WO2015133523A1 - 蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤、およびこれを用いた蛍光免疫染色法 - Google Patents
蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤、およびこれを用いた蛍光免疫染色法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015133523A1 WO2015133523A1 PCT/JP2015/056357 JP2015056357W WO2015133523A1 WO 2015133523 A1 WO2015133523 A1 WO 2015133523A1 JP 2015056357 W JP2015056357 W JP 2015056357W WO 2015133523 A1 WO2015133523 A1 WO 2015133523A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/531—Production of immunochemical test materials
- G01N33/532—Production of labelled immunochemicals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
- G01N33/585—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with a particulate label, e.g. coloured latex
- G01N33/587—Nanoparticles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54313—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals the carrier being characterised by its particulate form
- G01N33/54346—Nanoparticles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y15/00—Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y5/00—Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a phosphor-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent and a fluorescent immunostaining method using the phosphor-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent.
- phosphor-integrated nanoparticle labeling agents are known (for example, Patent Document 1).
- This fluorescent substance-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent includes a probe biological substance that can bind to a biomolecule to be detected, and fluorescent substance-integrated nanoparticles.
- a first binding group for example, biotin in the examples (hereinafter the same) biotin
- a second binding group streptavidin
- a spacer having an appropriate chain length may be interposed between each nanoparticle.
- Patent Document 1 discloses not only an embodiment in which phosphor-aggregated nanoparticles are bound to a primary antibody via biotin-streptavidin as shown in Examples, but also a secondary antibody as a primary antibody. It is also disclosed that the embodiment may be such that the phosphor-aggregated nanoparticles are bound to the secondary antibody via biotin-streptavidin after binding.
- the intensity of a fluorescent signal is increased, that is, the presence of a substance to be detected is indicated by a bright spot.
- the concentration of the probe biological material and / or phosphor-integrated nanoparticles can be increased to achieve the above-mentioned purpose.
- the probe biological material and phosphor-integrated nanoparticles are detected. There is a problem in that it becomes easy to adsorb non-specifically to other substances, and the noise that the base point appears also in a place where the substance to be detected does not exist is increased.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a phosphor-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent that can suppress non-specific adsorption to a substance other than the detection target of the substance and to obtain a fluorescent immunostaining image with reduced noise, and an immunostaining method using the same. To do.
- the following phosphor-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent and a fluorescent immunostaining method using the same are provided.
- an image forming apparatus reflecting one aspect of the present invention includes a first binding group substance via a polymer-derived spacer having a length of 30 angstroms or more and 1000 angstroms or less.
- a phosphor comprising a set of a probe biomaterial that is linked to a biomolecule and specifically binds to a biomolecule; and a phosphor-integrated nanoparticle having a second binding group material that can specifically bind to the first binding group material Integrated nanoparticle labeling agent.
- a fluorescent immunostaining method reflecting one aspect of the present invention is performed using the above-described phosphor-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent. It is.
- sufficient signal intensity can be obtained even when the final concentration of phosphor-integrated nanoparticles is low (for example, 0.02 nM), and non-specificity with respect to substances other than the detection target of the probe biological substance and the labeled body A fluorescent immunostained image with suppressed adsorption and noise can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a state where fluorescent immunostaining is performed using the fluorescent substance-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2A shows a linker having biotin (first binding group substance) bound to one end.
- (B) is the figure which showed the state which the other end of the linker of (A) couple
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a state where fluorescent immunostaining is performed using a fluorescent substance-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent according to the prior art.
- the fluorescent substance-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent according to the present invention is connected to the first binding group substance A via the polymer-derived spacer 1 and specifically binds to the biomolecule 2. It is characterized in that it includes a set consisting of a substance 3 and phosphor-integrated nanoparticles 5 to which a second binding group substance B capable of specifically binding to the first binding group substance A is bound.
- the “biomolecule” is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an antigen or a primary to n-order antibody (reagent I) specifically bound to the antigen.
- the term “antibody” is used to include any antibody fragment or derivative, and includes Fab, Fab′2, CDR, humanized antibody, multifunctional antibody, single chain antibody (ScFv), and the like. Including various antibodies.
- the “antigen” examples include proteins (polypeptides, oligopeptides, etc.), amino acids (including modified amino acids), and the proteins or amino acids and carbohydrates (oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, sugar chains, etc.), lipids. Or a complex with these modified molecules. Specifically, it may be a tumor marker, a signaling substance, a hormone, etc., and is not particularly limited.
- cancer-related antigens such as cancer growth regulators, metastasis regulators, growth regulator receptors and metastasis regulator receptors, TNF- ⁇ (Tumor Necrosis Factor ⁇ ), IL-6 ( Inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin-6) receptor and virus-related molecules such as RSV F protein are also included in the “antigen”.
- cancer-related antigens such as cancer growth regulators, metastasis regulators, growth regulator receptors and metastasis regulator receptors
- TNF- ⁇ Tumor Necrosis Factor ⁇
- IL-6 Inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin-6) receptor
- virus-related molecules such as RSV F protein
- the “biological target” to which the probe biological material specifically binds “Molecules” are primary to n-order antibodies (reagent I) specifically bound to the antigen, and the probe biological material is secondary to n + 1-order antibodies.
- an antibody drug generally used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, malignant tumors such as cancer, viral infections and the like can be used.
- Table 1 shows typical antibody drugs used in clinical practice.
- antibody drugs used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases are also listed in Table 1.
- a probe biomaterial is a molecule that specifically binds to a “biomolecule”. As described above, when the “biomolecule” is an antigen or a primary to n-th antibody (reagent I), Secondary to (n + 1) -order antibodies correspond to “probe biological material”.
- a probe biological material 3 is chemically bonded to one end of a polymer-derived spacer 1.
- the chemical bond between the spacer 1 and the probe biological material 3 is a bond by an appropriate bond mode such as a covalent bond, an ionic bond, a hydrogen bond, a coordination bond, a physical adsorption, a chemical adsorption, and the strength of the bonding force.
- a covalent bond such as an amide bond, an ester bond, an imide bond, or a bond utilizing thiol addition to a maleimide group is preferred.
- Specific methods for chemically bonding the probe biomaterial 3 to one end of the polymer include a thiol group-maleimide group coupling reaction method, a crosslinking agent (1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC). ) Etc.) can be mentioned.
- a hydrophobic polymer or a hydrophilic polymer having a predetermined length, and a combination thereof are preferably used.
- the hydrophobic polymer include polyamides, saturated hydrocarbons, cyclic hydrocarbons, hydrophobic polyamino acids, polystyrenes, polymethacrylates, and the like having a predetermined length described later.
- hydrophilic polymer examples include, but are not limited to, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, Ficoll, polyvinyl alcohol, styrene-maleic anhydride alternating copolymer, divinyl ether-maleic anhydride alternating copolymer, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, Polyvinyl methyl ether, polyvinyl methyl oxazoline, polyethyl oxazoline, polyhydroxypropyl oxazoline, polyhydroxypropyl methacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polydimethylacrylamide, polyhydroxypropyl methacrylate, polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, polyasphal From the group formed by toamides, synthetic polyamino acids, and the like It can be used one or two or more hydrophilic polymers that are-option.
- polyethylene glycol (PEG) is preferable from the hydrophilic polymers that are-option.
- the above polymer can be obtained as a polymer that has been maleimidated, aminated, biotinylated, thiolated or the like by the following reaction, and then bonded to the probe biological substance 3 or the first binding group substance A as a linker reagent. preferable.
- a method of obtaining a polymer having an amino group at both ends from alkanedicarboxylic acid and diaminoalkane by an amidation reaction a method of reacting a polymer having an amino group with biotin 4-nitrophenyl ester to biotinylate the amino group
- the polymer can be obtained in the form of a linker by a method in which a polymer having an amino group is reacted with N-succinimidyl 3-maleimidopropionate to maleimidize the amino group.
- a method for obtaining a maleimide polymer for example, a method obtained by dehydrating maleic anhydride and a primary amine (R1-NH 2 ) in a single step has been conventionally known.
- the primary amine should have a length from the carbon atom at the terminal R1 of the primary amine to the nitrogen atom of 30 angstroms or more and 1000 angstroms or less.
- the aminated polymer for example, it can be obtained by a reductive amination reaction between an aldehyde or a ketone and a primary amine (R1-NH 2 ).
- R1-NH 2 a primary amine
- the distance from the atom to the nitrogen atom and (3) the total length of the bond between the carbonyl group in (1) and the nitrogen atom in (2) should be not less than 30 angstroms and not more than 1000 angstroms.
- the biotinylated polymer can be obtained by biotinylation using the Fukuyama coupling method (Shimizu, T .; Seki, M. (2000) .2000 "Facile synthesis of (+)-biotin via Fukuyama coupling reaction ”. Tetrahedron Lett. 41 (26): 5099-5101.)
- the length of the main chain of the molecule to be reacted with biotin should be 30 angstroms or more and 1000 angstroms or less.
- alkyl halides having a distance from the main chain oxygen of the R chain to the halogen atom of 30 angstroms or more and 1000 angstroms or less
- hydrogen sulfide in the presence of alkali (R-Br + NaSH ⁇ R-SH + NaBr) method.
- the length of the spacer refers to the first binding group when the first hydrophilic polymer is bound to the first binding group substance A such as biotin and the probe biological substance 3 such as an antibody. It means the length of the portion of the chemical structure (spacer 1) derived from the first hydrophilic polymer between the substance A and the probe biological substance 3.
- the PEG linker of the specific example shown in FIG. 2 (A) will be described.
- One end of the PEG linker (the right end of the molecule shown in FIG. 2 (A)) is bound with biotin, and the other end of the PEG linker ( A maleimide group is bound to the left end of the molecule shown in FIG.
- the probe biological material 3 such as an antibody
- the length of the spacer derived from the first hydrophilic polymer (the length of the spacer 1) is as shown in FIG.
- this is the length of the portion from the nitrogen atom of the amide bond to the oxygen atom of the next amide bond corresponding to the portion shown by the double-pointed arrow.
- the chemical bond distance is a theoretical value based on a self-consistent approach. According to it, the N—C bond distance is 1.46 ⁇ , the C—C bond distance is 1.50 ⁇ , and the C—O bond distance is 1.38 ⁇ .
- the N—C bond distance is 1.46 ⁇
- the C—C bond distance is 1.50 ⁇
- the C—O bond distance is 1.38 ⁇ .
- the length of the spacer is 60.16 ⁇ of the total theoretical value as shown in FIG. 2.
- the length of the spacer 1 is preferably 33.6 angstroms or more and 980.7 angstroms or less, more preferably 33.6 angstroms or more and 104.7 angstroms or less, and particularly preferably 55.5 angstroms or more and 104.7 angstroms or less. .
