ to about 50 ⁇ , about 5 ⁇ to about 20 ⁇ , about 8 to about 10 ⁇ , about 10 ⁇ to about 2 mm, or about 50 ⁇ to about 1 mm.
  • the wavelength conversion layer comprises more than one luminescent material, for example, at least two different luminescent materials.
  • the two or more luminescent materials absorb photons in the UV wavelength region. It may be desirable to have multiple luminescent materials in the wavelength conversion layer, depending on the application.
  • a first chromophore may act to convert photons having wavelengths in the range of about 300 nm to about 350 nm into photons of a wavelength of about 450 nm
  • a second chromophore may act to convert photons having wavelengths in the range of about 350 nm to about 400 nm into photons of a wavelength of about 450 nm.
  • Particular wavelength control may be selected based upon the luminescent material(s) utilized.
  • the transparent substrate comprises two or more wavelength conversion layers, wherein each of the wavelength conversion layers independently comprises a different luminescent material such that each of the wavelength conversion layers absorbs photons at a different wavelength range.
  • two or more luminescent materials are mixed together within the same layer, such as, for example, in the wavelength conversion layer.
  • two or more luminescent materials are located in separate layers or sublayers within the system.
  • the wavelength conversion layer comprises a first luminescent material
  • an additional polymer sublayer comprises a second luminescent material.
  • the holographic element can separate the incident light and diffract the separated light at different angles depending on the wavelength of the light.
  • the holographic element is configured to separate the solar spectrum into different wavelengths for multiple incident angles of incoming light. For example, light is incident on the solar module at different angles during the day, where in the morning the light is at a low angle, in the middle of the day the light may be directly above the module, and in the evening the light is again at a low angle.
  • the holographic element may have multiple holograms to account for the different angles of incident light, and is therefore able to "passively" track the incident light, and separate the spectrum into different wavelengths.
  • the holographic element is configured to separate potentially harmful UV portions of the solar spectrum from the visible portion of the spectrum, such that the UV wavelengths are refracted out of the system without being transmitted through the window. In some embodiments, the holographic element is configured to separate the IR portion of the solar spectrum from the visible portion of the solar spectrum, such that light having IR wavelengths is refracted out of the system without being transmitted through the window.
  • the transparent composite may further comprise a photovoltaic or solar cell.
  • the transparent composite may be configured for different types of solar energy conversion devices.
  • the photovoltaic cell is attached to the edge surface of the transparent composite, and the photovoltaic cell absorbs a portion of the light that is diffracted by the holographic element and/or re-emitted by the luminescent material.
  • the solar energy conversion device is selected from the group consisting of a silicon-based device, a III-V or II- VI PN junction device, a Copper- Indium-Gallium-Selenium (CIGS) thin film device, an organic sensitizer device, an organic thin-film device, or a Cadmium Sulfide/Cadmium Telluride (CdS/CdTe) thin film device.
  • the photovoltaic device or solar cell may be an amorphous Silicon (a-Si) solar cell.
  • the photovoltaic device or solar cell comprises a microcrystalline Silicon ⁇ c-Si) solar cell.
  • the photovoltaic device or solar cell may be a crystalline Silicon (c-Si) solar cell.
  • additional materials may be used, such as glass layers or polymer layers.
  • the materials may be used to protect the holographic element.
  • glass layers selected from low iron glass, Borofloat®, borosilicate glass, or soda-lime glass may be used in the transparent composite.
  • the composition of the glass or polymer layers may also further comprise a strong UV absorber to block harmful high energy radiation.
  • additional materials or layers may be used such as edge sealing tape, frame materials, polymer materials, or adhesive layers to adhere additional layers to the device.
  • the device further comprises an additional polymer layer containing a UV absorber.
  • the transparent substrate further comprises a UV absorber.
  • the transparent composite further comprises a UV stabilizer, antioxidant, absorber, which may act to block high energy irradiation.
  • the transparent composite further comprises means for binding the holographic element, the transparent substrate, and any additional layer in the transparent composite.