- the first binding group substance A linked to the probe biological substance 3 bonded to the biomolecule 2 and the phosphor-integrated nanoparticles when fluorescent immunostaining is performed By setting the length of the spacer 1 to 30 angstroms or more, the first binding group substance A linked to the probe biological substance 3 bonded to the biomolecule 2 and the phosphor-integrated nanoparticles when fluorescent immunostaining is performed.
- the reaction efficiency with the second binding group substance B linked to 5 can be improved, and thereby the signal intensity can be improved. That is, it is possible to improve the certainty that when a biomolecule to be detected is present, its presence is indicated as a bright spot of the phosphor-integrated nanoparticles.
- the spacer 1 when the length of the spacer 1 exceeds 1000 angstroms (for example, about 1500 angstroms), the spacer 1 is a connective tissue, adipose tissue, etc., a stroma in a tissue section with a high proportion of hydrophobic amino acids, or the like It becomes easy to adsorb
- the degree of such nonspecific adsorption can be examined, for example, by performing immunofluorescent staining on cells that do not express the target biomolecule 2. Therefore, if the length of the spacer 1 is within the above-mentioned predetermined range, it is possible to suitably balance the improvement of the obtained fluorescence signal and the suppression of noise, and to quantify the biomolecule 2 such as an antigen related to a disease. The property can be made excellent.
- the length of the spacer 1 formed by chemically bonding the first hydrophilic polymer as described above is 30 angstroms or more. It can be obtained by setting the number of repeating units of the chemical structure contained in the first hydrophilic polymer so as to be 1000 angstroms or less, and requesting manufacture from a reagent manufacturer or the like.
- the first hydrophilic polymer that is commercially available so that the length of the spacer 1 formed by chemically bonding the first hydrophilic polymer as described above is 30 angstroms or more and 1000 angstroms or less.
- the solution is subjected to molecular weight fractionation (gel filtration, etc.) to recover only the first hydrophilic polymer having a predetermined molecular weight, and the first binding group is recovered from the recovered first hydrophilic polymer. It may be obtained by adding the substance A and the probe biological substance 3 to form the spacer 1.
- the length of the spacer 1 derived from the first hydrophilic polymer is, for example, that the complex of the obtained probe biological material 3, the spacer 1, and the first binding group substance A (reagent II) is MALDI-TOFMS. This can be confirmed by applying mass spectrometry.
- the above-described linker includes a first binding group substance A (biotin in the example of FIG. 2 (A)) at both ends of the first hydrophilic polymer 1, and a probe living body.
- a functional group maleimide group in the example of FIG. 2A
- the length of the spacer 1 is approximately the length from one end of the linker to the center, and from the center of the linker. This is because the portion up to the other end will not function as a spacer.
- a first hydrophilic polymer having functional groups at both ends can be obtained, for example, by purchasing from a generally known reagent manufacturer (Thermo Scientific).
- the first binding group substance A is, for example, avidin, biotin, streptavidin, neutravidin, hapten, anti-hapten antibody, etc., and as shown in FIG. 1, the second binding substance A bound to the phosphor-integrated nanoparticles 5 described later is used.
- the hapten include DIG (digoxigenin), FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate), and DNP (dinitrophenol).
- the bond between the spacer 1 and the first binding group substance A is from the viewpoint of the bond strength, the bond by an appropriate bond mode such as a covalent bond, an ionic bond, a hydrogen bond, a coordination bond, a physical adsorption, a chemical adsorption, and the strength of the bonding force.
- Covalent bonds such as amide bonds, ester bonds, imide bonds, and bonds utilizing thiol addition to maleimide groups are preferred.
- Specific methods for chemically bonding the first hydrophilic polymer and the first binding group substance A include a thiol group-maleimide group coupling reaction method, a crosslinking agent (1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylamino). (Propyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and the like) and ionic bonding methods.
- the first hydrophilic polymer is preferably a first hydrophilic polymer having a carboxy group at the molecular end.
- the first binding group substance A is bonded to the carboxy group at the center, and the length of the portion derived from the first hydrophilic polymer This is because there is a case where it cannot be sufficiently secured (the length of the spacer 1 does not fall within the range of 30 to 1000 angstroms).
- the second binding group substance B may be a molecule that specifically binds to the first binding group substance A, and examples thereof include biotin, neutravidin, avidin, streptavidin, anti-hapten antibody, and hapten.
- examples of the hapten include DIG (digoxigenin), FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate), and DNP (dinitrophenol).
- the bond between the phosphor-integrated nanoparticles 5 and the second binding group substance B may be a direct bond or an indirect bond with another molecule interposed as shown in FIG. Good.
- the mode of directly bonding the second binding group substance B to the phosphor-integrated nanoparticles 5 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include covalent bonds, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, coordination bonds, physical adsorption, and chemical adsorption. Can be carried out by a known method. A bond having a strong bonding force such as a covalent bond is preferred from the viewpoint of bond stability.
- the second hydrophilic polymer is derived from the phosphor-collected nanoparticles 5 and the second binding group substance B.
- another spacer 4 is interposed between the phosphor-integrated nanoparticles 5 and the second binding group substance B by bonding.
- the second hydrophilic polymer is polyethylene glycol, ficoll, polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, styrene-maleic anhydride alternating copolymer, divinyl ether-maleic anhydride alternating copolymer.
- polyethylene glycol is preferably used as the second hydrophilic polymer from the viewpoint of suppressing nonspecific adsorption.
- the binding between the spacer 4 derived from the second hydrophilic polymer and the second binding group substance B is, for example, the same as the binding between the spacer 1 derived from the first hydrophilic polymer and the first binding group substance A described above.
- an appropriate bonding mode such as covalent bond, ionic bond, hydrogen bond, coordination bond, physical adsorption, chemical adsorption, and the strength of bonding force, amide bond, ester bond, imide bond, preferably maleimide group It is a covalent bond such as a bond using thiol addition.
- the bond between the spacer 4 derived from the second hydrophilic polymer and the phosphor-integrated nanoparticles 5 is not particularly limited, and an appropriate bond such as a covalent bond, an ionic bond, a hydrogen bond, a coordinate bond, a physical adsorption, or a chemical adsorption. From the viewpoint of the bond by the form and the strength of the bonding force, an amide bond, an ester bond, an imide bond, a covalent bond such as a bond using thiol addition to the maleimide group, and the like are preferable.
- this bonding method examples include a thiol group-maleimide group coupling reaction method, a crosslinking reaction method using a crosslinking agent (1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), etc.), an ionic bonding method, and the like. Etc.
- the phosphor-integrated nanoparticles 5 are obtained by accumulating phosphors. By using such phosphor-integrated nanoparticles, the amount of fluorescence emitted per molecule, that is, the brightness of a bright spot for labeling a predetermined biomolecule can be increased as compared with a single molecule of phosphor.
- the term “phosphor” refers to a substance that is excited by irradiation with external X-rays, ultraviolet rays, visible rays, near-infrared rays or the like, and emits light in the process from an excited state to a ground state.
- the “phosphor” in the present invention is not limited to the transition mode when returning from the excited state to the ground state, but is a substance that emits narrowly defined fluorescence that is light emission accompanying deactivation from the excited singlet. It may be a substance that emits phosphorescence, which is light emission accompanying deactivation from a triplet.
- the “phosphor” referred to in the present invention is not limited by the light emission lifetime after blocking the excitation light. Therefore, it may be a substance known as a phosphorescent substance such as zinc sulfide or strontium aluminate. Such phosphors can be broadly classified into organic phosphors and inorganic phosphors.
- organic phosphors examples include fluorescein dye molecules, rhodamine dye molecules, Alexa Fluor (registered trademark, manufactured by Invitrogen Corporation) dye molecules, BODIPY (registered trademark, manufactured by Invitrogen Corporation) dyes Molecule, cascade (registered trademark, Invitrogen) dye molecule, coumarin dye molecule, NBD (registered trademark) dye molecule, pyrene dye molecule, Texas Red (registered trademark) dye molecule, cyanine dye molecule, perylene dye Examples thereof include substances known as organic fluorescent dyes, such as dye molecules and oxazine dye molecules.
- inorganic phosphor examples include quantum dots containing II-VI group compounds, III-V group compounds, or group IV elements as components ("II-VI group quantum dots", " III-V group quantum dot "or” IV group quantum dot "). You may use individually or what mixed multiple types.
- CdSe CdS, CdS, CdTe, ZnSe, ZnS, ZnTe, InP, InN, InAs, InGaP, GaP, GaAs, Si, and Ge, but are not limited thereto.
- a quantum dot having the above quantum dot as a core and a shell provided thereon.
- the core is CdSe and the shell is ZnS
- CdSe / ZnS when the core is CdSe and the shell is ZnS, it is expressed as CdSe / ZnS.
- CdSe / ZnS, CdS / ZnS, InP / ZnS, InGaP / ZnS, Si / SiO 2 , Si / ZnS, Ge / GeO 2 , Ge / ZnS, and the like can be used, but are not limited thereto.
- Quantum dots may be subjected to surface treatment with an organic polymer or the like as necessary.
- organic polymer or the like as necessary. Examples thereof include CdSe / ZnS having a surface carboxy group (manufactured by Invitrogen), CdSe / ZnS having a surface amino group (manufactured by Invitrogen), and the like.
- the method for producing the phosphor-integrated nanoparticles is not particularly limited, and can be produced by a known method. In general, a production method can be used in which phosphors are gathered together using a resin or silica as a base material (the phosphors are immobilized inside or on the surface of the base material).
- Examples of a method for producing phosphor-integrated nanoparticles using organic phosphors include a method of forming resin particles having a diameter of nanometer order by fixing a fluorescent dye, which is a phosphor, inside or on the surface of a matrix made of resin. Can do.
- the method for preparing the phosphor-integrated nanoparticles is not particularly limited.
- a (co) monomer for synthesizing a resin (thermoplastic resin or thermosetting resin) that forms the matrix of the phosphor-integrated nanoparticles While (co) polymerizing the phosphor, a method of adding the phosphor and incorporating the phosphor into the inside or the surface of the (co) polymer can be used.
- thermoplastic resin for example, polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, polyfuran, or a similar resin
- thermosetting resin for example, polyxylene, polylactic acid, glycidyl methacrylate, polymelamine, polyurea, polybenzoguanamine, polyamide, phenol resin, polysaccharide or similar resin
- Thermosetting resins, particularly melamine resins are preferred in that elution of the dye encapsulated in the dye resin can be suppressed by treatments such as dehydration, penetration, and encapsulation using an organic solvent such as xylene.
- polystyrene nanoparticles encapsulating an organic fluorescent dye can be obtained by a copolymerization method using an organic dye having a polymerizable functional group described in US Pat. No. 4,326,008 (1982), or US Pat. No. 5,326,692 (1992). ), And the method of impregnating polystyrene nanoparticles with a fluorescent organic dye is described.
- silica nanoparticles in which an organic phosphor is immobilized inside or on the surface of a matrix made of silica can also be produced.
- the method for synthesizing FITC-encapsulated silica particles described in Langmuir Vol. 8, Vol. 8, page 2921 (1992) can be referred to.
- Various fluorescent dye-containing silica nanoparticles can be synthesized by using a desired fluorescent dye instead of FITC.
- Examples of a method for producing phosphor-integrated nanoparticles using an inorganic phosphor include a method of forming silica nanoparticles in which quantum dots, which are phosphors, are fixed inside or on the surface of a matrix made of silica. This production method can be referred to the synthesis of CdTe-containing silica nanoparticles described in New Journal of Chemistry Vol. 33, p. 561 (2009).
- the silica beads are treated with a silane coupling agent to aminate the ends, and semiconductor fine particles as phosphors having carboxy group ends are amided on the surface of the silica beads.
- a method for collecting phosphors to form phosphor-integrated nanoparticles is also exemplified.
- a reverse micelle method and a mixture of organoalkoxysilane and alkoxide having an organic functional group with good adsorptivity to semiconductor nanoparticles at the molecular end as a glass precursor are used.
- glass-like particles in which semiconductor nanoparticles are dispersed and fixed are formed to form phosphor-integrated nanoparticles.
- EDC 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride
- an aggregate in which an inorganic phosphor is immobilized inside or on the surface of a matrix made of resin can be made using the method of impregnating quantum nanoparticles into polystyrene nanoparticles described in Nature Biotechnology Vol. 19, p. 631 (2001).
- tissue immunostaining method fluorescence immunostaining method using the fluorescent substance-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent according to the present invention will be described.
- Deparaffinization treatment step A tissue section of a paraffin-coated subject (human, dog, cat, etc. suspected of a specific disease) is immersed in a container containing xylene to remove paraffin.
- the temperature is not particularly limited, but can be performed at room temperature.
- the immersion time is preferably 3 minutes or longer and 30 minutes or shorter. If necessary, xylene may be exchanged during the immersion.
- the tissue section is immersed in a container containing ethanol to remove xylene.
- the temperature is not particularly limited, but can be performed at room temperature.
- the immersion time is preferably 3 minutes or longer and 30 minutes or shorter. Further, if necessary, ethanol may be exchanged during the immersion.
- the temperature is not particularly limited, but can be performed at room temperature.
- the immersion time is preferably 3 minutes or longer and 30 minutes or shorter. Moreover, you may exchange water in the middle of immersion as needed.
- Activation treatment step It is preferable to activate the antigen to be stained contained in the tissue section according to a known method.
- the conditions for the activation treatment are not particularly defined, but as the activation liquid, 0.01 M citrate buffer (pH 6.0), 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution (pH 8.0), 5% urea, 0. A 1M Tris-HCl buffer or the like can be used.
- a heating device an autoclave, a microwave, a pressure cooker, a water bath, etc. can be used.
- the temperature is not particularly limited, but can be performed at room temperature.
- the heat treatment temperature for the activation treatment can be 50 to 130 ° C., and the heat treatment time can be 5 to 30 minutes.
- the section after the activation treatment is immersed in a container containing a PBS buffer solution (hereinafter, PBS) and washed.
- PBS PBS buffer solution
- the temperature is not particularly limited, but can be performed at room temperature.
- the immersion time is preferably 3 minutes or longer and 30 minutes or shorter. If necessary, PBS may be replaced during the immersion.
- the fluorescent substance-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent probe biomaterial according to the present invention is bound to an antigen or primary to n-order antibody (biomolecule) in a tissue section.
- a buffer (PBS or the like) dispersion of the phosphor-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent is prepared, placed on a tissue section, and the probe biomaterial of the phosphor-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent is bound to the biomolecule.
- the stained tissue section is immersed in a container containing a buffer (PBS or the like) to remove unreacted fluorescent nanoparticle labeling agent or antibody.
- the immersion time is preferably 3 minutes or longer and 30 minutes or shorter.
- the buffer such as PBS
- tissue array slide derived from the same subject as a certain tissue array slide may be subjected to chemical immunostaining (DAB staining or the like) for confirming the presence or absence of the same or different antigen as fluorescent immunostaining.
- a certain tissue array slide may be subjected to double staining by fluorescent immunostaining and chemical immunostaining for a different antigen.
- an antibody or the like linked to a coloring enzyme is bound to a specific antigen in a pathological section by an antigen-antibody reaction or the like, and after the binding, a coloring substrate is added to the reaction system to Let the color develop.
- the above-described binding to the antigen can be performed by a known method.
- a substrate for the color-developing enzyme and a color former are added to the reaction system for chemical color development. Examples of the color former include the following.
- HRP horseradish peroxidase
- TMB 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine
- DAB 3,3′-diaminobenzidine
- 4-chloro-1-naphthol and the like can be mentioned. It is done.
- an enzyme alkaline phosphatase is used as the color-developing enzyme, new fuchsin and the like can be mentioned.
- the fixing treatment step is a step of fixing the phosphor-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent or the like introduced in the (3) staining treatment step to the tissue section.
- the fixing treatment solution include cross-linking agents such as formalin, paraformaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, acetone, ethanol and methanol, cell membrane permeants and the like.
- the fixing process can be performed by a conventionally known method. Specifically, the fixation treatment can be performed by immersing the stained tissue section obtained by the (3) staining treatment step in the fixation treatment solution as described above. For example, it can be performed by immersing the stained tissue section obtained by the (3) staining treatment step in a dilute paraformaldehyde aqueous solution for about several minutes to several hours.
- Observation step (5-1) Bright field observation step In the bright field observation step, staining using a color former (dye) that can be observed as visible light in the steps (1) to (4) (morphological observation staining, In the case of enzyme immunostaining, etc., illumination light is applied to the stained tissue section, the coloring agent dye deposited on the tissue section is observed, and the distribution information of the antigen to be stained in the cell or tissue (color development) This is a step of acquiring a score or the like.
- a color former a color former
- morphological observation staining In the case of enzyme immunostaining, etc., illumination light is applied to the stained tissue section, the coloring agent dye deposited on the tissue section is observed, and the distribution information of the antigen to be stained in the cell or tissue (color development)
- eosin used for morphological observation staining not only can be observed in a bright field, but also emits autofluorescence when irradiated with excitation light of a predetermined wavelength, so that it can be observed with a fluorescence microscope.
- the excitation light is not particularly limited as long as the tissue and eosin used as necessary emit autofluorescence of a desired wavelength
- the excitation light irradiation means is not particularly limited.
- a stained tissue section may be irradiated with excitation light having an appropriate wavelength and output from a laser light source included in a fluorescence microscope using a filter that selectively transmits a predetermined wavelength as necessary.
- the cell morphology information it is preferable to obtain the cell morphology information included in the fluorescence field of view.
- an appropriate filter that can sufficiently reduce, for example, the autofluorescence of the tissue or the fluorescence emitted by the fluorescent labeling material. preferable.
- the other staining for example, in bright field observation in the case of performing histochemical staining (DAB staining or the like) as a biomolecule for detection of HER2 protein in breast cancer, under irradiation of appropriate illumination light, Using a 4 ⁇ objective lens of an optical microscope, the HER2 protein positive staining image, the intensity of positive staining, and the positive cell rate of cancer cells in the specimen tissue are observed. Next, the objective lens is switched to 10 times, it is confirmed whether the positive findings are localized in the cell membrane or the cytoplasm, and if necessary, further searching is performed with the objective lens 20 times.
- DAB staining or the like histochemical staining
- the excitation light irradiates a suitable excitation light to the phosphor to excite the phosphor, and stains a biomolecule to be stained with fluorescence.
- the excitation light irradiation means is not particularly limited.
- a stained tissue section may be irradiated with excitation light having an appropriate wavelength and output from a laser light source included in a fluorescence microscope using a filter that selectively transmits a predetermined wavelength as necessary.
- the excitation light is not particularly limited as long as the fluorescence emitted by the phosphor can be identified in relation to the autofluorescence of the tissue section, but from the viewpoint of preventing the autofluorescence intensity from the tissue section from becoming too high. Excitation light having a wavelength of 700 nm is preferred. Further, as the fluorescent substance constituting the phosphor, a substance that emits fluorescence having a peak in the range of 480 nm or more, preferably in the range of 580 to 690 nm by the excitation light is used (therefore, fluorescence having an emission wavelength in this region is measured). To do).
- Obtaining the distribution information of the biomolecules includes, for example, measuring the number or density of biomolecules to be stained per cell based on the number of fluorescent bright spots or emission luminance.
- an excitation light source and a fluorescence detection optical filter corresponding to the absorption maximum wavelength and the fluorescence wavelength may be selected.
- the measurement of the number of bright spots or emission luminance it is preferable to use commercially available image analysis software (for example, all bright spot automatic measurement software “G-Count” (manufactured by Zeonstrom)), but the measuring means is particularly limited. Is not to be done.
- the action and effect of the fluorescent substance-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent according to the present invention and the fluorescent immunostaining method using the same will be described.
- the fluorescent substance-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent according to the present invention is linked to the first binding group substance A through a spacer derived from the hydrophilic polymer 1 having a predetermined length, and the antigen or primary to n-order antibodies, etc.
- a set comprising a probe biological material 3 that specifically binds to the biomolecule 2 and phosphor-integrated nanoparticles 5 to which a second binding base material B that can specifically bind to the first binding base material A is bound. (See FIG. 1).
- the length of the spacer 1 derived from the first hydrophilic polymer By setting the length of the spacer 1 derived from the first hydrophilic polymer to a predetermined value (30 angstroms) or more, it was linked to the probe biomaterial 3 bound to the biomolecule 2 when fluorescent immunostaining was performed.
- a predetermined value 1000 angstroms
- Reduction in reaction efficiency and nonspecific adsorption can be suppressed, and noise can be reduced.
- the detection sensitivity and quantitative accuracy of the biomolecule 2 such as an antigen related to a disease can be increased, and the reliability of pathological determination can be increased.
- the spacer 1 is derived from a hydrophilic polymer (first hydrophilic polymer) such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) having high hydrophilicity, the probe biological material 3, the spacer 1, and the first bond Nonspecific adsorption of the complex of the base substance A (reagent II) to stromal cells composed of hydrophobic tissues can be prevented. It is also advantageous in that the length of the spacer 1 can be easily adjusted by changing the number of oxyethylene units.