  • the holographic element 100 is optically attached to a transparent substrate 101, where incoming light 102 is incident on the holographic element, and is diffracted into the building at an angle which improves illumination, while light that does not contact the holographic element transmits directly through the window and is not useful for illumination (light hits one spot on the floor causing glaring), as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the holographic element is optically attached to a transparent substrate, where incoming light is incident on the holographic element, and is diffracted such that light at a certain angle (i.e., greater than +50 degrees from horizontal, or from the direction normal to the face of the window) are redirected into the building at an angle which improves illumination, while light that is incident on the window within the desired line of sight (i.e., angles less +30 from horizontal, or from the direction normal to the face of the window) are allowed to transmit through the window without diffraction by the holographic element, as illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • a certain angle i.e., greater than +50 degrees from horizontal, or from the direction normal to the face of the window
  • the desired line of sight i.e., angles less +30 from horizontal, or from the direction normal to the face of the window
  • the holographic element is optically attached to a transparent substrate, where incoming light is incident on the holographic element, and is diffracted such that light of undesirable wavelengths are refracted directly out of the module, while the light within the line of sight and of desirable (i.e., visible) wavelengths are allowed to transmit through the window, as illustrated in FIGS. 3-6.
  • the exemplified system comprises a holographic element 100 attached to a transparent substrate 101, wherein the transparent substrate comprises a transparent matrix having a major top surface for receipt of solar radiation, a bottom surface, and at least one edge surface.
  • the holographic element 100 is disposed on the transparent substrate, wherein light is incident on the transparent composite at different angles throughout the day and wherein the holographic element is configured to allow incident light 102 through the transparent composite that is within the viewers line of sight 103 so that this view is undistorted. Further, the holographic element is configured to diffract incident light 102 on the window outside of the viewer's line of sight, into the building such that the illumination within the building in improved
  • FIG. 4 Another embodiment of the system is shown in FIG. 4, comprising a holographic element 100 attached to a transparent substrate 101, wherein the transparent substrate comprises a transparent matrix having a major top surface for receipt of solar radiation, a bottom surface, and at least one edge surface.
  • the holographic element 100 is disposed on the transparent substrate, wherein light is incident on the transparent composite at different angles throughout the day and wherein the holographic element is configured to allow a portion of the desirable incident light (visible) 104 through the transparent composite that is within the viewers line of sight 103 so that this view is undistorted.
  • the holographic element is configured to diffract the desirable incident light (visible) 104 which is outside the viewers line of sight, into the building such that the illumination within the building in improved.
  • the holographic element is configured to diffract the undesirable incident light (UV) 105 and (IR) 106 at an angle that allows the light to exit the system without being transmitted through the window, thus reducing the heat due to solar radiation inside the building.
  • FIG. 5 Another embodiment of the system is shown in FIG. 5, comprising a holographic element 100 attached to a transparent substrate 101, wherein the transparent substrate comprises a transparent matrix having a major top surface for receipt of solar radiation, a bottom surface, and at least one edge surface.
  • the holographic element 100 is disposed on the transparent substrate, wherein light is incident on the transparent composite at different angles throughout the day and wherein the holographic element is configured to allow a portion of the desirable incident light (visible) 104 through the transparent composite that is within the viewers line of sight 103 so that this view is undistorted.
  • the holographic element is configured to diffract the desirable incident light (visible) 104 which is outside the viewers line of sight, into the building such that the illumination within the building in improved.
  • the holographic element is configured to diffract the undesirable incident light (UV) 105 and (IR) 106 at an angle that allows the light to exit the system without being transmitted through the window, thus reducing the heat due to solar radiation inside the building.
  • the transparent composite further comprises a wavelength conversion layer 107 where a portion of the light (UV wavelengths) are absorbed by the luminescent material in the wavelength conversion layer and re-emitted from the wavelength conversion layer at a wavelength in the visible light spectrum, and the holographic element then redirects the visible wavelengths into the building such that illumination is improved.
  • FIG. 1 Another embodiment of the system is shown in FIG.
  • a holographic element 100 attached to a transparent substrate 101, wherein the transparent substrate comprises a transparent matrix having a major top surface for receipt of solar radiation, a bottom surface, and at least one edge surface.
  • the holographic element 100 is disposed on the transparent substrate, wherein light is incident on the transparent composite at different angles throughout the day and wherein the holographic element is configured to allow a portion of the desirable incident light (visible) 104 through the transparent composite that is within the viewers line of sight 103 so that this view is undistorted.