- first hydrophilic polymer such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) having high hydrophilicity
- the spacer 1 is derived from polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the number of oxyethylene units (n) in this spacer 1 is 6 to 230, the above-mentioned non-specific (1), (2) The effect of preventing adsorption can be particularly enhanced.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- n oxyethylene units
- the average particle diameter of the phosphor-integrated nanoparticles 5 is 50 nm or more and 200 nm or less, fluorescence observation with a general-purpose microscope becomes possible.
- the average particle diameter of the phosphor-integrated nanoparticles 5 is less than 50 nm, it is difficult to observe the bright spot in the fluorescence observation with a general-purpose microscope.
- the average particle diameter of the phosphor-integrated nanoparticles exceeds 200 nm, the binding efficiency between the phosphor-integrated nanoparticles and the probe biological material through the binding of the first and second binding group substances decreases.
- the length of the spacer 1 is not less than 50 angstroms and not more than 100 angstroms, the above-described effect (1) can be particularly enhanced.
- the phosphor-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent of the present invention can be used in various ways. It can be used for fluorescent immunostaining of various embodiments.
- Example 1 ⁇ Production of streptavidin-bound Texas Red dye-encapsulated melamine resin nanoparticles> After 2.5 mg of sulforhodamine 101 (“Sulforhodamine 101”, Sigma-Aldrich, Texas Red dye) was dissolved in 22.5 mL of pure water, the solution was stirred for 20 minutes while maintaining the temperature of the solution at 70 ° C. To the stirred solution, 1.5 g of melamine resin “Nicalak MX-035” (manufactured by Nippon Carbide Industries Co., Ltd.) was added, and the mixture was further heated and stirred under the same conditions for 5 minutes.
- the solution After adding 100 ⁇ L of formic acid to the stirred solution and stirring the solution for 20 minutes while maintaining the temperature of the solution at 60 ° C., the solution was left to cool to room temperature.
- the cooled solution is dispensed into a plurality of centrifuge tubes, centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 20 minutes, and Texas Red dye-encapsulated melamine resin nanoparticles (hereinafter abbreviated as particle X) contained in the solution as a mixture. .) was precipitated and the supernatant was removed. Thereafter, the precipitated particles X were washed with ethanol and water.
- 0.1 mg of the washed particles X are dispersed in 1.5 mL of ethanol, and 2 ⁇ L of aminopropyltrimethoxysilane LS-3150 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) is added and reacted at room temperature with stirring for 8 hours to surface amination Processed.
- the concentration of the particle X with the aminated surface was adjusted to 3 nM using PBS containing 2 mM of EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), and the linker reagent “SM (PEG) 12 ” (with a final concentration of 10 mM) was added to this solution.
- Thermo Scientific, cat. No. 22112 was mixed and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour with stirring.
- the reaction solution was centrifuged at 10,000 G for 20 minutes, the supernatant was removed, PBS containing 2 mM of EDTA was added, the precipitate was dispersed, and centrifuged again under the same conditions. Washing by the same procedure was performed three times to obtain particles X surface-modified with a PEG chain having a maleimide group at the terminal.
- streptavidin having a sulfhydryl group was produced as follows. First, 40 ⁇ L of streptavidin (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) adjusted to 1 mg / mL, N-succinimidyl-S-acetylthioacetate (N-succinimidyl S-acetylthioacetate, SATA, Pirce) adjusted to 64 mg / mL 70 ⁇ L) was reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. That is, a thiol group (—NH—CO—CH 2 —S—CO—CH 3 ) protected against the amino group of streptavidin was introduced.
- a free thiol group (—SH) was generated from the protected thiol group by a known hydroxylamine treatment, and a treatment for adding a thiol group (—SH) to streptavidin was performed.
- streptavidin solution was desalted with a gel filtration column (Zaba Spin Desaling Columns: Funakoshi) to obtain streptavidin capable of binding to particles X surface-modified with PEG chains having maleimide groups at the ends.
- a gel filtration column Zaba Spin Desaling Columns: Funakoshi
- Particle X surface-modified with a PEG chain having a maleimide group and the above streptavidin having an SH group were mixed in PBS containing 2 mM EDTA and reacted for 1 hour. 10 mM mercaptoethanol was added to stop the reaction. After concentration of the resulting solution with a centrifugal filter, unreacted streptavidin and the like are removed using a gel filtration column for purification, and PEG (33.6 angstroms) end-modified with streptavidin (second binding group substance) is obtained. Particle X (reagent III) was obtained.
- the phosphor-integrated nanoparticles are imaged using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), the cross-sectional area is measured for a sufficient number of particles, and the diameter when the measured value is the area of a corresponding circle is used as the particle diameter Asked. Specifically, the arithmetic average of the particle diameters of 1000 phosphor integrated nanoparticles was defined as the average particle diameter.
- the average particle diameter of the phosphor-integrated nanoparticles of Example 1 was 150 nm.
- linker reagent “Biotin-PEG 6 -NH-Mal” manufactured by PurePEG, product number 2461006-250
- a spacer length of 30 ⁇ is adjusted to 0.4 mM using DMSO. did. 8.5 ⁇ L of this solution was added to the antibody solution, mixed and allowed to react at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the reaction solution was purified by subjecting it to a desalting column “Zeba Desalt Spin Spin Columns” (Thermo Scientific Cat. # 89882). Absorption at a wavelength of 300 nm of the desalted reaction solution was measured with a spectrophotometer (Hitachi “F-7000”) to calculate the amount of protein contained in the reaction solution.
- the reaction solution was adjusted to 250 ⁇ g / mL with a 50 mM Tris solution, and the solution was used as a biotinylated secondary antibody (reagent II) solution.
- ⁇ Fluorescent immunostaining method (1) Deparaffinization treatment process Using the biotinylated secondary antibody and the like, tissue immunostaining and morphological observation staining of human breast tissue were performed as follows. As a tissue section for staining, HER2 (3+) and HER2 ( ⁇ ) tissue array slides (“CB-A712 series” manufactured by Cosmo Bio) were used. The tissue array slide was deparaffinized.
- the HER2 score “3+” is in accordance with the HER2 guideline (3rd edition) prepared by the Trastuzumab Pathology Committee, and is determined to be “30% cancer cells with strong complete cell membrane positive staining” by the DAB method. Indicates a confirmed tissue section.
- the score “ ⁇ ” of HER2 is a tissue section defined as a score “0” in the HER2 guideline (3rd edition) prepared by the Trastuzumab Pathology Committee, that is, “no positive staining of cell membrane or positive staining of cell membrane” Among tissue sections corresponding to “cell ⁇ 10% (positive staining limited to cell membrane is excluded from determination)”, it is a tissue section confirmed to be “no positive staining on cell membrane” by DAB method. Such confirmation by DAB staining was performed using another section (tissue array slide) derived from the same tissue as the section (tissue array slide) used in the examples.
- tissue array slide was deparaffinized and then washed with water.
- the washed tissue array slide was autoclaved at 121 ° C. for 15 minutes in 10 mM citrate buffer (pH 6.0) to activate the antigen.
- the tissue array slide after the activation treatment was washed with PBS, and the washed tissue array slide was subjected to blocking treatment with PBS containing 1% BSA for 1 hour.
- HE staining hematoxylin / eosin staining
- the immunostained sections were stained with Mayer's hematoxylin solution for 5 minutes to perform hematoxylin staining. Thereafter, the tissue section was washed with running water at 45 ° C. for 3 minutes. Next, eosin staining was performed by staining with 1% eosin solution for 5 minutes.
- Fixing treatment step The tissue section that had undergone the immunostaining step and the morphological observation staining step was subjected to an operation of immersing in pure ethanol for 5 minutes four times to perform washing and dehydration.
- the tissue section after the immobilization treatment step was irradiated with predetermined excitation light to emit fluorescence.
- the tissue sections in this state were observed and imaged with a fluorescence microscope (OLYMPUS "BX-53") and a digital camera for microscope (OLYMPUS "DP73").
- the excitation light was set to 575 to 600 nm by passing through an optical filter.
- the range of the wavelength (nm) of fluorescence to be observed was also set to 612 to 692 nm by passing through an optical filter.
- the conditions of the excitation wavelength during microscopic observation and image acquisition were such that the irradiation energy near the center of the field of view was 900 W / cm 2 for excitation at 580 nm.
- the exposure time at the time of image acquisition was arbitrarily set so as not to saturate the brightness of the image (for example, set to 4000 ⁇ sec) and imaged.
- the number of bright spots of the HER2 (3+) and HER ( ⁇ ) tissues was an average value of 1000 cells measured by the ImageJ FindMaxims method based on an image taken at 400 times. Further, the average luminance of one bright spot was calculated from the captured image.
- Example 2 The results of Example 1 are shown in Table 2.
- the evaluation standard for the average number of bright spots per HER2 (3+) cell section cell is “x” when the number of bright spots is less than 2 (the binding to the HER2 antigen to be detected is relatively low, that is, the signal is low).
- the number of bright spots is 2 or more and less than 5
- “ ⁇ ” relatively high binding to the HER2 antigen to be detected, that is, a high signal
- ⁇ The binding to the HER2 antigen to be detected is extremely high, that is, the signal is extremely high.
- Example 1 when the structural unit of spacer 1 was PEG and the length of spacer 1 (the length of the portion derived from the first hydrophilic polymer) was 30 angstroms, tissue immunostaining was performed. As a result, HER2 (3+) In the tissue section, the average number of bright spots per cell was “2.4”, and the evaluation was “ ⁇ ”.
- the evaluation standard for the average number of bright spots per HER2 ( ⁇ ) cell section cell is “ ⁇ ” when the number of bright spots is 1 or less (non-specific adsorption is difficult to occur, that is, low noise). Samples with a score of 0.5 or less were evaluated as “ ⁇ ” (non-specific adsorption is extremely difficult to occur, that is, extremely low noise).
- Example 1 in the tissue section of a normal tissue of HER2 ( ⁇ ), the average number of bright spots per cell was “0.3”, and the evaluation was “ ⁇ ”.
- the average luminance of one bright spot in Example 1 is “41200”, which indicates that a sufficient signal is obtained even at a low particle concentration.
- the stroma is a hydrophobic tissue that fills the space between cells. However, since no cell nucleus exists in the stroma, the HER2 gene is not expressed. Accordingly, the number of bright spots should be zero in the original case, and if a bright spot is observed, it is a noise representing non-specific adsorption, so the number of bright spots of such noise is in a range as small as possible. It is necessary to suppress.
- the stainability was comprehensively evaluated from the evaluation of HER2 (3+) and the evaluation of HER2 ( ⁇ ).
- the criteria for the overall evaluation of dyeability are “ ⁇ ” (both HER2 (3+) evaluation and HER2 ( ⁇ ) evaluation are “ ⁇ ”) (the overall accuracy of HER2 overexpression positive and negative judgment accuracy).