  • the holographic element is configured to diffract the desirable incident light (visible) 104 which is outside the viewers line of sight, into the building such that the illumination within the building in improved.
  • the holographic element is configured to diffract the undesirable incident light (UV) 105 and (IR) 106 at an angle that allows the light to exit the system without being transmitted through the window, thus reducing the heat due to solar radiation inside the building or vehicle.
  • the transparent composite further comprises a wavelength conversion layer 107 where a portion of the light (UV wavelengths) are absorbed by the luminescent material in the wavelength conversion layer and re-emitted from the wavelength conversion layer at a wavelength in the visible light spectrum, and the holographic element then redirects the visible wavelengths either into the building such that illumination is improved, or into the transparent substrate where it is internally reflected and refracted towards its edges and out of the transparent composite.
  • the transparent composite further comprises a solar energy conversion device 108, which is positioned on the edge of the transparent substrate so that the portion of diffracted light may be collected and converted into energy by the solar energy conversion device.
  • the transparent composite comprising a holographic element, a transparent substrate, a wavelength conversion layer, and a solar energy conversion device may be optimized to maximize indoor illumination, visibility, and solar energy harvesting.
  • the holographic element is optically attached to a transparent substrate, where the transparent substrate comprises at least one wavelength conversion layer, where incoming light is incident on the holographic element, is separated such that undesirable wavelengths are refracted directly out of the module, while the desirable (UV and visible) wavelengths are reflected at an angle into the transparent substrate, and the UV wavelengths are absorbed by the luminescent material in the wavelength conversion layer and re-emitted from the wavelength conversion layer at a wavelength in the visible light spectrum, and the transparent substrate then directs the visible wavelengths by total internal reflection into the solar energy conversion device, where they are converted into electricity.
  • the transparent substrate comprises at least one wavelength conversion layer, where incoming light is incident on the holographic element, is separated such that undesirable wavelengths are refracted directly out of the module, while the desirable (UV and visible) wavelengths are reflected at an angle into the transparent substrate, and the UV wavelengths are absorbed by the luminescent material in the wavelength conversion layer and re-emitted from the wavelength conversion layer at a wavelength in the visible light spectrum, and the transparent
  • the transparent composite comprising a holographic element and a transparent substrate is applicable for all different types of solar cell devices.
  • Devices such as a silicon-based device, a III-V or II-VI PN junction device, a Copper- Indium-Gallium-Selenium (CIGS) thin-film device, an organic sensitizer device, an organic thin film device, or a Cadmium Sulfide/Cadmium Telluride (CdS/CdTe) thin- film device, can be used with the transparent composite.
  • the system comprises at least one photovoltaic device or solar cell comprising a Cadmium Sulfide/Cadmium Telluride solar cell.
  • the photovoltaic device or solar cell may be a Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide solar cell. In some embodiments, the photovoltaic or solar cell may be a III-V or II-VI PN junction device. In some embodiments, the photovoltaic or solar cell may be an organic sensitizer device. In some embodiments, the photovoltaic or solar cell may be an organic thin-film device. In some embodiments, the photovoltaic device or solar cell may be an amorphous Silicon (a-Si) solar cell. In some embodiments, the photovoltaic device or solar cell comprises a microcrystalline Silicon ⁇ c-Si) solar cell. In some embodiments, the photovoltaic device or solar cell may be a crystalline Silicon (c-Si) solar cell.
  • additional materials may be used, such as glass plates or polymer layers.
  • the materials may be used to encapsulate the holographic element(s), or they may be used to protect or encapsulate the solar cell and/or wavelength conversion layer.
  • glass plates selected from low iron glass, borosilicate glass, or soda- lime glass, may be used in the system.
  • the composition of the glass plate or polymer layers may also further comprise a strong UV absorber to block harmful high energy radiation into the solar cell.
  • additional materials or layers may be used such as edge sealing tape, frame materials, polymer materials, or adhesive layers to adhere additional layers to the system.
  • the system further comprises an additional polymer layer containing a UV absorber.
  • the composition of the wavelength conversion layer further comprises a UV stabilizer, antioxidant, or absorber, which may act to block high energy irradiation and prevent photo-degradation of the chromophore compound.
  • the thickness of the wavelength conversion layer is between about 10 ⁇ and about 2 mm.
  • the transparent composite further provide a means for binding the holographic element and the transparent substrate, and any additional layer in the transparent composite.
  • the transparent composite further comprises an adhesive layer.
  • an adhesive layer adheres the holographic elements to glass plates, polymer layers, or to the wavelength conversion layer.
  • the adhesive layer comprises a substance selected from the group consisting of rubber, acrylic, silicone, vinyl alkyl ether, polyester, polyamide, urethane, fluorine, epoxy, ethylene vinyl acetate, and combinations thereof.
  • the adhesive can be permanent or non-permanent.
  • the thickness of the adhesive layer is between about 1 ⁇ and 100 ⁇ .
  • the refractive index of the adhesive layer is in the range of about 1.4 to about 1.7.
  • the wavelength conversion layer is formed by first synthesizing the chromophore/polymer solution in the form of a liquid or gel, applying the chromophore/polymer solution to a glass plate using standard methods of application, such as spin coating or drop casting, then curing the chromophore/polymer solution to a solid form (i.e., heat treating, UV exposure, etc.) as is determined by the formulation design. Once dry, the film can then be adhered to glass or polymer substrates. In some embodiments the wavelength conversion layer may be adhered to glass or polymer surfaces using an optically transparent and photostable adhesive and/or laminator. [0118]
  • the object of this disclosure is to provide a transparent composite comprising a holographic element and a transparent substrate, which may be suitable for application to building windows or skylights. By using this transparent composite, we can expect improved indoor illumination with minimal visibility distortion.
  • Embodiment 1 A transparent composite comprising:
  • a transparent substrate coupled to a holographic element
  • the transparent composite has a size and shape suitable for use as a building window
  • the holographic element comprises an interference pattern that diffracts a selected portion of incident solar light such that, when the transparent composite is used as a building window, the selected portion of incident light is redirected into the building at an angle that provides improved illumination within the building.
  • Embodiment 2 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, wherein the selected portion of the incident light is diffracted in a direction that is away from normal to a surface of the transparent composite which is contacted by the selected portion of the incident light.
  • Embodiment 3 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the holographic element comprises a hologram, wherein the hologram is made with a laser.
  • Embodiment 4 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, or 3, wherein the interference pattern of the holographic optical element varies throughout an area defined by a surface of the holographic element.
  • Embodiment 5 The transparent composite of Embodiments 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein the holographic element is configured to diffract photons of different incident wavelengths in different directions in order to improve the interior illumination of the building.
  • Embodiment 6 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, wherein the holographic element is configured to diffract photons in the visible light region in a direction that will improve illumination in the building while reducing glare.
  • Embodiment 7 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, wherein the holographic element is configured to diffract light incident on the system at an angle greater than about +60 degrees from the direction normal to the surface of the transparent composite.
  • Embodiment 8 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, wherein the holographic element is configured to diffract light incident on the system at an angle greater than about +30 degrees from the direction normal to the surface of the transparent composite.
  • Embodiment 9 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, wherein the holographic element is configured to not diffract light incident on the system between the angles of about +30 degrees to -30 degrees from the direction normal to the surface of the transparent composite.
  • Embodiment 10 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, wherein the holographic element is configured to not diffract visible light incident on the system at angles between about +15 degrees and about -15 degrees from the direction normal to the surface of the transparent composite.
  • Embodiment 11 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or
  • the transparent composite has a transmittance in at least one viewing angle of at least 70% for wavelengths of light between about 400 nm and 700 nm.
  • Embodiment 12 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 1 1, wherein the holographic element is optimized for different orientations of the solar array depending upon the position in the building or latitude of its location.
  • Embodiment 13 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
  • Embodiment 14 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, or 13, wherein the holographic element comprises a photosensitive film.
  • Embodiment 15 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14, wherein the holographic element comprises dichromated gelatin, chemically modified dichromated gelatin, a photopolymer, a bleached or an unbleached photo emulsion, a nanoparticle doped photopolymer, a silver halide film, or a combination thereof.
  • Embodiment 16 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15, wherein the transparent substrate comprises a transparent glass or polymer material with a refractive index of between about 1.4 and about 1.7.
  • Embodiment 17 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16, wherein the transparent substrate comprises one or multiple transparent layers.
  • Embodiment 18 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, or 17, wherein more than one holographic element is present.