- ⁇ when neither HER2 (3+) evaluation nor HER2 ( ⁇ ) evaluation has “ ⁇ ” (positive and negative determination accuracy of HER2 overexpression)
- HER2 (3+) evaluation and HER2 ( ⁇ ) evaluation have “x” in either case, “ ⁇ ” (HER2 overexpression positive and negative determination accuracy Have a generally inferior dyeability.
- the overall evaluation of the dyeability of Example 1 was “ ⁇ ” (see Table 2).
- Example 2 In Example 2, instead of “Biotin-PEG6-NH-Mal” used as the linker in Example 1, a linker made of propylene having a spacer length of 46.2 angstroms was synthesized as follows. The procedure was the same as in Example 1 except that was used.
- the aminated product was reacted with 0.5 equivalent of biotin 4-nitrophenyl ester (Biotin 4-Nitrophenyl Ester, manufactured by TCI, product number B4009) in tetrahydrofuran (THF).
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- the obtained mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography and GPC to obtain a reaction product in which one end was biotinylated and the other end was an amine.
- the obtained product was reacted with 1.2 equivalents of 3-maleimidopropionate N-succinimidyl ⁇ ⁇ -Maleimidopropionate (manufactured by TCI, product number S0427) in THF.
- Example 2 (Consideration of results) In Example 2, when the spacer length was 46.2 ⁇ and the spacer was made of propylene, the average number of bright spots per cell of the HER2 (3+) tissue section was “2.6”. Yes, the evaluation was “ ⁇ ”. The average number of bright spots per cell of the HER2 ( ⁇ ) tissue section was “0.4” and the evaluation was “ ⁇ ”. The overall evaluation of dyeability was “ ⁇ ”. From these results, when the spacer contained in the phosphor-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent is derived from propylene, non-specific adsorption (noise) occurs due to the lower hydrophilicity compared to the spacer derived from PEG. Although it increases a little, it turns out that it has substantially the same excellent dyeability.
- Example 3 In Example 3, instead of “Biotin-PEG6-NH-Mal” used as a linker in Example 1, “Maleimide-PEG11-Biotin (Thermo Scientific Co., Ltd.) having a spacer length of 55.5 angstroms was used. Example 1 was performed except that the product number 21911) ”was used.
- Example 4 In Example 4, instead of “Biotin-PEG6-NH-Mal” as the linker used in Example 1, “Biotin PEG Maleimide, Biotin-PEG-Mal, MW 1000 (Nanocs) having a spacer length of 94 ⁇ is used. , Cat. No. PG2-BNML-1k) ”was used in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 4 (Consideration of results) In Example 4, when a PEG linker having a spacer length of 104.7 angstroms was used, the average number of bright spots per cell of the HER2 (3+) tissue section was “8.2”. there were. The average number of bright spots per cell of the HER2 ( ⁇ ) tissue section was “0.4”, and the evaluation was “ ⁇ ”. The overall evaluation of dyeability was “ ⁇ ”. From these results, it can be seen that the phosphor-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent of Example 4 has a stronger signal than the one containing the spacer of Example 1 and has extremely excellent staining properties overall.
- Example 5 In Example 5, instead of “Biotin-PEG6-NH-Mal” used as a linker in Example 1, a linker made of propylene having a spacer length of 55.2 ⁇ was synthesized as follows. The procedure was the same as in Example 1 except that was used.
- Example 5 (Consideration of results) In Example 5, when a propylene linker having a spacer length of 55.2 angstroms was used, the average number of bright spots per cell of the HER2 (3+) tissue section was “6.4”, and the evaluation was “ ⁇ ”. there were. The average number of bright spots per cell of the HER2 ( ⁇ ) tissue section was “0.9” and the evaluation was “ ⁇ ”. The overall evaluation of dyeability was “ ⁇ ”. From these results, it can be seen that the phosphor-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent of Example 5 has a stronger signal than that including the spacer of Example 1, and has extremely excellent staining properties overall.
- Example 6 In Example 6, instead of “Biotin-PEG6-NH-Mal” as the linker used in Example 1, “Biotin PEG Maleimide, Biotin-PEG-Mal, MW 2000” having a spacer length of 202.0 angstroms was used. (Nanocs, Cat. No. PG2-BNML-2k) "was used, and the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed.
- Example 6 (Consideration of results) In Example 6, when the PEG linker having a spacer length of 202.0 angstroms was used, the average number of bright spots per cell of the HER2 (3+) tissue section was “8.0”, and the evaluation was “ ⁇ ”. there were. Further, the average number of bright spots per cell of the tissue section of HER2 ( ⁇ ) was “0.8”, and the evaluation was “ ⁇ ”. The overall evaluation of dyeability was “ ⁇ ”. From these results, it can be seen that the fluorescent substance-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent of Example 6 has a stronger signal than the one containing the spacer of Example 1 and has extremely excellent staining properties overall.
- Example 7 In Example 7, instead of “Biotin-PEG6-NH-Mal” as the linker used in Example 1, “Biotin PEG Maleimide, Biotin-PEG-Mal, MW 5000” having a spacer length of 494.0 angstroms was used. (Nanocs, Cat. No. PG2-BNML-5k) "was used, and the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed.
- Example 7 (Consideration of results) In Example 7, when a PEG linker having a spacer length of 494.0 angstroms was used, the average number of bright spots per cell of the HER2 (3+) tissue section was “8.2”, and the evaluation was “ ⁇ ”. there were. Further, the average number of bright spots per cell of the tissue section of HER2 ( ⁇ ) was “0.8”, and the evaluation was “ ⁇ ”. The overall evaluation of dyeability was “ ⁇ ”. From these results, it can be seen that the phosphor-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent of Example 7 has a stronger signal than that including the spacer of Example 1, and has extremely excellent staining properties overall.
- Example 8 In Example 8, instead of “Biotin-PEG6-NH-Mal” as the linker used in Example 1, “Biotin PEG Maleimide, Biotin-PEG-Mal, MW 10000” with a spacer length of 980.7 angstroms was used. (Nanocs, Cat. No. PG2-BNML-10k) "was used, and the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed.
- Example 8 (Consideration of results) In Example 8, when a PEG linker having a spacer length of 980.7 angstroms was used, the average number of bright spots per cell of the HER2 (3+) tissue section was “6.2”, and the evaluation was “ ⁇ ”. there were. The average number of bright spots per cell of the HER2 ( ⁇ ) tissue section was “0.6” and the evaluation was “ ⁇ ”. The overall evaluation of dyeability was “ ⁇ ”. From these results, it can be seen that the phosphor-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent of Example 8 has a stronger signal than that including the spacer of Example 1, and has extremely excellent staining properties overall.
- Comparative Example 1 In Comparative Example 1, instead of “Biotin-PEG6-NH-Mal” used as a linker in Example 1, “Maleimide-PEG2-Biotin (Thermo Scientific Co., Ltd.,) having a spacer length of 16.1 angstroms was used. Example 1 was performed except that product number 21901) was used.
- Comparative Example 1 (Consideration of results) In Comparative Example 1, the spacer length was a 16.1 ⁇ PEG linker, but the average number of bright spots per cell of the HER2 (3+) tissue section was “1.6”, and the evaluation was “ ⁇ ”. It was. The average number of bright spots per cell of the HER2 ( ⁇ ) tissue section was “0.2”, and the evaluation was “ ⁇ ⁇ ”. The overall evaluation of dyeability was “x”. From these results, since the phosphor-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent of Comparative Example 1 has a spacer length shorter than that of the present invention, the signal is higher than that of the phosphor-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent of the present invention (Example). It is weak and it turns out that dyeability is relatively inferior.
- Comparative Example 2 In Comparative Example 2, instead of “Biotin-PEG6-NH-Mal” used as the linker in Example 1, a linker made of propylene having a spacer length of 13.3 ⁇ was synthesized as follows. The procedure was the same as in Example 1 except that was used.
- Comparative Example 3 In Comparative Example 3, instead of “Biotin-PEG6-NH-Mal” used as a linker in Example 1, “Biotin-PEG3-maleimide” (ChemPep, cat No. 271608) having a spacer length of 22 angstroms was used. The procedure was the same as in Example 1 except that “ In Comparative Example 3, the spacer length was 20.5 ⁇ PEG linker, but the average number of bright spots per cell of the HER2 (3+) tissue section was “1.8”, and the evaluation was “ ⁇ ”. there were. The average number of bright spots per cell of the HER2 ( ⁇ ) tissue section was “0.4”, and the evaluation was “ ⁇ ”. The overall evaluation of dyeability was “x”.
- the phosphor-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent of Comparative Example 3 is more dyeable than the phosphor-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent of the present invention (Examples), like the phosphor-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent of Comparative Example 1. Is relatively inferior.
- Comparative Example 4 In Comparative Example 4, instead of “Biotin-PEG6-NH-Mal” used as the linker in Example 1, a PEG linker having a spacer length of 1496.5 ⁇ was synthesized as follows. The procedure was the same as in Example 1 except that was used.
- Comparative Example 4 (Consideration of results) In Comparative Example 4, the spacer length was 420 angstrom PEG linker, but the average number of bright spots per cell of the HER2 (3+) tissue section was “6.8”, and the evaluation was “ ⁇ ”. . The average number of bright spots per cell of the HER2 ( ⁇ ) tissue section was “1.6”, and the evaluation was “ ⁇ ”. The overall evaluation of dyeability was “x”. From these results, the phosphor-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent of Comparative Example 4 is non-specific compared to the phosphor-integrated nanoparticle labeling agent of the present invention (Example) because the spacer length is longer than that of the present invention. It can be seen that there is a lot of general adsorption and the dyeability is relatively poor.
- the unit When the unit is PEG, the number of units indicates an oxyethylene unit, and when the unit is propylene, it means a unit of three consecutive carbons, not a propylene unit having a general branched structure.
- Example 9 As a result of setting the average particle diameter of each phosphor-integrated nanoparticle of Examples 1 to 8 to less than 50 ⁇ m or exceeding 200 ⁇ m, when particles having an average particle diameter of less than 50 ⁇ m were used, the bright spot was observed with a general-purpose fluorescence microscope. In the case where the property is reduced and exceeds 230 ⁇ m, the binding efficiency between the phosphor-integrated nanoparticles and the probe biological material through the binding of the first and second binding group substances is lowered (not shown).