  • Embodiment 19 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18, wherein the holographic element is disposed on the transparent substrate.
  • Embodiment 20 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or 19, wherein the transparent substrate transparent matrix material comprises glass, a thiourethane, a polycarbonate (PC), allyl diglycol carbonate, a polyacrylate, an ester of a polyacrylic acid or a polyacrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidinone, a hexafluoroacetone-tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene (HFA/TFE/E terpolymer), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, a polyimide, polystyrene, a polyurethane, organosiloxane, a polyvinyl butyral-co-vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate, a poly(ethylene teraphthalate)
  • Embodiment 21 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20, wherein the transparent substrate comprises at least one layer comprising a host polymer, a host polymer and a co-polymer, or multiple polymers.
  • Embodiment 22 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21, wherein the transparent substrate comprises a layer of a transparent inorganic amorphous glass.
  • Embodiment 23 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, or 22, wherein the transparent substrate comprises a layer of a glass material comprising silicon dioxide, albite, crown, flint, low iron glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, or any combination thereof.
  • Embodiment 24 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23, further comprising a polymer layer, a glass layer, or a UV absorber material or layer.
  • Embodiment 25 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, or 24, wherein the transparent substrate further comprises a luminescent material, wherein said luminescent material acts to absorb incident photons of a particular wavelength range, and re-emit those photons at a different wavelength, wherein a portion of the re-emitted photons are redirected into the building to improve illumination within the building.
  • a luminescent material acts to absorb incident photons of a particular wavelength range, and re-emit those photons at a different wavelength, wherein a portion of the re-emitted photons are redirected into the building to improve illumination within the building.
  • Embodiment 26 The transparent composite of Embodiment 25, wherein the transparent substrate comprises a single layer, wherein said layer is a wavelength conversion layer, and wherein said wavelength conversion layer comprises a polymer matrix and a luminescent material.
  • Embodiment 27 The transparent composite of Embodiment 26, wherein the transparent substrate comprises two or more transparent layers, wherein at least one of the layers is a wavelength conversion layer, wherein said wavelength conversion layer comprises a polymer matrix and a luminescent material.
  • Embodiment 28 The transparent composite of Embodiment 25, 26, or 27, wherein the wavelength conversion layer or layers are sandwiched in between glass or polymer plates.
  • Embodiment 29 The transparent composite of Embodiment 25, 26, 27, or 28, wherein the wavelength conversion layer or layers are on top of or on bottom of a glass or polymer plate.
  • Embodiment 30 The transparent composite of Embodiment 25, 26, 27, 28, or 29, wherein the transparent substrate comprises two or more luminescent materials.
  • Embodiment 31 The transparent composite of Embodiment 30, wherein the transparent substrate comprises two or more wavelength conversion layers, wherein each of the wavelength conversion layers independently comprises a different luminescent material such that each of the wavelength conversion layers absorbs photons at a different wavelength range.
  • Embodiment 32 The transparent composite of Embodiment 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, or
  • Embodiment 33 The transparent composite of Embodiment 25 to 32, wherein the luminescent material absorbs photons in the UV wavelength region, and re-emits the photons in the visible wavelength region.
  • Embodiment 34 The transparent composite of Embodiment 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
  • Embodiment 35 The transparent composite of Embodiment 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32,
  • the polymer matrix of the wavelength conversion layer is formed from polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, amorphous polycarbonate, polystyrene, siloxane sol-gel, polyurethane, polyacrylate, or a combination thereof.
  • Embodiment 36 The transparent composite of Embodiment 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, or 35, wherein the polymer matrix of the wavelength conversion layer comprises one host polymer, a host polymer and a co-polymer, or multiple polymers.
  • Embodiment 37 The transparent composite of Embodiment 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36, wherein the refractive index of the polymer matrix material is in the range of about 1.4 to about 1.7.
  • Embodiment 38 The transparent composite of Embodiment 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, or 37, wherein the luminescent material is present in the polymer matrix in an amount in the range of about 0.01 wt% to about 3 wt%.
  • Embodiment 39 The transparent composite of Embodiment 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, or 38, wherein the luminescent material is a quantum dot material.
  • Embodiment 40 The transparent composite of Embodiment 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, or 39, wherein the luminescent material is an organic compound.