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Abstract
Description
本発明において、「生体分子」とは、特に限定されるものではないが、抗原、または、該抗原と特異的に結合した1次~n次の抗体(試薬I)が挙げられる。ここで、本発明において、「抗体」という用語は、任意の抗体断片または誘導体を含む意味で用いられ、Fab、Fab'2、CDR、ヒト化抗体、多機能抗体、単鎖抗体(ScFv)などの各種抗体を含む。
「抗原」として、例えば、タンパク質(ポリペプチド、オリゴペプチド等)、アミノ酸(修飾アミノ酸も含む。)であるが、該タンパク質またはアミノ酸と、糖質(オリゴ糖、多糖類、糖鎖等)、脂質、またはこれらの修飾分子との複合体なども含まれる。具体的には、腫瘍マーカー、シグナル伝達物質、ホルモンなどであってもよく、特に限定されない。
プローブ生体物質は、「生体分子」と特異的に結合する分子であり、上述したように、「生体分子」が抗原または1次~n次抗体(試薬I)である場合、それぞれ1次抗体または2次~(n+1)次抗体が「プローブ生体物質」に該当する。
スペーサー1とプローブ生体物質3との化学結合は、共有結合、イオン結合、水素結合、配位結合、物理吸着、化学吸着等の適当な結合様式による結合や、結合力の強さの観点から、アミド結合、エステル結合、イミド結合、マレイミド基へのチオール付加を利用した結合等の共有結合が好ましい。
スペーサー1を形成するための高分子としては、所定の長さを有する疎水性高分子や親水性高分子、およびこれらの組合せが好適に用いられる。
疎水性高分子の例としては、後述する所定の長さを有する、ポリアミド、飽和炭化水素、環状炭化水素、疎水性ポリアミノ酸、ポリスチレン、ポリメタクリル酸エステル等が挙げられる。
スペーサーの長さとは、図1に示したように、第1親水性高分子をビオチン等の第1結合基物質Aと抗体等のプローブ生体物質3とに結合させたときに、第1結合基物質Aとプローブ生体物質3との間の第1親水性高分子に由来する化学構造の部分(スペーサー1)の長さを意味する。
第1結合基物質Aは、例えば、アビジン、ビオチン、ストレプトアビジン、ニュートラアビジン、ハプテン、抗ハプテン抗体等であり、図1に示したように、後述する蛍光体集積ナノ粒子5に結合した第2結合基物質Bと特異的に結合する分子である。上記ハプテンとしては、例えば、DIG(ジゴキシゲニン)、FITC(フルオレセインイソチオシアネート)、DNP(ジニトロフェノール)を挙げることができる。
第2結合基物質Bは、第1結合基物質Aと特異的に結合する分子であればよく、例えば、ビオチン、ニュートラアビジン、アビジン、ストレプトアビジン、抗ハプテン抗体、ハプテン等である。上記ハプテンとしては、例えば、DIG(ジゴキシゲニン)、FITC(フルオレセインイソチオシアネート)、DNP(ジニトロフェノール)を挙げることができる。
蛍光体集積ナノ粒子5と第2結合基物質Bとの結合は、直接的な結合であってもよいし、図1に示したように他の分子を介在させる間接的な結合であってもよい。
蛍光体集積ナノ粒子5は、蛍光体を集積したものである。このような蛍光体集積ナノ粒子を用いることで、1分子の蛍光体と比較して、1分子当たりの発する蛍光の量、すなわち所定の生体分子を標識する輝点の輝度を高めることができる。
本明細書において「蛍光体」とは、外部からのX線、紫外線、可視光線または近赤外光線等の照射を受けて励起し、励起状態から基底状態に到る過程において光を発光する物質一般を指す。したがって、本発明にいう「蛍光体」は、励起状態から基底状態に戻るときの遷移態様の如何を問うものでなく、励起一重項からの失活に伴う発光である狭義の蛍光を発する物質であってもよいし、三重項からの失活に伴う発光である燐光を発する物質であってもよい。
蛍光体としての使用可能な有機蛍光体の例としては、フルオレセイン系色素分子、ローダミン系色素分子、Alexa Fluor(登録商標、インビトロジェン社製)系色素分子、BODIPY(登録商標、インビトロジェン社製)系色素分子、カスケード(登録商標、インビトロジェン社)系色素分子、クマリン系色素分子、NBD(登録商標)系色素分子、ピレン系色素分子、Texas Red(登録商標)系色素分子、シアニン系色素分子、ペリレン系色素分子、オキサジン系色素分子等、有機蛍光色素として知られている物質を挙げることができる。
蛍光体として使用可能な無機蛍光体の例としては、II-VI族化合物、III-V族化合物、又はIV族元素を成分として含有する量子ドット(それぞれ、「II-VI族量子ドット」、「III-V族量子ドット」、「IV族量子ドット」ともいう。)のいずれかを挙げることができる。単独でも複数種を混合したものを用いてもよい。
蛍光体集積ナノ粒子の製造方法は、特に制限されず、公知の方法により製造することができる。一般的には、樹脂またはシリカを母体として蛍光体をまとめ上げる(当該母体の内部または表面に蛍光体を固定化する)製造方法を用いることができる。
有機蛍光体を用いた蛍光体集積ナノ粒子の製造方法として、蛍光体である蛍光色素を樹脂からなる母体の内部または表面に固定した、直径がナノメートルオーダーの樹脂粒子を形成させる方法を挙げることができる。この蛍光体集積ナノ粒子の調製方法は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、蛍光体集積ナノ粒子の母体をなす樹脂(熱可塑性樹脂または熱硬化性樹脂)を合成するための(コ)モノマーを(共)重合させながら、蛍光体を添加し、当該(共)重合体の内部または表面に当該蛍光体を取り込ませる方法を用いることができる。
無機蛍光体を用いた蛍光体集積ナノ粒子の製造方法として、蛍光体である量子ドットをシリカからなる母体の内部または表面に固定した、シリカナノ粒子を形成させる方法が挙げられる。この製造方法は、ニュー・ジャーナル・オブ・ケミストリー 33巻 561ページ(2009)に記載されているCdTe内包シリカナノ粒子の合成を参考にすることができる。
以下、本発明に係る蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤を用いた組織免疫染色法(蛍光免疫染色法)について説明する。
キシレンを入れた容器に、パラフィンコートされた被験者(特定の疾患が疑われるヒト、イヌ、ネコ等)の組織切片を浸漬させ、パラフィンを除去する。温度は特に限定されるものではないが、室温で行うことができる。浸漬時間は、3分以上30分以下であることが好ましい。また必要により、浸漬途中でキシレンを交換してもよい。
公知の方法にならい、組織切片に含まれる染色対象の抗原の賦活化処理をすることが好ましい。賦活化処理の条件に特に定めはないが、賦活液としては、0.01Mクエン酸緩衝液(pH6.0)、1mMエチレンジアミン四酢酸(EDTA)溶液(pH8.0)、5%尿素、0.1Mトリス塩酸緩衝液等を用いることができる。加熱機器としては、オートクレーブ、マイクロウェーブ、圧力鍋、ウォーターバス等を用いることができる。温度は特に限定されるものではないが、室温で行うことができる。賦活化処理の加熱処理の温度は50~130℃、加熱処理の時間は5~30分で行うことができる。
免疫染色処理工程では、本発明に係る蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤のプローブ生体物質と組織切片にある抗原や1次~n次抗体(生体分子)と結合させる。
具体的には、蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤のバッファー(PBS等)分散液を調製し、組織切片に載せて、蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤のプローブ生体物質と前記生体分子とを結合させる。次に、バッファー(PBS等)を入れた容器に染色後の組織切片を浸漬させて、未反応の蛍光ナノ粒子標識剤や抗体等を除去する。浸漬時間は3分以上30分以下であることが好ましい。必要により浸漬途中でバッファー(PBS等)を交換してもよい。上記免疫染色処理工程の後に、ヘマトキシリン-エオジン染色などの、形態観察染色工程をさらに行うことが望ましい。
ある組織アレイスライドと同一の被験者に由来する別の組織アレイスライドについて、蛍光免疫染色と同一または異なる抗原の有無を確認するための化学免疫染色(DAB染色等)を行っても良い。また、ある組織アレイスライドについて、蛍光免疫染色と、それとは異なる抗原を対象とした化学免疫染色とによる二重染色を行ってもよい。これらの場合、病理切片中の特定の抗原に対して、発色用酵素が連結された抗体等を抗原抗体反応等により結合させ、該結合後に発色基質を反応系に添加して前記発色用酵素により発色させる。
発色工程において、前記発色用酵素の基質、発色剤を反応系に添加して化学発色させるが、発色剤は以下のものを例示することができる。
発色用酵素として西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ(HRP)を用いる場合、TMB(3,3,5,5-テトラメチル ベンジジン)、3,3'-ジアミノベンジジン(DAB)、4-クロロ-1-ナフトール等が挙げられる。また、発色用酵素として酵素アルカリホスファターゼを用いる場合、ニューフクシン等が挙げられる。
固定処理工程は、(3)染色処理工程により導入された蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤等を組織切片に固定する工程である。固定処理溶液として、ホルマリン、パラホルムアルデヒド、グルタールアルデヒド、アセトン、エタノール、メタノール等の架橋剤、細胞膜透過物質等が挙げられる。固定処理は、従来公知の手法により行うことができる。固定処理は、具体的には、上述したような固定処理溶液に、(3)染色処理工程により得られた染色組織切片を浸漬することにより行うことができる。例えば、稀パラホルムアルデヒド水溶液中に、(3)染色処理工程により得られた染色組織切片を数分から数時間程度浸漬することにより行うことができる。
(5-1)明視野観察工程
明視野観察工程は、前記工程(1)~(4)において可視光として観察可能な発色剤(色素)を用いた染色(形態観察染色、酵素免疫染色等)を行った場合に、染色された組織切片に照明光を当て、組織切片に沈着した発色剤の色素を観察し、細胞または組織内の染色対象とする抗原の分布情報(発色点数等)を取得する工程である。
蛍光観察工程は、上記工程により染色された組織切片中の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子の蛍光体に励起光を照射することにより、該蛍光体の発する蛍光に基づく生体分子の分布情報(輝点数等)を取得する工程である。
(1)本発明に係る蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤は、所定の長さの親水性高分子1由来のスペーサーを介して第1結合基物質Aに連結され抗原または1次~n次抗体等の生体分子2と特異的に結合するプローブ生体物質3と、該第1結合基物質Aと特異的に結合可能な第2結合基物質Bが結合された蛍光体集積ナノ粒子5とからなるセットを含む(図1参照)。
さらに、第1結合基物質A,Bがビオチン,ストレプトアビジンであれば、第1結合基物質A,Bがストレプトアビジン、ビオチンである場合より、プローブ生体物質3、スペーサー1、および第1結合基物質Aの複合体(試薬II)全体の分子サイズを小さくすることができるため、蛍光免疫染色における生体分子2とプローブ生体物質3との抗原抗体反応に悪影響を及ぼしにくい点で有利となる。
《ストレプトアビジン結合テキサスレッド色素内包メラミン樹脂ナノ粒子の製造》
スルホローダミン101(「Sulforhodamine 101」、シグマアルドリッチ社製、TexasRed色素)2.5mgを純水22.5mLに溶解した後、ホットスターラーにより溶液の温度を70℃に維持ながら20分間撹拌した。撹拌後の溶液に、メラミン樹脂「ニカラックMX-035」(日本カーバイド工業社製)1.5gを加え、さらに同一条件で5分間加熱撹拌した。
走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用いて前記蛍光体集積ナノ粒子を撮像し、十分な数の粒子について断面積を計測し、その計測値を相当する円の面積としたときの直径を粒径として求めた。具体的には、1000個の前記蛍光体集積ナノ粒子の粒径の算術平均を平均粒子径とした。実施例1の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子の平均粒子径は、150nmであった。
50mMTris溶液に抗ウサギIgG抗体50μgを溶解した。該溶液に、最終濃度3mMとなるようにDTT(dithiothretol)溶液を混合した。その後、該溶液を37℃で30分間反応させた。その後、脱塩カラムを用いてDTTで還元化した2次抗体を精製した。精製した抗体全量のうち200μLを50mMTris溶液に溶解して抗体溶液を得た。その一方で、スペーサーの長さが30オングストロームであるリンカー試薬「Biotin-PEG6‐NH‐Mal」(PurePEG社製,製品番号2461006-250)を、DMSOを用いて0.4mMとなるように調整した。この溶液8.5μLを前記抗体溶液に添加し、混和して37℃で30分間反応させた。
(1)脱パラフィン処理工程
上記ビオチン化2次抗体等を用いて、ヒト乳房組織の組織免疫染色と形態観察染色とを以下のように行った。染色用の組織切片として、HER2(3+)とHER2(-)の組織アレイスライド(コスモバイオ社製「CB-A712のシリーズ」)を用いた。この組織アレイスライドを脱パラフィン処理した。