  • Embodiment 41 The transparent composite of Embodiment 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, or 40, wherein the luminescent material is a perylene derivative dye, a benzotriazole derivative dye, a diazaborinine, or a benzothiadiazole derivative dye.
  • Embodiment 42 The transparent composite of Embodiment 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, or 41, wherein the luminescent material is represented by a structure of formula (I):
  • Ri, R2, and R3 comprise and alkyl, a substituted alkyl, or an aryl.
  • Embodiment 43 The transparent composite of Embodiment 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, or 42, wherein the luminescent material is represented by a structure of formula (Il-a) or (Il-b):
  • R is optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkenyl, optionally substituted arylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted cycloheteroalkyl, optionally substituted cycloheteroalkenyl, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted amido, optionally substituted cyclic amido, optionally substituted cyclic imido, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted carboxy, optionally substituted carbonyl, optionally substituted ether, optionally substituted ketone, optionally substituted sulfone, or optionally substituted sulfonamide; or R is an optionally substituted polycyclic ring system, wherein each ring is independently cycl
  • R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are independently optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkenyl, optionally substituted arylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted cycloheteroalkyl, optionally substituted cycloheteroalkenyl, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted amido, optionally substituted cyclic amido, optionally substituted cyclic imido, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted carboxy, optionally substituted carbonyl, optionally substituted ether, optionally substituted ketone, optionally substituted sulfone, or optionally substituted sulfonamide; or R
  • L is of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted alkylene, optionally substituted heteroalkylene, optionally substituted alkynylene, optionally substituted arylene, or optionally substituted heteroarylene.
  • Embodiment 44 The transparent composite of Embodiment 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, or 43, wherein the wavelength conversion layer further comprises a UV stabilizer, an antioxidant, or an absorber.
  • Embodiment 45 The transparent composite of Embodiment 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, or 44, wherein the thickness of the wavelength conversion layer is about 10 m to about 2 mm.
  • Embodiment 46 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, or 45, wherein the system further comprises an additional polymer layer comprising a UV absorber.
  • Embodiment 47 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, or 46, further comprising means for binding the holographic element, the transparent substrate, and any additional layer in the transparent composite.
  • Embodiment 48 The transparent composite of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, or 47, further comprising a photovoltaic cell.
  • Embodiment 49 The transparent composite of Embodiment 48, wherein the photovoltaic cell is attached to the edge surface of the transparent composite, and wherein the photovoltaic cell absorbs a portion of the light that is diffracted by the holographic optical element.
  • Embodiment 50 The transparent composite of Embodiment 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, or 49, wherein the luminescent material comprises:
  • a glass substrate was cut to about 7" x 7" square.
  • the cut glass sheet was cleaned with soap (washing detergent) and water, and then dried by nitrogen gas (N 2 ) at room temperature.
  • the cleaned and dried glass substrate sample was blown with 2 gas (room temperature for about 30 seconds) and heated to about 60 °C.
  • the heated plate was spin coated with about 6 tablespoon filtered DCG solution at about 85 rpm for about 5 min.
  • the coated glass substrate was then dried at about 50% humidity and about 20 °C for about 20 h.
  • the thickness of the film was about 8 to 10 ⁇ .
  • the DCG-coated glass substrate was then cut into multiple 2" x 2" pieces.
  • the DCG film was then exposed to two expanded and collimated (about 3" diameter) coherent 2W 532n laser beam (Coherent Verdi 5W) for about 45 seconds.
  • the two laser beams incident from the same side of DCG film and has 50° and -50° to the DCG film normal.
  • the incident laser beams were directly impinging the recording DCG film at the aforementioned angles (+ or - 50° to the DCG film normal), as opposed to using additional intervening prismatic elements to effect the desired incident angles.
  • a hologram was formed by recording interferometric pattern on the DCG film based on the interference between the two laser beams.
  • the DCG film coated glass was detached from the mirror and was developed in Kodak FixerTM solution for about 1 min and then rinsed about 20 min through a running DI water bath. While not wanting to be limited by theory, it is believed that rinsing the DCG film for about 20 min enables broad band (about 400 nm to about 700 nm) diffraction efficiency.