一方、HER2のスコア「-」は、トラスツヅマブ病理部会作成のHER2ガイドライン(第3版)においてスコア「0」と規定される組織切片、すなわち「細胞膜に陽性染色なし、あるいは細胞膜の陽性染色がある癌細胞<10%(細胞膜に限局する陽性染色は判定対象外)」に該当する組織切片のうち、DAB法によって「細胞膜に陽性染色なし」であることが確認された組織切片であることを示す。
このようなDAB染色による確認は、実施例で用いた切片(組織アレイスライド)と同じ組織に由来する別の切片(組織アレイスライド)を用いて行った。
組織アレイスライドを脱パラフィン処理した後、水に置換する洗浄を行った。洗浄した組織アレイスライドを10mMクエン酸緩衝液中(pH6.0)中で121℃、15分間オートクレーブ処理することで、抗原の賦活化処理を行った。賦活化処理後の組織アレイスライドをPBSにより洗浄し、洗浄した組織アレイスライドに対してBSAを1%含有するPBSを用いて1時間ブロッキング処理を行った。
(3-1)1次反応
BSAを1%含有するPBSを用いて、ベンタナ社製「抗HER2ウサギモノクロナール抗体(4B5)」(試薬I)を0.05nMに調整し、該1次抗体の溶液を上述のブロッキング処理した組織アレイスライドに対して4℃で1晩反応させた。
1次反応を行った組織アレイスライドをPBSで洗浄した後、1%BSA含有のPBSで6μg/mLに希釈した上記ビオチン化2次抗体(試薬II)と室温30分間反応させた。
(3-3)
2次反応を行った組織アレイスライドに対して、1%BSA含有のPBSで0.02nMに希釈した前述の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子(試薬III)を、中性のpH環境(pH6.9~7.4)室温の条件下で3時間反応させた。該反応後の組織アレイスライドをPBSで洗浄した。
免疫染色後、ヘマトキシリン・エオシン染色(HE染色)を行った。免疫染色した切片をマイヤーヘマトキシリン液で5分間染色してヘマトキシリン染色を行った。その後、該組織切片を45℃の流水で3分間洗浄した。次に、1%エオシン液で5分間染色してエオシン染色を行った。
(5)固定処理工程
免疫染色工程および形態観察染色工程を終えた組織切片に対して、純エタノールに5分間浸漬する操作を4回行い、洗浄・脱水を行った。続いて、キシレンに5分間浸漬する操作を4回行い、透徹を行った。最後に、封入剤(メルク社製「エンテランニュー」)を用いて、組織切片を封入して観察用のサンプルの組織アレイスライドとした。
固定化処理工程を終えた組織切片に対して所定の励起光を照射して、蛍光を発光させた。その状態の組織切片を蛍光顕微鏡(オリンパス社製「BX-53」)、顕微鏡用デジタルカメラ(オリンパス社製「DP73」)により観察および撮像を行った。上記励起光は、光学フィルターに通すことで575~600nmに設定した。また、観察する蛍光の波長(nm)の範囲についても、光学フィルターを通すことで612~692nmに設定した。顕微鏡観察、画像取得時の励起波長の条件は、580nmの励起では視野中心部付近の照射エネルギーが900W/cm2となるようにした。画像取得時の露光時間は、画像の輝度が飽和しないように任意に設定(例えば4000μ秒に設定)して撮像した。HER2(3+)、HER(-)の組織の輝点数は、400倍で撮像した画像をもとにImageJ FindMaxims法により計測した1000細胞の平均値とした。また、撮像した画像から、1輝点の平均輝度を算出した。
実施例1の結果を表2に示す。
(HER2(3+)細胞切片細胞当たりの平均輝点数)
HER2(3+)細胞切片細胞当たりの平均輝点数の評価基準は、該輝点数が2未満のものは「×」(検出すべきHER2抗原への結合性が比較的低い、つまり低シグナルである)、該輝点数が2以上5未満のものは「○」(検出すべきHER2抗原への結合性が比較的高い、つまり高シグナルである)、該輝点数が5以上のものは「◎」(検出すべきHER2抗原への結合性が極めて高い、つまり極めて高シグナルである)とした。
一方、HER2(-)細胞切片細胞当たりの平均輝点数の評価基準は、該輝点数が1以下のものは「○」(非特異的な吸着を起こしにくい、つまり低ノイズである)、該輝点数が0.5以下のものは「◎」(非特異的な吸着を極めて起こしにくい、つまり極めて低ノイズである)とした。
実施例1の1輝点の平均輝度は「41200」あり、低い粒子濃度であっても十分なシグナルが得られていることがわかる。
また、間質は、細胞と細胞との間を埋めている疎水性の組織であるが、この間質には細胞核が存在しないため、HER2遺伝子は発現することはない。したがって、本来であれば輝点数は0となるはずであり、輝点が観察されるとすればそれは非特異的な吸着を表すノイズであるため、そのようなノイズの輝点数は極力少ない範囲に抑える必要がある。ここで、上述の観察および撮像において、オリンパス社製カメラ「DP73」を用い、対物レンズ×40で撮影した画像そのもの(1600ピクセル×1200ピクセル)を「間質1画面当たりの輝点数」とした場合に、該輝点数が200個以下の場合は「○」(疎水性部位への非特異的な吸着を起こしにくい、つまり低ノイズである)、100個以下の場合は「◎」(疎水性部位への非特異的な吸着を極めて起こしにくい、つまり極めて低ノイズである)とした(表4参照)。実施例1では、間質1画面当たりの輝点数が「68個」であった(表4参照)。
実施例2では、実施例1でリンカーとして用いた「Biotin-PEG6-NH-Mal」の代わりに、スペーサーの長さが46.2オングストロームのプロピレン製のリンカーを以下のように合成して、これを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行った。
1,18‐オクタデカンジカルボン酸(1,18-Octadecanedicarboxylic acid,プロピレン単位=6)と、5等量の1,6-ジアミノヘキサン(1,6-Hexanediamine,プロピレン単位=2)で、ヘキサン中でアミド化反応を行なった。アミド化反応は触媒としてジイソプロピルカルボジイミドを2等量混合することで行った。
実施例3では、実施例1でリンカーとして用いた「Biotin-PEG6-NH-Mal」の代わりに、スペーサーの長さが55.5オングストロームである「Maleimide-PEG11-Biotin(サーモサイエンティフィック社、製品番号21911)」を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行った。
実施例3では、スペーサーの長さを55.5オングストロームのPEGリンカーとしたところ、HER2(3+)の組織切片の1細胞当たりの平均輝点数は「6.1」であり、評価「◎」であった。また、HER2(-)の組織切片の1細胞当たりの平均輝点数は、「0.3」で評価は「◎」であった。染色性の総合評価は「◎」であった。これらの結果から、実施例3の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤は、実施例1のスペーサーを含むものよりもシグナルが強く、総合的に極めて優れた染色性を有することが分かる。
実施例4では、実施例1で用いたリンカーとして「Biotin-PEG6-NH-Mal」の代わりに、スペーサーの長さが94オングストロームである「Biotin PEG Maleimide, Biotin-PEG-Mal, MW 1000(Nanocs, Cat.No. PG2-BNML-1k)」を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行った。
実施例4では、スペーサーの長さが104.7オングストロームのPEGリンカーとしたところ、HER2(3+)の組織切片の1細胞当たりの平均輝点数は「8.2」であり、評価「◎」であった。また、HER2(-)の組織切片の1細胞当たりの平均輝点数は、「0.4」で評価は「◎」であった。また、染色性の総合評価は「◎」であった。これらの結果から、実施例4の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤は、実施例1のスペーサーを含むものよりもシグナルが強く、総合的に極めて優れた染色性を有することが分かる。
実施例5では、実施例1でリンカーとして用いた「Biotin-PEG6-NH-Mal」の代わりに、スペーサーの長さが55.2オングストロームのプロピレン製のリンカーを以下のように合成して、これを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行った。
実施例2のリンカーの作製において、1,6-ジアミノヘキサン(1,6-Hexanediamine,プロピレン単位=2)の代わりに、1,12-ジアミノドデカン(1,12-Dodecanediamine,プロピレン単位=4)を使用することで、片末端がビオチン化され、もう片末端がマレイミドとなったリンカー(プロピレン単位=10相当)を得た。
実施例5では、スペーサーの長さが55.2オングストロームのプロピレンリンカーとしたところ、HER2(3+)の組織切片の1細胞当たりの平均輝点数は「6.4」であり、評価「◎」であった。また、HER2(-)の組織切片の1細胞当たりの平均輝点数は、「0.9」で評価は「○」であった。染色性の総合評価は「○」であった。これらの結果から、実施例5の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤は、実施例1のスペーサーを含むものよりもシグナルが強く、総合的に極めて優れた染色性を有することが分かる。
実施例6では、実施例1で用いたリンカーとして「Biotin-PEG6-NH-Mal」の代わりに、スペーサーの長さが202.0オングストロームである「Biotin PEG Maleimide, Biotin-PEG-Mal, MW 2000(Nanocs, Cat.No.PG2-BNML-2k)」を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行った。
実施例6では、スペーサーの長さが202.0オングストロームのPEGリンカーとしたところ、HER2(3+)の組織切片の1細胞当たりの平均輝点数は「8.0」であり、評価「◎」であった。また、HER2(-)の組織切片の1細胞当たりの平均輝点数は、「0.8」で評価は「○」であった。染色性の総合評価は「○」であった。これらの結果から、実施例6の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤は、実施例1のスペーサーを含むものよりもシグナルが強く、総合的に極めて優れた染色性を有することが分かる。
実施例7では、実施例1で用いたリンカーとして「Biotin-PEG6-NH-Mal」の代わりに、スペーサーの長さが494.0オングストロームである「Biotin PEG Maleimide, Biotin-PEG-Mal, MW 5000(Nanocs,Cat.No.PG2-BNML-5k)」を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行った。
実施例7では、スペーサーの長さが494.0オングストロームのPEGリンカーとしたところ、HER2(3+)の組織切片の1細胞当たりの平均輝点数は「8.2」であり、評価「◎」であった。また、HER2(-)の組織切片の1細胞当たりの平均輝点数は、「0.8」で評価は「○」であった。染色性の総合評価は「○」であった。これらの結果から、実施例7の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤は、実施例1のスペーサーを含むものよりもシグナルが強く、総合的に極めて優れた染色性を有することが分かる。
実施例8では、実施例1で用いたリンカーとして「Biotin-PEG6-NH-Mal」の代わりに、スペーサーの長さが980.7オングストロームである「Biotin PEG Maleimide, Biotin-PEG-Mal, MW 10000(Nanocs,Cat.No.PG2-BNML-10k)」を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行った。
実施例8では、スペーサーの長さが980.7オングストロームのPEGリンカーとしたところ、HER2(3+)の組織切片の1細胞当たりの平均輝点数は「6.2」であり、評価「◎」であった。また、HER2(-)の組織切片の1細胞当たりの平均輝点数は、「0.6」で評価は「○」であった。染色性の総合評価は「○」であった。これらの結果から、実施例8の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤は、実施例1のスペーサーを含むものよりもシグナルが強く、総合的に極めて優れた染色性を有することが分かる。
比較例1では、実施例1でリンカーとして用いた「Biotin-PEG6-NH-Mal」の代わりに、スペーサーの長さが16.1オングストロームである「Maleimide-PEG2-Biotin(サーモサイエンティフィック社,製品番号21901)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行った。
比較例1では、スペーサーの長さを16.1オングストロームのPEGリンカーとしたが、HER2(3+)の組織切片の1細胞当たりの平均輝点数は「1.6」で、評価「×」であった。また、HER2(-)の組織切片の1細胞当たりの平均輝点数は「0.2」で、評価は「◎」であった。染色性の総合評価は「×」であった。これらの結果から、比較例1の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤は、スペーサーの長さが本発明の規定より短いため、本発明(実施例)の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤と比較するとシグナルが弱く、染色性が相対的に劣っていることが分かる。
比較例2では、実施例1でリンカーとして用いた「Biotin-PEG6-NH-Mal」の代わりに、スペーサーの長さが13.3オングストロームのプロピレン製のリンカーを以下のように合成して、これを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行った。
実施例2のリンカーの作製において、両末端がアミンの炭化水素化合物として1,6-ジアミノヘキサン(1,6-Hexanediamine)を使用することで片末端がビオチン化され、もう片末端がマレイミドとなったリンカー(プロピレン単位=2相当)を得た。
比較例2では、スペーサーの長さを13.3オングストロームのプロピレンリンカーとしたところ、HER2(3+)の組織切片の1細胞当たりの平均輝点数は「1.4」で、評価は「×」であった。また、HER2(-)の組織切片の1細胞当たりの平均輝点数は「0.8」で、評価は「○」であった。また、染色性の総合評価は「×」であった。これらの結果から、比較例2の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤も、本発明(実施例)の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤と比較するとシグナルが弱く、またスペーサーがプロピレン由来である分、スペーサーがPEG由来の比較例1よりも多少ノイズが多くなり、総合的には比較例1と同様、染色性が相対的に劣っていることが分かる。
比較例3では、実施例1でリンカーとして用いた「Biotin-PEG6-NH-Mal」の代わりに、スペーサーの長さが22オングストロームである「Biotin-PEG3-maleimide(ChemPep社、cat No.271608)」を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行った。
比較例3では、スペーサーの長さを20.5オングストロームのPEGリンカーとしたが、HER2(3+)の組織切片の1細胞当たりの平均輝点数は「1.8」で、評価は「×」であった。また、HER2(-)の組織切片の1細胞当たりの平均輝点数は「0.4」で、評価は「◎」であった。また、染色性の総合評価は「×」であった。これらの結果から、比較例3の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤は、比較例1の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤と同様、本発明(実施例)の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤よりも染色性が相対的に劣っていることが分かる。
比較例4では、実施例1でリンカーとして用いた「Biotin-PEG6-NH-Mal」の代わりに、スペーサーの長さが1496.5オングストロームのPEG製のリンカーを以下のように合成して、これを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に行った。
実施例2のリンカーの作製において、等量の「Poly(ethylene glycol) 2-aminoethyl ether biotin 5300 (シク゛マアルト゛リッチ), 製品番号757772」と、「Maleimide PEG NHS, MW 10000(Nanocs,Cat.No.PG2-MLNS-10k)」をテトラヒドロフラン(THF)中で30分間混合後、GPC(JAIGEL-2.5H、日本分析工業)により精製することで片末端がビオチン化され、もう片末端がマレイミドとなったリンカー(ポリオキシエチレン単位=340相当)を得た。
比較例4では、スペーサーの長さを420オングストロームのPEGリンカーとしたが、HER2(3+)の組織切片の1細胞当たりの平均輝点数は「6.8」で、評価は「◎」であった。また、HER2(-)の組織切片の1細胞当たりの平均輝点数は「1.6」で、評価は「×」であった。また、染色性の総合評価は「×」であった。これらの結果から、比較例4の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤は、スペーサーの長さが本発明の規定より長いため、本発明(実施例)の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤と比較すると非特異的な吸着が多く、染色性が相対的に劣っていることが分かる。
実施例1~8の各蛍光体集積ナノ粒子の平均粒子径を50μm未満、または200μmを超えるものとした結果、平均粒子径を50μm未満の粒子を使用した場合、汎用蛍光顕微鏡での輝点視認性が低下し、230μmを超えるものとした場合、第1,2結合基物質の結合を介した蛍光体集積ナノ粒子とプローブ生体物質との結合効率が低下した(不図示)。
2 生体分子
3 プローブ生体物質
4 スペーサー
5 蛍光体集積ナノ粒子
A 第1結合基物質
B 第2結合基物質
Claims (9)
- 長さが30オングストローム以上1000オングストローム以下の高分子由来のスペーサーを介して第1結合基物質に連結され生体分子と特異的に結合するプローブ生体物質と、
該第1結合基物質と特異的に結合可能な第2結合基物質を有する蛍光体集積ナノ粒子とからなるセットを含む、蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤。 - 前記高分子が親水性の高分子(第1親水性高分子)である、請求項1に記載の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤。
- 前記第1親水性高分子が、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)である、請求項2に記載の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤。
- 前記ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)のオキシエチレン単位(n)の数が、6~230である、請求項2または3に記載の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤。
- 前記第1結合基物質がストレプトアビジンおよびビオチンのいずれか一方であり、
前記第2結合基物質がビオチンまたはストレプトアビジンのいずれか他方である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤。 - 前記蛍光体集積ナノ粒子の平均粒子径が、50nm以上230nm以下である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤。
- 前記第1親水性高分子のスペーサーの長さが、50オングストローム以上120オングストローム以下である、請求項2~6のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤。
- 前記生体分子が抗原または1次抗体であり、前記プローブ生体物質が1次抗体または2次抗体であり、蛍光免疫染色に用いられる、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光体集積ナノ粒子標識剤を用いて行う、蛍光免疫染色法。
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| WO2017175523A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-06 | 2017-10-12 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 蛍光免疫染色法 |
| JP2017227502A (ja) * | 2016-06-21 | 2017-12-28 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 組織切片から蛍光ナノ粒子の解離を防止する方法 |
| JP2018025433A (ja) * | 2016-08-09 | 2018-02-15 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | コアシェル型蛍光色素含有ナノ粒子およびその製造方法 |
| JP2018091790A (ja) * | 2016-12-06 | 2018-06-14 | 東ソー株式会社 | 細胞の染色方法 |
| JPWO2018185943A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-07 | 2020-02-13 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 蛍光プレミックス粒子、それを含有する蛍光染色液、およびそれらを用いた蛍光染色法 |
| WO2020255906A1 (ja) | 2019-06-20 | 2020-12-24 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 蛍光標識剤用連結体 |
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| WO2017104476A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-22 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 蛍光物質集積ナノ粒子およびそれを用いた標識剤 |
| JPWO2017104476A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-18 | 2018-10-04 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 蛍光物質集積ナノ粒子およびそれを用いた標識剤 |
| WO2017175523A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-06 | 2017-10-12 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 蛍光免疫染色法 |
| JPWO2017175523A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-06 | 2019-02-14 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 蛍光免疫染色法 |
| JP2017227502A (ja) * | 2016-06-21 | 2017-12-28 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 組織切片から蛍光ナノ粒子の解離を防止する方法 |
| JP2018025433A (ja) * | 2016-08-09 | 2018-02-15 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | コアシェル型蛍光色素含有ナノ粒子およびその製造方法 |
| JP2018091790A (ja) * | 2016-12-06 | 2018-06-14 | 東ソー株式会社 | 細胞の染色方法 |
| JPWO2018185943A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-07 | 2020-02-13 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 蛍光プレミックス粒子、それを含有する蛍光染色液、およびそれらを用いた蛍光染色法 |
| EP3608669A4 (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2020-06-03 | Konica Minolta, Inc. | FLUORESCENT PRE-MIXED PARTICLES, FLUORESCENT STYLING THEREFOR, AND FLUORESCENT STYLING METHOD WHICH ARE USED THEREOF |
| WO2020255906A1 (ja) | 2019-06-20 | 2020-12-24 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 蛍光標識剤用連結体 |
| JPWO2020255906A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-20 | 2020-12-24 | ||
| WO2023058624A1 (ja) * | 2021-10-08 | 2023-04-13 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 染色方法、評価方法および標本 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP6129330B2 (ja) | 2017-05-17 |
| EP3115783A4 (en) | 2017-10-11 |
| US10509039B2 (en) | 2019-12-17 |
| US20170074886A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
| EP3115783A1 (en) | 2017-01-11 |
| JPWO2015133523A1 (ja) | 2017-04-06 |
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