  • Step 1 2-Isobutyl-2H-benzor ⁇ fllT .2.3 "
  • Step 2 4J-Dibromo-2-isobu -2H-benzor ⁇ iiri,2,3 "
  • Example Chromophore Compound 1 was synthesized according to the following reaction scheme.
  • the HOE substrate was then, sequentially rinsed in IP A/water solutions (25/75, 50/50, 75/25, 90/10, and 100/0) for about 30 seconds for each bath.
  • the film was then dried in an 80 °C chamber with a 2 gas flow of about 30 CFM for about 10 min.
  • the dried film was then (removed) scratched about 2 mm about the entire perimeter of the film.
  • a second 2" x 2" glass substrate, prepared as described earlier, was heated at about 85 °C for about 10 min. About 0.2 ml of compound 1 added UV curable epoxy was placed on the surface of the (dried film) second prepared glass substrate.
  • the dried film was then deposited between the first and second glass substrates at room temperature with (until excess UV epoxy (and air bubbles) squeeze out any pressure/no heat) pressure and laminated.
  • the laminated sample was then cured with about 10 mW/cm 2 ultraviolet light (about 360 nm) (LOCKTITE®, Dusseldorf, Germany) for about 2 min.
  • FIG. 7 shows the transmittance versus wavelength of the Example 1 - HOE/WLC film.
  • the diffraction efficiency of the HOE/WLC film was measured using an equation like below: A white light from Xenon source (Ocean Optics HL-2000-FHSA) was guided through a optic fiber, beam was collimated by confocal lens and incident onto HOE film from 50° from the normal of the film substrate. The passthrough light spectrum will be recorded by using fiber optical spectroscopy (StellaNets Black-Comet CXR-SR-50). The difference of the light spectrum with and without the HOE film will be used to decide the diffraction efficiency of HOE film at each wavelength as:
  • FIG. 8 shows the diffraction efficiency of HOE film vs. different incident light wavelength.
  • FIG. 9 The results of sunlight redirecting measurement of HOE/WLC film is shown at FIG. 9.
  • the HOE/WLC film was placed at a holder and tilted about 50° towards the incident sunlight (from above hole). Both direct pass through light spot at the bottom and diffracted spot at the left as illustrated in FIG. 9.
  • the HOE/WLC show excellent transparency (>85%) between 400-700 nm when viewed from 0° from the surface normal.
  • sunlight coming from a different incident angle (50°) after passing through the HOE/WLC film, as shown in FIG.8, a relatively flat diffraction efficiency performance across the 400-700 nm visible wavelength was observed. This will ensure redirection of the entire white spectrum of the sunlight.
  • part of the incident sunlight can be diffracted out of the original path by HOE/WLC film and can be potentially useful for indoor illumination.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne des composites transparents qui sont utiles pour améliorer l'éclairage d'intérieur. Le composite transparent redirige la lumière du soleil de telle sorte que l'éclairage à l'intérieur du bâtiment soit amélioré tout en réduisant ou en éliminant l'éblouissement. Dans certains modes de réalisation, le composite transparent redirigeant la lumière du soleil comprend un substrat transparent et un élément holographique, l'élément holographique comprenant un motif d'interférence qui diffracte une partie sélectionnée de la lumière solaire incidente de telle sorte que la lumière soit redirigée dans le bâtiment selon un angle qui permet un éclairage amélioré à l'intérieur du bâtiment. Dans certains modes de réalisation, les structures de diffraction sont identiques sur toute la longueur de l'élément holographique. Dans certains modes de réalisation, les structures de diffraction varient en continu sur la longueur de l'élément holographique. Dans certains modes de réalisation, le système peut également comprendre des éléments de conversion de longueur d'onde luminescente. Dans certains modes de réalisation, le matériau luminescent absorbe des photons UV et convertit ces photons en longueurs d'onde visibles.
PCT/US2015/050494 2014-09-16 2015-09-16 Composite transparent pour un meilleur éclairage d'intérieur Ceased WO2016044462A1 (fr)

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WO2020008438A1 (fr) * 2018-07-06 2020-01-09 Guardian Glass, LLC Store électrique commandé par potentiel à enroulement amélioré, procédés de fabrication dudit store et son procédé de fonctionnement
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CN111726952A (zh) * 2020-06-22 2020-09-29 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 壳体组件及其制备方法、电子设备

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